Unit 1Study

The study of body structure is ___________. Anatomy

The study of body function is ___________. Physiology

Types of Anatomy Study of body considering organization by

areas. (Used by medical & dental schools) Regional Anatomy

Study of body organization by system. (This is how we will study) Systemic Anatomy

Study of external features to serve as landmarks to locate deeper structures. Surface Anatomy

X-rays, ultrasound, MRI are examples of: Anatomic imaging

System that consists of glands & works to regulate body functions Endocrine

Body Systems Which organ system(s) involved in

transporting or exchanging gases in the body? Endocrine Cardiovascular Respiratory Urinary

Body Systems System that consists of skin, nails, hair,

etc. Integumentary

System that maintains tissue fluid balance, filters foreign material from blood, and fights disease Lymphatic

System that provides support for the body Skeletal

Levels of Organization Put these in order: Cell, organ, organelle, organ system,

organism, chemical, tissue

Basic unit of all living things: Cell

A group of similar cells working together Tissues

Negative feedback is important for maintaining what? Homeostasis

Example of positive feedback: Chronic hypertension

Know anatomic position: Which way does the individual face? Standing, sitting, or lying down? Which way are palms facing?

Revisit directional terms: Superior/Inferior Anterior/Posterior Dorsal/Ventral Lateral/Medial Deep/Surface Distal/Proximal Cephalic/Caudal

A cut across the long axis of an organ at an angle other than a right angle: Oblique

The trunk of the body consists of (3 parts): Thorax Abdomen Pelvis

Which abdominal quadrant would the pain of appendicitis be felt? Lower right

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by: Diaphragm

In which cavity would the bladder & reproductive organs be found? Pelvic

The mediastinum: Divides thoracic cavity in two parts Contains the heart

What is the function of the fluid found between serous membranes? Reduce friction

Mesentaries – Double layered serous membranes Anchor some organs to body wall Are not connected to retroperitoneal

organs Are continuous with parietal & visceral

peritoneum (all of these!!)

The pericardial cavity contains: Pericardial fluid Heart

The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, & bladder are called what type of organs? Retroperitoneal

Organelles & Functions Nucleus

Control center/brain of cell Nucleolus

Makes ribosomes Golgi Apparatus

Packaging center of cell Smooth ER

Lipid synthesis

Organelles & Functions Mitochondria

Powerhouse – converts food to usable energy (ATP)

Ribosomes Makes proteins

Lysosomes Contains digestive enzymes

Plasma Membrane Made of phospholipid bilayer, selectively

permeable

Rough ER Has ribosomes attached to it

Cytoplasm Gel-like substance in which organelles

suspended

What type of cells would likely have a large number of mitochondria? Why? Muscle Cells (energy needed for movement)

In humans, what is the normal number of chromosomes in body cells (somatic or autosomes)? 46

In human sex cells (gametes – egg & sperm)? 23

Phases of cell cycle – in order: Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Mitosis Chromosomes line up at center of cell:

Metaphase Period between cell division

Interphase Chromosomes begin to unravel & resemble material

from interphase Telophase

Spindle fibers form, nuclear envelope breaks down Prophase

Chromosomes are pulled apart at centromere Anaphase

All cells in the adult human body: Develop from a single fertilized egg All contain identical DNA

Differentiation occurs during when: Some portions of DNA are inactive and

others active

Crossing over takes place in which phase of meiosis? Prophase I

Meiosis results in how many & what type of cells? four Haploid (n) cells

Mitosis results in how many & what type of cells? two Diploid (2n) cells

Make sure to study: Cavities (what they contain or how

divided): Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Pericardial Pleural

Study – Planes of section: Frontal Section Saggital Section

Midsaggital Parasaggital

Longitudinal Transverse Oblique