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V G Ramakrishnan, Sr. Director, Automotive & Transportation, South Asia & Middle East
V G Ramakrishnan
Senior Director
Automotive & Transportation
South Asia and Middle East
P.G. D. B.A (Marketing and Finance)D.B.F (Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India)B.E (Electronics & Instrumentation)
V.G. Ramakrishnan manages the Automotive & Transportation consulting practice
of Frost & Sullivan in South Asia & Middle East. He is responsible for planning,
delivering client-defined consulting engagements and strategic market reports.
He has worked on various marketing consulting projects for OE and aftermarket
involving market analysis, competitive benchmarking, market mapping, and
distribution channel. Some of the key assignments include market entry strategy,
market penetration and expansion strategy, new product acceptance
assessments, location analysis and recommendation and financial feasibility.
He has also authored several strategic market reports covering the automotive
aftermarket in India. One of the more recent reports was on the Indian logistics
market, tracking logistics needs of end-user industries and changing dynamics
affecting service providers.
He has closely worked with leading domestic and international clients like
Amalgamations Group, MICO-Bosch, Castrol, Caparo Group, Delphi, Rane Group,
Sona Group, TATA Motors, TVS Group among others covering the 2 wheeler and 4
wheeler markets for components and vehicles.
In addition to the Indian automotive markets, Ramakrishnan has worked on
assignments in the U.S, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Mexico and LATAM
markets. Prior to joining Frost & Sullivan, Ramakrishnan was a Consultant with a
management-consulting firm. With more than 10 years of consulting experience,
Ramakrishnan brings a strong understanding of technology and business
dynamics.
360 Degree Analysis of the Global Electric
Vehicles Market
Electric Vehicles Market
- Opportunities and Implications
Presented by V G Ramakrishnan
October 23, 2009
2
Electric Vehicles Market Overview, Technology Roadmaps and Infrastructure Trends
Voice Of The Customer – Customer Feedback On EVs
Conclusions And Recommendations
Market Size and Forecasts
Table of Contents
Definitions and History
3
History of Electric Vehicles (1834 – 2009)
Source: Frost & Sullivan
2002: Toyota RAV4-EV retail sales; their estimated 2-year supply sold out in 8 months.
1990: U.S. 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment, the U.S. 1992 Energy Policy Act, and regulations issued by the California Air Resources Board (CARB)., several states have issued Zero Emission Vehicle requirements
1834: Thomas Davenport invents the battery electric car – batteries were not rechargeable
1859: Gaston Plante invented rechargeable lead-acid batteries.
1897: First vehicle with power steering – an EV. Electric self-starters 20 years beforeappearing in gas-powered cars
1902: The Phaeton had a range of 18 miles, a top speed of 14 mph and cost $2,000
1900: All cars produced: 33% steam cars, 33% EV, and 33% gasoline cars
1910: Electric vehicle production peaked
1935: The decline of the electric vehicle was brought about and disappeared by 1935
1921: Federal Highway Act. By 1922, federal match (50%) for highway construction andrepair (for mail delivery).
1990: GM shows their production EV initially named, Impact; later it was re-named the EV-1
1996 - 97: GM begins production of the EV-1 . Toyota Prius hybrid gas-electric vehicle unveiled at the Tokyo Auto Show
1998: The Toyota RAV4 sport
utility, the Honda EV Plus sedan,
and the Chrysler EPIC minivan.
These three vehicles were all
equipped with advanced nickel
metal hydride battery packs
2003: ZEV Mandate weakened to allow ZEV credits for non-ZEV s. Toyota stops production of the RAV4-EV; Honda stops lease renewals of the EV-Plus; GM does the same for the EV-1
1960’s: The first Battronic electric truck was delivered to the Potomac Edison Company in 1964. This truck was capable of speeds of 25 mph, a range of 62 miles and a payload of 2,500 pounds
1894 -
1935
1960 -
2003
2000 : The Honda Insight is the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system. The first-generation Insight was produced from 2000 to 2006 as a three-door hatchback.
4
Definitions – Battery Electric Vehicles
Battery Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles use electric motors instead of an internal combustion engine (ICE) to propel a vehicle. The electric power is derived from a battery of one of several chemistries including Lead Acid, Nickle Metal Hydride (NiMH), and Lithium-Ion (Li-ion).
Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs)
NEV is a US DOT
classification for vehicles
weighing less than 3,000 lbs
(GVW) and top speed of 25
mph. NEVs generally are
restricted to operate on
streets with a speed limit of
35 mph or less.
A city car is a European
classification, for a small
and light vehicle intended for
use in urban areas although
they can operate in mixed
city-highway environment. In
Japan, city cars are called
kei cars.
Extended-Range EVs (eREVs)
A plug-in hybrid electric
vehicle (PHEV) with a IC
engine or other secondary
sources connected to a
generator to supply the
batteries. The drive range
and speeds are comparable
to IC engine vehicles.
High-Performance EVS (HPEVs)
Sporty PHEVs or battery
electric vehicles with top
speeds exceeding 100 mph
and driving range
exceeding 100 miles. The
price of these vehicles is
expected to approach or
exceed $100,000.
GEM e2, e4, e6; REVA G-
Wiz i; ZENN; ZAP etc.
Smart EV, Th!nk City, BMW
Mini and others
Chevy Volt, Toyota Prius
PHEV, Chrysler Sedan and
others
Tesla, Fiskers - Karma,
Venturi - Fetish, Lightning
GT
City Electric Vehicles
(CEVs)
5
Current Electric Vehicle Market Structure : Provides Opportunity to Enter New Fields
Could work to improve charging time and safety
Infrastructure
supplier
Key Responsibility:
Development of Charging
Infrastructure
Key Responsibility:
Promotion of EV use
UtilitiesIntegrators
(Project Better
Place)
OEMs
System/Battery Manufacturers
GovernmentCharging Station
Manufacturers
Integrators to create partnerships with Utilities, OEMs
and Government
Subsidies for
EV purchase
and
investment in
R&D to reduce
emissions
Lower fuel
dependency by
expanding the
use of
renewable
energy sources
Supplies
infrastructure to
distribute their
energy
Cooperation to simultaneously promote EV use and electricity as a fuel
Development of
performing
batteries
6
Hours to Charge
37%
47%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 or
moreHours to Charge
37%
47%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 or
more
“My wish list for EV
specification..”
UK Consumer
Miles
Pric
e (£
)
To
p S
pe
ed
Time (Hr)
Technology and Infrastructure development to be tuned towards consumers needs and driving habits
50.20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
101+91 -100
81 -90
71 -80
61 -70
51 -60
41-50
< 40
50.20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
101+91 -100
81 -90
71 -80
61 -70
51 -60
41-50
< 40
82.00%
76.70%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
>251 226 -250
176 -200
126 -150
76 -100
51 -75
26 -50
Up to25
12 ormore
82.00%
76.70%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
>251 226 -250
176 -200
126 -150
76 -100
51 -75
26 -50
Up to25
12 ormore
Price
62.50%
44.20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
2000 4001 to
6000
8001 to
10000
12001 to
14000
16001 to
18000
More
than
20001
• Ideal hours to charge that will result in maximum uptake of potential EV customers in UK
• Ideal speed characteristics that will result in maximum uptake of potential EV customers in UK
• Ideal distance characteristics that will result in maximum uptake of potential EV customers in UK
• Ideal price range that will result in maximum uptake of potential EV customers in UK
Miles/hr
Miles Source: Frost & Sullivan
7
EV Customer Segmentation and Targeting Uses Out of Box Thinking and Will be Depended Upon Usage Characteristics and Specific EV Factors
Weekend
vacation /
leisure driving
11%
Retail
Shopping
8%
Visiting
friends or
family
Supermarket
Shopping
15%
Commuting to
and from work
26%
Evening
entertainment
5%
Recreational
activities
5%Taking and
picking kids
up from
school
7%
To use while
at work such
as visiting
clients
7%
Others
1%
London Private Users: Main use of Private Car, 2008
Requirement for EV ����
Others
Evening Entertainment
Recreational activities
Taking and picking kids
up from school
To use while at work
Retail shopping
Weekend vacation /
leisure driving
Visiting friends or family
Supermarket shopping
Commuting to and from
work
Average trips
over 100 miles
Average hours
parked at location
Average miles
per trip
EV FactorsCar use
HighLow
• Innercity commuters (travelling within the M25) represent almost 60% of consumers that use a vehicle to travel to work
8
Key Challenges in Electric Vehicle Market Development
Well To Wheel
ViableBusiness
ModelStandardization
Battery Technology
Charging Infrastructure
ElectricVehicle
Eco System
9
• Improved range extension will see charging points extend beyond city limits to urban and sub-urban areas with emphasis
on both normal and fast charging stations
50+
25
10
Normal Charging Spots
Fast Charging Spots
Mile Post
Commercial Facilities
• E.g., Dept. Stores, hotels,
malls
• Special parking lot for EV
next to handicap
provision
• Free charge (1-2 hrs)
using AC outlet
Pub. & Pvt. Parking Place
• Special EV parking space
• Free charging from charging outlet
Home
• Normal charging by nigh time
discounted electricity
• Special charging plug at home
Car Dealers, Public
Building
• Current strategic
locations for fast
charging
• 15 min. charge to yield
60 miles range
PRESENT DEVELOPMENTS WITH RESPECT TO ELECTRIC CHARGING STATIONS (2008 - 2011), EUROPE
Current EV Range (60-80 Miles On Full Charge) Limits Developments Of Infrastructure To City Limits.
Source: Frost & Sullivan
10
Over 1500 charging stations globally –OEM leading the initiative
SpainUnited States
Monaco
China
Japan
The U.K.
1. Number of charging stations - /above 500
2. Key participants -
Coulomb Tech, Eaton, EVOasis and others
Germany France
1.Number of charging stations –approximately 380
2. Key participants -
Park & Charge
1. Number of charging stations -
approximately 260
2. Key participants -
DBT, STGE,Circuritor /and others
1. Number of charging stations –approximately 190
2. Key participants -Elektromotive and Park & Power
1. Number of charging stations - less than 10
2. Key participants - NA
1. Number of charging stations - above 75
2. Key participants - NA
1. Number of charging stations - above 100
2. Key participants - NA
1. Number of charging stations –approximately 176
2. Key participants - NA
Norway
1. Number of charging stations –approximately 40
2. Key participants - NA
Portugal
1. Number of charging stations –approximately 20
2. Key participants - EDP
Italy
1. Number of charging stations –approximately 121
2. Key participants -
ACI Informatica
Australia
1. Number of charging stations -approximately20
2. Key participants - NA
SwitzerlandAustria
1. Number of charging stations –approximately 80
2. Key /participants -
Park & Charge
1. Number of charging stations -approximately 200
2. Key participants -
Park & Charge
Demark
1. Number of charging stations –approximately 40
2. Key participants - NA
Sweden
1. Number of charging stations –approximately 150
2. Key participants - NA
Source: Frost & Sullivan
11
Charging Stations Evolution Will Focus On Charging Time, Space Optimisation, Service Integration And Multi-functionality
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Slow charging - onboard
Mode of Charging Fast charging – mostly off board
Battery Swapping
Type of Charging Station
2005 2010 2015
Bollard / Ground Fixed
Wall mounted / Pole mounted
Dedicated charging station with lounge
Open to public / Free of charge
Subscription models
Roaming / reciprocal sharing and utility reconciliation
Smart Card (Oyster) Type
Battery chemistry sensing
Vehicle diagnosis and data collection
Solar panels for energy generation
Entertainment added services
Socket Type
Retractable arm
Automatic / Inductive
Charging Mechanism
Billing System
Extended Functionality
12
50+
Highway - Motels / Dining
• High potential of fast charging
stations seen to extend range of
EV’s
• Battery Swapping stations likely
to gain ground as well
Long Duration Stay
• Multiplexes, railway stations are
strategic spots where consumer
“Park & Pickup” intervals are
ideal for 80% charge
• Conventional charging stations
preferred over fast charging
Corporate Offices / Independent Houses
10
Short-Medium Duration Stay
• Dining & Restaurants, Golf courses,
movie theatres
• Fast charging stations attractive
• EV Range extension will see the rise of urban/sub-urban consumers using EV
• Fast charging stations seen across strategic locations on highways like motels, dining centres etc
Normal Charging Spots
Fast Charging Spots
Mile Post
Future Developments With Respect To Electric Charging Stations (2010-2015) : Target Focus on Parking Slots With Over 30 Minute Journey Stops
Source: Frost & Sullivan
13
Smart House with EV car generator
Smart Grid Control Centre
Wind Power
Solar Power
Energy Storage
Hospital
Pre
20
08
Time Frame
Utility Power Generation InfrastructureTopics
Low
High
20
08 -
201
5
Implications on Utilities
Conventional Grid and Infrastructure
Houses
Power Station
Office Building
Factory
Transformation of` Conventional Grid ����Energy Internet
• Centralised power stations
• Centralised power generation resulting in substantial power and transmission losses
• Several small generating facilities –wind, solar
• Offices, hospitals selling excess energy back to grid
• EV as generators when not in use
• Increased efficiencies and reduced operational cost and environmental affects
EV Support Capability
ROI Opportunities
Own Generation
UTILITY• Consumers – Utility Bills• Partnership with renewable
energy generators• Charging Stations• Parking Space• Govt - Carbon Trading• Venture Capital• Garage and Stores SupportEXTERNAL• Battery Manufacturers• Telecom Providers• Smart Card • Banks, insurance etc.• Green Collared Jobs• Recycling• Battery Servicing - Swapping
Shift from “Dumb Grid” to “Smart Grid” set the earliest precedence on developments towards the EV support infrastructure
40 %
development
80 %
development
• Limited to Grid and Utility industry
14
IN-BUILT SOLAR PANELS
• Generating proprietary electricity
•Will get energy from Utilities through groundwork
INTERACTIVE LCD DISPLAY
•Payment option - either manually through Debit/Credit Card or automatically through RFID
•Club with parking charges
•Opportunity to place orders in nearby coffee centres, restaurants or internet bays
•Vehicle Diagnostic Interface
CHARGING TYPE OPTIONS
•Compartments to provide charging capabilities for up to 4 vehicles at a time
•Option to provide both on-board and off-Board charging
DESIGN BLEND WITH ENVIRONMENT
• Charging posts are specifically designed to blend with a specific cities environment theme
EXTENDED FUNCTIONALITY
• Battery chemistry sensing
• Content delivery for on-board systems like MP3 stereos, TiVO systems and back-seat entertainment
• Gaming Options – coin fed for additional revenue generation
• Vehicle Tracking System GARAGE SERVICES
• Future functionality of automotive diagnostics
• Communicate any or all (by law) or requested (by mfg) access to in-car diagnostic or fault tolerance modules in real time to a shared database
• Use unique IP address to store repair data for future access and compliance tracking
MANUFACTURER FOCUSED SERVICES
• Provide billing, roaming, and geo-location reporting and audit trails for reciprocal sharing and utility reconciliation
• Scaleable solution for charge-point installation upgrades
• Employ wireless networking capability and multi-carrier redundancy
Design and Functionality Evolution of Charging Stations (Global), 2009-2015
Diagnostic & Billing Services, Tie-ups With Key Entertainment Industry Services Will Attract Potential Investors To Expand Charging Stations Functionality
Oyster Type Charging Stations
15
Electric Vehicle Technology Roadmap (Global), 2008-2015 - Iron phosphate and Manganese based Li-ion batteries are preferred
Electric Vehicle Market: Technology Roadmap for Electric Vehicles (Global), 2005-2015
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Lead acid
Nickel Metal Hydride
Ba
tteri
es
Sodium Nickel Chloride
Phosphate based
Manganese based
Titanate based
2005 2010 2015 2020
Silica based
Lithium Ion
Zinc Air
Permanent Magnet
Ele
ctr
ic M
oto
rs
Asynchronous
Switch Reluctance
In wheel motors
Motor Power- Up to 70 kW 70 kW – 250 kW
16
Electric Vehicle Technology Roadmap (Global), 2008-2015 - Charging times to drop from 6-8 hours currently to <30 minutes by 2015
Electric Vehicle Market: Technology and Product Roadmap for Electric Vehicles (Global), 2005-2015
So
urc
e:
Fro
st
& S
ulliv
an
Driving Distance/charge-up to 55 Miles
Charge Time – 6 to 8 hrs
Slow charging - onboard
Infr
as
tru
ctu
rep
erf
orm
an
ce Up to 125 Miles
Battery Capacity – up to 16kWh
Motor Power- Up to 70 kW
Fast charging – mostly off board
Battery Swapping
190 + Miles
< 1 hour < 15 minutes
Up to 50 kWh 75 kWh +
70 kW – 250 kW
ELECTRIC RANGE
BATTERY CAPACITY
MOTOR POWER
Up to 40 miles Up to 100 miles
7kWh – 15kWh 16kWh – 25kWh
50kW – 70kW 70kW – 140kW
CHARGING TIME 2 – 6 hrs 15 mins – 2 hrs
Market for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles: Technology Roadmap for Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Source: Frost & Sullivan
2005 2010 2015 2020
17
Steering
Electric Vehicle Market: List of New and Evolving Technologies
Electric Vehicles Component and Systems to see a shift from the conventional type; brings about electrification in integrated systems
Power Train Interiors & Acoustics
OthersPower Systems Chassis
Active Front Steering
Steer By Wire
Braking
HBS+EVP
Brake by Wire/ EMB
Engine
Electric Motors – PMM/
Induction/ SR/ In-wheel, Hub
Motors
E-Engine
Gearbox
Integrated transmission
with differential
In-wheel motors w/o
transmission
Batteries
Lithium Ion + Lead Acid for SLI (Optional)
P-Electronics
Stepped DC/DC, DC/AC
Converters, Inverters
Advanced BMS
16-32-bitµ-controllers,
IGBTs, MOSFETs
Charging unit/equipment
Harness
12V/ 300-440V
CAN/TT-CAN/Flex Ray
Cockpit
Battery SOC, Temperature
Indicator
Charging Systems Indicator-Locators\
Motor Vehicle Speed,
Distance Calculator
NVH
High Frequency Isolators
Sound Generators
E-Systems
eHVAC Systems (Electric
Compressors)
Electric Water Pump
Emerging Technologies
Evolving Technologies
Legend:
Range ExtenderModule
Others
Electric Axle and E-AWD
Electric Corner Module
Integrated Battery
Modules
18
Predominantly –the TN 400/230 V Network Systems
Predominantly – the TN 240/120 V Network Systems
TN 240/120V TN 400/230V
TT 400/230V TN/TT 400/230V
NA
230 V
TN 240/120V TN 400/230V
TT 400/230V TN/TT 400/230V
NA
230 V
One of the major challenges is standardisation: Example of energy distribution systems with it's different voltages and safety concepts around the world
Key Western European regions- implementing TT 400/230 V
Current Standards
Energy Transfer System for EV J2293
EV Inductive Coupled ChargingJ1773
EV Conductive Charge CouplerJ1772
ImplementationArea of applicationStandardRegion
Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes
60309
Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System
61851
ImplementationArea of applicationStandardRegion
To have a dedicated plug for EV that ensures user safety and could support faster chargingMain EV plug
To provide a wider range of services and make them available for all users regardless of their EV modelCommunication Systems
To ensure viability of battery swapping stations as well as interoperability with all EV modelsBattery swapping standard
Priority in timeImportanceIssue
Unaddressed issues
�Cost reduction through compatible systems
�Safety
�Interoperability of systems
DRIVERS:
Standardization of Electric Vehicle Infrastructure
19
Business Models Analysis : Future Leasing Models To Sell 75% Of EVs; The Rest 25% Sold Traditionally
~ €900- €1500€500- €800Up to €300Up to €150MONTHLY
LEASE
Free car50% car priceNANASUBSIDY
7 years4 yearsNANACONTRACT
Flat: 30,000km/yearFlat: 25,000km/yearFlat: Max 2000km/monthMonthly BillENERGY
Maintenance Package+ 100% Discount
Maintenance Package+ Discount
Energy Package+ Insurance+ Maintenance
Partial battery lease + Electricity
COVER
Full SubsidyPart SubsidyMaintenance PackageEnergy PackageTYPE
Business Model 4Business Model 3Business Model 2Business Model 1
Flexible Contract
Pay as you goMax number of milesUnlimited MilesFlexible Mileage
The customer opts for the number of years and flexible mileage- customized lease
Other Possible Leasing modelsSource: Better Place, Frost & Sullivan
20
• Investment:
• Groundwork
• Installation
• Connection
• Subscription
• Unit Margin
• £ 2,000
• £ 2,500 / postDigging of holes, trenches, laying cable ducting,
installation of ground kit, reinstating of surface
• £ 200 / postConnection and commissioning of the Charging Point
• £ 600 / postSite survey, drawings as necessary, electrical feeder
pillar and installation of feeder pillar
• Capital
Expenditure
• £ 150 / agreed area** / yearConnection & commissioning of the Charging Point
Cost of Manufacturing =
{833 (a) + 2083 (b) +
1250 (c) + 3750 (d)}
Business Opportunities
• 20% on manufacturing cost
• Potential to increase installation across strategic locations- Rail, Golf Course, Shopping Complex
• Opportunity to partner VM’s to expand proprietary solutions across key geographical markets• Opportunity to liaise and partner with government and related organizations, VC and large corporate firms in their green credential pursuit
Co
mp
eti
tio
nP
rod
uct
Desig
nIn
du
str
ies
• SGTE Power (Fr)
• DBT (Fr)
• Transtex (Fr)
• Elektromotive (UK)
• Ciant (Fr)
• Spie-Trindel (Fr)
Initial Short - Term
• Charging Station
Manufacturers
• Utility Companies
a) b)
c) d)
Wall Mounted
Parking Posts
Oyster Type Charging Stations
Bu
sin
ess M
od
el
COST Long - Term
• Aftermarket division of
VM’s
• Government Org.
• Venture Capitalists
• Italian and French
manufacturers
Business Model Analysis : Charging Station Manufacturers Have A High ROI Potential
• Varies by solution
21
Market Expansion Strategy- Better Place Business Model –Better Place
Israel:�Geography�Oil Dependency �Investments and Subsidies
Denmark:� Renewable energy- 60%
�Subsidies
Australia:� Investment Partners�Subsidies
California:� Home & Green mindset�Government investment
Battery Swap Station
Battery Suppliers
Leasing Network
Infrastructure Contractors/
Suppliers
Private Customers
Business Fleets
Electric Utilities
Charging Stations
Services & Subscriptions
Electric Recharge Grid Operator
Revenues from Services
Revenues from Products
Service ModelProduct Model
Better Place- Map of Battery Swap Network in California
100 mile radius
Battery Swap Station
Battery swap stations are located edge of the cities and freeways connecting i m p o r t a n t c i t i e s
� Better Place to build 500,000 recharge stations and network of swap centers in three stages
� Govt. to support of infrastructure and cars- 78% tax on cars replaced by 10% for first 4 years
� Beta country- Investment about $200M. Farthest drive is 250 miles.
� Better Place rises $160 for infrastructure and operations in Denmark.
� Partnered with DONG which has a 60% renewable grid: 18% coming from wind; to double soon.
� Potential scenario- With 0% tax $60,000 car can be bought at $20,000.
� Two strong partners: AGLEnergy provide energy from renewable sources (wind and others). Macquarie provide financial advice and raise $1Billion(AUD) to build initial network.
� Tremendous support from federal government with $500M Green Car Innovation Fund.
Isra
el
Den
mark
Au
str
alia
Business Model- Better Place- Cash rich start up, along with its partners have already raised over $1 Billion on EV infrastructure
Potential Future Markets
So
urc
e:
Fro
st
& S
ull
iva
n
22
Global Electric Vehicle Unit Forecast by Scenarios- Oil price uncertainties, government support and technology breakthroughs are clear drivers of EVs
Scenario Analysis of Global Electric Vehicle Market, 2008-2015
Source: Frost & Sullivan
4%
7%
12%
2020(% of total car sales)
520,953
1,212,140
2,163,150
2015
394,605273,224168,96572,89525,8847,5505,103Conservative
778,577462,281251,329109,52138,2458,4115,103Frost & Sullivan
1,389,180863,160574,435273,11694,47517,4755,103Optimistic
2014201320122011201020092008Scenario Analysis
(Unit Shipment)
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Un
it S
hip
men
ts (
Mil
lio
ns)
Optimistic Scenario F&S Scenario Conservative Sceanrio
23
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Asia Pacific Europe North America Others
Thousands
CEV eREV NEV/QC HPEV
60%
28%
12%73%
24%
2%
1%
56%
42%
1%
1%
Global Electric Vehicle Market: Breakdown By Region (Estimates), 2015
1.21 Million
65%
31%
3%
1%
20092015
8,411
3%
14%
63%
21%
68%
3%29%
1%
• Japan and China are the key markets for APAC=> likely 80% market share. China expects major share from the local OEMs andppotential for strong growth in India
•eREV and PHEVs likely to account major share in the North American market driven by the virtue of demographics and customer driving
characteristics => GM & Chrysler key OEMs. On the other hand, CEVs suit the demographics for the Europe.
EV Breakdown by Region- eREVs popular segment in NA accounting 42% share and
CEVs to account for 73% in Europe
25
Electric
Vehicles
Discussion Points- Applicability to INDIA and Key Lessons
What type of infrastructure do we need to create? Pilot Projects/ Standards
Customer Education and Awareness
Regulatory Framework and Government
support
Innovative business models- Value chain
creation, value added services
Is there a electric vehicle market in
India?