Post on 18-Oct-2020
transcript
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 1
WALKER MOBILE
Touchscreen TutorialPresented by a Team of Touch Experts from
3M, Elo TouchSystems, Fujitsu & Walker Mobile
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 2
WALKER MOBILE Session Objective
Present practical, vendor-independentinformation that a project engineer
can use to select, buy, integrate andtest a touchscreen for a product today
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 3
WALKER MOBILE Presentation Team
T Geoff Walker) Principal Consultant, Walker Mobile
T Frank Lung) Product Manager, Elo TouchSystems
T James Roney) Manager of Touchscreen Development, Elo TouchSystems
T Ken Miller) Global Technical Service Manager, 3M Touch Systems
T Bruce DeVisser) Product Marketing Manager, Fujitsu Components
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 4
WALKER MOBILE Agenda
T Part 1) Introduction (Geoff)) How the “mainstream” touch technologies work (Geoff)) How to select a mainstream touch technology (Frank & James)) Q&A session #1 (All)
…Break (15 minutes)…T Part 2
) How the “emerging” touch technologies work (Geoff)) Customization (Ken)) Integration (Ken)) Test plans & methods (Bruce)) Purchasing components (Bruce)) Gotchas (Bruce)) Q&A session #2 (All)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 5
WALKER MOBILE
Touch TechnologiesWe Are Covering
T Mainstream (primary focus)) Analog resistive) Surface capacitive) Surface acoustic wave (SAW)) Infrared (IR)
T Emerging (secondary focus)) Projected capacitive (ITO-based & wire-based)) Optical (camera-based)) Acoustic pulse recognition (APR – bending wave look-up)) Dispersive signal technology (DST – bending wave processing)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 6
WALKER MOBILE
Touch TechnologiesWe Are Not Covering
T Future (not available yet)) Optical waveguide infrared (from RPO)) Force-sensing (from QSI)) In-pixel (light- & capacitive-sensing, from LCD manufacturers)
T Other) Frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR, used with rear projection)) Laser-pointer touch (e.g., from Keytec, used with front projection)) Active digitizers (e.g., from Wacom, used in Tablet PCs)) Haptics (e.g., VibeTonz from Immersion, used in cellphones)) Opaque touch (e.g., from Quantum, used for control surfaces)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 7
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How the MainstreamTouch Technologies Work
(Geoff Walker)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 8
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AnalogResistive
Photo courtesy of Engadget
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 9
WALKER MOBILE Analog Resistive…1
Illustrations courtesy of Elo TouchSystems
(ITO)
(PET)
Illustration courtesy of Bergquist
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 10
WALKER MOBILE Analog Resistive…2
T Types) 4-wire (low cost, short life) is common in mobile devices) 5-wire (higher cost, long life) is common in stationary devices
T Constructions) PET + Glass (previous illustration) is the most common) PET + PET is the thinnest; sometimes used in cellphones) Glass + Glass is the most durable; gaining share in automotive) Film-film-glass, others…
T Options) Surface treatments (AG, AR, AS),
rugged substrate, dual-force touch,high-transmissivity, surface armoring,others…
Illustration courtesy of Schott
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 11
WALKER MOBILE Analog Resistive…3
T Size range) 2” to ~26”
T Major applications) Mobile devices) Point of sale (POS) terminals
T 2006 market share) 89% by volume) 73% by revenue
T Market leaders) Elo TouchSystems, Fujitsu, Gunze, Touch International…) 50+ suppliers worldwide
Note: All market share numbers in this presentation are estimates byWalker Mobile.
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 12
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SurfaceCapacitive
Illustration courtesy of 3M
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 13
WALKER MOBILE Surface Capacitive…1
Illustration courtesy of Elo TouchSystems
Illustrations courtesy of 3M
Scratch-resistanttop coat
Hard coat with AG
Electrode pattern
Conductive coating(ATO, ITO or TO)
Glass
Optional bottomshield (not shown)
Tail
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 14
WALKER MOBILE Surface Capacitive…2
T Size range) 6.4” to 32”
T Major applications) Gaming & entertainment) Kiosks) ATMs
T 2006 market share) ~5% by volume) ~13% by revenue
T Market leaders) 3M, DigiTech) 16+ suppliers worldwide
Illustrations courtesy of 3M
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 15
WALKER MOBILE
SurfaceAcoustic
Wave
Illustration courtesy of Kodak
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 16
WALKER MOBILE Surface Acoustic Wave…1
Illustrations courtesy of Onetouch (left) and A-Touch (right)
Rayleigh wave
(45°)
Glass substrate
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 17
WALKER MOBILE Surface Acoustic Wave…2
T Size range) 8” to 50”
T Major applications) Kiosks) Gaming & entertainment
T 2006 market share) 2% by volume) 6% by revenue
T Market leaders) Elo TouchSystems, General Touch) 10+ suppliers worldwide
Photo courtesy of Euro Kiosks Network
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 18
WALKER MOBILE
Infrared
Photo courtesy of IBM
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 19
WALKER MOBILE Infrared…1
Illustrations courtesy of Elo TouchSystems
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 20
WALKER MOBILE Infrared…2
T Size range) 8” to 150”
T Major applications) Kiosks) Large displays
T 2006 market share) 2% by volume) 5% by revenue
T Market leaders) Elo Touch, IR Touch) 16+ suppliers
50” plasma displaywith infraredtouchscreenfrom Netrax
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 21
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How to Select a Mainstream Touch Technology
(Frank Lung & James Roney)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 22
WALKER MOBILE Agenda
T MethodologyT Benefits of touch (review)T Input modelsT ConsiderationsT Application examplesT Touch technology +/-
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 23
WALKER MOBILE Methodology
T Focus on existing high-volume technologies) Resistive, surface capacitive, surface acoustic wave & infrared
T Focus on functionality & characteristics rather than specifications) Methods in which a user is interacting with the touch application
is the key factor in considering the best touch technology to beused
T Decision based on usage, application and/or environmental needs) Use-model carries several requirements) There’s no perfect touch technology that meets all requirements) One must consider (and prioritize) the technology which
accommodates the most critical needs
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 24
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Designers:Generally Two Types
T I’m just starting) Need to know benefits & considerations) Let me see all the options
T I’m using touch now) I know what I want) And I know what I don’t want!
This presentationfocuses here!
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 25
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T Natural input device) Ease of use) Public friendly
T The only interface that is direct vs. indirect) Not distracted by input device) Invisible device) Eyes stay on the screen) Fast!
T Intuitive) Everyone can touch) No experience needed) No manual) No computer literacy) ...Or even literacy needed
GeneralBenefits of Touch…1
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 26
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GeneralBenefits of Touch…2
T Guides the userT Limits choices
) Not all options at once; less chance of mistakes
T Reconfigurable by changing the applicationT Mature product T AffordableT Best device for…
) Public) Average employee (non-computer user)) Data retrieval applications, not data entry or general PC use
T Touch is (new) fun!
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 27
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T Compact) Takes less space than a keyboard or a mouse
T Self-illuminatingT Learning is easier:
) Reduced training time) More retention
T Works with glove & anything compatible) ADA) Voting
T Rugged) More durable than keyboards, mice, track balls,
membrane keypads…
Not-So-ObviousBenefits of Touch…1
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 28
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Not-So-ObviousBenefits of Touch…2
T Easy to clean and sterilizeT Lower total cost
) Reduced training, faster speed, etc.
T Touch systems) 24-hour access and availability) Multi-lingual
Moreengaging
for the user!
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 29
WALKER MOBILE Typical Input Models
T Finger-only ) Use for selecting large features with finger) Usage with gloves should be considered
T Finger + available objects) Use for selecting large or small features with common objects) It should allow many common items to be used as a “stylus”
T Stylus-only) The touch system is used for selecting small features with a
stylus and can also be used for other functions such as handwriting recognition
) A special stylus may or may not be acceptableO Consider tethering
) Palm rejection is advantageous
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 30
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High-LevelConsiderations…1
T Total cost of ownership) Consider initial purchase price plus long-term costs including
operation and maintenance
T Accepted input devices) Is it important that the application work with a finger,
a gloved finger, a metal stylus, a nonconductive stylus, a credit card, and/or a long fingernail?
T Durability) How harsh is the intended environment?) Will it be used in the public sector (vandal considerations)?
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 31
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High-LevelConsiderations…2
T Image quality of the underlying display) Are clarity, brightness and readability of the display
important to the application?) If it will be used in very high ambient light, consider the effect
of glare and contrast
T Sealability and Chemical Resistance) Is the screen/device likely to be subjected to spills and/or
cleaning with harsh chemicals?
T Reliability) What is the impact of any downtime for repair?
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 32
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Functionality& Characteristics
T Lifetime/MTBFT Mobile/handheldT Multi-touchT Non-glass substrateT Object size recognitionT Optical clarityT Reliable light touchT Scratch resistanceT SealabilityT Screen sizeT Stylus independenceT Vandal resistanceT Weather resistanceT Z-Axis measurement
T Ambient light sensitivityT Calibration stabilityT Controller chipT CostT Curved substrate T Debris/contaminationT DesignT Drag performanceT DurabilityT Ease of integrationT Flush surfaceT Handwriting recognitionT HID interfaceT Hover
Anticipate undiscovered needs!
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 33
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Characteristics& Scoring…1
Characteristic Res
istiv
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(4-w
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Res
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(5-w
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Ambient Light Sensitivity 5 5 5 5 3Calibration Stabilty 2 4 3 4 5Controller Chip 5 5 5 0 5Cost 5 5 3 4 1Curved Substrate 0 0 0 0 0Debris/Contamination 5 5 4 1 2Drag Performance 3 3 4 2 3Durability 1 3 4 4 5Ease of Integration 5 5 1 3 3Flush Surface 4 4 4 3 1Handwriting Recognition 4 4 1 1 1HID Interface 0 0 0 0 0Hover 0 0 0 0 0Lifetime/MTBF 2 3 4 5 3Mobile/Handheld 5 3 0 0 0
0 = Not applicable1 = Least appropriate5 = Most appropriate
) Weight & rank based on relevance to the application
) There will be trade-offs!
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 34
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Characteristics& Scoring…2
Characteristic Res
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(4-w
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Res
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(5-w
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Sur
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Sur
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Multi-Touch 0 0 0 0 5Non-Glass Substrate 2 2 0 0 5Object Size Recognition 0 0 0 0 0Optical Clarity 1 1 3 5 5Reliable Light Touch 3 3 2 2 1Scratch Resistance 1 3 2 4 5Sealability 4 4 4 2 4Size >50" 0 0 0 0 3Size 30" - 50" 0 0 0 3 4Size 12" - 28" 4 4 5 5 5Size 2" - 10" 5 3 2 0 0Stylus Independence 4 4 1 3 4Vandal Resistance 1 3 4 4 3Weather Resistance 2 2 3 2 2
) Weight & rank based on relevance to the application
) There will be trade-offs!
0 = Not applicable1 = Least appropriate5 = Most appropriate
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 35
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TransactionalT UntrainedT Optional users
T Image clarity) Attract and sell
T Vandal &scratch-resistant
T Others?
ObligatoryT FamiliarT Required users
T Based on past usage) Untrained
T Any stylus) Gloves, pen, fingernail,
credit card, etc.T IP65, NEMA 4 sealableT Others?
Prioritized for Each Application
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 36
WALKER MOBILE
T Kiosks) Point of information
(POI)) Merchandising) Tourism & museums) Gift registries) Digital photo
printing stationsT Ticketing & vendingT FinancialT TransportationT Gaming/amusement
T Telecommunication) Web phones) Internet terminals
T Outdoor) Gas pumps) ATMs) Outdoor vending machines) Store window applications
Transactional Applications
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 37
WALKER MOBILE
T Point of sale (POS)) Restaurants) Hospitality) Post offices
T Industrial/process controlT Medical equipmentT Office equipment
) Time clocks) Copiers
T RetailT Automotive
) Navigation) Diagnostic systems
T Personal mobile device
Obligatory Applications
Photo courtesyof Engadget
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 38
WALKER MOBILE
T General) Easy employee training) Fast, simple transactions) Rugged, durable, reliable) Watertight seal) Small footprint & floor space
T POS) Any stylus (credit card,
fingernail,etc.)) Works when wet
T Medical) Gloves) No glass) Easy to sterilize
T Industrial ) Gloves) Fast alarm acknowledgements ) Wash-down) Specific agency approvals
O NEMA 4; IP 65� High-pressure hose
O NEMA 12: IP54� Dust-proof, splash-proof
O Factory Mutual (FM)� Intrinsically safe
) No glass in food processing
Market Needs: Examples
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 39
WALKER MOBILE 4 & 5-Wire Resistive…1
T Advantages ) Size ranges
O 4-wire: 2” – 15”O 5-wire: 6.4” – 26”
) Can be activated with any device or stylus) Highly resistant to screen contaminates) Sealability (NEMA) ) Low power consumption (4-wire)) Multiple vendors for screen, controller & chip solution) Cost of solution: Lowest (4-wire)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 40
WALKER MOBILE 4 & 5-Wire Resistive…2
T Disadvantages ) Lower durability compared to other technologies,
especially considering cosmetic wear ) Poorer transmittance and overall optical quality
due to plastic overlay and multiple layers) May require periodic recalibration (4-wire)
T Take-away) Used in more applications than any other touch technology) Input flexibility, sealability (NEMA) and cost
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 41
WALKER MOBILE
T Applications) Light industrial, portable medical devices,
access control terminals, portable devices for field automation, wearable computers, home appliances, office equipment
T Requirements) Battery operation – Must be low power) Small size – < 6”-8”) Low cost – % of total system cost, high-volume) Small footprint – Small borders, thin) Drop test – No glass allowed?) Lightweight – Plastic?) Highly customized) Stylus – Signature capture?) Outdoor usage -- Sunlight readable, waterproof?) Simple controller chip – Or no controller?
Typical Applications for 4-Wire Resistive
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 42
WALKER MOBILE
Typical Applications for 5-Wire Resistive
T Applications) Hospitality & retail) Medical ) Industrial ) Voting machines) Office automation
T Requirements) Large displays >10”) Indoor, controlled environment) Touch response & stylus flexibility) Liquid and residue resistance) NEMA sealing) Calibration stability (over 4-wire)) Low cost
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 43
WALKER MOBILE Surface Capacitive…1
T Advantages ) Size range: 3” - 32”) More durable than resistive because the top layer isn’t plastic ) Higher light transmission vs. resistive (fewer layers)) Highly sensitive (touch & drag)) Liquids & common contaminants don’t impede performance) Multiple vendors for screen & controller; chip solution limited) Cost of solution: Moderate
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 44
WALKER MOBILE Surface Capacitive…2
T Disadvantages ) Accepts input from finger only (or a tethered conductive stylus)) Susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI)) Accuracy may be affected by environment) May requires periodic calibration
T Considerations ) Common in bar-top, casino & amusement gaming) Sensitive, resistant to everyday contaminants
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 45
WALKER MOBILE
Typical Applications for Surface Capacitive
T Applications) Casino &
amusement gaming) Self-checkout) Ticketing & vending
T Requirements) Displays >15” to 32”) Indoor, high contaminate) Dirt and spill sealed) Sensitive, light touch) Good optics for games
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 46
WALKER MOBILE
Surface AcousticWave (SAW)…1
T Advantages ) Sizes Range from: 6” to 50”) Very high transmittance
O Only glass between end-user and image
) Very high durabilityO No wear mechanismO Functions even with scratches
) Finger, gloved hand and soft stylus activation) Vandal tempered or chemically strengthen glass) Multiple vendors for screen & controller; chip solution limited) Cost of solution: Moderate
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 47
WALKER MOBILE Surface Acoustic Wave…2
T Disadvantages ) Sealing is challenging) Requires “soft” input device ) Surface obstructions or water can cause a false touch
T Considerations) Widely used in kiosk, gaming and home/office automation) No wear mechanism) Very high transmittance
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 48
WALKER MOBILE
Typical Applications forSurface Acoustic Wave
T Applications) Photo kiosks ) Airport & hotel
check-in/out) Gaming) Home automation
T Requirements) Large displays >15”) Very high transmittance ) No wear mechanism) Indoor, controlled-to-low
contaminate environment
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 49
WALKER MOBILE Infrared (IR)…1
T Advantages) Sizes Range from: 8” to 50”) Can be activated with almost any device ) Very high transmittance
O Only glass between end-user and image
) Very high durabilityO No wear mechanism
) Sealability (NEMA) ) With acrylic overlay, sole solution for glass-free applications ) Multiple vendors for screen & controller; chip solution limited) Cost of solution: High (tooling & time)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 50
WALKER MOBILE Infrared…2
T Disadvantages) Lower resolution than other technologies) Surface obstructions or “hover” can cause a false touch) Industrial design (bulkiest bezel)
T Considerations) POS, in-car/flight entertainment) Input flexibility, sealability (NEMA)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 51
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Typical Applicationsfor Infrared
T Applications) POS) Automotive) In-flight
T Requirements) Large displays >15”) Very high transmittance ) No wear mechanism) Glass-free applications) Stylus flexibility
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 52
WALKER MOBILE Summary
T Know your users
T Weight & rank touch technology characteristics based on relevance to the application
T Understand trade-offs
T Touch technology is advancing all the time
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 53
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Question & AnswerSession #1
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 54
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SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 55
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How the EmergingTouch Technologies Work
(Geoff Walker)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 56
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ProjectedCapacitive
Photo courtesy of Apple
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 57
WALKER MOBILE Projected Capacitive…1
(Apple iPhone & iPod Touch)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 58
WALKER MOBILE Projected Capacitive…2
T Technology variations) Two-layer sensor (X-Y grid)
O “Imaging” or “mutual capacitance” [Apple’s term] (iPhone)O “Non-imaging” (Synaptics notebook touchpad)
) Single-layer sensorO “Self capacitance” [Apple’s term]
T Sensor variations) Glass with ITO traces on both sides (iPhone & iPod Touch)) Two pieces of PET with ITO traces on one side each, laminated
together, or a single piece of PET with traces on one side only(3M, Touch International, others)
) 10-micron wires laminated between two sheets of glass or PET(Zytronic, Visual Planet)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 59
WALKER MOBILE Projected Capacitive…3
T Size range) 2” to 100”+
T Major applications) Apple iPhone and iPod Touch (2007)) Signature-capture POS terminals) Outdoor ATMs, “through-glass”
interactive retail signage, military devicesT 2006 market share
) 1% by volume) 2% by revenue
T Market leaders) Balda/TPK/Optera, 3M, Synaptics, Wintek,
Touch International, Zytronic) ~12 suppliers as of 9/07 (rapidly increasing)
ExtremeTouchfrom Touch
International
Omni 7100 MPDPayment Terminal
from Verifone
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 60
WALKER MOBILE
Optical
This picture was drawn on a 46" LCD equipped with a NextWindow optical touchscreen by a visitor to the AETI Exhibition in London on January 24, 2006.
Illustration courtesy of NextWindow
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 61
WALKER MOBILE Optical…1
Illustrations courtesy of NextWindow
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 62
WALKER MOBILE Optical…2
T Size range) 12” to 120”
T Applications) HP TouchSmart
(19-inch all-in-one “family computer”)) Large displays
T 2006 market share) 1% by volume) 1% by revenue
T Market leaders) NextWindow, Smart Technologies
(only 2 suppliers)Illustration courtesy of NextWindow
Illustration courtesy of HP
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 63
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APR & DST (Bending
Wave)
Illustration courtesy of 3M
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 64
WALKER MOBILE Bending Wave (APR)…1
Illustrations courtesy of Elo TouchSystems
Method: Table look-upof 10ms touch “signatures”
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 65
WALKER MOBILE Bending Wave (DST)…2
Illustration courtesy of 3M
Method: Real-timeanalysis of bendingwaves (“time of flight”)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 66
WALKER MOBILE Bending Wave…3
T Size range) Elo/APR: Currently 15” to 19”; future expansion smaller & larger) 3M/DST: 32” to 60”
T Major applications) Elo/APR: Currently POS; could eventually replace most resistive) 3M/DST: Large displays in interactive digital signage
T 2006 market share) Elo/APR: < 1% (first production in 9/06)) 3M/DST: 0% (first production 4/07)
T Market leaders) Elo, 3M (only 2 suppliers)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 67
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Customization(Ken Miller)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 68
WALKER MOBILE Custom vs. Standard
T Standard products) Off-the-shelf, inventory part number) No NRE (non-Recurring Engineering) fees) Low or No minimum quantity requirements) Less expensive on a per unit basis
T Custom products) Customer-specific request
O Purchaser bears responsibility for defining requirements) Longer leadtimes) NRE fees can range from $2,000 - $10,000 (supplier-dependent)) Minimum quantities often required) Typically more expensive on a per unit basis) Single-source limitation) Ownership and control
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 69
WALKER MOBILE General Substrate Product
R General substrate product (Includes resistive, surface capacitive,projected capacitive & surface acoustic wave)
) Cable exit location) Cable length) Size and aspect ratio
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 70
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Custom ProductSpecifics…1
T Resistive) EMI shielding) Gaskets) Graphics) Membrane switches) Palm rejection
O Stylus only
) Extended touch life) High light transmission) Product differentiation
O Branding, logos,company colors
Custom Product
Adjust spacer dots to accommodate
palm rejection or pen
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 71
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Custom ProductSpecifics…2
T Resistive (continued)Silk-screened graphics
Brand with logos or product names
Membrane switches
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SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 74
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Custom ProductSpecifics…5
X = Custom feature typically available
Custom Feature ResistiveSurface
CapacitiveProjected Capacitive
Surface Wave
Infrared Optical
Touch Screen Size x x x x x xCable Exit Location x x x x x x
Cable Length x x x x x xGaskets x x x x x x
Surface Treatment x x x x x xRuggedized x x x x x x
EMI Shielding x - - - - -Graphics x - - - - -
Membrane Switches x - - - - -Palm Rejection x - - - - -
Cable Connector x - - - - -
Touch Technology
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 75
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Integration(Ken Miller)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 76
WALKER MOBILE Integration
Touch system includes touch sensor, controller and software
Sensor and controller
Software drivers
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 77
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Substrate Technology Integration Basics…1
R Touch screen fitR Gasket sealR Touchscreen alignmentR Touchscreen mounting
Bezel
LCD
Gasket SealTouch Screen
Mounting Tape
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 78
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Substrate Technology Integration Basics…2
T Route the touchscreen cable away from the LCD backlight inverter
T Eliminate stress in the touchscreen cable through handling and integration
T Design your touchscreen integration with the cable exiting from the top or sides of the display. ) Cable exits from the bottom may allow spills to accumulate
in the tail attachment area, causing electrical shorting
T Apply tape or other insulating material to sharp edges to protect the cable) Route the cable away from sharp edges whenever possible;
if this cannot be avoided, secure the cable to prevent movement
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 79
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Resistive Integration Considerations
T Mount the touch screen to the LCD – not the bezel) Thermal coefficient difference in the materials can cause stress
to the touch screen’s top sheet, causing a pillowing effect
T Alignment or registration of the touchscreen to the bezel is critical) Bezel pressure exerted to the active area of the touch screen will
cause a constant touch condition.O Apply gasket material to the non-active portion of the
touchscreen to guard against bezel misalignments
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 80
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Surface & Projected Capacitive Integration Considerations
T For the use of touchscreens without a rear shield, ensure that the touchscreen is fixed into position and has no movement
T Metal bezel (includes bezels containing conductive paint)) Ensure the bezel is secure and does not move) Ensure the bezel is grounded) Ensure the bezel does not come into direct contact
with the touchscreen
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 81
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Surface Acoustic Wave Integration Considerations
T Ensure there is sufficient room in the display to allow for the piezoelectric transducers and wires
T Bezel to touchscreen sealing) Select a gasket material that will not attenuate the SAW signal
O A closed-cell polyolefin base foam is recommended
) Position the gasket material within the active area of the touchscreen
O The gasket material should not contact the reflector array border pattern
) Bezel pressure exerted on the active area of the touchscreen may effect performance.
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 82
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Infrared and OpticalIntegration Considerations
T Infrared) Mount the Infrared bezel assembly at an angle to prevent
moisture or liquid collection) Select good sealing material of the bezel to ensure there is
no particulate buildup on the IR LEDs and phototransistors) Recommended gasket materials are polyester, urethane
and silicone
T Optical) Ensure there is sufficient room in the display to allow for
the optical sensors and reflectors or LED arrays
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 83
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Controller vs. Chipset Considerations
T Chipset) Design and qualification) Design flexibility) Support) Supply chain management) Lower cost) Reduced space requirement) Minimum order requirements
T Controller board) Reduced design and qualification time) Higher cost) Increased space requirement
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 84
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T Touchscreen software drivers) Windows 2000, XP, Vista, XPe, CE) Linux support) Custom
T Control panelT CalibrationT Utilities and diagnostic tool
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 85
WALKER MOBILE Summary
T Custom vs. standard product selection
T Touch system considerations
T Understand product specifications and integration requirements
T Cost of ownership
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 86
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Testing Plans & Methods(Bruce DeVisser)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 87
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Testing Plans& Methods…1
T Reference: The use-model you developed initially) What form the user’s interaction takes
O Touch selection, tapping, dragging, writing, signature capture
) Methods of interactionO Bare or covered finger, stylus, other implement
) Use environmentO Indoor, outdoor, temperature, humidity, air quality
T Test model) Two levels of test: Component and system) Component (qualification) test
O Test to manufacturer’s specifications
) Unit or system testO Ensure proper overall operation after integration
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 88
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Testing Plans& Methods…2
T Test parameters) Normal use: Intended use-model) Extreme condition: Not required, but nice to know in some cases
O If it exceeds manufacturer’s specs, results are not reliable
T Test development) Use all resources available
O Experience: Yours and others in your organizationO Vendors: Use supplied parameters and methodsO Customer: Learn their expectationsO Marketing: Product performance claims
) A comprehensive use-model combined with testing that covers all aspects of the technology will provide a reliable test tool
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 89
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Testing Plans& Methods…3
T Test environment) Lab testing versus unit or system testing
O Lab is good for specific metrics related to components� Use repeatable setups, vendor methods, industry standards (NIST, etc.)
O More testing is needed if the vendor is less reliable
) Unit or system testO Replicate the user environment
� Lighting, weather, special conditions
O Replicate user interactions, including error states
) MonitorO Input detection reliabilityO Performance degradationO Wear itemsO Initial field performance
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 90
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Testing Plans& Methods…4
T Unit or system test examples by technology ) Resistive
O Proper response to various actuating implementsO Signature-capture / edge-scrolling performanceO Surface wear (Taber wheel)
) Surface capacitiveO Positive actuation, calibration
) Projected capacitiveO Actuation distance above surface; multi-touch
) Surface acoustic waveO Sealed applications need to test for compression effectsO Use OEM diagnostic tools to test and optimize performance
) InfraredO Use OEM diagnostic tools to determine beam width
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 91
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Testing Plans& Methods…5
T Common test elements) Function
O Touch responseO Touch accuracy
) Optical performanceO TransmissivityO ReflectivityO Optical artifacts
) Wear itemsO Surface degradation
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 92
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Purchasing Touch Components(Bruce DeVisser)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 93
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PurchasingComponents…1
T Establish your needs) Estimated annual usage (EAU)) Schedule steps: Prototype, EVM, PVM, pilot, production units
T Purchasing route – who’s buying your parts?) OEM, integrator, VAD, CM/CEM
T Purchasing locations) Identify for each schedule step
T Quantification) Establish economic purchase quantities) Identify needs for each phase and best purchasing route
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 94
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PurchasingComponents…2
T Common purchasing issues) Which path? - OEM direct, distribution, or other
O OEM direct availability depends on value, which varies by OEMO Distribution offers application support, stocking, lower financial bar,
integration service, other related components, lower purchase mins.O Others offer specialized integration service and assembly
) Longevity of supplyO Custom: Varies by OEM, but offers the best availabilityO Standard: Normally at the maker’s discretionO Real world: Depends on level of business, negotiation
) Risk issuesO Global supply: Production required for most firms O Product support: Anything can fail
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 95
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Gotchas!(Bruce DeVisser)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 96
WALKER MOBILE Avoiding Mistakes
T Know your user: Most critical itemT Design is a team effort: ID, EE, ME, SW, supportT Test for the unexpected: Your users certainly will!T Test the whole design: HW, SW, UI, ease of useT Test the system: Timely response to input is crucialT Set customer expectation level: No surprisesT Warranty support vs. product life: Clear understandingT Serviceability: Has to be designed in at the startT Customer applications: Training and support are keyT Expect the unexpected: Be prepared
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 97
WALKER MOBILE Real-Life Gotchas
T Toronto airport, winter blizzard, -31°C) Multiple resistive failures from dropped scanners
T University of New Mexico, magnetics lab) Capacitive calibration failures
T Factory automation, unwanted(!)) Infrared interference
T Radiology lab, loss of function) SAW and sweating radiologists
T Broken machines) Failure to recognize input in a timely manner
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 98
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Question & AnswerSession #2
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 99
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SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 100
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SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 101
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Appendix(Information on some of the
touch technologies that we didn’t cover in the tutorial)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 102
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OpticalWaveguide
Infrared
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 103
WALKER MOBILE Optical Waveguide IR…1
Illustration courtesy of RPO
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 104
WALKER MOBILE Optical Waveguide IR…2
T Size range) 2” to ~17”
T Target applications) Mobile devices
T Market leaders) RPO and partners (unannounced)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 105
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ForceSensing
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 106
WALKER MOBILE Force Sensing…1
Metalplate
Touch-panel mounting frame
Strain gauge (4)
Cut line for replacing innermetal piece with glass
Touch-panel (pink)
Slits in metal plate Opening for straingauge mounting
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 107
WALKER MOBILE Force Sensing…2
QSI’s Demo Box from SID 2007
Irregularly shaped,raised, textured,wooden touch surface
Glass-covered LCD integrated into touch panel with “soft keys” printed on back of glass
Raised, marbletouch surface with toggle switchespenetratingtouch panel
Multi-page “book” withtouchable metal pages
“Snap-dome” keys attached to touch panel; removable padded andtextured keys; speaker attached with holes through the touch panel.
Motor attached toand penetratingtouch panel withprinted speedcontrol keys andpush-pull controllever
4 strain gaugessupporting one
touch panel
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 108
WALKER MOBILE Force Sensing…3
T Size range) 8” to 42”
T Target applications) “Architectural” applications such as an elevator control panel
made of steel, glass and stone containing floor “buttons”, an embedded LCD with “soft keys” and a speaker
) Possibly other applications requiring high durability
T Market leaders) QSI (sole supplier, for now)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 109
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Photos courtesy of TMD
In-Pixel
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 110
WALKER MOBILE In-Pixel…1
T Light-sensing) Integration of an array of TFT optical
sensors into the LCD’s backplaneO Like a “camera without a lens”O Works with finger, stylus, light-pen or
laser pointerO Works as a scanner (e.g., for business cards)
) TMD was the first to do it (4/03)O Can auto-switch between shadow & reflectionO No announced commercialization date
) Sharp announced the same concept 8/07O No mention of working light rangeO Sampling now; mass production in 2Q08
Display TFT
Pixel aperture
Light-sensing
TFT
(Conceptual drawing)
Sample captured image on2.6” VGA (300 ppi)
Image courtesy of Sharp
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 111
WALKER MOBILE In-Pixel…2
T Capacitance-sensing) Alternative in-pixel method uses display’s ITO
electrode structure as a “self-capacitive” sensorO Integritouch (a Swedish startup) seems to have
fairly strong IP in this area (filed in 2003)� Method: Periodically switch electrodes
to connect to sensing circuit; driveelectrode with square wave andmeasure change in rise time due toadded capacitance of finger to ground
O Samsung is experimenting witha variant approach
Sensor array data obtained byplacing an object on the LCD.Image courtesy of Samsung
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 112
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T Size range) Light-sensing: 2” to 12” (Sharp’s stated current limit)) Capacitance-sensing: Unknown
T Target applications) Light-sensing: Mobile devices) Capacitance-sensing: Unknown
T Market leaders) Light-sensing: TMD, Sharp, Planar & AUO) Capacitance-sensing: Integritouch, Samsung
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 113
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FrustratedTotal
InternalReflection
Illustration courtesy of Jeffrey Han, NYU
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 114
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Frustrated TotalInternal Reflection…1
Illustrations courtesy of Jeffrey Han, NYU
Multiple touch points(Image taken without a diffuser)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 115
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Frustrated TotalInternal Reflection…2
T Size range) As described, ~32” and up
T Target applications) Interactive “video walls” and digital signage
T Market leaders) Perceptive Pixel (sole supplier, for now)
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 116
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LaserPointerTouch
SID 2007 Display Applications Conference – Touchscreen Session 117
WALKER MOBILE Laser-Pointer Touch
Illustration courtesy of Keytec