Post on 13-Dec-2015
transcript
World War One1914-1918
Causes of World War 1 (MAIN)
• Militarism = – Having a large army & navy– Glorifying military service – Arms Race between Imperial
Nations
• Alliances = Countries pledged mutual protection and support
• Imperialism = Competition between nations to hang onto / increase size of Empires that creates rivalry
• Nationalism = Devotion to the nation (extreme patriotism)
“The Spark”
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Future emperor of Austria-Hungary) assassinated on June 28,1914
• Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia & set off a chain reaction of war declarations around Europe
The Central Powers
• Germany• Austria-Hungary• The Ottoman Empire & Bulgaria joined to regain
lost territory
The Allied Powers
• Great Britain• France• Russia• Japan & Italy
Germany’s Strategy = The Schlieffen Plan
• 1st Attack France = Immediate threat• 2nd Attack Russia = Slow to organize troops / No
Railroads
Trench Warfare (Review) = miles of parallel, underground trenches, where
soldiers live & fight 24 hours a day over a small amount of land
“Over the Top” into “No Man’s Land”
Life in the Trenches• 24 hours a day
soldiers had to deal with:– Slept in mud, washed
in mud (trench foot)– Rats (Big ones)– Artillery Fire = “Shell
Shock”– Diseases (influenza)– No fresh food & lack of
sleep (lice & fleas)
New Technology & Old Strategies• Rapid Firing Rifles• Machine Guns• Poison Gas• Tanks• Airplanes• Submarines
• “Over the Top” = mass infantry charge over “No Man’s Land”
• RESULT = 1914-1918 Casualties on both sides = 9+ million soldiers (21 total)
Major Battles (Pointless)• Battle of Verdun (1916) =
German attack against French causes 600,000 deaths– Gain = 4 miles gained by
Germany
• Battle of the Somme (1916) = British attack against Germans: 1 million deaths– Gain = 5 miles by the British
• Eastern Front collapses after Russia surrenders in 1917
U.S. Enters The War• Loans to Allies
– British & French receive huge loans and equipment
– U.S. is invested in an Allied victory
• The Sinking of the Lusitania – Passenger ship carrying supplies from NY to London (128 Americans Dead)
• The Zimmermann Telegram – Germany’s secret offer to Mexico / Will return U.S. land for an alliance
• Joins Allies in 1917