VALUES FOR PLANNING

prepared by Roberto Rocco SPATIAL PLANNING AND STRATEGY, DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Delft University ofTechnology UURBAN

ISM SPS

spatialplanning&strategy

DEMOCRATIC VALUESLET’S EXPLORE

Liberty leading the people,

Eugène Delacroix (1830)

FRANCE, POSTAGE STAMPS FRENCH REVOLUTION COMMEMORATIVES, 1989, LIBERTE, EGALITE FRATERNITE

is not an empty slogan

rooted in a philosophical and scientific revolution

RATIONALITYthe first system of government that was

manifestly based on principles of rationality

(not divine intervention or the ‘right of the blood’)

Light emanates from TRUTH (the central figure), helped by

SCIENCE and PHILOSOPHY on the

right

(this is the cover of l’Encyplopédie)

BY BENOÎT LOUIS PRÉVOST - FROM ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA: ENCYCLOPEDIE FRONTISPICE ; ORIGINAL SOURCE: [1], PUBLIC DOMAIN, HTTPS://COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG/W/INDEX.PHP?CURID=314800

BY NBC TELEVISION - EBAY ITEM FRONT RELEASE, PUBLIC DOMAIN, HTTPS://COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG/W/INDEX.PHP?CURID=30262781

RATIONALITY? AIN’T NOBODY GOT TIME FOR

THAT!

LIBERTYFRATERNITY

EQUALITY

emphasised by the rightemphasised by the leftindividualcommunity

The promotion of justice

NEGATIVE RIGHTSPOSITIVE RIGHTS

EQUALITY

the right to be free from something

(individual)

the right to something (societal)

The promotion of balance

FRATERNITY

These rights are NOT

ABSOLUTE RIGHTS

but are exclusive (albeit complementary)!

LIBERTY

PUBLIC GOODSA PUBLIC GOOD IS A PRODUCT THAT ONE

INDIVIDUAL CAN CONSUME WITHOUT REDUCING ITS AVAILABILITY TO ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL, AND FROM WHICH NO ONE IS

EXCLUDED.

ECONOMISTS REFER TO PUBLIC GOODS

PUBLIC GOODS ECONOMISTS REFER TO PUBLIC GOODS AS

“NON-RIVALROUS" AND “NON-EXCLUDABLE."

NATIONAL DEFENCE, SEWER SYSTEMS, PUBLIC PARKS AND OTHER BASIC SOCIETAL

GOODS CAN ALL BE CONSIDERED PUBLIC GOODS.

SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.URBANCAPTURE.COM/20130819-AERIAL-DOWNTOWN-THE-HAGUE-THE-NETHERLANDS/?DOING_WP_CRON=1486758418.4101200103759765625000

PUBLIC GOODS The city of The Hague in the

Netherlands offers many public goods to its

inhabitants:

clean air

safety

excellent mobility

heathy environments

green spaces

etc.

MY PLOT!

LIBERTY? What liberty can

you have if you are not in society?

Here, I own a plot in the middle of the

desert. I can build whatever I want on it, but what is the

value of this?

DinoVabec NYC to LA

MY PLOT!

SOCIAL FUNCTION OF PROPERTY

LIBERTY? How much

liberty can you have when you live in society?

Here, I can’t build whatever I want, but my plot is close to infrastructure, public space,

other buildings. I can enjoy

public goods!

INDIVIDUALCOMMUNITY

PROMOTION OF BALANCE

the private sectorcivil society

FRATERNITY LIBERTY

EQUALITY

the public sector

PRIVATE SECTORCIVIL SOCIETY

PUBLIC SECTORGOVERNANCE

INFORMAL INSTITUTIONSTHE RULE OF LAW

ENTERPRISES (THE PRIVATE SECTOR)

GOVERNMENT (THE PUBLIC SECTOR)

COMMUNITY (CIVIL SOCIETY)

The rule of law are the formal institutions that regulate the relationships between public sector, private sector and civil society.

Informal institutions are related to culture, values, practices, inherited worldviews, etc that influence the way in which formal institutions

work.

Some informal institutions can be quite negative, such as corruption, nepotism,

patronage. Other are very positive: values of respect, openness, tolerance, etc

So? What is the role of planning, and of planners in

democratic societies?

Crick, B. 2002. Democracy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Currie, D. 1986. Positive and Negative Constitutional Rights. The University of Chicago Law Review, 53(3), 864-890

Dietz, T., et al. 2003. "The Struggle to Govern the Commons." Science 302(5652): 1907-1912.

Munck, G. and J. Verkuilen 2002. "Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices." Comparative Political Studies 35(1): 5-34.

Stiglitz, J. 2000. Formal and Informal Institutions. Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective. P. Dasgupta and I. Serageldin. Washington DC, World Bank: 59-70.

References

Thanks for watching!

Are there questions?if you have further questions, please write to

r.c.rocco@tudelft.nl