Types of plate boundaries
•Divergent plate boundaryOceanic spreading ridgeContinental Rift zoneNew rock produced
•Convergent plate boundaryOceanic-oceanic convergenceContinental-continental convergence
Mountains UpliftedOceanic - continental convergence
Subduction, Mountains, VolcanoesOld rock destroyed at Trench
•Transform plate boundaryEarthquakes
Divergent plate boundaries
•Oceanic spreading ridge E.g. Mid-Atlantic ridge
new basaltic magma rises to the surface along the ridge forming new oceanic crust
What the central rift looks like in a spreading ridge
Continental Rift zone E.g. Africa and Iceland
Divergent plate boundaries on land form rift valleys. New oceans are starting to open in these places.
These rift valleys often have volcanoes lining them.
Diagram of a rift valley E.g. West African rift
Oldoinyo volcano erupts inside the Africa rift zone
Rift valleys will increase in size till water fills them to form a Sea
The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden were once rift valleys.
So was the Atlantic Ocean!
The formation of the Atlantic ocean
Convergent plate boundaries
•Types Convergent plate boundaries
Oceanic-oceanic convergenceE.g. Japan, New Zealand
Oceanic - continental convergenceE.g. Andes, Sierra Nevada's
Continental-continental convergenceE.g. Himalayas
•Oceanic-oceanic convergenceSubduction zone with deep trench!
Trench
Island arc
Piled up sedimentary rock:
This rock will go through the rock cycle as the ocean floor subducts (metamorphic then melt into magma)!!
Trench
Island arc
Japan is an example of an Island Arc system
•Continental-continental convergence
The sub-continent of India has collided with the Eurasian continent to form the:
Himalayas and Mnt. Everest!!
Old ocean sediments Uplifted
plateau
Mountains: Folded Rocks due to collision
•Oceanic - continental convergence:Subduction Zone!! – Rock is DESTROYED!
Crust is pushed up: (UPLIFT) – Mountain building.E.g. Andes mountains
Transform plate boundaries
Pacific plate
North American plate
Volcanoes and Plate boundaries
The interior of Planet Earth
Model of the Earth’s interior
Model of how convection currents in the mantle drive plate tectonics
Plate boundaries and Hot spots