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A PROJECT REPORT ON
USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SELF HELP GROUP OF MAHARASHTRA , IN
WARDHA AND DHULIA DISTRICT FOR ACCOUNTING
BY
SMT SWATI RAHATEKAR DUDHALE
Enrolment No: 146081744.
(July 2014 for the course PGDRD)
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
PROF. T.V.Mahadevan
SUBMITTED TO
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NEW DEHLI.
POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT(PGDRD)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take the opportunity to express our gratitude to all the concerned people
who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of this
project. I extend my sincere gratitude towards.
For providing the opportunity and resources to work on this project.
I would like to express my gratitude to the Director of the institute and
internal Project Councilor Prof. T.V. Mahadevan and my course
Coordinator Prof. Ibrahim Jahagirdar with whose guidance I decided to
undertake said project faculty of whose insight encouraged me to go beyond
the scope of the project and this broadened me learning on this project.
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PREFACE
Only literacy is not sufficient in women empowerment, financial literacy is also important
and needful for every rural and urban women. Women’s are organized, independent and
empowered through Self Help Group Movement. This is the fact, but now they need to
connect with 20th
centuries era and next step to came in to string with technology.
As the SHG Accounting is a difficult task to minimum level educated women. Like a mini
bank they have to maintain manually members saving, loan-disbursement, repayment,
bank loan, member ledger etc. After Book keeping training and some practice they were
trained but it is time taking and rigorous process. If they receive assistance from
technology to maintain books of account. then they will be able to handle huge volume of
SHG financial transaction and became a independent to take any financial decision as well
as reporting to block ,state level bank, government agencies ,NGOs ,individual SHG to
entire programme..
NABARD bank is upscale the project on E-Book Keeping and MIS System, based on
Web and Tablet. The use of Advance Technology on Web & Tablet based SHG
Accounting & MIS System improved women confidence, transparency, performance and
financial literacy level.
The Stake holders of SHG movement and Women Empowerment like Government, Bank,
NGOs, Individuals and forum now need to understand and purposely adopt advance
technology of SHG Accounting & MIS System for development and financial literacy of
women.
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DECLARATION.
I Smt. Swati Rahatekar Dudhale,Student of India Gandhi Open University
(Centre Pune) here by solemnly declare that the project title” Use of
Technology in Self Help Group of Maharashtra In Wardha And Dhulia
District for SHG Accounting” is my original as all the information, facts and
figure in this report is based on my own experience and study during my
diploma course.
PLACE:PUNE Smt. Swati Rahatekar Dudhale
DATE: PGDRD
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CERTIFICATE
I Certify that this Project Report “Use of Technology in Self Help Group of
Maharashtra In Wardha and Dhulia District for Accounting”. Submitted to
the Indira Gandhi Open University, New Delhi, For Award of PGDRD
Diploma, is a record of independent research work carried out by Smt. Swati
Rahatekar Dudhle, Manger at Leaps & Bounds Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Pune.
Under my supervision and guidance This has not been previously submitted
for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship or other similar title.
Pune. Prof T.V.Mahadevan
Date: Research Counselor
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CERTIFICATE
I Certify that this Project Report “Use of Technology in Self Help Group of
Maharashtra In Wardha and Dhulia District for Accounting”. Submitted to
the Indira Gandhi Open University, New Delhi, For Award of PGDRD
Diploma, is a record of independent research work carried out by Smt. Swati
Rahatekar Dudhle, Manger at Leaps & Bounds Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Pune.
Under my supervision and guidance This has not been previously submitted
for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship or other similar title.
Pune. Prof. Ebrahim Jahagirdar
Date: Course Coordinator
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INDEX
Cover Page………………………………………………………………………………..1.
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………..2.
Preface…………………………………………………………………………………….3.
Declaration………………………………………………………………………………..4.
Certificate……………………………………………………………………………….5-6
1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..8-9
2.Executive Summery/Background…………………………………………………10-12
3.Challenges & Requirement For SHG In Book Keeping…………………………13-14
4.Need For Digitization………………………………………………………………15-16
5.Bringing Technology To the SHG………………………………………………...17-18
6.Methodology Of Study……………………………………………………………..19-24
7.Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………….25-44
8.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….44-45
9.Recommendation/Additional Recommendation…………………………………46-47
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..48
Apendices-1 Questionnaire …………………………………………………………49-54
2 Tablet Photographs.…………………………………………………..55-57
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Self Help Group (SHG) is now a well known concept. It is now almost two
decade old . It is reported that the SHGs have a role in hastening country’s
economic development. SHGs have now evolved as a movement.
SHG Accounting & MIS
The micro-credit programme for the self help groups(SHG) started way back
in 1992. Till now almost 75 lakh SHGs are linked to Banks and have
received finance more than Rs.31,200 corers from Banks. Now SHGs are
looking after their own small or big needs from SHG movement. Some
Women have started their own micro-enterprises business. SHGs loan
repayment is almost 98%, due to which Banks & Financial institutions are
interested in giving finance to these groups.
Accounting.
However till date 2011 it is found that SHGs are deprived of ‘Financial
Literacy’ per say. Lack of proper account keeping is major area of concern in
sustainability of SHGs. They do keep records of financial transactions but
don’t understand the basics of accounting & can’t produce financial records
asked by banks for loan purposes. Although SHG accounts are simple, the
problem arises as majority of SHG members are illiterate or semiliterate.
Majority of SHG members do not understand terms such as balance sheet or
profit and loss account. Even they do not understand clearly of financial
position of their own SHG. If they are provided proper tools of accounting
then it will boost the SHG movement further to new heights. It will help
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overall Banking System as well, reduce SHGs dependence on external
support and make SHG as sustainable institution. it will speed up the process
of financial deliveries. For SHGs , even up to member level they can
understand Profit/Loss & start dividend sharing among them.
MIS
As the volume of Self Help Groups is rising sharply, the quantitative and
qualitative information gathering and analysis of that information is
becoming a cumbersome task. Therefore Government, Banks, NGOs,
NABARD and International Funding agencies are feeling the need of some
kind of assistance for monitoring & evaluation of these groups. The
software application can definitely help into timely monitoring and
evaluation of SHGs progress and can give the indications of the
trends/condition of the individual SHG to entire programme.
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CHAPTER-2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/BACKGROUND:
In 1991-92 NABARD started promoting self-help groups on a large scale.
And it was the real take-off point for the SHG Movement In 1993. The
Reserve Bank of India also allowed SHG to open saving accounts in banks.
Facility of availing bank services was a major boost to the movement.
Now nearly 560 Banks & Organizations like NABARD, Bank of
Maharashtra, State Bank of India, Cooperative Banks ,Regional rural banks,
the Government Institutions like Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal(Mavim).
District Rural Development Agency(DRDA),Municipal Corporations and
more than 3,024 NGOs are collectively and actively involved in the
promotion of SHG.
SSSafter promotion by NABARD and other bank for the SHG movement , it is a
challenge to all SHG’s to produce their books of accounts to the bank.
accurately.
Defining Self-Help Groups in India.
A Self-Help Group(SHG) is informal and self managed voluntary group of
12-20 individuals, usually women from a common village or neighborhood
who are engaged in credit and savings activities operating on principles of
mutuality and solidarity. This model essentially formalizes and supports
existing informal savings funds that have operated in villages for hundreds of
years. Supported and nurtured by India’s National Bank for Agriculture and
Rural Development (NABARD), the SHG program in India gained
popularity in the early 1990’s and reaches more than 16 million households
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today. The goal of SHG is “ To reduce the economic vulnerability of its
members using pool resources and collective strength” SHGs are formed to
achieve the following Objectives.:
To access available and affordable credit for consumption and
production needs of the members
To inculcate a savings habit among members, providing for income
smoothing through out the year.
SHGs accumulate pools of money through their own savings. Eventually they
may also access loans form banks and other commercial institutions. This
money is redistributed within the group as loans, to be repaid with interest at
regularly scheduled group meetings. Most SHG transactions are conducted
during these meeting, This includes monthly subscriptions by each member,
savings deposits and withdrawals, loan disbursements and repayments, and
transactions related to other financial products of group functions.
A SHG is composed of members and two elected representatives, the
President and Treasure, SHG decisions are taken during group meetings by
consensus among the members and representatives. These include decisions
regarding the following issues:
-Minimum level of attendance for members.
-Framing group and members responsibility for various activities.
-Framing the mode of conduct of meeting.
-Deciding procedures for amendments to the rules and regulations.
-Setting quorum requirements for decision making.
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-Fixing regular subscription amount for the members.
-Fixing interest rates on member loans.
-Setting a penalty for late repayment of loans.
-Setting a penalty for late payment of subscriptions
-Setting administration fees for loan processing.
-Deciding minimum cash-in-hand to be maintained by the SHG.
*Monthly subscription are member contributions to the group’s rotating fund.
These can only be liquidated at the closing of a group.
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CHAPTER-3
CHALLENGES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR BOOK KEEPING IN
SHGs:
Book keeping is a difficult task for SHGs. Most SHG members are
minimally educated, and may be illiterate or semi-literate. Regardless, every
SHG should be aware of the status of its outstanding loans to members, the
status of its loans from external institutions, and the member payments due at
the next meeting.
This information is required for financial planning, pursuing delinquent
payments, and deciding whether to issue further loan to a member. Knowing
the credit history of each member helps in deciding upon future loan
disbursements. Accurate and timely bookkeeping ensures that accounting
procedure are followed and are in compliance with the rules of the SHG.
The reporting of financial information is also vital task and is crucial for
accurately representing the SHG to outside agencies. Financial reports
indicate the profitability and financial position of the group and can be used
by banks and other commercial financial institution to judge the credit
worthiness of a SHG.
There are many other potential users of this information., In addition to the
SHG and financial institutions, The SHG promoting institution (SHPI) can
use performance reports to target training and capacity building activities and
apex level agencies such as NABARD (National Bank For Agricultural and
Rural Development), SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India)
and RBI (Reserve Bank of India) can use aggregated reports to judge the
overall health of the SHG industry.
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Bookkeeping and Management Information Systems.
To maximize the benefits, group-level bookkeeping must be linked with a
Management Information System(MIS) that helps each stakeholder in
making effective and efficient decisions, The goal of a Management
Information System is to provide accurate and timely information for making
decisions. The quality of an MIS for managing SHGs depends on the quality
of the following components
SHG Bookkeeping
Standard records maintained at the SHG level include the members’
passbooks, receipts, vouchers, ledgers, etc These records provide the raw
data that feeds into the MIS. Their accuracy and timely maintenance
determine the overall quality and usefulness of the MIS
Financial Statements.
Standard financial statements such as the Receipts and Payments statement,
Income and Expenditure Statement and the balance sheet inform the SHG
and its observers about the SHG and its observers about the SHG’s financial
position. Timely preparation of these reports ensures that all stakeholders are
vigilant about the group’s position and any irregularities.
Other Reports.
Well-designed reports can help all stakeholders in the decision making
process. Reports should be designed to provide the most pertinent
information for a particular process or task. They should be prepared on a
regular basis to ensure that the most up-to-date information is available when
making decisions.
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CHAPTER-4
THE NEED FOR DIGITIZATION:
The need for digitization of records of SHGs has been felt for quite some
time due to problems in manual book keeping. Transparent and proper
maintenance of records of SHGs will facilitate nurturing and strengthening of
SHGs and will lead to enhanced confidence among the members as also in
the banks.
Poor rural community and members of SHGs, Self Help Promoting
Institutions (SHPIs), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) Banks,
NABARD, Government Development Department and agencies like SLRMs,
NLRM etc. will be stakeholders of the project. At a later stage, Credit
Bureaus may also be brought on board.
Digital empowerment will help in bringing SHGs on a common web based e-
platform by making book keeping easy for low literacy clients. This will help
in promoting national agenda of Financial Inclusion and pave the way for
credibility of SHG data which can later be fed in to Credit Bureaus to address
the issues related to multiple and excess financing by banks.
Digitization of microfinance sector, including that of SHG-BLP is very
essential. At the SHG level, Since book keeping has been an area of concern,
integration of information technology will be useful for improving efficiency
and monitoring technological interventions at different levels i.e. at SHG
level, SHPI level, Bank level and at National Level are envisaged. While
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using technology. Efforts to be made to keep it simple and user friendly so as
to enhance client comfort accuracy and ease the work process at branch level.
Objectives:
1.To study the introduction of digitization of accounting.
2. To study the present accounting system used by the SHG.
3. To study the usefulness of the software used by NABARD for the use of
SHG Accounting.
4. To study the impact of these software for the usefulness and its benefits to
SHG.
Objectives of Digitization.
To bring in transparency in the book keeping process by enhancing trust
among the group members .
As observing and evaluating SHG accounting task is difficult to SHG
member and other stake holder various pilot project implemented to develop
SHG Accounting & MIS System as mention below
NABARD gave 3 pilots in 2012
Tablet based in Nandurbar, Maharashtra
Mobile based in Tamilnadu
POS machine based in West Bengal
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CHAPTER-5
BRINGING TECHNOLOGY TO THE SHGs
In an attempt to bring the benefits of the information technology to rural
poor, NABARD launched three Pilots Projects using ICT based solutions
to streamline the accounting and book keeping in SHGs.
A. Mobile based accounting system
This system help SHG’s to maintain their financial transaction
electronically in their local language and allows monitoring of the same by
all stakeholders was implemented for 100 SHGs in Dharampuri district of
Tamil Nadu. Under this system, SHGs update their transactions, meeting
details by sending SMS from their mobile phones which is loaded with the
software developed by NABARD. The data gets updated in the website in
real time which can be accessed by all stakeholders with individual Login
Ids. After the success of the pilot to the satisfaction of all stakeholders, the
project has been up scaled for 10,000 SHGs. The Technology Service
provider in collaboration with the Self-help promoting institutions (SHPI)
will impart training and technical support. The SHGs will be charged
Rs.35/-per month for the services. NABARD has sanctioned Rs. 12.00
Lac as grant for bearing a part of SHGs monthly charges for first two
years.
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B. Tablet PC based accounting system for SHG’s.
This is also a web-based solution ,designed to monitor the day to day
transactions of SHGs and MIS on a real time basis by entering data in
tablet PC. Each tablet PC caters to 35 SHGs. The field staff of NGO
records the transactions and the SHGs get a copy of the records by paying
fees. The pilot was successfully completed in January 2013 in 100 SHGs
of Nandurbar district of Maharashtra. The project has now been up scaled
for 50000 of SHGs Where NABARD will give grant assistance up to Rs
60 Lac to bear part of the monthly charges of SHGs in the first two years.
The SHGs will pay a flat rate of Rs 40- every month for the services for
next three years.
C. Web Based MIS for tracking SHPIs.
NABARD launched a web based application for real time updating of the
progress made by its assisted SHPIs in formation and credit linkage of
SHGs. The website www.nabardshg.in also monitors progress of
programmes like WSHG, Priyadarshini and RGMVP. The SHPIs upload
their progress after registration and can download important circulars,
training materials, etc. State wise, district wise, project wise and SHPI
wise reports can be generated on real time basis. As on 30 September
2014, 2942 partner SHPIs had registered and up-dated their progress in the
website.
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CHAPTER-6
METHODOLOGY OF STUDY: -
1 Methodology.
Through NGOs and Government institutes are promoting SHGs on a large
scale. It is necessary to choose the sample and sample size properly.
2. Sample.
It was random sampling for the study, 35 SHG Women Accountant from 2
district were selected randomly .Through this process 2 districts of
Maharashtra were covered. Data were as collected using questionnaires for
interviews of individuals and head of the MIS Unit. Number of interviews
held with 35 individuals form 6 blocks and 10 different villages. To collect
data and information concerning the objectives stated in the previous chapter,
Questionnaires were administered for the SHG Village Organization
accountant.
Table Showing Total Distribution.
District Individuals
Dhule 17 wardha 18 Total 35
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3. The criteria used for sample selection.
Though the SHG accounting & MIS system activity help financial
empowerment & skill development of women., the change in their familial
and social status and sense of organizational bonding, the awakening of self
confidence and self-respect as well as social and economical awareness .
SHG accountant should have sufficient experience of maintaining SHG
books of accounts, Hence the following criteria were used for sample
selection.
1) The SHG tablet user should be 6 to 24 month old.
2) The sample should be represents to entire project. Hence we tried to
cover all talukas and tahshil of the districts.
3) 5 SHG accountant from each block of district were selected. All shg
accountant were interviewed. As the end user of SHG Accounting
Tablet base Software were from Rural area.
4) The information about the all two project ,who have promoted these
SHG accounting tablet base software user collected for the study. The
project promoted by stakeholder like Banks, Government institutes
were also selected in the sample.
4. Tools. There are very few studies ,related to SHG Accounting Technologies
conducted by government and banks.
Similarly articles and reports are published in Newspapers and periodicals.
SHG Promoting Institutes, Bank , Ngo’s also publish their annual describing
the gains of the activity.
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Literature was studied while preparing the tools for the study, Two types of
tools were used for the study.
They were:
Interviews
Questionnaire
Qualitative as well as quantitative method of data collection was used. To
achieve the purpose ,questionnaires for the study of individual were prepared.
5. Interviews
Qualitative as well as Quantitative method of data collection was used. To
achieve the purpose, questionnaires were prepared for the study of individual,
group. Total two interviews for the studies were held, they are included in the
report, Because they are most perfect and give profile of SHG Accounting
and Monitoring web & Tab based software.
As the SHG accountant women were literate ( 10th pass well versed with read
and write) all the members were interviewed, with the help of the
questionnaires.
6. The Questionnaire.
By studying the questionnaires that are used in the various studies related to
the SHG Accounting activity and the experiences of the SHG promoters the
questionnaires were prepared.
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A)The questionnaire for individual study.
The questionnaire for individual study contains 20 questions, out of them all
questions are fixed alternative type. The options of answers are given and the
individuals have to choose one of the options. The remaining questions are
open ended the questionnaire progresses form general to specific questions.
The first part of the questionnaire contains the individual information like
name, address and age, educational qualification of the member.
The second part of the questionnaire covers the following points:
1) About the manually accounting of the group.
2) About the problem faces for maintaining the account.
3) Time taking process.
4) Errors in manual accounting
5) Using Tablet for accounting.
6) Learning Technology.
7) Save time & energy .
8) Double the performance.
9) Permanent use in future.
10) At a glance report of SHGs.
11)All member aware about their financial transaction in time.
12) Increase Social status, self Confidence ,
13) Real time data .
14) Work proof.
The questionnaire used for data collection are given in the Appendices. The
language of the questionnaire was English.
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C) Case Studies
As a Domain & Training Expert (of ASP Company) I have conducted
following Two project case studies.
1)SHG E-Book Keeping Pilot Project at Wardha district of Maharashtra
(Project implemented by Maharashtra State Rural Livelihood Mission,)
In the present world, mobile phones and tablets are considered revolutionary
concepts to flow the data. because of that, Mission Umed feels that a tablet
based E-Book Keeping system for SHGs would be a great help for SHGs as a
complementary or stand alone E-Book Keeping System with the tablets, there
can be a web based solution, designed to monitor the day to day activities
along with MIS on a real time basis. Data can be entered at local sites in the
village level through tables as and when either at completion of financial
transaction or monthly activity, Graphical as well as analytical reports will
help to monitor the particular SHG at Micro level.
For the pilot purpose of SHG e-bookkeeping activity, three blocks
Deoli,Wardha and Seloo of Wardha district are selected. In these three blocks
Mission Umed is working with around 2000 SHGs federated under
approximately 160 village organization.(VOs)
2) SHG Accounting and MIS System –Project at Dhulia district of
Maharashtra (Project Implemented by( Lupin Human Welfare & Research
Foundation)
Lupin Human Welfare & Research Foundation (LHWRF) is an independent
entity of Lupin Limited, implementing Lupin CSR activities all over India.
This organization has been registered under Societies Act/ Trust act and
exempted under 35 AC and 80 G. LHWRF is also entitled to take foreign
funding through its Foreign Contribution Regulation Act account.
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Lupin CSR activity implemented in Dhulia district of Maharashtra .
Technology and skill development ,Conversions is one of the main objective
of LHWRF.
Under NABARD ADD ON SHG Linkages programme Lupin form around
5000 SHGs and for the purpose of SHG Accounting & MIS System four
blocks Shirpur, Sakri, Sindkheda & Dhulia of Dhulia district are Selected .
.
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CHAPTER-7
DATA ANALYSIS
1)Summary of Finding and Conclusion.
2)Summary of result individuals interviewer
In Two districts of the state of Maharashtra, the questionnaire was
administered to 35 SHG Accountant from 60 SHG.
Part1-of the questionnaire administered to the individuals–tables &
description.
Table no.1
:the experience of SHG Accountant from when they start work.
0-12 Month
12-36 36-60 Total
13
22 None 35
33%
77% 0% 100%
Thus it shows that out of 100% women using tablet .
77% of women have more than one year experience of using tablet .
33% women have less than 12 month experience.
33%
77%
0%
Using Tablet
0-12 Month
12-36 Month
36-60 Month
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Table No 2:
the problem faces in maintaining the Books of Accounts Manually
Lack of
Accuracy
Time consuming
process
Errors in
Record
Mobility Total
9 8 11 7 35
26%
23% 31% 20% 100%
Thus following problems were observed in manual accounting.
26% Lack of Accuracy .
23%Time Consuming.
31% Errors in record.
20% Mobility.
All above problem were equally faced by respondent .these four are the
major problems.
26%
23% 31%
20%
Manual Accounting
Lack of Accuracy
Time Taking
Errors
Mobility
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Table No : 3
Is Groups monthly meeting target achieved or not?
Strongly
agree
Moderately
agree
Cant Say Strongly
Disagree
Moderately
Disagree
Total
4 5 17 6 4 35
10% 10% 50% 20% 10% 100%
It Shows groups monthly meeting completed out of 100% women
10%women strongly agree
10% Moderately agree.
50% Cant Say.
20% Strongly Disagree.
10% Moderately Disagree.
Conclusion: Groups Monthly Meeting is mandatory for members, above data
shows 50% of them cant say ,only 10% women agree for Monthly Meeting
target( completion).
0% 5%
10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Monthly meeting in time
Monthly meeting in time
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Table No: 4
Percetage of Balance Sheet Prepare For Each Self Help Group.
Yes No Total
31 4 35
90% 10% 100%
It shows out of 100% group member Prepare Balance Sheet as
90% group women Yes.
10% group women No.
Conclusion:
Maximum groups prepare Balance sheet .Balance Sheet is most important
document for groups accounting, 10% of groups which form in current period
they need to prepare balance sheet after some time.
90%
10%
Balance sheet for each Self Help Group
Yes
No
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Table No 5:
Time required to update SHG BOA manually
1-8hour
1 day 1 week 1 month Total
16
13 6 none 35
46%
37% 17% 0% 100%
According to the above data ,it is clear that out of 100% women
46% women took 1-8 hour to update BOA manually,
37% Accountant take minimum one day and
17 % of 35 require one week to update the record.
Conclusion:
It is observed that , If all Monthly transactions are completed, For manual
book keeping 1 to 8 hour minimum time is required. other wise it will take
one day. if one Group member could not attend the meeting, if one of them
out of village in that circumstances it will take more than one week also.
46%
37%
17%
0%
1-3 hours
one day
One week
One Month
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Table No: 6
Table implying that Manual SHG Accounting is Difficult Task
Strongly Agree
Moderately
Agree
Cant Say Total
23
12 None 35
66%
33% 1% 100%
Thus it show that
66% SHG Accountant strongly agree that Manually SHG Accounting is
difficult task
33% accountant moderately agree.
1% Cant Say.
Conclusion:
To maintain all Records such as SHG saving, repayment loan, Interest,
Member account, bank balance, cash in hand it is a really difficult task .
66%
33%
1%
Dificult task
Strongly Agree
Moderately Agree
Cant Say
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Table No:7
Table shows feelings before using tablet pc.
Scared Doubtful Curious Total
7 14 14 35
20% 40% 40% 100%
According to above data it shows out of 100% women
20% women was Scared.
40% of them Doubtful.
40% women Curious.
Conclusion:
Actually Software is user friendly but before using they have not any idea
and technically not trained that’s why they were feel scared, Doubtful and
curious.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Scared. Doubtful. curious.
Feelings Before Using Tablet pc.
feel Before using tablet pc.
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Table No:8
Time period since the members started using tablets..
One month
Six month One Year Two Year Total
None
20 5 10 35
0%
57 % 14 % 29 % 100%
Thus it show that out of 100% women respondent
57 % SHG accountant use tablet from six month ,
14 % women form one year and
29 % women are using tablet form two year.
Conclusion:
NABARD started upscale the project from 2011 at national level after
successfully implementation of Tablet based Pilot project With Nandurbar
District Central Cooperative Bank For SHG Accounting and MIS system.
Now the volume of Tablet User showing above figures in two districts of
Maharashtra with 60 SHG accountant.
0%
57%
14%
29% One Month
Six Month
One Year
Two Year
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Table No : 9 Table showing time required to enter the monthly data through tablet
15Minute
30Minute 45Minute Total
21
14 None 35
60%
40% 0% 100%
It show that out of 100% Women respondent
60% of SHG accountant entered monthly data in 15 minute ,
40% in 30 Minute .
0% One Hour.
Conclusion :
While interviewing Tablet user women they explained that if record is up to
date then within 15 minute one month transaction is entered. If record is
incomplete then it will take more 15 minute. Majority of women completed
their monthly record in 15 minute ,while manually it will take one hour to
three hour.
60%
40%
0%
Time Requir
15-30 minute
30-45 miniut
One Hour
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Table No:10
Satisfaction % with Report Generated from Tablet
Yes
No Total
33
2 35
94%
6 % 100%
Thus it show that out of 100% women respondent .
Nearly 96% SHG accountant satisfied with tablet generated report .
6% accountant want more report.
Conclusion:
While interviewing it was observed that they are satisfied with tablet
generated report .
94%
6%
Yes
No
- 35 -
Table No:11
Usability of Tablet Permanently?
Yes
No Total
34
1 35
97%
3% 100%
.
Thus it show that out of 100% women respondent
Nearly 100% women like to use tablet permanently for SHG accounting
Conclusion:
They are very happy to skip the manual record keeping slowly , After some
time no need to maintain Register and Books of Account.
97%
3%
Using Tablet Permanently
Yes
No
- 36 -
Table No:12
Features of SHG Accounting & MIS System
Features Transparency
Accuracy Mobility Safety Confidential
Responses 25
24 30 35 35
Percentage 71% 69% 86% 100% 100%
Women who are using tablet mention the feature that is
71 %,Transparency
69 %,Accuracy
86 %,Mobility
100 %, safety.
100 %,Confidentiality.
Conclusion:
The Utility of the software shows 70 – 100 % means it must reliable and
accurate as well as safe and confidential.
20%
23%
14%
23%
20%
Transparancy
Accuracy
Mobility
Safety
Confidentiality
- 37 -
Table No:13
Table shows changes with group member after using tablet pc on monthly
transaction.
Regular
Saving
Regular
Repayment
Increase
Attendance in
Monthly Meeting
Strengthening of the
Group
29 29 21 17
80% 80% 60% 50%
80% group regular saving.
80% groups repay loan regularly
60%Member attendance increase in monthly meeting
50% groups strengthen
Conclusion:
after using tablet for Groups monthly transaction. it generate real time &
transparent report, so because of transparency above changes ,regularity
occurred with group member. It will help to strengthening the groups.
80%
80%
60%
50%
Changes with group member
Regular Saving
Regular Repayment
Increase Attendance in Monthly Meeting
Strengthening of the Group.
- 38 -
Table No:14
Changes occurred in SHG women Accountant.
Using
Tablet
Increase
d in
confiden
ce level
Increas
ed in
literacy
level
Increased in
the rate of
Maintaining
Independent
Account
Increased
in co-
ordination
among
members
Increased
self status
Total
Before 10% 5% 5% 10% 5%
9 5 6 8 7 35
After 26%
14% 17% 23% 20% 100%
Conclusion:
1) After using the Tablet Total confidence level increased by 16%.
2)There was increased in literacy rate by 9%.
3)Improvement by 12% in the rate of maintaining separate account.
4) Co-ordination between the members increased by 13% .
5) Self status increased by 15%.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
changes after using tablet
changes after using tablet
- 39 -
Table No:15
Need of reports from the given options to be generated in this software?
Type of
Training
SHG Gradation Product Marketing
29 17 29
80% 50% 80%
1) 80% of women Accountant need type of training report generated form
S/w
2) 50% respondent for SHG Gradation Report.
3) 80% Women Accountant need For Product Marketing through S/W.
Conclusion:
This is the additional report which they want to generate form SHG
Accounting S/W.
80%
50%
80%
More Report From S/W
Type of Training
SHG Gradation.
Product Marketing.
- 40 -
Table No:16
you came across any alternative technology used for SHG accounting
before?.
Yes No Total
07 28 35
20% 80% 100%
Women Respondent use any technology or S/W before this
1) 10% Accountant Came across with other technology before this.
2) 90% Women Accountant never know before.
Conclusion:
Tablet based SHG Accounting Software first time introduced in Maharashtra,
Other than this Desk Top based Software in practices in some project.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Yes No
Any Other Technology
Any Other Technology
- 41 -
Table No:17
problem’s faced while using the software?
Yes No Total
04 31 35
10% 90% 100%
While using the tablet by SHG Accountant
10% of them faces the problems.
90% of them not have any problem.
Conclusion:
While Using tablet by SHG Accountant there is no any problem faced, only
some of them because of connectivity , device or operating problem faces.
10%
90%
0
Problems in the S/W
Yes
No
- 42 -
Table No:18
Percentage of Less the paper work ?
Yes No Total
21 14 35
60% 40% 100%
Thus it shows Out of 100% respondent
60% SHG accountant say Yes.
40% SHG accountant Say No.
Conclusion:
Uses of Tablet to maintain SHG Books of Accounts it reduces the paper work
beside maintaining various books for documentation and data base for each
group. After some time ( one year) there is no need to maintain various
books.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Yes No
Less Paper Work
Less Paper Work
- 43 -
Table No:19
Financial report helpful to bankers and offices.?
Yes No Total
28 07 35
80% 20% 100%
Thus it shows out of 100% women respondent,
80% Says financial report is helpful.
20% respondent say No.
Conclusion:
It is observed that 80% of SHG Accountant says that the report generated
from software is suitable to bankers and government officials to sanction the
loan or funds. only 20% is not suitable due to technical problems.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Yes No
financial report helpful to bankers and Govt.
financial report helpful to bankers and Govt.
- 44 -
Table No:20
ready to teach software to group member
Yes No Total
34 1 35
99% 1% 100
It shows that out of 100% SHG accountant
99% SHG Accountant ready .
Only 1% SHG Accountant say No
Conclusion:
It is a hand holding process of software to SHG Group Member, so while
interviewing with SHG Accountant all are ready to hand holding the process
to group member. ownership of Device and Software remain with Groups
Only.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Yes No
ready to teach software to group member
ready to teach software to group member
- 45 -
CHAPTER - 8
CONCLUSION
By Using NABARD SHG Accounting Software it help Self Help
Group Accounting, which Boost Up the SHG Women.
Manual SHG Accounting is difficult task for SHG women.
Real time data is not available If record is not updated.
Transparency is maintained in Web & Tab based SHG Accounting
while transparency is not maintained in manual SHG book keeping.
Rectification can made easily in SHG Accounting Software, Receive
accurate record of SHG.
Financial literacy level increases by Use of Tablet Software ,now they
can take their decision faster.
Because of Visible transaction on tablet of each member, monthly
meeting present increases., meeting starts time and the accumulation
of saving, repayment money in time.
Every member can see their SHG account information in a one click.
- 46 -
Available separate login for stakeholder, so they can get General,
financial, statistical information at SHG, Member ,block, district, State
& National Level.
Government, Bankers, NGOs, can receive consolidated
report/information immediately.
- 47 -
CHAPTER-9
RECOMMENDATION
Use of Advance Technology and various skills Training should be
given to SHG women for empowerment and financial inclusion.
Innovative Pilot Project and their implementation consistently
followed for the poor and marginalized communities.
If Permanent use of Tablet based software by SHG women for SHG
accounting, manual book keeping can be reduced.
This increases the performance of women and reduce time and labor
work so efficiency can increased.
Availability of Internet connection is must for this project.
For accurate Social & financial Master Data collection a suitable
system need to develop.
Care should be taken to feed correct financial data and must be
Verified with Hard copies of Books of Account.
Planned format & task should be finalized before customization of
Tablet application.
- 48 -
ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE PLAN.
Master Data Collection on tablet : Master Data can be Collect
directly on tablet from SHG Member at village level and then uploaded
on website.
Sensitization of the Project Staff - Before starting the project
Sensitization of project staff is important factor in this process.
offline mode – Entry should be on the website offline mode.
Application on Smart Phone- This application can be downloaded on
Smart Phone . so anyone can use it.
- 49 -
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Web sites:
www.google.com
www.nabard.org
www.eshakti.nabard.org
www.umed.org.in
1) “An evaluation of impact of SHG on the Social empowerment of
women In Maharashtra’’
Publish By- Drushti Stree Adhyayan Prabhodhan Kendra,National
Commission for women.
2) “Promoting Quality Bookkeeping in Self Help Groups-The
Mahakalasm Management Information System.”
Publish By -Tapan S.Parikh, Kannaiyan Sasikumar and
Sundermoorthy Olaganathan.
3) Annual Report- 14-15-Publish By –NABARD.
- 50 -
Appendices
1)QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Sir/Madam I am a student of Indira Gandhi National Open University-
New -Delhi, Center- Pune.(IGNOU) I am doing my Post Graduate Diploma
in Rural Development.(PGRDD).As part of my curriculum I have selected
the Subject “Use of Technology In Self Help Group of Maharashtra In
Wardha and Dhulia District For Accounting ” as my project work. Thus I am
submitting my questionnaire to your kind opinion. This questionnaire is only
for the study purpose.
Thanking You,
Yours Faithfully,
Smt. Swati Rahatekar Dudhale
PERSONAL DATA
NAME.
ADDRESS
SELF HELP GROUP NAME
DESIGNATION
1) How long you registered in the Self Help Group.
a) 0-12 month
b) 12-36
c) 36-60
- 51 -
2) Which problem you faces while maintaining the books of accounts
manually?
a) Lack of accuracy
b) Time consuming process
c) Errors in record
d) Mobility problem from one place to another.
3) Is monthly meeting completed in time?
a) Strongly agree
b) Moderately agree
c) can’t say
4) Do you Prepare Balance Sheet For Each Self Help Group.
a) Yes
b) No.
5) How much time you require to update your SHG Books of Accounts
manually?
a) 1-8 hours
b) One Day
c) One Week
d)One Month
e) Cant Say
6) To maintain SHG Books of accounting manually is difficult task
a) Strongly agree
b) Moderately agree
- 52 -
c) can’t say
5) from when you started to use tablet pc to enter your SHG Monthly
meeting Transaction?
a) One Month.
b) Six Month.
c) One Year .
d)Two Year ..
6) How much time it take to entered the monthly meeting transaction?
a) 15 minute
b) 30 minute
c) 45 minute
7) What You feel Before using tablet pc.
a) Scared.
b) Doubtful.
c) curious.
8) from when you started to use tablet pc to enter your SHG Monthly
meeting Transaction?
a) One Month.
b) Six Month.
c) One Year .
d)Two Year .
e) more than two year.
- 53 -
9) How much time it take to entered the monthly meeting transaction?
a) 15 minute
b) 30 minute
c) 45 minute
d)One Hour
e) Cant Say
10) Are you satisfied the report generated form tablet after entering
Monthly data.
a) Yes.
b) No.
11) Did you like to use this technology permanently to maintain the
Groups account.
a)Yes
b) No
12) What type of Features you find in this MIS System.
a) Transparency
b) Accuracy
c) Mobility
d) Safety
e) Confidentiality
13)what changes you feel with group member after using tablet pc for
monthly transaction.
- 54 -
a) Regular Saving
b) Regular Repayment
c) Increase Attendance in Monthly Meeting
d)Strengthening of the Group.
14) What changes seen in SHG women accountant after using tablet pc.
a) Increased confidence level.
b) Increased literacy level
c) Maintain Independent account.
d) increased Coordination between member.
e) Increased self status.
15)Do you want report’s from the given option’s to be generated in this
software?
a) Type of Training
b) SHG Gradation.
c) Product Marketing.
16)Have you came across any other technology for SHG accounting
before.
a) Yes.
b) No.
17) Did you faced Any problems in the software?
a) Yes.
b) No.
- 55 -
18)Did you feel it Less the paper work
a) Yes.
b)No.
19) Is financial report helpful to bankers and offices.?
a) Yes.
b)No.
20) Are you ready to teach software to group member.?
a) Yes
b)No.
- 56 -
2)Tablet Photographs.
- 57 -
NABARD Bank Chairman Appreciation.
Word Bank Dignitaries Visit at Nandurbar SHG Member
- 58 -
SHG Women Accountant Operating Tablet PC from Dhule and Wardha District SHGs
- 59 -