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Handbook 2
0GE/RT8000/HB20
Rule Book
Handbook 20General duties of asafe work leader (SWL)working outside apossession
Issue 2September 2015
Comes into force05 December 2015
Uncontrolled When Printed Document comes into force on 05/12/2015
Supersedes GERT8000-HB20 Iss 1 on 05/12/2015
Issue 2, September 2015Comes into force 05 December 2015
© Copyright 2015Rail Safety and Standards Board Limited
Published by:RSSBThe authoritative version of this document isavailable at www.rssb.co.uk/rgsonline
Contents approved by Traffic Operationand Management Standards Committee.
Enquiries on this document can be forwarded to:enquirydesk@rssb.co.uk
Uncontrolled When Printed Document comes into force on 05/12/2015
Supersedes GERT8000-HB20 Iss 1 on 05/12/2015
1Issue 2
Page
1 Competence and identification 2
2 Work that you can do without the line being blocked 2
3 Work that needs the line to be blocked 3
4 Working with a group 6
5 SWL briefing 18
6 Visitor permits 19
Aid to working out warning times 20
Sighting distance chart (in metres) mph 21
Sighting distance (in metres) km/h 23
Sighting distance chart (in miles andyards) 25
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1 Competence and identification
To act as a safe work leader (SWL), you must have with
you a valid SWL certificate of competence issued by
your employer.
You must wear a SWL armlet on the left arm or a SWL
badge on the upper chest when you are carrying out the
duties of a SWL.
You must not wear the SWL armlet or badge at any
other time.
Except when you are the SWL in charge of a work site
in a possession, the armlet or badge must have SWL in
white letters on a blue background.
2 Work that you can do without the line being blocked
2.1 Work that does not affect the safety of the line
If the work will not affect the safety of the line and
nobody will come within 2 metres (6 feet 6 inches) of
the nearest running rail of an open line, or 1.25 metres
(4 feet) if a rigid or tensioned barrier or permanent fence
is used, you may carry out the work without blocking
that line.
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2.2 Patrolling, examining or inspecting when alone
You can patrol, examine or inspect an open line when
you are alone if you are sure you will be able to look up
often enough (at least every 5 seconds) to see any train
approaching and:
• you will be able to reach a position of safety at least
10 seconds before any approaching train arrives, and
• you can reach that position of safety without crossing
any open line other than the one you are on.
You must not rely on these arrangements during
darkness, poor visibility or when in a tunnel.
3 Work that needs the line to be blocked
3.1 Work group at risk from trains
If the activity could be carried out using lookout or
equipment warning but neither is available, the line
concerned must be blocked or another safe system
used.
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3.2 Work affecting the safety of the line
Unless specifically allowed in your company instructions,
you must consider the following as types of work that
affect the safety of the line.
• Carrying heavy or awkward equipment or materials
across or along the line.
• Work that will affect the condition of the track.
• Digging a hole or stacking material or equipment
close to the line or near the edge of a platform.
• Placing a hand trolley on the line.
• Using plant within 2 metres (6 feet 6 inches) of the
line.
• Using a road vehicle within 2 metres (6 feet 6 inches)
of the line.
• Using on-track plant (OTP) that will foul the line.
• Using a crane or other lifting equipment that will foul
the line.
• Attaching anything to a railway structure, such as a
bridge, a station roof or building, a signal post or
gantry, or electrical equipment.
• Using a ladder, unless secured so that it cannot fall
towards the line.
• Using scaffolding or a climbing tower, unless secured
so that it cannot fall or move towards the line.
• Felling or trimming trees.
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3.3 Before starting work
You must not start or allow your group to start work as
shown in section 3.1 or 3.2 unless the line concerned is
blocked by one of the following methods.
• You have blocked the line as shown in handbook 21.
• The line has been blocked by a protection controller
(PC) and you have agreed a safe system of work with
that PC, as shown in handbook 21.
• Your site of work is within a siding and you have taken
possession of the siding, or you have agreed a safe
system of work with the person in charge of the siding
possession (PICOS) as shown in handbook 13.
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4 Working with a group
4.1 Remaining with your group
You must stay with your group so that you are able to
personally observe and advise everyone until:
• work is completed and your group is no longer on or
near the line, or
• you are replaced by another SWL or a COSS.
4.2 Safe systems of work
The following are the safe systems of work available.
Safeguarded - where every line at the site of work has
been blocked to normal train movements.
Fenced - where there is a suitable barrier between the
site of work and any line open to the normal movement
of trains.
Site warden warning - where there is a distance of at
least 2 metres (6 feet 6 inches) between the nearest
running rail of an open line and the site of work, and a
site warden has been appointed.
There must be an identifiable limit to the site of work.
If it is only you and one other person in the group, you
do not need to appoint a site warden. However, you
must make sure neither of you go any closer than 2
metres (6 feet 6 inches) to the nearest running rail of the
open line.
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Equipment warning - where there is equipment
provided to give enough warning to allow everyone
involved to reach a position of safety before any train
arrives at the site of work.
Lookout warning - where one or more lookouts are
positioned to provide enough warning to allow everyone
involved to reach a position of safety before any train
arrives at the site of work.
4.3 Setting up the safe system of work
There must be at least 3 metres (10 feet) between any
open line and any member of your group.
Where this is not possible, the instructions shown in 4.4,
4.5, 4.6, 4.7 or 4.8 must be applied.
Before allowing your group to walk to the site of work or
to start work, you must have:
• set up the safe system of work so that nobody in the
group will be put in danger by a passing train
• tested the safe system of work to make sure it is
adequate
• briefed everyone in the group about the safe system
of work.
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4.4 Blocking the line
You may use a blocked line as part of the safe system
of work.
You must only consider a line to be blocked if at least
one of the following applies.
• You have blocked the line or lines concerned as
shown in handbook 21.
• The line or lines concerned have been blocked by
a PC and you have agreed a safe system of work
with that PC.
• Your site of work is within a siding and you have
agreed the safe system of work with the PICOS, as
shown in handbook 13.
When all lines are blocked, you may consider your safe
system of work as safeguarded.
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4.5 Safe system of work using a safety barrier (fenced)
If there is a safety barrier that is approved by the
infrastructure manager between you and any open line,
you may work as follows.
Rigid or tensioned barrier or permanent fence
As long as the barrier or fence is at least 1.25 metres
(4 feet) from the nearest running rail of the open line,
you may allow work to start on the safe side of the
fence.
Fence made of barricade tape or plastic netting
If the fence is placed at 1.25 metres (4 feet) from the
nearest running rail of the open line and the maximum
speed on the open line is no greater than 40 mph
(65 km/h), you may work on the safe side of the fence.
If the fence is at least 2 metres (6 feet 6 inches) from
the nearest running rail of the open line, you may work
on the safe side of the fence. There is no restriction on
the speed of trains on the open line.
Note: A rigid or tensioned barrier placed at 0.9 metres
(3 feet) from an open line along with automatic track
warning system (ATWS) is sometimes used when
on-track plant is being used close to an open line. You
must not use a barrier at this distance as part of your
safe system of work.
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4.6 Safe system of work using site wardens (site-warden warning)
You may set up a safe system of work using one or
more site wardens as long as all of the following
conditions apply.
• There will be at least 2 metres (6 feet 6 inches)
between the site of work (the safe area) and the
nearest running rail of an open line.
• You appoint one or more site wardens to watch all
members of the group to make sure no one is
allowed to go outside the safe area.
• You and each site warden can clearly identify the
limits of the safe area.
• If you act as a site warden, you must take no part in
the actual work.
Before starting work
You must check that each site warden is competent and
is correctly wearing a site warden armlet or badge.
You must point out the limits of the safe area and who
will be the site wardens to each member of the group.
You must agree with each site warden and each
member of the group what warning the site warden is to
give if anyone attempts to move out of the safe area.
You must position each site warden so that the limits of
the safe area and everyone in the group can clearly be
seen and the warning will be heard by everyone in the
group.
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You must test the warning before allowing work to start.
You must make sure nobody distracts the site warden.
Note: If it is only you and one other person in the group,
you do not need to appoint a site warden, but you must
make sure neither of you go any closer than 2 metres
(6 feet 6 inches) to the nearest running rail of the open
line.
4.7 Safe system of work using ATWS, TOWS or LOWS (equipment warning)
If there is an automatic track warning system (ATWS),
train operated warning system (TOWS) or lookout
operated warning system (LOWS), you can use this
equipment to give warning of approaching trains as long
as all of the following conditions apply.
• You or a member of your group are competent to use
the equipment at that location.
• The equipment will provide an adequate warning of
all approaching trains on the line or lines concerned.
• You and all members of the group will be able to stop
work and reach the position of safety at least 10
seconds before the train arrives.
You must test the warning before allowing work to start.
If the equipment is already in use when you arrive, you
must reach a clear understanding with the other person
using it so that you each know what is happening.
When leaving the site of work, you must agree with
anyone else using the equipment whether or not to
leave the equipment in use.
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4.8 Safe system of work using lookouts (lookout warning)
Conditions
You may set up a safe system of work using one or
more lookouts as long as all of the following conditions
apply.
• There is no realistic alternative safe system of work
that can be used.
• Using lookouts at that location is not prohibited.
• You do not act as a lookout.
• There will be no need for anyone to cross more than
two open lines to reach the position of safety.
• The group will not need to walk more than 25 metres
(approximately 25 yards) along the line to reach the
position of safety.
• The warning time needed is not more than 45
seconds.
• The warning time will be enough for everyone in the
group to stop work and to then reach the position of
safety at least 10 seconds before any train arrives
(this is called the required warning time).
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Arranging lookouts
You must make sure each lookout:
• knows the direction and lines that need to be
watched for approaching trains
• is not distracted
• takes no part in the actual work
• has no other duties.
You must check that each lookout is competent and is
correctly wearing a lookout armlet or badge.
You must position site lookouts so that:
• any train approaching can clearly be seen
• the required warning time is available (use distant
and intermediate lookouts if necessary)
• the warning will be received by everyone in the
group (if necessary, use more than one site lookout).
On single or bi-directional lines, or when single line
working is taking place, you must make sure enough
warning is given for both directions.
You must test the warning before allowing work to start.
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Deciding what is an approaching train
In deciding which lines the lookout needs to watch for
approaching trains, you must consider all of the
following.
a) A line on which the group is walking or working.
b) A line adjacent to a) that could also put anyone in
the group in danger.
c) A line that has to be crossed to reach the position
of safety.
d) A line on which a train could be routed towards a),
b), or c) from any direction.
e) A line where, at the required sighting distance, it is
not possible to tell whether a train is on a line shown
in a) to d) above.
Note: A lookout is not needed for an adjacent line, as
shown in b) above, if a train approaching on the
adjacent line cannot put the group in danger, for
example where the group will not pass beyond the
six-foot rail.
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Using distant and intermediate lookouts
If the site lookout cannot achieve enough sighting to
provide the required warning time, you may appoint
distant and intermediate lookouts as long as the
following conditions apply.
• It is daylight with clear visibility.
• Not more than one distant and one intermediate
lookout is used in any direction.
You must make sure that any distant or intermediate
lookouts are located in a position of safety.
However, if the site of work is mobile and the
intermediate and distant lookouts will walk while carrying
out their duties, they may leave the position of safety
when they need to pass an obstruction.
You must make sure the distant lookout or intermediate
lookout communicate correctly with each site lookout by
using the blue and white chequered flags.
Method of warning used by a site lookout
You must choose the warning to suit the type of work and the
location from:
• a horn
• a whistle
• a touch.
You may, if necessary, also get the lookout to shout.
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When a site lookout gives the warning
You must make sure everyone goes to the position of
safety when the warning is given.
If someone does not immediately stop work and go to
the position of safety, the lookout will give an urgent
warning.
Make sure tools and equipment are taken to the position
of safety, unless they are too heavy to be moved by the
slipstream of a passing train and are left clear of the
line.
Working out the required warning time
You must consider how long it will take to stop work and
place any tools or equipment down and how long it will take
to get to the position of safety.
You may take into account an emergency speed restriction
(ESR) or temporary speed restriction (TSR) as long as it
has been imposed for the work.
You must add the following:
• 5 seconds for each additional direction the site lookout
will be looking
• 5 seconds for each distant lookout
• 5 seconds for each intermediate lookout.
You must then add 10 seconds to be in the position of
safety before the train arrives.
Use the sighting distance chart, shown at the back of
this handbook, to work out the required sighting distance
needed for your safe system of work.
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You must not use lookouts as your safe system if:
• they cannot achieve the required sighting distance
• the warning time needed is more than 45 seconds
• the number of lookouts needed is not available.
Using lookouts during darkness, poor visibility or
when in or near a tunnel
You may use lookouts during darkness, poor visibility or
when in or near a tunnel as long as:
• the speed of approaching trains is no greater than
20 mph (30 km/h)
• the site lookout has enough sighting distance
available
• you do not need to use a distant lookout or an
intermediate lookout.
4.9 Working in a siding
If you are competent to do so, you may be the PICOS.
If it is necessary to block one or more sidings for the
work to take place, you must not allow that work to start
until you have taken possession of the siding, or if you
are not the PICOS, the PICOS has given you permission
to start work.
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5 SWL briefing
Before your group goes on or near the line, you must
make sure each person fully understands the safe
system of work.
You will need to tell the group:
• the nature of the work
• the location of the work
• which lines have been blocked and which are still
open
• if they are using a safety barrier, not to pass beyond
the barrier and not to lean or place tools on it
• if they are using site wardens, who the site wardens
are and the limits of the safe area
• if they are using equipment warning, the method of
warning and the position of safety
• if they are using lookouts, who the site lookouts are,
the method of warning and the position of safety.
You must make sure each member of the group
confirms they understand the safe system of work by
signing your safe-work briefing form (RT9909).
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6 Visitor permitsIf a person is issued with a visitor permit as shown in
your company instructions, you may allow that person to
take part in the work even though they do not hold the
required track safety competence.
The person concerned must give you a document telling
you that their visit onto the operational railway has been
approved.
You must:
• brief the person on the safe system of work
• sign and keep the visitor permit
• stay with the person until they leave the operational
railway.
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Aid to working out warning times
Up Down
Maximum speed (from the
Sectional Appendix or TSR
or ESR)
Time needed to stop work
and down tools
Time needed for everyone
to reach a position of safety
Add 5 seconds for each
additional direction the site
lookout is looking
Add 5 seconds for each
distant lookout
Add 5 seconds if working alone
Add 5 seconds for each
intermediate lookout
Add 10 seconds (minimum time
to be in a position of safety) 10 10
Total warning time needed
(Must be no more than 45 secs)
Sighting distance needed
Sighting distance available
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Maxim
um
Sp
eed
125 m
ph
15 s
ecs
Sig
htin
g d
ista
nce
, in m
etres
(m), n
eeded to
giv
e a
warn
ing ti
me o
f
20 s
ecs
25 s
ecs
30 s
ecs
35 s
ecs
40 s
ecs
45 s
ecs
900m
1200m
1400m
1700m
2000m
2300m
2600m
120 m
ph
900m
1100m
1400m
1650m
1900m
2200m
2500m
115 m
ph
800m
1100m
1300m
1550m
1800m
2100m
2400m
110 m
ph
800m
1000m
1300m
1500m
1800m
2000m
2300m
105 m
ph
800m
1000m
1200m
1450m
1700m
1900m
2200m
100 m
ph
700m
900m
1200m
1350m
1600m
1800m
2050m
95 m
ph
650m
850m
1100m
1300m
1500m
1700m
1950m
90 m
ph
650m
850m
1050m
1250m
1450m
1700m
1850m
85 m
ph
600m
800m
950m
1150m
1350m
1600m
1750m
80 m
ph
550m
750m
900m
1100m
1300m
1500m
1650m
75 m
ph
550m
700m
850m
1050m
1200m
1400m
1550m
70 m
ph
500m
650m
800m
950m
1100m
1300m
1450m
65 m
ph
450m
600m
750m
900m
1050m
1200m
1350m
Sighting distance chart (in metres) mph
Sig
hti
ng
dis
tan
ce c
hart
(in
metr
es)
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60 m
ph
450m
550m
700m
850m
950m
1100m
1250m
55 m
ph
400m
500m
650m
750m
900m
1000m
1150m
50 m
ph
340m
500m
600m
680m
800m
900m
1050m
45 m
ph
320m
420m
520m
620m
720m
820m
920m
40 m
ph
280m
360m
460m
540m
640m
720m
820m
35 m
ph
240m
320m
400m
480m
560m
640m
720m
30 m
ph
220m
280m
340m
420m
480m
540m
620m
25 m
ph
180m
240m
280m
340m
400m
460m
520m
20 m
ph
140m
180m
240m
280m
320m
360m
420m
15 m
ph
120m
160m
180m
220m
240m
280m
320m
10 m
ph
80m
100m
120m
140m
160m
180m
220m
5 m
ph
40m
60m
60m
80m
80m
100m
120m
Sighting distance chart (in metres) mph
Sig
hti
ng
dis
tan
ce c
hart
(in
metr
es)
Maxim
um
Sp
eed
15 s
ecs
Sig
htin
g d
ista
nce
, in m
etres
(m), n
eeded to
giv
e a
warn
ing ti
me o
f
20 s
ecs
25 s
ecs
30 s
ecs
35 s
ecs
40 s
ecs
45 s
ecs
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23Issue 2
Maxim
um
Sp
eed
200 k
m/h
15 s
ecs
Sig
htin
g d
ista
nce
, in m
etres
(m), n
eeded to
giv
e a
warn
ing ti
me o
f
20 s
ecs
25 s
ecs
30 s
ecs
35 s
ecs
40 s
ecs
45 s
ecs
900m
1200m
1400m
1700m
2000m
2300m
2600m
195 k
m/h
900m
1100m
1400m
1650m
1900m
2200m
2500m
185 k
m/h
800m
1100m
1300m
1550m
1800m
2100m
2400m
175 k
m/h
800m
1000m
1300m
1500m
1800m
2000m
2300m
170 k
m/h
800m
1000m
1200m
1450m
1700m
1900m
2200m
160 k
m/h
700m
900m
1200m
1350m
1600m
1800m
2050m
155 k
m/h
650m
850m
1100m
1300m
1500m
1700m
1950m
145 k
m/h
650m
850m
1050m
1250m
1450m
1700m
1850m
135 k
m/h
600m
800m
950m
1150m
1350m
1600m
1750m
130 k
m/h
550m
750m
900m
1100m
1300m
1500m
1650m
120 k
m/h
550m
700m
850m
1050m
1200m
1400m
1550m
115 k
m/h
500m
650m
800m
950m
1100m
1300m
1450m
105 k
m/h
450m
600m
750m
900m
1050m
1200m
1350m
Sighting distance chart (in metres) km/h
Sig
hti
ng
dis
tan
ce c
hart
(in
metr
es)
km
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95 k
m/h
450m
550m
700m
850m
950m
1100m
1250m
90 k
m/h
400m
500m
650m
750m
900m
1000m
1150m
80 k
m/h
340m
500m
600m
680m
800m
900m
1050m
70 k
m/h
320m
420m
520m
620m
720m
820m
920m
65 k
m/h
280m
360m
460m
540m
640m
720m
820m
55 k
m/h
240m
320m
400m
480m
560m
640m
720m
50 k
m/h
220m
280m
340m
420m
480m
540m
620m
40 k
m/h
180m
240m
280m
340m
400m
460m
520m
30 k
m/h
140m
180m
240m
280m
320m
360m
420m
25 k
m/h
120m
160m
180m
220m
240m
280m
320m
15 k
m/h
80m
100m
120m
140m
160m
180m
220m
10 k
m/h
40m
60m
60m
80m
80m
100m
120m
Sighting distance chart (in metres) km/h
Sig
hti
ng
dis
tan
ce c
hart
(in
metr
es)
km
/h
Maxim
um
Sp
eed
15 s
ecs
Sig
htin
g d
ista
nce
, in m
etres
(m), n
eeded to
giv
e a
warn
ing ti
me o
f
20 s
ecs
25 s
ecs
30 s
ecs
35 s
ecs
40 s
ecs
45 s
ecs
Uncontrolled When Printed Document comes into force on 05/12/2015
Supersedes GERT8000-HB20 Iss 1 on 05/12/2015
Issue 2 25
Maxi
mum
Speed
125 m
ph
15 s
ecs
Sig
htin
g d
ista
nce
, in m
iles
(m) and y
ard
s (y
), n
eeded to
giv
e a
warn
ing ti
me o
f
20 s
ecs
25 s
ecs
30 s
ecs
35 s
ecs
40 s
ecs
45 s
ecs
920y
1240y
1540y
1m
80y
1m
380y
1m
700y
1m
1000y
120 m
ph
12
mile
1180y
1480y
1 m
ile1m
300y
1m
600y
112
mile
115 m
ph
860y
1140y
1420y
1700y
1m
220y
1m
500y
1m
780y
110 m
ph
820y
1080y
1360y
1620y
1m
140y
1m
400y
1m
660y
105 m
ph
780y
1040y
1300y
1540y
1m
40y
1m
300y
1m
560y
100 m
ph
740y
980y
1240y
1480y
1720y
1m
200y
114
mile
95 m
ph
700y
940y
1180y
1400y
1640y
1m
100y
1m
340y
90 m
ph
660y
12
mile
1100y
34
mile
1540y
1 m
ile1m
220y
85 m
ph
640y
840y
1040y
1260y
1460y
1680y
1m
120y
80 m
ph
600y
800y
980y
1180y
1380y
1580y
1 m
ile
75 m
ph
560y
740y
920y
1100y
1300y
1480y
1660y
70 m
ph
520y
700y
860y
1040y
1200y
1380y
1540y
65 m
ph
480y
640y
800y
960y
1120y
1280y
1440y
Sighting distance chart (in miles and yards)
Sig
hti
ng
dis
tan
ce c
hart
(in
miles
an
d y
ard
s)
Uncontrolled When Printed Document comes into force on 05/12/2015
Supersedes GERT8000-HB20 Iss 1 on 05/12/2015
Issue 226
60 m
ph
14
mile
600y
740y
12
mile
1040y
1180y
34
mile
55 m
ph
420y
540y
680y
820y
960y
1080y
1220y
50 m
ph
380y
500y
620y
740y
860y
980y
1100y
45 m
ph
340y
14
mile
560y
660y
780y
12
mile
1000y
40 m
ph
300y
400y
500y
600y
700y
800y
12
mile
35 m
ph
260y
360y
14
mile
520y
600y
700y
780y
30 m
ph
220y
300y
380y
14
mile
520y
600y
660y
25 m
ph
200y
260y
320y
380y
14
mile
500y
560y
20 m
ph
160y
200y
260y
300y
360y
400y
14
mile
15 m
ph
120y
160y
200y
220y
260y
300y
340y
10 m
ph
80y
100y
140y
160y
180y
200y
220y
5 m
ph
40y
60y
80y
80y
100y
100y
120y
Sighting distance chart (in miles and yards)S
igh
tin
g d
ista
nce c
hart
(in
miles a
nd
yard
s)
Maxi
mum
Speed
15 s
ecs
Sig
htin
g d
ista
nce
, in m
iles
(m) and y
ard
s (y
), n
eeded to
giv
e a
warn
ing ti
me o
f
20 s
ecs
25 s
ecs
30 s
ecs
35 s
ecs
40 s
ecs
45 s
ecs
Uncontrolled When Printed Document comes into force on 05/12/2015
Supersedes GERT8000-HB20 Iss 1 on 05/12/2015
27
Notes
Uncontrolled When Printed Document comes into force on 05/12/2015
Supersedes GERT8000-HB20 Iss 1 on 05/12/2015
28
Notes
Uncontrolled When Printed Document comes into force on 05/12/2015
Supersedes GERT8000-HB20 Iss 1 on 05/12/2015
Uncontrolled When Printed Document comes into force on 05/12/2015
Supersedes GERT8000-HB20 Iss 1 on 05/12/2015
Uncontrolled When Printed Document comes into force on 05/12/2015
Supersedes GERT8000-HB20 Iss 1 on 05/12/2015