Graveyard of Investments – peri urban Hyderabad

The waste cycle...

19791979 19861986 1991199119881988 20032003199819981983198319801980 20072007

Open well

Open well

First Hand pumps

(2)

First Hand pumps

(2)

3rd

Hand pump3rd

Hand pump

1st bore wellElectric

Motor & 1stDist. system

1st bore wellElectric

Motor & 1stDist. system

6 handpumps6 handpumps

2 handPumps &Bore well

2 handPumps &Bore well

1 Bore well

1 Bore well

2 Borewell 2 Electric

Motors & newDist. system

2 Borewell 2 Electric

Motors & newDist. system

2nd pipedwater supply

systemconstructed

2nd pipedwater supply

systemconstructed

19821982

4th Hand pump

4th Hand pump

19871987

2 handpumps2 handpumps

19891989

1 handpumps1 handpumps

19931993

1 Borewell & Electric

motor

1 Borewell & Electric

motor

1 Bore well &

Electric motor

1 Bore well &

Electric motor

20002000 20042004 20052005

1 Bore well &

Electric motor

1 Bore well &

Electric motor

2 Borewell 2 Electric

Motors & newDist. system

2 Borewell 2 Electric

Motors & newDist. system

2 Borewell 2 Electric

Motors & newDist. system

2 Borewell 2 Electric

Motors & newDist. system

Facts 1

Coverage of drinking water and sanitation in Rural India

Source: Government of Uganda, 2008

Facts 2

Disaggregated Life Cycle Costs

Capital Expenditure Labour Material Total Min Max nTraditional latrine $ 7 $ 14 $ 21 0 $ 185 84

Slab latrine $ 8 $ 28 $ 35 $ 1 $ 217 30

VIP $ 31 $73 $ 110 $ 24 $ 217 12

System with septic tank $ 67 $ 156 $ 202 $ 12 $ 375 36

Institutional latrine blocks $ 2,931 $ 3,097 $ 3,623 13

Operational Expenditures $/Year nTraditional latrine $ 12 9

Slab latrine $ 24 10

VIP $ 13 6

System with septic tank $ 67 2

Institutional latrine blocks 3

CapEX and OpEx latrines Mozambique

Technology Total Capital Expenditure

% of CapEx by HH

Total Capital Maintenance Expenditure

TotalOpEx

% of OpEx by HH

Direct pumping 376 41% 0 1 0

Mini piped supply 320 15% 14 81 98%

Single village scheme 358 14% 6 103 93%

Multi village scheme 477 12% 34 60 52%

CapEx, CapManEx, OpEx – Andra Pradesh

Costing services provided - sanitation

The old toilet was full and smelled

bad

Only my mother and my sisters use this

toilet

The toilet is cleaned

everyday and its nice and fresh in here

This is the new toilet

of my family

Comparing costs per service levels - sanitation

All household members have immediate access to and use at all times a convenient, private, safe, robust, secure sanitation facility which seals against flies and bad odours, as well as immediate access to hand, anal and latrine cleansing facilities with soap, with routine O&M, and there is positive environmental impact, e.g. productive re-use of safe by-products.

All households members have easy access at all times and use a convenient, private, safe, robust facility which seals against flies and bad odours, has nearby handwashing facilities, regular O&M, and there is non-problematic environmental impact or safe disposal of sludge

All household members have reasonable access to and use a safe, relatively robust, private facility, available handwashing facilities, weak maintenance provisions, and non problematic environmental impact or safe disposal of sludge.

A platform separates the user from faeces, and there is significant environmental pollution increasing with population density.

There is no separation between the user and faeces, e.g. open defecation, and there is significant environmental pollution increasing with population density.

The WASHCost Sanitation Service Ladder

I will need 2

containers to get 20

litres

The water quality

tests gave good

results

We only get water

in the morning

Costing services provided - water

It takes me one hour to

get here everyday

Comparing costs per service levels - water

The WASHCost Water Service Ladder

High service: people access a minimum of 60l/c/d of high quality

water on demand

Intermediate service: people access a minimum of 40l/c/d of acceptable quality water from an improved source spending no more that 30 minutes per day

Basic service: people access a minimum of 20l/c/d of acceptable quality water from an improved source spending no more that 30 minutes per day

Sub-standard service: people access a service that is an improvement on having no service at all, but fails to meet the basic standard on one or more criteria

No service: people access water from insecure or unimproved sources, or sources that are too distant, time consuming or are of poor quality

Preliminary data from Mozambique

The aim of WASHCost

Thank you

Papers and data available:

www.washcost.info