Post on 20-Feb-2018
transcript
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A tundra is a vast, treeless plain inthe arctic region.
Tundra is the coldest of all thebiomes.
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1. Extremely cold climate
2. Low biotic diversity
. !imple vegetation structure
". Limitation of drainage
#. !hort season of growth and reproduction
$. Energy and nutrients in the form of dead
organic material
%. Large population oscillations
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There are two &inds of tundras, Arctic andalpine. Arctic tundras lie near the Arctic
'cean. They include (reenland, northern
parts of Alas&a, )anada, Europe and
*ussia.
The Alpine tundra is located at the top of
mountains across the world.
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Its located on mountains throughout the world at high altitude
where trees cannot grow.
Growing season is approximately 180 days.
Night time temperature is usually below freezing.
nli!e the "rctic tundra# the soil in the alpine is well drained.$lants similar to the "rctic include% tussoc! grasses# dwarf trees# &
heaths
"nimals include% 'ountain goats# el!# sheep# butterflies# &
grasshoppers
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+ts free-ing for almost all of the year.
The average temperature per year is
1$ degrees .!ummer temperatures get up to "#
degrees . /last $01 wee&s
Lowest temperature it can get is 1degrees below 0 2 degrees .
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3ost of the precipitation that
falls is snow. +n summer it fallsas rain with occasional snow.
Average precipitation per
season is ".# in.
Average precipitation per year
is 14 inches.
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The plants growing in the tundra are often small andgrow close to the ground.This helps resist cold temp.
and snow during the winter.Due to permafrost, there are no deep root system in theplant life of the arctic tundra. (1,700 different kinds ofplants)
They carry out photosynthesis at low temperatures.
Plants are more likely to reproduce vegetatively bydivision and budding than by flower pollinationsexually, due to the short growing season.
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(heyre called
cushion plants b)c
they grow in a lowtight clump and loo!
li!e a little cushion.
(heyre more
common in the tundrawhere their growth
habitat helps protect
them from the cold.
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The frigid cold and deep snow ma&es life in the
tundra very difficult.
Animals are adapted to handle long, cold winters
and to breed and raise young 5uic&ly in the
summer.
!ome have grown thic& fur which turns white in the
winter.
3ammals and birds have additional insulation from
fat.
'thers find a place to hibernate during the winter
months b6c food is not abundant.
*eptiles 7 amphibians are few or absent b6c ofextremely cold temp.
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*lassified as 'ammals
(heyre fast & can outrun a
caribou o+er a short distance.
,wims extremely well.
-iet% large and small mammals#
fish# birds# berries# lea+es
*arni+ores
abitat% coasts# ice floes
/ange% "rctic cean to southern
limits of ice floes
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(hic! fur and amazing
stamina
(hey !now how to
adapt to the frigid
conditions in the
tundra.
-ogs curl themsel+es
up to protect from theharsh wind.
(he dogs must mush
and wor! as a team in
order to sur+i+e.
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The extremely cold weather&eeps the human population to
a minimum.
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$resident ush and *ongress ha+e tried to push the !eys to "las!as "rctic
National 2ildlife /efuge to the oil industry. (hey tried to dig into the "rctic
to try and get the oil. (he ,enate re3ected this amendment.
(heres approx. 14 billion of barrels# but only 5.6 billion would be reco+ered. It
would ta!e 10 years for the oil to reach the pump.
(he refuge would produce less than 67 of the oil "mericans are expected touse.(he small amount of oil would come at an enormous# and irre+ersible cost.
(he oil isnt concentrated in a single# large reser+oir. Its spread across the coastal
plain in more than 50 small deposits. (his would reuire +ast networ!s of roads &
pipelines that would fragment the habitat# disturbing and displacing wildlife.
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(he tundra is a ma3or balance in our ecosystem and
it must be there for many species to sustain life.
If humanity interferes with the tundra #the world as
we !now it may be in route for a disastrous change
for the worst.
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3any animals compete for the plantlichen.
Lichen is the favorite food of caribou and
mus& oxen.
Lichen are homes for spiders, mites, lice,
and other insects.
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Lichens are a successful alliance
between a fungus and an algae. Eachdoing what it does best, and thrivingas a result of a natural cooperation.They live as one organism, both
inhabiting the same body.
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'r. 9ungus is ready o
greet our friend the algae.
9riend algae cell is prepared to
greet 'r. 9ungus
(he lichen is created between
the fungus and the algae
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The Lichen is created between the fungus and the algae.
8After the first meeting 00 +f the fungus and algae are
compatible, they can ma&e a lichen body /thallus. This means
that only certain algae and certain fungi can get together to
form a lichen. Thus each fungus and algae form a uni5ue type
of thallus body9 we can use this thallus body to help assign
them names and ma&e identifications.
8The algae will begin to use sunlight to ma&e sugars or food
which will feed both the fungus and the algae. The fungus will
create a thallus or body that will house both organisms.
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(he animals present are not +ery di+erse# but pop up all o+er
the different tundra locations throughout the globe. :ery few
plants can adapt to tundra due to the fact that the soil is poor
and not deep. (hat leads to a +ery short season of
reproduction and growth. 'any organisms deri+e their energy
from one of the most abundant sources;;dead organicmaterial.
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mbgnet.mobot.org
mgd.nacse.org
realscience.bree!school.org
blueplanetbiomes.com
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