ZigBee Protocol&

IEEE 802.15.4-Tanveer Jinabade-Dhruvesh Gajaria-Imran Kundawala

What is IEEE 802.15.4? Why wireless communication is necessary? Why is it called ZigBee? Various types of ZigBee modules. How does communication take place? Various network topologies of ZigBee. ZigBee & other types of wireless

communications. Future Scope in field of Automation. Research Papers References.

Brief Overview

The 802 Wireless Space

Physical layer and media access contol for low rate wireless personal area networks

(LR-WPANs) Basis for the ZigBee, WirelessHART, and

MiWi specification

IEEE 802.15.4 specifies:

A wireless network which offers:• Low cost• Low power consumption• Low speed of communication

IEEE 802.15.4 tries to achieve:

and many more....

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard was completed in May 2003.

The ZigBee specifications were ratified on 14 December 2004.

The ZigBee Alliance announced public availability of Specification 1.0 on 13 June 2005.

Much research is still going on with ZigBee.

Brief History

Uses the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol Cost effective Low power consumption Works on 2.4 GHz, 915 MHz, 868 MHz ISM freq. Maximum data rates for each band are 250

kbps, 40 kbps and 20 kbps, respectively Air interface is direct sequence spread

spectrum (DSSS) using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) for 868 MHz and 915 MHz and offset-quaderature phase shift keying (OQPSK) for 2.4 GHz

ZigBee protocol

ZigBee Frequency Bands

– “the software”

– Network, Security & Application layers

– Brand management

IEEE 802.15.4– “the hardware”

– Physical & Media Access Control layers

IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In Context

PHY868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz

MAC

NetworkStar / Mesh / Cluster-Tree

Security32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption

Application

API

ZigBeeAlliance

IEEE 802.15.4

Customer

Silicon Stack App

It has been suggested that the name evokes

the haphazard paths that bees follow as they harvest pollen, similar to the way packets would move through a mesh network

Why is it called ZigBee?

Bee dance used for communication:

The manufacturers of ZigBee module include companies like:

ATMEL

DiGi

Helicomm

Various types of ZigBee modules

Digi

XBee™ Series 2 OEM RF Modules

Reason: Cheap and easily available

Our Selection

Operating Frequency Band ISM 2.4 GHz Indoor/Urban Range up to 133 ft. (40 m) Outdoor RF line-of-sight Range up to 400 ft. (120

m) RF Data Rate 250Kbps Supply Voltage 2.8 – 3.4 V Operating Current (Transmit) 40mA (@ 3.3 V) Operating Current (Receive) 40mA (@ 3.3 V) Power-down Current < 1 uA @ 25deg.C Supported Network Topologies Point-to-point,

Point-to-multipoint, Peer-to-peer & Mesh

Important specifications of

XBee™ Series 2 OEM RF Modules :

STAR

MESH

POINT-TO-POINT

CLUSTER

ZigBee Network Topologies

Network Topologies

ZigBee Network Devices

ZigBee Coordinator (ZBC) (IEEE 802.15.4 FFD)

• Only one in a network• Initiates network• Stores information about the network• All devices communicate with the ZBC• Routing functionality• Bridge to other networks

•Optional component•Routes between nodes•Extends network coverage•Manages local address allocation/de-

allocation

ZigBee Router (ZBR) (IEEE 802.15.4 FFD)

•Optimized for low power consumption•Cheapest device type•Communicates only with the

coordinator•Sensor would be deployed here

ZigBee End Device (ZBE) (IEEE 802.15.4 RFD)

ZigBee Network

Co-ordinator

Router

Router

Router

End-device

End-device

End-device

End-device

ZigBee Network

Co-ordinator

Router

Router

Router

End-device

End-device

End-device

End-device

Obstacle

ZigBee Network

Co-ordinator

Router

Router

Router

End-device

End-device

End-device

End-deviceObstacle

ZigBee & other wireless networks

Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-device networks

Connectivity between small packet devices

Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.

ZigBee Uses

ZigBee Uses:

Research Papers Time Synchronization for ZigBee Networks

ZigBee: “Wireless Control That Simply Works”

Journal of Neuro engineering and Rehabilitation

Development of Ubiquitous Sensor Network

Wireless Technologies for Data Acquisition Systems

ZigBee’s Future

[1] ZigBee Specifications v1.0

[2] “Designing with 802.15.4 and ZigBee”, Presentation Slides, available on ZigBee.org

[3] IEEE 802.15.4 Specification

[4] “Network Layer Overview”, Presentation Slides, Ian Marsden, Embedded Systems Show, Birmingham, October 12th, 2006, 064513r00ZB_MG_Network_Layer_Overview.pdf, available on ZigBee.org

[5] “Designing a ZigBee Network”, Presentation Slides, David Egan, Ember Corporation, ESS 2006, Birmingham, 064516r00ZG_MG_Network_Design.pdf, available on ZigBee.org

[6] “ZigBee Architecture Overview”, Presentation Slides, Oslo, Norway June 2005, ZigBee_Architecture_and_Specifications_Overview.pdf, available on ZigBee.org

REFERENCES:

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