© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

CHAPTER 18

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

1. What motivated European powers to support nationalist revolts by the Greeks and other Balkans peoples against the Ottoman Empire?

A. They enthusiastically upheld liberal democratic ideals

B. Because it diminished Ottoman power and gave them more leverage there

C. They saw this as carrying out Napoleon’s old program

D. They wished to help the Serbs defend against Austria-Hungary

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. Russia was certainly not interested in such ideals

C. England and Russia would not push any part of Napoleon’s program

D. This occurred much later (1914)

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2. How may German and Italian unification be best classified, by way of setting an example?

A. Cultural nationalism preceding political mobilization

B. Romantic idealism overcoming all obstacles

C. Brutal, cynical politics overpowering everyone

D. Early 19th Century nationalist victories

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

B. Cavour & Bismarck were anything but Romantic idealists

C. On the other hand, idealists like Garibaldi and certain German philosophers played key roles

D. The time period is wrong, this was only accomplished only in 1870

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3. In Canada, how has nationalism managed to triumph over regionalism?

A. Through separating French and English speaking regions from one another

B. Through exercising stricter control from London

C. By eliminating French-English tensions within the nation

D. Increasing the scope of democracy and adding the maritime provinces

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A. They united them, instead

B. Rather, democracy was encouraged

C. They were lessened, not eliminated

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4. How did to come to pass that the victory of nationalism was accompanied by violent competition?

A. Because of relative poverty and resource scarcity among the competitors

B. The emergence of a global capitalist market combined with national pride

C. The strength displayed by indigenous peoples in resisting colonialism

D. None of these

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. These were in fact the world’s wealthiest nations

C. Against modern technology their resistance was not often effective

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5. What is meant by the term “dual revolution” with regards to Western Europe?

A. The strengthening of power at home & domination of colonies

B. Political & economic realizations of high standards

C. Elites now controlling both religion & politics

D. Economic prosperity & centralized dictatorship

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. The criteria for “dual revolution” are only applied to Western Europe

C. Freedom of religion was achieved under “dual revolution”

D. These countries had established parliamentary democracy

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6. What occurred as the Ottoman Empire weakened?

A. European powers propped it up as best they could to keep a balance of power

B. The Young Turks succeeded in modernizing and reforming the regime in the 1850’s

C. A power vacuum developed in southeast Europe inviting foreign intervention

D. It was agreed to create a demilitarized zone in the Balkans

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. They sought opportunities to exploit its weakness

B. They were exiled by a new sultan in 1876

D. No such agreement was made

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7. How may the Indian colonial experience be characterized?

A. Great pains were taken by the British to make sure that Indians never learned about democracy

B. India began its own industrial revolution, with cotton textiles

C. British economic investment in India was pitifully small

D. The British government did indeed fund the extensive Indian railway system

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. The education system in India introduced concepts based on liberal European revolutionary thinking

C. It was massive: one fifth of British overseas investment

D. It was actually funded by India’s own taxes

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8. What best describes the Chinese experience with Nineteenth century Imperialism/Nationalism?

A. Similar to that of India’s

B. The Chinese government was very quick to see that modernization was the answer

C. The Chinese government moved to organize its people to resistance and was therefore warmly supported by them

D. None of these

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A. Unlike India, China was never taken over by a colonial power, but under pressure by many

B. It remained very conservative and resistant to change

C. The Chinese government was weak, and the result was disorder

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9. What factor did not contribute to South Africa’s Nineteenth Century mfecane?

A. Shaka’s wars of expansion

B. The Boer trek

C. The migration of refugees from wars

D. Riots in the Cape Colony

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A., B., & C. contributed to mfecane, “time of troubles”; but D. never occurred

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10. What was not implemented as part of Muhammad Ali’s reforms in Egypt?

A. Army modernization

B. Conquest of the Sudan

C. Diversification of agriculture

D. Secular state schools

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A., B., & D. were all implemented, but since Egypt remained heavily dependent on its cotton exports, C. did not come about.

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11. What did most of the jihads in Africa during the late Nineteenth Century Islamic revival have as their prime objective?

A. Opposing Europeans & driving out the Christian faith

B. Destroying the slave trade

C. Purifying the Islamic faith

D. Establishing an Empire in Hausaland

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. The Islamic movements were not directly related to European activities

B. African Muslims were among the most active slave traders

D. This was only true in West Africa and did not apply elsewhere

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12. For what purpose was the Berlin Conference of 1885 convened?

A. To end King Leopold’s murderous Congo regime

B. To defuse potential European conflict by dividing African lands

C. To establish treaties with African kings

D. To suppress the Maji-Maji Revolt

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. In point of fact, it confirmed his holdings there

C. This was done later by individual colonial powers

D. This was done much later (1905-7) by the Germans

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13. How might colonial gender relations be best characterized?

A. At first European males tended to avoid native women, but eventually entered into sexual liaisons with them

B. Colonizing women formed a solidarity with their colonized sisters

C. All colonized people rejected the European style of gender relations

D. European women discouraged relationships between colonizing men and colonized women

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A. There was such contact from the beginning

B. This was not the case, racism played a larger role

C. Not all, some chose to emulate a European lifestyle

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14. How did the Japanese experience differ from that of other Nineteenth Century non-Western countries?

A. It was able to maintain its isolation from the world into the Twentieth Century

B. It didn’t, Japan ended up like China

C. Modernizing forces were able to take control and transform the country

D. Japan put itself under the United States’ protection

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. The isolation ended in 1853

B. Unlike China, young, vigorous leadership emerged to prevent this

C. They did not do this, but quickly adopted Western technology

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15. What did the Meiji government prioritize?

A. Education, with an emphasis on study abroad

B. Preserving the rural lifestyle

C. Peaceful relations with neighboring states

D. Opening new areas of public life & achievement for Japanese men & women

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

B. There was a great emphasis on urbanization

C. Japan was very aggressive and expansionistic

D. For men yes, but not women