Unit One - MR. RUETHER

transcript

Unit OneU.S. History

2019-2020

September 6th

Happy Friday!

Agenda

Note Taking Expectations (Demo)

Intro to Unit One Content

Review and Reflect

For the Weekend

Note Taking

•Hand Out

•Website

•Demonstration and Options

Essential Questions

How did the First Contact impact the New World and the Old World?

What were some of the consequences?

Are there lasting impacts that we can still readily see today?

Who is Christopher Columbus?• What do you know?

• Italian born, sailed for Spain Why?

• Goals? Finding the East Indies

Spice Trade

Wealth

• Indios

• Arrest and Removal

Columbus on Trial• Write down answers to the following:

What stands out to you?

What did you learn?

What questions do you have?

How is this difference, if at all, from what you know about Columbus?

Can you judge a figure in the past by today's standards? Why or why not?

Columbus on Trial

The Columbian Exchange

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-ND.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

Native American Population

Summary Time!

Please take some time to summarize today's discussion

Happy Monday!

Native American

Regions and Tribes

Flashback to Friday

In your notes respond to the following questions:

• What was the 2-3 most important takeaways you had from Friday?

• What are the consequences, if any, from First Contact that can still be seen today in society?

Native SocietiesNatives Tribes Pre-Contact

What is our National Identity at this point?

nknown author is licensed under

Northwest Coastal Tribes

Northwest Coastal Tribes• Economy: Fishing and gathering

• Building: Varied, rectangular cedar plank houses

• Social Organization: hierarchy; rights to a group’s access to fishing, collecting grounds determined by a hereditary wealthy elite; potlatch

• Religion: guardian spirits; salmon as supernatural

• Arts: Woodworking (cedar), totem poles, weaving

Northeast Tribes

Northeast Tribes• Economy: Farming (corn,

squash, beans) as early as 5000 BCE; trading cash crops for pearls, copper, silver

• Social Organization: women vs. men’s roles (depended on tribe)

• Buildings: Longhouses

• Art: Pottery and baskets

• Religion: Mounds for burial of dead

Southwest Tribes

Southwest• Economy: Earlier groups farmed

• (Anasazi, Hohokam);

• Later tribes (arriving from NW)

• hunting and gathering (Apache, Navajo)

• Buildings: Pueblo (towns); irrigation systems, roads, hogans (Navajo mud and bark round house -faced east)

• Arts: Baskets and pottery

• Religion: Revolved around crops, ceremonies for rain; shamans

Southeast Tribes

• Economy: Rich agricultural land, corn

• Social Organization: Complex large cities (Cahokia on the Mississippi pop. 40,000 c.1000);

• Five “Civilized Tribes” adopted European customs

• Arts: Pottery, arrow points

• Religion: Large mounds; Green Corn Dance

Plains Tribes

Plains Tribes• Economy: agriculture (corn, beans,

squash) until arrival of horse 1500s then shift to hunting and gathering

• Buildings: Grass or earthen houses, then teepee for nomadic lifestyle

• Social Organization: Bands

• Religion: very diverse

Remembering 9/11

Howard Zinn• Critically Read

• Answer Questions

• Excerpt on my website

Howard Zinn Discussion• What is the thesis of this excerpt? Key evidence?

• What role did terrorism play in the conquest of the Americas according to Zinn?

• To what extent do the European conquerors represent America?

• Whose perspective should we take in studying history? The leaders or the people? The conquerors or the victims?

Native American Tribes Research/Case Study

Northwest

Southwest

Northeast

Southeast

Great Plains

Eastern Woodlands

Turn it in.com

Please register for our class on Turnitin.com

3rd PeriodClass ID: 22234658

Pin: Ruether5

4th PeriodClass ID: 22234664

Pin: Ruether5

Colonialism and the Colonies

Why do people move/immigrate?

Colonization of the "New" World• PUSH FACTORS:

• Lack of jobs in England

• Strict religious organizations

• Rigid class structure

• Land

• PULL FACTORS:

• Religious freedom

• Land

• Upward mobility

• Economic opportunity

Jamestown 1607

The FIRST place!

Came to make money

No Gold= no easy money

Trouble with the "Natives"

No real central government

Stability

4 years

What saved them?

Pilgrims!

Who are the Pilgrims?

Group of separtists seeking..?

Dissension upon arrival

Mayflower Compact

•First government system

The Mayflower Compact

As a table group, discuss what the Pilgrims valued.

What was the purpose of their

agreement?

What did they agree to do?

Read through the Mayflower Compact

The Colonies and Regions

New England Colonies (North)

North Economy

• Lumber was primary raw material

• Focused on producing/manufacturing some basic finished goods.

Ship building

• Large portion of urban economy was based around shipping ports

Views on Religion and Education• Puritans!

John Winthrop- City on the Hill

Roger Williams- founded Rhode Island-Religious Tolerance

• Value education for all

Education laws

Harvard founded 1636

Pilgrims vs. Puritans• Share with your groups your answers to the following:

What was the goal of each group?

How are the ideas in each document similar? Different?

What American ideals do you see in these documents? (Think Founding ideals)

What kind of society do you see forming from these foundations?

• City upon a Hill vs. The Mayflower Compact

• While the Pilgrims were Separatists, the Puritans were non-separating Congregationalists -- they believed the Church of England was the one true church and they were loyal to England, but not in the way they worshipped.

Puritans

• Wanted to purify the Church of England from within

Faced intense persecution

• Received charter for Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Great Migration – 20,000 people in roughly 15 years

Puritans• Family, community, hard work

Group discipline

Individual responsibility

Conserve food

Moderation of alcohol

• Bible as law, church as court

Could be prosecuted for not attending church

No excessive worship

Constant use of fear/fervor

All evil comes from Devil

Puritans

• Purity

Avoid sin at all costs

Sexuality praised within marriage, but severely punished outside

Maintained simple lifestyles to avoid temptation

Puritans • Men are in charge Women have no rights

Subordinate to men in all things

Unmarried, childless, or independent women often faced suspicion

Puritans

• NOT tolerant

Wanted religious freedom, but only so they could practice the Puritan way

Others not welcome

• Roger Williams

Spoke in favor of separation of church and state as well as Indian rights

Banished for holding “newe and dangerous opinions”

Left and formed Rhode Island and welcomed those of all religions

Puritans

• NOT tolerant Wanted religious freedom, but

only so they could practice the Puritan way

Others not welcome

• Anne Hutchinson Held Bible study meetings in

her home and didn’t follow rules of female society

Banished and joined Roger Williams

Ruled by Fear

• Cries of witchcraft

Fear of being discovered in sin led to blaming the devil

Accusations fell on those already facing hatred/suspicion

Quickly escalated out of control as fear took over

Ruled by Fear

• Many admitted to deals with the devil under pressure in order to avoid execution

Those who wished to “come clean” were declared to be saved to returned to the light

• Many refused to lie as it was itself a sin

Hanged for consorting with the devil

Accused of everything from curses to possession to murder

Social Hysteria Model

•Often irrational &/or ignorant

•Prejudice, paranoia

Hatred

•Violent, legal, political

Action

Where else have we or do we see this?

•Discuss some examples. Pick one and give details of the three steps of the formula for your example.

Middle Economy

• Livestock

• Mining

• Farming

Views on Religion and Education• Anglican

• Pennsylvania

Quaker and religious tolerance

• Fewer schools than the NE

Founded Princeton in 1746

The South

South Economy• Agricultural economy based on cash crop system

What is cash crop?

Tobacco

Indigo?

Cotton (emerges later)

Views on Religion and Education• Anglican

• James Oglethorpe

Philanthropic founder of Georgia colony for debtors/religious tolerance

• Maryland

Catholic haven

• Tutors for the wealthy

William and Mary College 1693

What did almost everyone who came to America want?

The Atlantic Slave Trade• AST

Indentured Servitude

• High supply of land

People want to own it, not work it

• Indentured Servants

Poor Englishmen who can’t afford passage

7-10 years of service for freedom, housing, stipend, land (sometimes)

• Why won’t this work forever?

Although slavery in the colonies began for economic reasons, it becamefirmly rooted in racism.”

What do you notice?

Middle Passage

Homework

Please register for TCI (online textbook)

Instructions are on the website

Please double-check your TII to make sure it is correct

Jamestown DBQ

The Road to Revolution

French Indian War

Pontiac's Rebellion

• Colonists were expanding Westward-ly

• Native Americans respond by attacking Detroit and killing hundreds of settlers

• Proclamation of 1763

Colonists were not allowed to settle West of the Appalachian Mtns.

But do they listen?

Road to Revolution• French and Indian War

Debt – colonists will pay it

• Proclamation of 1763

Check the encroachment of Native lands

Colonists were supposed to move

First colonial rebellion

• Sugar Tax 1764

First to be enforced –limited protests

• Stamp Act 1765

Paid stamp on every paper – first direct tax for colonists (not in England)

Seen as unjust use of power, tyrannical (No Taxation without representation!)

Used to Salutary Neglect

Road to Revolution

• Declaratory Act

After Stamp Act repealed, reaffirmed British authority

• Townshend Act

Customs duties

Seen as direct taxes in disguise

• Boycotts

Colonial response to Townshend Act

Act repealed (minus tea tax)

• Boston Massacre

Heightened tensions

Creates Us vs. Them

Road to Revolution• Tea Act

Meant to help British East India company

Seen as threat to colonial merchants

• Boston Tea Party

Brought down the full might of British government on colonists

• Intolerable Acts: Boston Port Act, Mass. Gov't. Act, Administration of Justice Act,

Quartering Act

• Quartering Act: soldiers had rights to homes and food of colonists

Patriot feeling spreads, final straw

• Lexington-Concord 1775

First skirmish, British stopped and assaulted

Revolutionary War- The Beginning• Bunker Hill

Heavy British losses

Boosts Colonial Morale

Britain rejects the Olive Branch Petition

• Olive Branch Petition

Last chance to avoid war

Pledge loyalties back to GB

King George III says no

Revolutionary Battles• Colonist did not do well at first!

• Long Island/New York (summer 1776) British victory, realization of the war's longevity

• Ticonderoga (1777) Momentum to the British (war is not going well)

• Saratoga British surrender (Burgoyne)

French Support (Navy)

Turning point in the war

Battles cont.

• Trenton/Princeton

Surprise successful attack on mercenaries

Renewed colonists hope

• Philadelphia/New Jersey

Last major battle in the North

British retreat to New York

• Yorktown (1781)

British army surrounded by American/French troops

General Cornwallis surrenders after two weeks

• Treaty of Paris 1783

Homework:

• Read the Declaration of Independence Keep these questions in mind:

What American values do we see being formed in these pre-revolutionary events?

How are these values portrayed in the Declaration?

•Read the documents that pertain to your side

Debate Prep Homework

•Question: Are the American colonists justified in rebelling against British rule?

•Sides: King George III

Loyalists

Moderates

Patriots

Happy Friday!

Debate Day!

Please sit in your groups

You will have 5-10 minutes to begin to plan your opening arguments

Then we will start the debate!

Back Pocket Questions

Why shouldn’t American colonists help pay off the debt from the French and Indian War?

How might the Intolerable Acts be changed so they don’t punish so many for the actions of just a few?

The Revolution Cont.• Who Won?

• The Constitution

Articles of Confederation• •Government – now what?

• Articles of Confederation 1777

Independent State governments

Based on Declaration ideals

Not all men free!

• Limited central power

Declare war, foreign negotiations, postal system

No taxes

• Not ratified until 1781

• States hesitant to hand over power

• Problems with foreign trade, interstate commerce

Articles of Confederation

• Articles of Confederation

Northwest Ordinance 1787

Specifies how new territory will be governed

Lays out qualifications for statehood

Slavery banned in states in Northwest Territory

Shay's Rebellion

• •Farmers in debt

• •Debtors rebel to stop trials

• •Seize courthouse and attempt weapons

• •Congress unable to provide help

• •Highlighted need for stronger government

Constitutional Convention

•First meet in May 1787

• Instructed by Congress to revise not replace Articles

•America’s leading mindsBen Franklin

George Washington

Alexander Hamilton

James Madison

Enlightenment Reigns

•Key guiding Principles

•Natural Rights

•Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances

•Federalism (think nation v. state gov)

•Popular Sovereignty

• Independent Judiciary

The Compromises• The Great Compromise

Virginia Plan

Replace Articles

Bicameral Legislature based on population

• New Jersey Plan

Revise Articles

Unicameral with equal representation

• Compromise

Roger Sherman- signed Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution.

House = population, Senate = equal reps

Continue to Compromise• Three-Fifths Compromise

Slave counts for taxation vs representation

North vs. South

• Compromise

Every 5 slaves counted as 3 white

• Commerce

North vs. South

• Compromise

Congress = foreign trade and interstate commerce

No taxing exports, no outlawing slave trade until 1808

Electoral College

• Congressional vs popular vote for president

• Senators plus representatives = number of electors

• Elected president and vice president

• Explained

How do you change the Constitution?• Explained

• "Living Document"

What does this mean?

• How do you do it?

Proposed by 2/3 of both Houses in Congress

Proposed by 2/3 of State Legislature to have National Convention

Ratification= 75% of states needed

• How many are there?

27 as of 2019

Judicial Review

• Marbury v. Madison 1803 (William Marbury vs. James Madison)

• "... the power of courts to strike down legislation deemed unconstitutional."

• "It established American judges' authority to review the constitutionality of Congress's legislative acts, and to this day the Supreme Court's power to review the constitutionality of American laws at both the federal and state level is generally rested upon the epic decision of Marbury v. Madison"

The Amendment Case Study• Pick an Amendment; Read the Amendment

• Use your textbook and phone to research your amendment

• Use the handout to create an image that represents the amendment

Explain how the image relates to the amendment and what the amendment is

• Final Product= Gallery Walk

• Take notes on other amendments as you walk around

Warm it Up!

What are 2-3 takeaways you have so far from this unit?

What are 1 or 2 things that you are still confused about?

Who is your favorite Musician??

Presidential Timeline

Warm Up!

• What are 2-3 takeaways you have so far from this unit?

• What are 1-2 concepts you are still struggling with?

• Who is your favorite musician? Current? All time?

Emergence of Political Parties

POLITICAL PARTIES TIMELINE OF POLITICAL

PARTIES(GREAT RESOURCE)

Political Parties

• Jigsaw

• Federalist or Democratic-Republicans

• Use the "Political Parties Emerge" G.O.

• Be prepared to share out your responses with other groups

Political Parties: A Reflection

• Homework: Please read the document on the website about P.P.

• Consider these questions as you read: Why did Political parties become so prevalent?

What do you think the Framers wanted?

Do you think we need more political parties in our system?

Should we try and get rid of parties all together?

Monroe Doctrine• James Monroe, 1823 (Coined in 1850)

• Result of Latin American revolutions

Spanish and Portuguese Colonies

• Claimed that the Americas were free from European involvement and colonization

• Any European involvement considered a hostile act

Keep "Old World" and "New World" separate

• Declared US intent to stay out of foreign wars

• Isolationism

• Invoked by Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan

Revisiting the PastNational Identity Timeline

Unit One - MR. RUETHER

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