Do Now : How do your cells get the organic material needed to fuel cellular respiration?◦ Provide an example (What did you eat for

lunch?)

Homework : Castle learning assignment

When an organism takes in & processes materials needed for

energy, growth, repair and regulation

AUTOTROPH &

HETEROTROPH

“Self-feeders”

Organisms that make their own food from inorganic molecules taken in from the environment.

Examples: plants & algae

Photosynthesis: use light energy to make organic

substancesEx.) plants and algae

Chemosynthesis: use inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen to make food

Ex.) deep sea plants and organisms

Organisms that must ingest organic materials already made in the environment.

◦Ex.) Humans, fungi grasshopper, animals

Ingestion: take IN food

Digestion: breakdown of food

Absorption: uptake of matter

Egestion: removal of undigested food

INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION: digestion occurs inside cells of organisms

Ex. Animals EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION: digestion 1st occurs outside cells then brought inside cells

Ex. Fungi, Hydra

1. Which organism is classified as a heterotroph?

a.) mushroom b.) maple tree c.) geranium d.) moss

2. Which life process is classified as autotrophic in some organisms and heterotrophic in other organisms?

a) hormonal regulation b) nutrition c) anaerobic respiration d) transport

3. A word equation is shown below.

This reaction is most directly involved in the process of

a) reproduction b) protein synthesis c) replication d) heterotrophic nutrition

a) ingestion → digestion → absorption → egestion

b) digestion → absorption → ingestion → egestion

c) digestion → egestion → ingestion → absorption

d) ingestion → absorption → digestion → egestion

Do Now: Regent question

Homework: Castle learning

DO NOW:DO NOW:

Breaks down the food you eat into small molecules in order for nutrients

to diffuse into cells. It can then be used to create a usable form of

energy.

Tract (passage) through the body with 2 openings

Approx. 6 to 9 meters long tube

One way One way tube from

mouth to anus

1. Mouth2. Esophagus3. Stomach4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine 6. Anus

MECHANICAL DIGESTION:MECHANICAL DIGESTION: breaking down food physically.

TeethTeeth: cutting, grinding & tearing increases surface areaincreases surface area of food before chemical digestion.

LARGELARGE

MOLECULESMOLECULES

ENDEND

PRODUCTSPRODUCTS

CARBOHYDRATES Simple sugars

LIPIDS 3 fatty acids + glycerol

Proteins Amino Acids

1. What occurs during the digestion of protein?

1. Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.

2. Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.

3. Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.

4. Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.

2. Which statement best describes animals that are heterotrophs?

1. They are able to convert light energy into useful chemical bond energy.

2. They are able to synthesize organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials.

3. They are unable to consume preformed organic compounds.

4. They are unable to synthesize organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials.

3. Which process is not included in heterotrophic nutrition?

1. ingestion 2. photosynthesis 3. egestion 4. digestion

1. digestion → absorption → circulation → diffusion → synthesis

2. absorption → circulation → digestion → diffusion → synthesis

3. digestion → synthesis → diffusion → circulation → absorption

4. synthesis → absorption → digestion → diffusion → circulation

Do Now:

Homework: Castle learning Nutrition IIProjects due Tomorrow!!!!

Gastrointestinal tract aka

alimentary canal

One way tubeExtracellular digestion occurs

Food enters Oral cavity Mechanical digestion (teeth) Saliva from salivary glands to moisten food Chemical digestion:

◦Amylase enzyme in saliva that digests starch

(BEGINNING OF CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION)

esophagus

Connects mouth to the stomach

Peristalsis: muscular movement that pushes food through digestive tract

NO DIGESTION OCCURSDEMO

Gastric glands in lining secrete gastric juice which contains: ◦Hydrochloric acid makes the stomach acidic

◦Pepsin enzyme to digest protein

Mucus lining to coat stomach wall

Chyme moves to small intestine

VIDEO 2:09

SPHINCTOR

Where digestion is completedDuodenum first part of the SI

Where most chemical digestion occurs

Where absorption of nutrients into the blood occurs with the help of VILLI

Tiny fingerlike projections on lining of small intestine Where digested nutrients (glucose, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids) diffuse into the bloodstream

Inside villi:◦Capillaries (glucose and amino acids)

◦Lacteal (fatty acids and glycerol)

NO DIGESTIONReabsorbs waterForms feces (undigested food)

Do Now: State the function of 3 organs in the digestive system.

Homework: Castle learning “Digestive System II”

Last part of large intestine Stores feces

Where feces is egested out of the body

The main function of the human digestive system is to

1. rid the body of cellular waste materials 2. process organic molecules so they can

enter cells 3. break down glucose in order to release

energy 4. change amino acids into proteins and

carbohydrates

1. absorption 2. osmosis 3. emulsification 4. egestion

1. ingestion and digestion 2. absorption and circulation 3. anaerobic respiration 4. protein synthesis

1. Esophagus2. Stomach3. Pancreas4. Large intestine5. Gall bladder6. Small intestine

Organs that help in digestionFood DOES NOT pass through these organs

Examples:- Salivary glands- Liver- Gall bladder- Pancreas

Produces bile Bile travels to small intestine

◦Emulsification of lipids mechanically breaks down fats into smaller droplets to increase surface area for chemical digestion

Big fat droplet

Stores bile until needed in the small intestine

Travels through the bile duct

Secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine

Pancreatic juice contains many enzymes◦ Trypsin digest proteins◦ Lipase digests lipids◦ Amylase digests starch

Travels through pancreatic duct

In humans, structures that release digestive secretions directly into

the small intestine include both the

1. salivary glands and the pancreas 2. gall bladder and the lacteals 3. villi and the salivary glands 4. pancreas and the gall bladder

Figure 21.5

TEETH

Incisors

Canine

Premolars

Molars

“Wisdom”tooth

Tongue

Salivaryglands

Opening of asalivary gland duct