Topics:Adjectives and the nouns they qualify
Adjectives of color and defect
The Definite Article
Sun Letters and Moon Letters
Adjectives that qualify definite nouns
04/20/23 1Arabic Language MCMC 2007
ل�م ق�د�يد ج�
ط�ال�ب د�يد ج�
An new pen a new student
Examples:
04/20/23 2Arabic Language MCMC 2007
ة ي�ار� س�د�يد�ة ج�
ط�ال�ب�ة د�يد�ة ج�
an new car a new student
Masculine:
Feminine:
ص�غ�ير� �ير� �ب ك ��ي غ�ب �ذ�ك�ي ق�د�يم� ج�د�يد�Small Big, large Dull Bright Old New
Translate into English:
اع�ة 3 - س�ة . ك�بير�
س 2 - د�ر.د�يد. ج�
- ك�ت�اب 1. د�يم ق�
ل 6 ج5 - ر�. ك�ب�ير
ة 5 ف� - غ5ر.د�يد�ة. ج�
- د�ار 4ة. غ�ير� ص�
ة 9 س� د�ر< - م5ة. د�يم� ق�
- ط�ال�ب 8. Bب�ي�غ
- ب�ن.ت 7ة. غ�ير� ص�
ة 12 ل�يف� - خ�. ك�ب�ير
ة 11 ي�ار� - س�د�يد�ة. ج�
د 10 ج� - م�س.. د�يم ق�
د�يق 15 - ص�د�يد. ج�
ب�ع 14 - إ�ص.ة. غ�ير� ص�
- دار 13ة. د�يم� ق�
When referring to a person, ير�� �ب means “long ق�د�يم� means “old” while كstanding.”
�م�ين� ث ض�ع�يف�
�ق�و�ي �ظ�ي نف�
و�س�خ� ف�ق�ير� ��ي غ�ن
Expensive Weak Strong Clean Dirty Poor Rich
A rich teacher (m&f) A poor teacher. A weak student (f).
A strong Caliph. A small, new school. A big, expensive desk.
A dirty chalkboard. An old watch. A clean room.
An old, dirty A rich mother. A dirty window.
A weak chair. A small hand. A big ear.
A smart missionary. A strong sun. A clean face.
An old friend. A poor, weak girl. A small car.
Translate into Arabic:
This is a new student. = د�يد ذ�ا ط�ال�ب ج� ه�
04/20/23 5Arabic Language MCMC 2007
Translate into Arabic: 1. This is a strong, old table.
2. That is a small, new chair.
3. This is a smart student (m&f).
4. That is a strong window.
5. This is a smart, new doctor.
6. That is an old friend (m&f).
7. This is a weak door.
8. That is an old school.
9. This is a rich man.
10. That is a poor woman.
11. This is a dirty room.
12. That is a rich merchant.
A doctor �ي ط�بب�
A merchant �اج� تر�
Exercise: point to the following objects and say in Arabic: “This is a … ...” using an adjective to describe it.
Correct the following sentences.
ة 1 س� د.ر� ذ�ل�ك� م� ذ�ه� د�ار ك�ب�ير و� - ه�ة. غ�ير� ص�
أ�ة ذ�ك�ي�ة.2 ر� ذ�ل�ك� ا�م. ل غ�ب�ي�ة و� ج5 ذ�ا ر� - ه�د�يد3 ت�ل.ك� ج� د�يم و� ة ق� ط�ر� - ت�ل.ك� م�س.
. ك�ت�ابة 4 ي�ار� ذ�ا س� م�يل و�ه� اع�ة ج� ذ�ا س� - ه�
ة. ب�يح� ق�ة5 س� د�ر< ذ�ا غ�ب�ي�ة - ذ�ل�ك� م5 ذ�ك�يB و�ه�
ط�ال�ب�ة.ة 6 ت�ل.ك� ك�ب�ير� ة ب�ن.ت و� غ�ير� - ذ�ل�ك� ص�
أ�ة. ر� ا�م.
04/20/23 7Arabic Language MCMC 2007
Here is a list of common adjectives:
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�ع�يد� ب ق�ر�يب� �ب� غ�ائ ح�اض�ر� خ�ف�يف� �ق�يل� ثFar Near Absent Present Light Heavy
Gق� ض�ي ع� و�اس� �ان� ب ح� ج�اع� Mش خ�يص� ر� �م�ين� ثNarrow Wide Cowardly Brave Cheap Expensive
�م� ال س� SسMو م�كر�
�ه�د� ت SجMم يط� �ش� ن غ�ر�يب� �اف�ع� ن
Whole Broken Hardworking Active Strange Useful
�يح� ق�ب ج�م�يل� �ط�يئ� ب ر�يع� س� ق�ص�ير� ط�و�يل�Ugly Beautiful Slow Fast Short Long, tall
�ح�ار �ار�د� ب Gئ� ي س� ح�س�ن� ص�عSب� هSل� س�Hot Cold Bad Good Hard Easy
ح�ام�ض� �ذ�يذ� ل �مMر Sو� ل Mح �ت� �ائ ب ج� ط�از�Sour Delicious Bitter Sweet Stale Fresh
Tanwīn shows that a noun is indefinite. Tanwīn is dropped
when the definite article ( is present, leaving one Damma (أ�ل.
at the end. Since .ل�أ begins with Hamzatul Wasl, it is elided
when it comes after any word and is written as: ٱ
ب�ن.ت ل�د و�A girl A boy
04/20/23 9Arabic Language MCMC 2007
ل.ب�ن.� أ
ت5
ل�د5 �ل.و� أ
The girl The boy
ع. ال.م�ة5 ر�ف�
definite
ة5 الن�ك�ر�indefini
te
ة5 �ل.ع�ال�م� أة5 ل�يف� ل.خ� ٱو�
ة5 ف� �ل.غ5ر. أل.ب�اب5 ٱو�
mي س� �ل.ك5ر. أك.ت�ب5 ل.م� ٱو�
�ل.ك�ت�اب5 أل�م5 ل.ق� ٱو� mأل5م �ب5 و� ٱأ�أل. ل�د5 �ل.و� أ
ل.ب�ن.ت5 ٱو�
Moon Letters 5ي�ة ر� م� وف5 ال.ق� ر5 ال.ح5
ة5 ، ر� ج� ة5 ، أ�لش� ور� mلس�لد�ار5 ، أ�أ�لنmور5 أ�لط�ال�ب5 �لل�ي.ل5 ، أ ، أ
�ب5 ، �ل.ب�اب5 ، أ�أل. د5 ، أ م. �ل.ح� أيل5 �ل.ف� �ل.ع�ي.ن5 ، أ ة5 أ �ل.ك�ل�م� ، أ
04/20/23 10Arabic Language MCMC 2007
Sun Letters 5ي�ة م.س�� وف5 الش� ر5 ال.ح5
If .ل�أ comes before a Moon Letter, its Lam is pronounced with a sukoon.
If .ل�أ comes before a Sun Letter, its Lam is assimilated into the letter.
Read the following words with the definite article.
ر�ي خ�ط�ة
ح�ص�ان
م� ج�ل
ث�ل.ج ت�اج ب�اب ر.أ�
ض Map Horse Camel Ice, snow Crown Door Earth
صح.ن
شم.س
ا س�ع�ة
ي. ز�ت
أ. ر�س
ذ�ئ.ب د�ار
Plate Sun Watch Oil Head Wolf house
ر م� ق� رأ. ف� غ5ب�ا
ر ع5ل.ب�ة
ظ�ف.ر
ط�ف.ل
ض�Bب
Moon Mouse Dust Box Nail Child Lizard
ي�د د� و�ر.ة
ب�ة ه� ن5ور ك.ت� م�ب
ل5ع.ب�ة ك�ل.ب
Hand Rose Gift Light Desk Toy dog
04/20/23 11Arabic Language MCMC 2007
The adjective that qualifies a definite noun must be definite.
اع�ة5 الس�د�يد�ة5 ال.ج�
اع�ة س�د�يد�ة ج�
ال.ك�ت�اب5 د�يد5 ال.ج�
ك�ت�اب د�يد ج�
the new watch a new watch the new book a new book
Read and translate the following:
ة5 يف� ف� ائ�د�ة5 ال.خ� ال.م�يل5 يm الث�ق� س� ال.ك5ر. و�
خ5 ال.ك�ت�اب5 ال.و�س�ة5 ة5 الن�ظ�يف� اس� ال.ك5ر� و�
ة يص� خ� اع�ة ر� س�ين�ة ة ث�م� ي�ار� و�س�
يل5 ال.ك�ب�ير5 ال.ف�غ�ير5 ال.ك�ل.ب5 الص� و�
The new pen and the old ruler The stupid teacher (m & f)
A tall house and a short tree A big door and a small window
The smart student (m & f) The clean, new school
A cheap, old car and a small key The expensive watch04/20/23 12Arabic Language MCMC 2007
Since proper nouns are definite, their نعت must be definite. Eg.
ي.ن�ب5 ز�ذ�ك�ي�ة
ي.ن�ب5 ز�الذ�ك�ي�ة5
ي.د ز�ك�ب�ير
ي.د ز�ال.ك�ب�ير5
Zaynab is smart. The smart Zaynab Zayd is old. The old Zayd
04/20/23 13Arabic Language MCMC 2007
ف5 ي5وس5ال.ك�ر�يم5
ى م5وس�اع5 ج� mالش
م�ان5 ل5ق.ك�يم5 ال.ح�
ن�ب�يل�ة5 ة5 غ�ير� الص�
ي�ة5 آس�ة5 اب�ر� الص�
ة5 اط�م� ف�اء5 ر� ه. الز�
The rich Uthman. Uthman is rich. Aisha is generous.
The generous Aisha. Maryam is brave. The brave Maryam.
The hardworking Khadija. Khadija is hardworking.
Translate:
Such adjectives have a distinct masculine form ( ع�ل5 (أ�ف.
and a distinct feminine form (5ء�ع.ال which does not end ,(ف�
with ة. Also, they do not take Tanween.
Masc.ف� ص.
أ�ر5
ر� أ�ز.ق5
و� س.أ�
د5أ�خ.ر5 ض�
م� أ�ح.ر5
�ب.ي� أض5
Fem.ف. ص�اء5 ر�
ق� ر. ز�اء5
و. س�د�اء5
ض. خ�اء5 ر�
ر� م. ح�اء5
ب�ي.ض�اء5
Meaning yellow blue black green red white
Masc. أ�ع.م�ى
أ�ع.ر�ج5
ص�أ�
mم�ب.ك� أم5
م� س.أ�
ر5
Fem.ي� ع�م.اء5
ع�ر.اء5 ج�
ا م� ص�ء5
ا ب�ك.م�ء5
م. س�اء5 ر�
Meaning blind lame deaf dumb brown
04/20/23 14Arabic Language MCMC 2007
Mاء �د�ة� خ�ضSر� ه�ذ�ه� م�ائ Mم�رSح� ه�ذ�ا ق�م�يص� أ
Mم�ر Sس� ق� أ ذ�اك� و�ر� Mض�اءS �ي ة� ب هSر� �لSك� ز� ت
Mق�اء Sر �اف�ذ�ة� ز� ه�ذ�ه� ن Mو�د Sس� ه�ذ�ا ح�ص�ان� أ
This is a yellow door. That is a green chair.
This is a yellow ruler. That is a white desk.
This is a red car. That is a blue pen.
Read and translate the following sentences.
04/20/23 15Arabic Language MCMC 2007
