Post on 18-Jan-2018
description
transcript
What does this picture mean to you?What does this picture mean to you?
Warm-upWarm-up
So just So just howhow does does evolution work?evolution work?
Living things have evolved throughout history. Living things have evolved throughout history.
Charles DarwinCharles Darwin• A scientist from the 1800s.A scientist from the 1800s.• Sailed to the Galapagos Islands, just Sailed to the Galapagos Islands, just
off the coast of South America.off the coast of South America.• Collected many fossils of different organisms Collected many fossils of different organisms
and recorded all of his observations.and recorded all of his observations.• Studied 13 species of Finch, a type of bird.Studied 13 species of Finch, a type of bird.• Discovered that each species of Finch had a Discovered that each species of Finch had a
beak that was adapted to the kind of food beak that was adapted to the kind of food that it ate.that it ate.
• Used all his observations to create a theory Used all his observations to create a theory that explains how evolution works!that explains how evolution works!
The Theory ofThe Theory ofNatural SelectionNatural Selection
Let’s see who lives on Let’s see who lives on and reproduces, and reproduces,
who dies off without who dies off without any offspring, any offspring,
and why!!!and why!!!
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1• Neck length = Neck length = 10 feet 10 feet• Camouflage = Camouflage = some spots some spots• Body color Body color = = dark brownish orange dark brownish orange• Speed Speed = = slow slow• Food intake = Food intake = 15 pounds per day 15 pounds per day• Eyesight Eyesight = = excellent excellent• Fur type Fur type = = 40 – 120 40 – 120 °F°F• Resistance = lowResistance = low
Giraffe #2Giraffe #2• Neck length = Neck length = 15 feet 15 feet• Camouflage = Camouflage = highly spotted highly spotted• Body color Body color = = light brown light brown• Speed Speed = = fast fast• Food intake = Food intake = 5 pounds per day 5 pounds per day• Eyesight Eyesight = = poor poor• Fur type Fur type = = 75 – 130 75 – 130 °F°F• Resistance = highResistance = high
Giraffe #3Giraffe #3• Neck length = Neck length = 8 feet 8 feet• Camouflage = Camouflage = no spots no spots• Body color Body color = = light orange light orange• Speed Speed = = slow slow• Food intake = Food intake = 5 pounds per day 5 pounds per day• Eyesight Eyesight = = excellent excellent• Fur type Fur type = = 60 – 120 60 – 120 °F°F• Resistance = lowResistance = low
Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
• Neck length = Neck length = 12 feet 12 feet• Camouflage = Camouflage = highly spotted highly spotted• Body color Body color = = light yellowish brown light yellowish brown• Speed Speed = = fast fast• Food intake = Food intake = 5 pounds per day 5 pounds per day• Eyesight Eyesight = = excellent excellent• Fur type Fur type = = 20 – 80 20 – 80 °F°F• Resistance = highResistance = high
Giraffe #1
• Neck length = 10 feet• Camouflage = some spots• Body color = dark brownish
orange• Speed = slow• Food intake = 15 pounds per day• Eyesight = excellent• Fur type = 40 – 120 °F• Resistance = low
Giraffe #2
• Neck length = 15 feet• Camouflage = highly spotted• Body color = light brown• Speed = fast• Food intake = 5 pounds per day• Eyesight = poor• Fur type = 75 – 130 °F• Resistance = high
Giraffe #3
• Neck length = 8 feet• Camouflage = no spots• Body color = light orange• Speed = slow• Food intake = 5 pounds per
day• Eyesight = excellent• Fur type = 60 – 120 °F• Resistance = low
Giraffe #4
• Neck length = 12 feet• Camouflage = highly spotted• Body color = light yellowish brown• Speed = fast• Food intake = 5 pounds per day• Eyesight = excellent• Fur type = 20 – 80 °F• Resistance = high
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
Equal populationsEqual populations
Environmental Condition #1Environmental Condition #180% of tree leaves found at 10 feet or 80% of tree leaves found at 10 feet or
higher. Condition lasts 100 years. higher. Condition lasts 100 years.
Giraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #3 = 2 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #3 = 2 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #1 = 4 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #1 = 4 offspring every 10 years
*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Neck length Neck length
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
100 Years100 Years
4040
5050
2020
5050
Environmental Condition #2Environmental Condition #2Widespread bacterial infection. Widespread bacterial infection.
Condition lasts 200 years. Condition lasts 200 years.
Giraffe #2 = population stays the sameGiraffe #2 = population stays the same
Giraffe #3 = population cut in halfGiraffe #3 = population cut in half
Giraffe #4 = population stays the sameGiraffe #4 = population stays the same
Giraffe #1 = population cut in halfGiraffe #1 = population cut in half
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Resistance Resistance
A rat flea engorged with blood A rat flea engorged with blood ……the primary vector of plague.the primary vector of plague.
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
300 Years300 Years
2020
5050
1010
5050
Environmental Condition #3Environmental Condition #3Tree and grass shortage due to drought. Tree and grass shortage due to drought.
Condition lasts 100 years. Condition lasts 100 years.
Giraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #3 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #3 = 5 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #1 = 1 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #1 = 1 offspring every 10 years
*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Food intake Food intake
The Sahara DesertThe Sahara Desert
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
400 Years400 Years
3030
100100
6060
100100
Environmental Condition #4Environmental Condition #4Abnormal increase in lion and hyena Abnormal increase in lion and hyena
populations. Condition lasts 100 years. populations. Condition lasts 100 years.
Giraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #1 = 2 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #1 = 2 offspring every 10 years
*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Camouflage Camouflage
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
500 Years500 Years
5050
150150
7070
150150
Environmental Condition #5Environmental Condition #5Minor glaciation. Minor glaciation.
Condition lasts 1,000 years. Condition lasts 1,000 years.
Giraffe #2 = 1 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #2 = 1 offspring every 100 years
Giraffe #3 = 3 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #3 = 3 offspring every 100 years
Giraffe #4 = 10 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #4 = 10 offspring every 100 years
Giraffe #1 = 5 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #1 = 5 offspring every 100 years
*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Fur Type Fur Type
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
1,500 Years1,500 Years
100100
160160
100100
250250
Environmental Condition #6Environmental Condition #6Minor volcanism. Minor volcanism.
Condition lasts 500 years. Condition lasts 500 years.
Giraffe #2 = 1 offspring every 50 yearsGiraffe #2 = 1 offspring every 50 years
Giraffe #3 = 5 offspring every 50 yearsGiraffe #3 = 5 offspring every 50 years
Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 50 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 50 years
Giraffe #1 = 5 offspring every 50 yearsGiraffe #1 = 5 offspring every 50 years
*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Eyesight Eyesight
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
2,000 Years2,000 Years
150150 170170150150
300300
Environmental Condition #7Environmental Condition #790% of tree leaves found at 12 feet or 90% of tree leaves found at 12 feet or
higher. Condition lasts 100 years. higher. Condition lasts 100 years.
Giraffe #2 = 10 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #2 = 10 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 years
Giraffe #1 = 3 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #1 = 3 offspring every 10 years
*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Neck length Neck length
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
2,100 Years2,100 Years
180180
270270
160160
350350
Environmental Condition #8Environmental Condition #8Widespread infection. Widespread infection.
Condition lasts 100 years. Condition lasts 100 years.
Giraffe #2 = population stays the sameGiraffe #2 = population stays the same
Giraffe #3 = population cut in halfGiraffe #3 = population cut in half
Giraffe #4 = population stays the sameGiraffe #4 = population stays the same
Giraffe #1 = population cut in halfGiraffe #1 = population cut in half
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Resistance Resistance
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
2,200 Years2,200 Years
9090
270270
80 80
350350
Environmental Condition #9Environmental Condition #9Abnormal increase in mutated giraffe-eating Abnormal increase in mutated giraffe-eating cheetah population. Condition lasts 300 years.cheetah population. Condition lasts 300 years.
Giraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 30 yearsGiraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 30 years
Giraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 30 yearsGiraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 30 years
Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 30 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 30 years
Giraffe #1 = 1 offspring every 30 yearsGiraffe #1 = 1 offspring every 30 years
*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Speed Speed
Giraffe Killers!!!Giraffe Killers!!!
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
2,500 Years2,500 Years
100100
320320
9090
400400
Environmental Condition #10Environmental Condition #10Catastrophic global warming. Average daily Catastrophic global warming. Average daily temperature is 120 temperature is 120 °F.°F. Condition lasts 1,000 Condition lasts 1,000
years.years.
Giraffe #2 = 8 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #2 = 8 offspring every 100 years
Giraffe #3 = 2 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #3 = 2 offspring every 100 years
Giraffe #4 = population cut in half 3 times Giraffe #4 = population cut in half 3 times
Giraffe #1 = 2 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #1 = 2 offspring every 100 years
*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*
Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Fur type Fur type
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
3,500 Years3,500 Years
120120
400400
1101105050
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
Equal populations to startEqual populations to start
Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4
Change over Time = EvolutionChange over Time = Evolution
120120
400400
1101105050
Giraffe 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Apr
-00
Jul-0
0
Oct
-00
Jan-
01
Apr
-01
Jul-0
1
Oct
-01
Jan-
02
Apr
-02
Jul-0
2
Oct
-02
Jan-
03
Apr
-03
Jul-0
3
Oct
-03
Jan-
04
Apr
-04
Jul-0
4
Oct
-04
Jan-
05
Apr
-05
Jul-0
5
Oct
-05
Jan-
06
Apr
-06
Jul-0
6
Oct
-06
Jan-
07
Apr
-07
Jul-0
7
Oct
-07
Jan-
08
Apr
-08
Jul-0
8
Oct
-08
Jan-
09
Apr
-09
Jul-0
9
Giraffe 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Apr
-00
Jul-0
0
Oct
-00
Jan-
01
Apr
-01
Jul-0
1
Oct
-01
Jan-
02
Apr
-02
Jul-0
2
Oct
-02
Jan-
03
Apr
-03
Jul-0
3
Oct
-03
Jan-
04
Apr
-04
Jul-0
4
Oct
-04
Jan-
05
Apr
-05
Jul-0
5
Oct
-05
Jan-
06
Apr
-06
Jul-0
6
Oct
-06
Jan-
07
Apr
-07
Jul-0
7
Oct
-07
Jan-
08
Apr
-08
Jul-0
8
Oct
-08
Jan-
09
Apr
-09
Jul-0
9
Giraffe 3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Apr
-00
Jul-0
0
Oct
-00
Jan-
01
Apr
-01
Jul-0
1
Oct
-01
Jan-
02
Apr
-02
Jul-0
2
Oct
-02
Jan-
03
Apr
-03
Jul-0
3
Oct
-03
Jan-
04
Apr
-04
Jul-0
4
Oct
-04
Jan-
05
Apr
-05
Jul-0
5
Oct
-05
Jan-
06
Apr
-06
Jul-0
6
Oct
-06
Jan-
07
Apr
-07
Jul-0
7
Oct
-07
Jan-
08
Apr
-08
Jul-0
8
Oct
-08
Jan-
09
Apr
-09
Jul-0
9
Giraffe 4
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Apr
-00
Jul-0
0
Oct
-00
Jan-
01
Apr
-01
Jul-0
1
Oct
-01
Jan-
02
Apr
-02
Jul-0
2
Oct
-02
Jan-
03
Apr
-03
Jul-0
3
Oct
-03
Jan-
04
Apr
-04
Jul-0
4
Oct
-04
Jan-
05
Apr
-05
Jul-0
5
Oct
-05
Jan-
06
Apr
-06
Jul-0
6
Oct
-06
Jan-
07
Apr
-07
Jul-0
7
Oct
-07
Jan-
08
Apr
-08
Jul-0
8
Oct
-08
Jan-
09
Apr
-09
Jul-0
9
All Giraffes
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Apr
-00
Jul-0
0
Oct
-00
Jan-
01
Apr
-01
Jul-0
1
Oct
-01
Jan-
02
Apr
-02
Jul-0
2
Oct
-02
Jan-
03
Apr
-03
Jul-0
3
Oct
-03
Jan-
04
Apr
-04
Jul-0
4
Oct
-04
Jan-
05
Apr
-05
Jul-0
5
Oct
-05
Jan-
06
Apr
-06
Jul-0
6
Oct
-06
Jan-
07
Apr
-07
Jul-0
7
Oct
-07
Jan-
08
Apr
-08
Jul-0
8
Oct
-08
Jan-
09
Apr
-09
Jul-0
9