What is a past participle?

Regular Verbs: English add –ed (work worked)

Irregular Verbs: been, become, begun, broken, built, bought, caught, driven, flown, etc…

There are three main uses for past participles in English: 1. Perfect Tenses- I have broken my arm. 2. Adjectives- My window is broken. OR

I have to fix my broken window. 3. Passive Voice- don’t worry about it

Past Participles as Adjectives

show a resultant state after an action has been done

I broke the window. The window is broken.The girl sat down. The girl is seated. I closed the door. The door is closed.

1. Infinitivo 2. Quita la terminación3. Añade estas terminaciones

verbos -AR: -adoverbos -IR/-ER: -ido

Ejemplo: pintar pintado

Participos pasados irregulares:abrir→ abiertohacer→ hechodecir→ dichoponer→ puestoescribir→ escritover→ vistovolver→ vueltocubrir→ cubiertoromper→ rotomorir→ muertoresolver→ resuelto

*when using –ido you need to accent the í when it is preceded by an a, e, or o. → traído, creído, oído

Cuando un participio se usa como adjetivo tiene que concordar (agree) en género (masculino/femenino) y en número (singular/plural) con el sustantivo al que describe:

una chica sentada (f. sing.) unas chicas sentadas (f. pl.) un chico sentado (m. sing.) unos chicos sentados (m. pl.)

When using them with the verb “to be” ALWAYS USE ESTAR!!! (Can’t use ser with a past participle as an adjective)

ej. The window is open. (result of opening the window)

La ventana está abierta.

ej. The floor is wet. (result of mopping the floor)El piso está mojado.

ej. The door was already closed.La puerta ya estaba cerrada.