Branches of ScienceUNIT ONE, LESSON 1.2BY MARGIELENE D. JUDAN

LESSON OUTLINEIntroductionSocial SciencesFormal SciencesNatural SciencesPure Science (Physical and Biological Sciences)Applied Science (Technology)

Feature: Foreign Scientist of the Week!

Science is the study of the universe.

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The study of science ranges from the largest (universe) to

the tiniest (particles).

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Science has three major branches:1. Social Sciences2. Formal Sciences3. Natural Sciences*

*We will focus our study on natural sciences.

1. Social SciencesObject of study: SocietyIt focuses primarily on the study of people history and culture.

1. Social Sciences (examples)AnthropologyArchaeologyBusiness AdministrationCommunicationCriminology

EconomicsEducationGovernmentLinguisticsInternational Relations

Political SciencePsychologySociologyGeographyHistoryLaw

2. Formal SciencesObject of study: Formal Systems (rules, definitions)It serves as a “tool” for all sciences.It is concerned with properties of formal systems based on definitions and rules

2. Formal Sciences (examples)LogicMathematicsTheoretical Computer ScienceInformation TheorySystems TheoryDecision TheoryStatisticsLinguistics

3. Natural SciencesObject of study: Natural WorldIt tries to understand the natural world.

Two Divisions of Natural SciencesPure ScienceApplied Science

PURE SCIENCEScience to uncover new information about the world (basic research)The study of science alone, for knowledge purposes only.

PURE SCIENCE includesPhysicsChemistryEarth ScienceBiologyMathematics

APPLIED SCIENCEUses the discoveries of pure science to create practical solutions to existing problemsAlso known as “technology”

APPLIED SCIENCE includesTechnologyMedicineElectronicsEnvironmental ScienceComputer ScienceEngineering

Compare this to the previous picture.

They are all related to each other.

Some are the applications of the other.

Notice that Mathematics is the tool to all sciences.

Pure vs. Applied SciencePure science addresses basic questions.Supports applied science.Restricted to abstract or theoretical concepts.For knowledge and research purposes.

Applied science solves specific problems.Suggests questions for pure science.Used in actual practice or to solve practical problems.For problem solving purposes.Often referred to as “technology”.

Examples of Pure Science1. Scientists study human vision to learn how the eye works.

2. Students look through a microscope to see what’s inside a cell.

3. A biologist is experimenting on a plant’s reaction to lack of sunlight.

4. Anatomy, Cell Biology, Botany, Physics, Chemistry, Earth Sciences are all pure sciences.

Examples of Applied Science1. Scientists invent motion pictures, eye glasses, and contact lenses.

2. Pharmacologists make and manufacture drugs and medicines.

3. Engineers create bridges and tall buildings.

4. Medicine, Computer Science, Engineering, Robotics and Technology are all applied sciences.

DIVISIONS OF PURE SCIENCEBiological Science – study of living thingsPhysical Science – study of non-living things

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCEStudy of living things

Biological Sciences Overlapping SciencesZoology Biochemistry

Botany Biophysics

Physiology Paleontology

Anatomy Astrobiology

Histology Human Kinetics

Cytology Ecology

Genetics Agricultural Chemistry

Taxonomy

Agriculture

PHYSICAL SCIENCEStudy of non-living things

Physics Chemistry Earth Sciences Overlapping Sciences

Kinetics Analytical Chemistry Astronomy Astrophysics

Nuclear Physics Inorganic Chemistry Geology Atmospheric Chemistry

Quantum Mechanics Nuclear Chemistry Hydrology Geochemistry

Aeronautics Organic Chemistry Meteorology Physical Chemistry

Solid State Physics Qualitative Chemistry Oceanography Physical Geology

Theoretical Physics Quantitative Chemistry Seismology Soil Chemistry

Thermodynamics Soil Science

Mechanics Volcanology

PhysicsScience that deals with matter and energy and the interactions between them. Physics

Kinetics

Nuclear Physics

Quantum Mechanics

Aeronautics

Solid State Physics

Theoretical Physics

Thermodynamics

Mechanics

Chemistry Science that deals with matter, its composition, structure and properties, the changes it undergoes, and the energy accompanying the changes between them.

Chemistry

Analytical Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Qualitative Chemistry

Quantitative Chemistry

Earth Science Study of Earth and its composition, processes, and properties. Earth Sciences

Astronomy

Geology

Hydrology

Meteorology

Oceanography

Seismology

Soil Science

Volcanology

Foreign Scientist of the Week!

Aristotle (384-322 BC)

Aristotle (384-322 BC) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was born circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, Greece. When he turned 17, he enrolled in Plato’s Academy. In 338, he began tutoring Alexander the Great. In 335, Aristotle founded his own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing. Aristotle died in 322 B.C., after he left Athens and fled to Chalcis.

Aristotle (384-322 BC) He was the foremost natural philosopher in the ancient world. He laid the foundation of modern scientific thought and assembled materials for an organized encyclopedia. Main Contribution: Modern Philosophy

Activity Time!

Activity (1/2 sheet of paper): I. Classify whether it is a pure (PS) or applied (AS) science.

1. Scientists look for new forms of matter.

2. Physicists test the Big Bang Theory.

3. Plant biologists improve the immunity of crops to various diseases.

4. Discovery of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

5. Students conducting research on various forms of rocks.

6. A dentist puts braces on your teeth.

7. An IT college student develops the game Clash of Clans.

Activity (1/2 sheet of paper): I. Classify whether it is a pure (PS) or applied (AS) science.

8. Doctor gives you a medical prescription.

9. Students solve math problems.

10.A vendor gives a change of 5 pesos after buying a 15-peso worth of food.

Activity (1/2 sheet of paper): II. Classify as living (L) or non-living (NL) thing. 1. Rock2. Flower3. People4. Statue5. Robot

6. Bacteria7. Soil8. Egg Cell9. Atoms10.Air

I. Answers:1. Scientists look for new forms of matter. (PS)

2. Physicists test the Big Bang Theory. (PS)

3. Plant biologists improve the immunity of crops to various diseases. (AS)

4. Discovery of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (AS)

5. Students conducting research on various forms of rocks. (PS)

6. A dentist puts braces on your teeth. (AS)

7. An IT college student develops the game Clash of Clans. (AS)

I. Answers:8. Doctor gives you a medical prescription. (AS)

9. Students study medicine. (AS)

10.A vendor gives a change of 5 pesos after buying a 15-peso worth of food. (AS)

1. Rock (NL)

2. Flower (L)

3. People (L)

4. Statue (NL)

5. Robot (NL)

6. Bacteria (L)

7. Soil (NL)

8. Egg Cell (L)

9. Atoms (NL)

10.Air (NL)

II. Answers:

Refer to p.9 of your book. Give a short description each of the following fields in the table.Ex. Zoology – the study of animals

Assignment (to be passed tomorrow)

Sources:Science Links 7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_sciencehttp://vonscience.blogspot.com/2005/08/pure-science-versus-applied-science.htmlhttps://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-

biology-textbook/the-study-of-life-1/the-science-of-biology-48/basic-and-applied-science-266-11399

/http://www.biography.com/people/aristotle-9188415