VirtualPowertoRealizetheSmartGridTheRoleofHardware-in-the-LoopSimula7oninTomorrow’sPowerSystems

Ravinder Venugopal, Ph. D.

SLAC Na(onal Laboratory

VADER Technical Workshop March 30, 2016 1

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Source:wha,ssmartgrid.org

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Source:DOEOfficeofElectricityDeliveryandEnergyReliability

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Source:GTMResearch

Visualiza;onand

Analy;csofdistribu;onsystemswithdeeppenetra;onof

DistributedEnergyResources

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Viable

AutomatedDecentralizedEfficientReconfigurabledistribu;ongrid

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Visionofan

AutonomousDynamicEvolvingReliabledistribu;ongrid

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Whatdoweneedtogetthere?•  Sensing(datacapture)

•  ICT(datatransmission)

• Monitoring(bigdata)

• Complexprotec;onandadvancedcontrol(bigdynamicsandlearningsystems)

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Source:BBC

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Source:DOEOfficeofElectricityDeliveryandEnergyReliability

CausesofFailuresofAutoma;onSystems•  Func;onaldeficiencies

•  Lackofrobustness(instabilityinfaultoroff-designcondi;ons)

•  Interoperabilityissues

• CyberaZacks

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ChallengesinTes;ngSmartGridSystems•  Puresimula;on-basedtes;ngisinadequate

•  Large,complexsystem;test-bedsmaynotberepresenta;veandareexpensive

•  Tes;nginfailure/off-designmodesmaybeinfeasible/dangerous

• Requiresextensiveplanning

•  Limitedbyrealcondi;ons(e.g.weather) 123/31/16

Plant Controller (Test Unit)

RCP Hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)Simula<on

Simulation of•  Motor-drive controls•  Power electronics control•  FACTS•  Protection, PMU

•  MMC, HVDC, FACTS•  PV, Wind Farm, DER •  Plugin and hybrid vehicle•  Power electronic converters•  SCADA, WAM

SIL

Real-Time Simula(on-Based Tes(ng

• Real-;me:refersto;me-cri;caltechnologyordeterminis;ccomputa;onal;mes(ourusage)

50 µs

100 µs

0 µs

t

Inputs

ModelCalc.

Inputs

ModelCalc.

Outputs Outputs

What is Real-Time Simula(on ?

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Whyreal-;me/HiL?•  Latenciescanseverelyaffectcontrolandprotec;onalgorithms(racecondi;onin2003blackout)

• Noiseandquan;za;oneffectsalsoneedtobeconsidered

• Actualhardwarecanbestresstested

• Morerealis;cfaulttes;ng

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MIT-Lincoln Laboratory – Test PlaIorm for Microgrid Controllers

•  Testplabormtocomparemicrogridcontrollerperformance

•  Developmetricstoevaluatecontrollerperformance(peak-shaving&valley-filling,powerfactorcorrec;on…)

•  Evaluatefaultisola;onandrecovery

MIT-LL – Test PlaIorm for Microgrid Controllers

MIT-LL – Test PlaIorm for Microgrid Controllers

MIT-LL – Test PlaIorm for Microgrid Controllers

PNNL – NREL Inverter Test & Remote Co-simula(on

• HiLtestofadvancedPVinverters

• Distribu;ongridsimulatedinGridLab-DatPNNL,PCCvoltagestransmiZedoverinternettoHiLbenchatNREL

•  PVmodelsruninreal-;meonHiLbench

• Communica;onlatencieslimitperformance

KTH Sweden

KTH Sweden

•  PMUandWAMPACtes;ng

• ActualrelaysandPMUsintheloop

•  Tes;ngofcommunica;onprotocolperformance

Smart Home Project in Japan

2kVADCAmplifier

REAL HOUSE

• Onerealsmarthomewithseveralsimulatedhomes

•  Transmissionanddistribu;ondynamicssimulated

•  50µs;me-step

To&FromVirtualDevicesCommands,Status

GPSClock

PMU

Antenna

C37.118Analogout

TimesyncRF

Timesync

RelayIEC61850SV,GOOSE

VirtualDevices

AnalogoutDigitalComm

PhasorDataConcentrator(PDC)

ControlCenter:Control,Applica<onsandHMI

ControllerModbus,DNP3,etc.Analog,DigitalIO

Communica<onNetwork

Synchropasors

PowerAmplifier 9

ChallengesinReal-TimeSimula;onofPowerSystems

• Computa;onalintensity(largescalesystems,switchingchangessystemDAEs)

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ChallengesinReal-TimeSimula;onofPowerSystems-2

•  Paralleliza;onisnotalwaysstraighborward

• One;me-steplatencyindatatransferacrosscores

• Withshortlines(distribu;onnetworks)real-worldlatenciescannotbeexploited

• Novelapproachwithstate-spacenodal(SSN)solver

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ChallengesinReal-TimeSimula;onofPowerSystems-3

•  Powerelectronicshaveveryfastdynamics,requiresub-microsecond;me-steps

•  FPGA-basedsimula;onisrequired

•  Switchingisagainaproblem

• Approximateswitchwithaninductance(closed)orcapacitance(open)butwithaconstantimpedance(PejovicandMaksimovic)

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LookingAhead:MachineLearning• Usingmachinelearningforthesmartgridisstar;ngtobeanac;veresearcharea(demandandgenera;onpredic;on,topologyiden;fica;on…)

•  Trainingdata-setsarenoteasilyavailable

•  Simula;onallowsfortrainingalgorithmsunderaninfinitelywiderangeofcondi;ons(doesnothavetobereal-;me,butspeedhelps!)

• Behaviorwithoutlierscanbetested

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LookingAhead:Faster-Than-Real-TimeSimula;on• Advancedcon;ngencyanalysisusingmoreaccuratestatees;matesbasedonPMU/µPMUmeasurements

• Modelpredic;vecontrolwithonlinesimula;on-basedvalida;on

•  Fillingindataintheeventofmeasurementcorrup;oncausedbycyberaZacks(real-;me)

•  Simula;on-basedop;miza;on,reconfigurable/self-healinggrids

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LookingAhead:Cybersecurity

• Valida;onofsecurityalgorithmsforcyber-physicalsystems

• Damagepredic;on/minimiza;on

• Balancingcontrolperformancewithcybersecurity

•  Studyinterac;onbetweencommunica;onnetworksandpowersystem

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Source:wha,ssmartgrid.org

?

ThePossibili;es….

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