WD 1475-5 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by the Air Service.pdf

transcript

7/25/2019 WD 1475-5 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by the Air Service.pdf

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G A S M A N U A L

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GHNE R AI , Q

AMERICAN EXPiHHTlONAt tY ]UIU.KS

March,

1919.

The-

"Gfts M a n u a l , " i n HIK p a r t s , i s a g r a v e d n rid p u b l i s h e d

fo r t he h i f a r m a t j o a

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^nd guidance of ihc Aiviericnti l-^tjcrli t iou-

H\-y Forces* A l t h o u g h t h i s m n n u u l prcLLLs 1 ML |iractLce in t l i e

Ainei'iL'Lm l ^ ^ c d i t i o i m v y Forces

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inHi lary

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OJT Mm United SLfttes Of any details of u]-guiiU:Lliiin contained

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COMMAWii OF

Chief of

c. DAVIS,


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Contents

P a r t I Tadien T Erop l ny me n l o f G as e a . .A. K,F . No ,T -17 > T G-G

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

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4/14

GAS MANUAL

-

PART V

.

USE OF GAS BY AIR

SERVI E

I N C E N D I A R Y B O M B S .

General.

1. Gas W arfare m ate r ia l , used by th e Air Service, com prises

incendia ry and smoke bombs .

2 .

The on ly incend ia ry bom b ava i lab le fo r use by the A mer i -

can Air Service a t the present t ime is the French Chanard in-

cendia ry bo m b. A descr ip t ion of the m etho d of ope rat ion,

ac t ion , m arking , e tc. , o f th i s bom b fo l lows: The French Chan-

ard bomb is of the in tensive type and is for use against well

defined tar ge ts . Oth er bom bs of the same type und er develop-

ment a re the Amer ican incend ia ry bombs , Mark I I and Mark I I I .

Another type of incendiary bomb known as the scat te r type

is for use against more inf lamable mater ia l , such as wooden

raen t o r cons ide ra t ion a re : The Amer ican Incendia ry Bomb

build ings, grain f ie lds , e tc . Of thi s type now un der develop-

Mark I , the American Incendiary Dart Mark I , and the Bri t ish

Baby Incendia ry Bomb, known as the B. I .

FRENCH CHANARD INCENDIARY BOMB.

(Bombe Incendia ire Ch anard or C. D.)

3.

Descripion.

(See Figs . 1 and 2.) The bo m b con sists o

th e fol lowing genera l p a r t s : Case or body , nose , s tabil ize jr

wings, H tube , quick match, tubes, vents , f i r ing mechanism ai i( l

safe ty propel le r .

Construction. Th e bo m b bod y or case is com posed of twj>

longitudinal halves of an e l l ipsoid of revolut ion. The edges

of tnese are soldered to th e ann u la r core or H tu be . Both thje

body an d th e H tub e are m ade of t in p la te . Th e H tub e iis

f il led wit h special Th erm it m ix tu re whic h is kno wn as C. D.

pow der or Dais i te No, 2 . The charge is 275 gra m s. Th e m ain

body i s fi lled w i th Chana rd incend ia ry mate r ia l . Th is m ate r ia l

consis ts of a p last ic semi-f luid mass which on combust ion f lows

free ly . I t consis ts pr inc ipal ly of n i t roce l lulo se and resin

wi th a mix tu re o f t u rp e n t in e s .


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6

Gas ManualPart V

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Use of Gas by Air Service

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as ManualPart V

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Use of Gas by Air Service 9

Firing Mechanism. (See Fig. 3.) This consists of a safety

propeller with screw and plug into which screws a socket,

striker, striker spring, three steel halls, striker sleeve, and quick

match or fuse in the tuhe.

Method of Operation.

During shipment the propeller is held

stationary by two strands of wire attached respectively to the

propeller and the body of the bomb. The firing mechanism is

permanently locked by means of a propeller screw which abso-

lutely prevents accidental functioning.

Before the boruh is placed in the suspension on the plane,

the wires which hold the propeller are removed and the pro-

peller unscrewed by DO more than four complete turns, ac-

cording to the directions to be found in the packing case. The

bomb is then placed in the suspension where the propeller is

prevented from revolving by means of a spring wire which en-

gages the blades. The firing mechanism consists principally of

a striker driven forward by a spring. The tail of the striker,

which is hollow, is held in place by three equi-distant balls

separated by the thickness of the striker. These balls are held

in place between the vertical wall and the striker sleeve and

the propeller stem. As the propeller unscrews, the stem moves

with almost no frietional resistance, until the lower end passes

the equator of the three balls. At that moment the striker

spring comes into play. The balls drop into the striker and

tne striker is driven with considerable force against the de-

tonator.

Action.

As the bomb is released from the airplane, the cur-

rent of air produced by the falling body, unscrews the propeller.

Five seconds later, that is to say, at a distance of from 60 to

80 meters from the machine, the firing mechanism is auto-

matically unlocked and immediately the 8-second fuse or quick

match contained therein is ignited. When that tame has

elapsed and the bomb has descended some 500 meters or more,

the firing mechanism is blown off by a slight explosion and

the material in the H tube is ignited at four different points,

A, B, C, and D. The bomb is split in two halves by melting the

solder and the main incendiary mass is ignited.

As this action takes place, the bomb is still dropping through

the air and it reaches its target in flames. The blazing contents

are deposited on the target without the necessity of an ex-

plosion. Here it continues to burn for some 18 minutes. A

black smoke is given off which hinders fire fighting.

Marking. The bomb is painted with light red oil paint.

Around the vent holes are painted white circles and on the body

of the bomb are the markings G. D. 120,'* shown on the plate.

The lot number and date of loading also are shown on the plate.


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10

Gas Manual

Part V

Packing.

The bom bs fully assem bled w ith th e prop eller tk*d

as previously described, are packed two in a case. Th is case

is painted red and bears the following inscription on the cover:

"AVIATION"

BOMBE INCENDIAIRE

G. D.

120

Lot No.

On the s id e: A RETOURNER

A LA 2eme RESERVE.

W hen these bom bs are removed from the case, they shou ld be

lifted by the ir suspension keys. If replaced, they should be de-

plured ia a horizontal posi t ion with the suspension keys crossed.

TACTICAL USE.

4.

The Cha nard Incendiary Bom b is designed

fo r

setting fire

to buildinya of either light or heavy construction.

II is so de-

signed that i t will penetrate an ordinary roof and deposit i ts

Contents in the interio r of the bu ildin g. The incen diary nia tcia l

of the bomb being already ignited when it hits the target, i t

cont inues to mel t , run and burn as i t runs communicat ing this

l i re to any ini lamm able m ater ial w hich I t reaches. A bom b of

this type should, of course, be used only against well defined

targets where a direct hit is possible, for if i t should miss the

target and st r ike on the ground or other uninf lammable mater ial

its effect would be nil.

5.

Incendiary bomb s of the scatter type are fo r use against

light building construction, grain fields, etc.

They possess the

advantage of not requiring a direct hit , because the material

scatters to a certain extent; but they possess a disadvantage in

that the amount of incendiary mater ial in any one place is

small and unless the mater ial is qui te inf lammable i t wi l l not

be set on Fire.

6. The nu m ber of bom bs th at can be carr ied by planes in use

by the American Air Service are as follows:

Day Pu rs ui t : The Spad XIII has cel ls for 2 Chanard b om bs.

Day O bse rvatio n: 6 Am erican Mark I or Mark II.

Night Pu rsu i t : Same as Day Pursu i t .

Night Ob servat ion: Same as Day Observat ion.

Ob servation plan es carry 6 bom bs if equipped w ith Hie

Am erican M ark V release .

Day Bom ber (DH -4): 6 M ark I or Mark II.

Br eg ue t: 8 Mark I or Mark II.

Night Bomber (Han dley-P age): 16 Mark II ,

The A merican Mark V Release wil l carry 5 Chanard b om bs

pe r t ra p or 10 per plan e.


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Useof Gas by Air Service

11

FIRING

SHEflK WIRE

SAFETf

PIN

STEEL OGtVE

IOCAL

FILLED

WITH

V POWDER

8ALLAST OF

CAST

SHEET

__

VTEEL. IS MM.

CONTAINING

TITANIUM

TETRACHLORID

5TAOAUZER

WINGS

CARTRIDQ PLUS

GAME HEAO

?

FRENCH TRAINING

N2 5MO KE BOM B STEEL

Division,

EHG.

JEC


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^

Gas Manual Part

y

FRENCH TRAINING NO. 2 SMOKE BOMB, STEEL.

(Fig. 4).

1. Description. The bomb consists of the parts designated

on the drawing as follows: Firing pin, shear wire, safety pin,

cartridge plug, gaine head, steel ogive, 10 caliber cartridge,

filled with T powder, sheet steel body, gaine tube, ballast of

cast sulphur, stabilizer wings, tin tube containing titanium

tetrachloride, cork plug, cement plug, and cotton wad. All the

metal parts arc made of steel or iron. T powder is a highly

nitrated sporting powder containing less than 1.3% moisture.

Method of Operation. The bomb is designed so that it has

the same trajectory as regular bombs and is used to train avia-

tors in bomb dropping.

When suspended in the dropping mechanisms the safety pin

is removed. On striking the objective the shear wire is cut

and the firing pin impinges on the detonator of the cartridge

which is thereby fired. This expels the tin tube containing the

fumigen and at the same time breaus it, causing a scattering

of the liquid titanium tetrachloride which substance produces

a white cloud of smoke visible from the airplane.

Marking. The bomb is painted black, but has no special mark-

ings other than the Inspector of the Forges.

Packing. The bombs are packed four in an open crate. The

crates have the following stencilling:

On two i Smoke Bombs for r Crate to be returned to

vertical sides ^Adjustment of Fire J2nd Aviation Reserve at

(Michelin Type (Mortimets.

The loaded cartridges are packed in tight boxes, the number

of cartridges contained in the box, stencilled on the cover.

The tubes of fumigenite are packed in cases containing 100

tubes.

Each shipment of bombs has a corresponding shipment of

filled cartridges and tubes of fumigenite.

FRENCH TRAINING SMOKE BOMB, CEMENT.

(Bornbe a Fumee en Ciment)

(Figs. 5 and 6>.

8. Description- The bomb consists of the parts designated

on the drawings. Two plates of this type of bomb are shown.

One is simply a later modification of the other. The one having

the narrower stabilizer wings and a more stream like shape is

the later model. It will be noted that in the later design a dif-

ferent gaine head is used and also the gaine reinforcing tube


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14 Gas Manual Part

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15

has been done awa y w ith . The ma in difference between

this

bomb and the French Training No. 2 smoke bomb, steel , is

that

the body is made of cement rather than of steel filled with cast

sulphur, and that the gaine tube has a reinforcing tube near

nose end in

the

older model .

Method of Operation and Marking. The method of operat ion

and marking is the same as for the French Training No. 2 smoke

bomb, steel, except that the stabilizer wings only are painted

black, the body being unpainted.

Packing*

The bom bs are packed the sam e as the French

Training No. 2 smoke bomb, steel, the labels on the crates being

the same.

USE OF TRAINING SMOKE BOMBS.

9. The se bom bs are designed for use only in tra ini ng bomb

droppers in the use of bomb sights and release mechanism.

On impinging on the ground the bomb expels its charge of

fumigeuite (ti tanium tetrachloride) which gives a smoke cloud

which is visible to the bomb dropper in the plane, thus inform-

ing him as to whether or not he has hi t the desired target .

WD 1475-5 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by the Air Service.pdf

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