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United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 1
eGovernment in Europe at the crossroad between the past and the future
Gianluca Misuraca
IPTS Information Society Unit
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21 June 2010
e-Government Development and Knowledge Management: Challenges and Trends
The views expressed by the author are not necessarily those of the EC
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 2
Outline
1. IPTS research on eGovernance & Social Computing
2. eGovernment: past and present-future
3. eGov2.0: impacts and implications
4. EU eGov policy focus and the Digital Agenda for Europe
5. Visionary scenario-designs and challenges ahead
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 3
IPTS: Part of DG JRC of the EC: 7 Research Institutes across Europe
Mission: “to provide customer-driven support to the EU policy-making process by developing science-based responses to policy challenges that have both a socio-economic as well as a scientific or technologicaldimension”
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 4
Information Society Unit
http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 5
• Exploring ICT-enabled governance models in EU cities (EXPGOV) http://is.jrc.es/pages/EAP/EXPGOV.html– 60% of EU cities believe new models of ICT-enabled governance are emerging (IPTS-EUROCITIES survey, 2009-2010)– Need of developing a conceptual and measurement framework to capture/measure ICT-driven changes on governance and policy impacts
• Participative Roadmap on future research on ICT for governance and policy modelling (CROSSROAD) www.crossroad-eu.net– Huge potential for open and collaborative governance– Need of multidisciplinary research in order to go beyond the traditional eGovresearch domains
Research agenda on e-Governance
National Technical University of Athens
(Coordinator)(Coordinator)
Tech4i2 Limited European Projects & Management Agency
University Koblenz‐Landau Joint Research CentreEuropean Commission
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 6
1. Research work supported by JRC, INFSO, EAC & ENTR2. http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/publications/pub.cfm?id=28193. http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/publications/pub.cfm?id=2820
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 7
The eGov paradox: widening unbalance growth of supply and consumption
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
2001 2007Full online availability index for citizens EU15 10% 50%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
2003 2007% of Internet users
sending eGovernment forms EU15
12% 24%
+ 400% + 100%
Online availability index for citizens EU 15: 2001/2007
Online availability index Austria : 2001/2007
% of Internet users sending eGov forms EU 15: 2003/2008
% of Internet users sending eGov forms Austria: 2003/2008
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2001 2007Full online availability
index Austria 15% 100%
+ 567%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
2003 2007% of Internet users
sending eGovernment forms Austria
13% 20%
+ 54%
Sources: Elaboration by Codagnone & Osimo, European Commission, 2008
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 8
eGov Users (and non users)
Source: Codagnone & Osimo, European Commission, 2008
L M0 H
L
M
H
Digital inclusion
So
cial in
clu
sio
n
= currently potential eGov consumers
= currently eGov Non-consumers
basics:simple,
but better targeted services
DIGITALNATIVES
Colour of forms indicatesRadical
innovations:
Trendy & Mobile(new services/ cross-
border services)
Web 2.0
Web 3.0
Highly interactive
services
Mashed-upgovt
Dropouts :multi-channel ,
eIntermediaries, better policy and
service design, pre-emptive solutions
Digital reluctant: win minds
plussimple
but useful services
Potential climbers:
ad hoc most needed services
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 9
The ‘present’ future: implications for government
Source: Gartner, 2008
The future is already here…
…it is just unevenly distributed
William Gibson, Science Fiction Writer
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010
From e-GOV expansion….
To Web 2.0 proliferation
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 11
Social Computing uptake in EU27
26%
64% 36%
74%
0 100 200 300 400
Internet users
SC users
users non users
EU 27500 millions
58%
91%
42%
8%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Internet users
SC users
users non users
Young (15-24)
millions
Source: IPTS estimation based on EUROSTAT 2008 & Flash EB N.241
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 12
Disclosure
Specialisation
Skills seeking
User PyramidUser Pyramid
Information sharing
Social networkingCollective intelligence
Collaborative content
Collaborative filteringDirect collaboration
Many
Few
Long-tailinnovativeactivities &specialised
communities
Social innovation
Social Computing usage
Source: IPTS, 2009
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Socio-economic impacts of Web2.0
Users empowerment in content creation, peer support and service delivery
Driver of social and organisational innovation
Improvement of internal work processes, products and services
New knowledge and tools for learning, healthcare management and socio-economic inclusion
Gathering of collective knowledge to enhance political participation and mass-collaboration
Better informed and evidence-based policy-decision making
Image: http://www.bumblenut.com/drawing/
Source: IPTS, Impact of Social Computing, JRC-ST Report 2009
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 14
PS2.0: Case Studies
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 15
Sour
ce: M
isur
aca,
IPTS
, ST
Rep
ort 2
009
Opening-up of new channels for political participation and public engagement
Obama2.0 Presidential Campaign & Open Government StrategyAustralian Government2.0 approach EU eParticipation preparatory actionsWikileaks (www.wikileaks.org), ratemy…teacher/doctor/cop/councillor, etc,The “Iran’s Twitter revolution” & the “Chinese Golden Shields”…
Enhancing professional collaboration and knowledge management of civil servants
ePractice.eu (www.epractice.eu)Jurispedia (http://jurispedia.org )LawGuruWiki (http://wiki.lawguru.com)
Increasing user-involvement and social empowerment
MyBikeLane (www.mybikelane.com)Fixmystreet (www.fixmystreet.com) Theyworkforyou (www.theyworkforyou.com)FarmSubsidy (http://farmsubsidy.org)Followthemoney (www.followthemoney.eu)
Innovating organisational and regulatory dynamics
Intellipedia (www.intelligence.gov)Peer-to-patent (www.peertopatent.org)Creative commons & OpenLaw initiativesEU projects: Lexipation, CitizenScape, TID
Governance implications of Social Computing
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010
Governance Challenges
Increased sensitivity to non-state proposals
and interactions
Managing heterogenous
dynamics
Integrating Legacy in perpetual
change
Seamless arbitration
and regulation
Boundary issuesBoundary issues Legal issuesLegal issues
Technical issuesTechnical issuesManagement issuesManagement issues
Source: Misuraca, 2009
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Time
PoliciesLandmarks
1999
Readiness- Strategy
- Awareness- Infrastructure- Digital divide
Availability- Maturity stage- User centric
- Pan-European Back-office
- Interoperability- Service sharing
2005
Impact - Efficiency
- Effectiveness- Take up
- User satisfaction
User centricity- Empowerment- Inclusive eGov
- Web 2.0
2006-08
Governance- Policy modeling
- Participation- Web 2.0
2009-102004
Lisbon Review
eEurope 2005
eEurope 2002
i2010
FP7 & CIP
EU eGov Policy focus evolution
Source: Codagnone & Osimo, European Commission, 2008
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 18
EU Policy Context for Future eGov
eGovernment Ministerial Declaration (Malmö, Sweden, November 2009)EU Swedish Presidency Conclusions from Visby Conference (Nov. 2009)
The Granada Strategy for a Digital Europe (April 2010, EU Presidency)
Granada Ministerial Declaration on the European Digital Agenda: Agreed on 19 April 2010
A Digital Agenda for Europe COM(2010)245 – 19.05.2010to deliver sustainable economic and social benefits from a Single Market based on fast and ultra fast Internet and interoperable applications
Digital Agenda Implementation Guidelines
eGovernment Action Plan (currently under development)
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eGoverment in the Digital Agenda
EU Member States are committed to making user-centric, personalised, multi-platform eGovernment services a widespread reality by 2015
Develop and deploy cross-border public services onlineImplement seamless eProcurement services Mutual recognition of eIdentification and eAuthenticationMake eGovernment services fully interoperable
Overcoming organizational, technical and semantic barriersSupporting IPv6 implementationApply the EIF at national level by 2013
Trust and Security in the Digital SocietyEuropeans will not embrace technology they do not trust – the digital age is neither ‘big brother’ nor ‘cyber wild west’
Enhancing digital literacy, skills and inclusionThe digital era should be about empowerment and emancipation; background or skills should not be a barrier to accessing this potentialInclusive digital services
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 20
Open Governance in the Digital Europe
eCommission Action Plan on open and transparent eGovernment at EC level
ICT-enabled benefits for the EU societySmart use of technology and exploitation of information will help us to address the grand challenges facing society like climate change and the ageing population
Open Government Action Plan (Granada Strategy)Promote transparency and citizens’ participationFacilitate access to and re-use of PSIPromote organisational, legal and technical mechanisms to ensureimplementation of eGovernment strategies (Lisbon Treaty, section 197) EU Citizens rights framework Digital services that favour citizen mobilityeGovernment solutions in order to improve efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability in the provision of public services
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 21
Governance of the Digital Agenda
Source: A Digital Agenda for Europe – COM(2010)245
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 22
From information overload to collective intelligenceEnsuring trustValidity and reliability of informationProtection of personal identity data
“Power of information is nothing without control”Managing volatility Unleash user control (self management is a viable assumption?)Managing participation overload & Scalability of user involvement
Emergence of techno-elitesHarnessing the role of neutral instigators (and dealing with not so neutral ones)
Dealing with issues of data protection and competition in UGCMaximise PPP in social innovation of public services
The policymakers’ dilemmas
Redefine Institutional Designs & Governance models
Source: Lusoli, Misuraca, 2009
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 23
Beyond i-2010 eGov Scenarios
Medium
Governance/Service Delivery
Soci
ety:
dig
ital i
nclu
sion
Full
Open to 3 rdparties
NO GOVERNMENT
Government only
ONE STOP ccGOV
SILOS GOVERNMENT
TAO GOVERNMENT
users
government
Source: Codagnone & Osimo, European Commission, 2008
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 24
Policy Recommendations for Future eGov
Strategic level: invest in ICTs allowing better integration, visualisation and modelling of information on the need of constituencies to improve policies and service design
Managerial and operational back-office level: invest in simpler ICTsto lower the organisational bottleneck to cross-agencies integrationsmaking possible the cooperation between public and private sector
Front office operational level: invest in futuristic human/computer interaction applications to lower users’ barriers and increase consumption
At general level: adopt easy and simple technologies that make cheaper to provide more and better information and services
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 25
CROSSROAD Visionary Scenarios:Digital Europe 2030
Source: Misuraca, 2010, CROSSROAD – Draft Visionary Scenarios Design D.2.1, CROSSROAD Workshop, Seville, 29-30 April 2010)
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 26
The School of Athens, Raphael (1483-1520)
Governance
United Nations Public Service Forum (UNPSA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 21-23 June 2010 27
Challenges ahead
Nykodymus (photobucket.com)
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gianluca.misuraca@ec.europa.eu
http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu