Unit 4: Cellular EnergyChapter 8

What is Metabolism?

Metabolism: All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.

There are 2 Types of metabolic reactions:

» Catabolic» Anabolic

Catabolic: Releases energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

Breaking Down!

Example of Catabolic Reaction:

Cellular Respiration: Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATPGlucose Oxygen Carbon

DioxideWater Energy

Anabolic: Uses energy released by catabolic pathways to build larger molecules from smaller molecules

Ever hear about “Anabolic Steroids” in the news?

Building up

Example of Anabolic Reaction:

Photosynthesis: Two-phase anabolic pathway in which the sun’s light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell.

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 Glucose OxygenCarbon

DioxideWater

Sun Light

What is Metabolism?The relationship of anabolic and catabolic pathways results in the continual flow of

energy within organisms.

Clicker Question #1

The building of materials is called:

a. homeostasisb. anabolicc. catabolicd. ATP

Clicker Question #2

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic process?

a. photosynthesisb. homeostasisc. cellular respirationd. transpiration

Clicker Question #3

Which of the following are products of photosynthesis?

a. Carbon dioxide & waterb. Glucose onlyc. Glucose & carbon dioxided. Glucose & oxygen

Clicker Question #4

Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?

a. Carbon dioxide, water, & ATPb. Glucose & oxygenc. Carbon dioxide & ATPd. Glucose & carbon dioxide

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities.

What is ATP?

ATP is holding the ENERGY in the last phosphate….

What is ATP?

When the last phosphate is POPPED off, it releases energy for the cell to use…

& turns into ADP

Pop off the last one!

What is ATP?

ATP holds/stores energy

When last phosphate is popped off, ENERGY is RELEASED!

Clicker Question #5

What does ATP do?

a. Stores energyb. Gets rid of energyc. Maintains homeostasisd. Breaks down molecules

Clicker Question #6

How does ATP release energy?

a. It just gives it away

b. When the bond between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate is broken

c. When the bond between the 1st & 2nd phosphate is broken

d. It never releases energy

Clicker Question #7

Once the last phosphate is broken off and energy is released, what

does ATP turn into?

a. Glucose

b. Carbon dioxide

c. NADP+

d. ADP

Where does ATP come

from?

• Mitochondria (in plants & animals), break down food (glucose) to make ATP (ENERGY).

Where does ATP come from?

•BUT

An animal (consumer) must EAT a plant to get the food (glucose).

Where does the food (glucose) come from?

What starts the food chain?Photosynthesis in plants

What happens during photosynthesis?* Photosynthesis occurs inside chloroplasts

* Chlorophyll is the green coloring inside the chloroplasts that absorb the sunlight

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 Glucose = Food Oxygen

Released into

the atmosphere

Sent to Mitochondria to process it into ENERGY (ATP)

What happens during photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis Video

Clicker Question #8

Where does photosynthesis take place?

a. Ribosomes

b. Cell membrane

c. Mitochondria

d. Chloroplasts

Clicker Question #9

During photosynthesis, what is released into the atmosphere?

a. Carbon dioxide

b. Glucose

c. Oxygen

d. Water

Clicker Question #10

What is the main purpose for photosynthesis?

a. To make carbon dioxide

b. To make glucose

c. To make oxygen

d. To make water

Clicker Question #11

These are found in plants and are used to capture & absorb sunlight:

a. Mitochondria

b. Chlorophyll

c. Ribosomes

d. Cell Wall

• After photosynthesis, and glucose is made:

* In plants…it is sent to the mitochondria

* In animals…they must eat the plant and the food is sent to the mitochondria

What’s next?

Cellular Respiration is next!

What’s next?

What are the two types of cellular respiration?

• Anaerobic: metabolic process without oxygen

• Aerobic: metabolic process with oxygen

Cellular Respiration is an aerobic process…it NEEDS oxygen!

What happens during cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP

Glucose

Broken down

Released

When you exhale

* Aerobic…needs oxygen

* Occurs in Mitochondria

* Glucose is broken down & ATP molecules are made

Released

When you exhale

Pop the

phosphate off releases energy

What happens during cellular respiration?

1 molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP

Cellular Respiration Video

Clicker Question #12

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

a. To make carbon dioxide

b. To make energy

c. To make water

d. To make glucose

Clicker Question #13

What waste products are released during cellular

respiration?

a. Carbon dioxide & water

b. Glucose & oxygen

c. Carbon dioxide & glucose

d. Carbon dioxide only

Clicker Question #14

How many ATP are made from 1 molecule of glucose?

a. 2

b. 20

c. 26

d. 36

Clicker Question #15

Where does cellular respiration occur?

a. Ribosomes

b. Chloroplasts

c. Mitochondria

d. Chlorophyll

Clicker Question #16

What is aerobic?

a. A process maintaining balance

b. A process that requires oxygen

c. A process that does not require oxygen

d. A process that makes ATP

There are two types of anaerobic respiration

• Fermentation: Keep cellular respiration going if there is no or not enough oxygen is available (2 types)

1. Lactic Acid Fermentation: During cellular respiration, if not enough oxygen is present (like during lots of exercise), lactic acid fermentation begins to keep the cycle going.

- When lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, the muscles become sore.

- Many microbes use this process and are used to make cheese, yogurt,

and sour cream.

Lactic acid Video…silly but “on point”

There are two types of anaerobic respiration

2. Alcohol Fermentation: Occurs in yeast and some bacteria when oxygen is not available to create…..

Alcohol

Rotting fruit can also ferment…creating alcohol

Clicker Question #17

Lactic acid fermentation occurs when the body does not get

enough:

a. Protein

b. Energy

c. Oxygen

d. Carbon Dioxide

Clicker Question #18

Lactic acid causes:

a. Glucose to be the product

b. Energy to be released

c. The making of alcohol

d. Muscle soreness

Clicker Question #19

Lactic acid fermentation & alcohol fermentation are

examples of:

a. Homeostasis

b. Catabolic reactions

c. Aerobic processes

d. Anaerobic processes

Clicker Question #20

The following equation represents:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

a. Homeostasis

b. Photosynthesis

c. Cellular Respiration

d. None of the above

The End

Clicker Answers1. a 11. b2. a 12. b3. d 13. a4. a 14. d5. a 15. c6. b 16. b7. d 17. c8. d 18. d9. c 19. d10. b 20. c