US Expansion to 1800

US after Louisiana Purchase

US Expansion 13 original state 7 free , 6 slave 9 states added since original 13 1791-1819

Free Slave VT-1791 KY-1792 OH-1803 TN-1796 IN-1816 LA-1812 IL-1818 MS-1817

AL-1819 22 state total by 1819 11 free 11 slave

Factors in Expansion Population doubles from 1800-1820

5.3 million to 9.6 million Farming practices demanded it

no crop rotation wore out soil Plantation system limits availability

Availability of cheap land Land act of 1820--80 acres $1.25 per acre Easy credit from Bank of US, state banks Natives were subdued east of Mississippi

Internal Improvements Steam Boats opened up Ohio & Mississippi

valleys National or Cumberland Road- Maryland to Illinois

Senatorial Crisis

MO applied for statehood in 1819 as a SLAVE State first state carved entirely out of LA Purchase

Tallmadge (NY) amendment forbid further importation of slaves into MO Provided for gradual emancipation of slaves in

MO Infuriated south—threat to their livelihood

Northern attempt to limit slavery—dangerous precedent

Throw off balance in Senate Threatened secession

Congress adjourns before senate acts

The Missouri Compromise 1820 congress reconvenes

ME had applied for statehood—free state Congress compromised

ME—admitted as free state MO—admitted as slave state

Retained balance in the Senate for now 12 Slave states 12 free states

Thomas (IL) Amendment No slavery north of 36° 30' in LA Purchase Most southern congressmen voted against

compromise, but it was passed along with Missouri statehood

What’s wrong with this picture?

What’s right with this picture?

Foreshadowing:

Jefferson: [with slavery, we have] “a wolf by

the ears, and we can neither hold him nor safely let him go”

John Quincy Adams: “I take it for granted that the present

question is merely a preamble—a title page to a great, tragic volume”

Problems much larger territory north of 36° 30'

than below it (senate)balance would be upset sooner or

later separate set of laws for N and S

dividing country across a line Runaway slave question-what happens

to them? Returned? Free? no provisions for future purchases Puts off issue just as Constitution did Forget about it for 30 years or so

Monroe Doctrine the American continents, by the free and independent

condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . .

It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference.

Monroe Doctrine-4 factors US wants to expand its territory

Russia, Britain both threaten that Spain’s empire crumbling

Mexico, Columbia want diplomatic recognition Great Britain was the biggest threat to US

interests Dominate trade, military threat

Growth of US industry demanded that US dominate trade with Latin America