Unit 5 (Part 2) Review

Animal Characteristics

Heterotrophs Multicellular Move from place to place at

some point in their lives. Most reproduce sexually.

3 Things Animals Need To Survive

Food Water Oxygen

Different Types of Feeders

Herbivore Eats plants (veggies/fruit)

Carnivore Eats other animals (meat)

Omnivore Eats plants and animals

How To Classify Animals

Scientists group animals into different phyla based on the following characteristics: DNA Body structure Development of the embryo (fertilized

egg)

Worm Characteristics

Invertebrates Have long, narrow bodies without legs. Have tissues, organs, and organ

systems. Bilateral symmetry. Have heads and tails.

3 Major Phyla of Worms

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

Phylum Annelida Segmented worms

Characteristics: Flatworms

Shape = flat Most are parasitic (i.e.

tapeworms) Examples = tapeworms and

planarians

Characteristics: Roundworms

Live in moist environments. Shape = cylindrical Type of feeder:

Carnivores Herbivores Parasites

Examples = hookworm

Characteristics: Segmented Worms

Shape = segmented or sectioned Have a closed circulatory system Come out at night to feed because...

Predators are asleep Night air is moist – get oxygen from water.

Examples = earthworms

Earthworms are helpful

Earthworms make the soil more fertile by pooping in it.

They also loosen the soil by making tunnels which makes it easier for plant roots to grow into the ground.

More plants = more food for humans.

Mollusk Characteristics

invertebrates Soft bodies Mantle – protects inner organs, makes

shell Foot - to help move Most have a shell (EXCEPT: slugs,

octopuses)

3 Major Classes

Class Gastropoda Snails and slugs.

Class Bivalvia Clams, oysters, squid, mussels

Class Cephalapoda Squid, nautiluses, octopuses, cuttlefish

Characteristics: Gastropods

Radula – tiny ribbon of teeth used to scrape food.

One shelled

Characteristics: Bivalves

Two shells No radula Have gills Foot adapted for digging Live in watery environments

Characteristics: Cephalopods

Complex nervous system Swim using jet propulsion Foot = tentacles that surround

mouth

Squid Adaptations

Chromatosphores – camoflauge Tentacles/arms – to grab food Jet propulsion – to move (for food, away

from predators) Eyes on side of head – can see behind them Gills – get oxygen from water Ink sac – used to get away from predator

Arthropod Characteristics

Invertebrates Exoskeleton Segmented body Joint appendages

4 Major Classes

Crustaceans Lobster, crayfish, shrimp, crabs

Arachnids Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions

Insects Ants, flies, beetles, cricket, bees, etc.

Myriapods Centipedes, Millipedes

Characteristics: Crustaceans

2-3 body sections 14 appendages

5 or more pairs of legs 2 pairs of antennae

Lives in water or damp places. Some are carnivores, others are

herbivores.

Characteristics: Arachnids

2 body sections 8 appendages

4 pairs of legs No antennae

Lives mostly on land carnivores

Characteristics: Insects

3 body sections 8 appendages

3 pairs of legs 1 pair of antennae

Lives mostly on land Some are carnivores, some are

herbivores

Characteristics: Millipedes

80 or more body sections 160 or more appendages

160 or more pairs of legs (2 pairs on each segment)

1 pair of antennae Live in warm/moist environments herbivores

Characteristics: Centipedes

100 or more body sections 200 or more appendages

100 or more pairs of legs 1 pair of antennae

Live in warm/moist environments carnivores

Arthropod’s Body

The arthropod’s body is split up into three main sections: Head Abdomen Thorax

Vertebrate Characteristics

Phylum Chordata Have a notochord

Turns into a backbone in MOST vertebrates. Have a nerve cord Have slits in throat area (called pharyngeal

slits) Endoskeleton

Endoskeleton

Internal (inside) skeleton Made up of three major bones:

Backbone Skull Ribs

Purpose: Supports body Helps give body shape Gives muscles a place to attach

Ectotherm vs. Endotherm

Ectotherms (i.e. reptiles, fishes) Body does not make internal heat. Body temperature depends on temp. of

environment. Endotherm (i.e. humans)

Body temperature is controlled from inside. Body temperature does NOT depend on outside

environment.

Fishes Characteristics

Vertebrate Closed circulatory system Most have fins – steering/moving Gills

3 Classes of Fishes

Jawless Fishes Hagfish, lampreys

Cartilaginous Fishes Sharks, Skates, Rays

Bony Fishes Garibaldi, goldfish, sheep head, trout, tuna, etc.

Characteristics: Jawless Fishes

No scales No jaws Skeleton made of cartilage Do not have pairs of fins

Characteristics: Cartilaginous Fishes

Have scales Have jaws Skeleton made of cartilage Have pairs of fins Cannot pump water over gills – must keep

moving or sit in current

Characteristics: Bony Fishes

Have scales Have jaws Skeleton made of hard bone Pumps water over gills – water comes in

through mouth and is pumped over gills Swim bladder

gas filled organ fish won’t sink or float (neutral buoyancy)

Mammals Characteristics

Endothermic Vertebrates 4 chambered heart Have fur or hair – keeps body warm Internal (inside) fertilization Gives birth to live young (EXCEPT

monotremes) Young fed with mother’s milk

3 Groups of Mammals

Monotremes Duck-Billed Platypus

Marsupials Kangaroos, Opossums

Placental Humans

Characteristics: Monotremes

Young develop from eggs laid by mother

Characteristics: Marsupials

Young are born alive early (premature)

Continue to grow and develop in mother’s pouch

Characteristics: Placental

Develop inside mother’s body attached to a placenta (a sac connected by a tube that feeds the baby nutrients from the mother)

They are not born at an early stage of development