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فقه الحج�Fiqh of Hajj
The Ultimate Bailout Plan
ج� ال�ب�ي�ت� ل�ل�ه� ع�ل�ى الن�اس� ح� و�ب�يال# �ل�ي�ه� س� ت�ط�اع� إ م�ن� اس�إ�ن� الله غ�ن�ي, ر� ف� و�م�ن ك�ف�
ع�ن� ال�ع�ال�م�ين�Introduction to
Hajj
Definition of Hajj
• Linguistic – to intend to travel to a place of great honor
• Islamic - to intend to travel to the House of Allah and perform specific rites and rituals during specified times at specified places
Manasik
• Manasik which is the plural of ‘mansak’ or ‘mansik’ which means ‘worship’ or time or place of worship. It can also mean sacrifice of animals or the place or time animals are sacrificed.
• In Shariah, it refers to the rites and rituals of Hajj.
When was Hajj obligated?• 11 opinions have been stated out of which:
– 2 are weak: before Hijrah and 10th year of Hijrah – 2 opinions are well-known and accepted: 6th year and
9th year of Hijrah• Ayni has stated opinions varying from the 5th
year of Hijrah all the way to the 10th , without giving preference to any.
• Qastalani states that the opinion of the majority is that it was mandated in the 6th year because that is when the verse; “ والعمرة الحج أتموا و was revealed. This is also the opinion of ”... للهHafidh Ibn Hajar in Fathul-Bari.
• Shami has resolved that it was the 9th year of Hijrah, and this is also the opinion of Ibn Qayyim, Qadhi Ayadh, Qurtubi, etc.
History of the Hajj
• In the 9th year after Hijrah the Prophet (pbuh) deputed Abu Bakr (ra) to lead the believers in Hajj
• Ali (ra) was sent to make proclamations about purifying the Haram
• This served as a preparation for the great and farewell pilgrimage.
• In 10 A.H. the Prophet (pbuh) performed Hajj, in what is called Hajjatul-Wida’
Why did the Messenger of Allah delay the Hajj till the 10th year of Hijrah?
• Makkah under non-Muslim control
• Nasi – distortion of lunar calendar by the Arabs
• Presence of Mushrikoon and their corrupt practices
• Not obligated till after Hajj in 9th year
Hajj is Obligatory with the Following Conditions
• Muslim• Free • Sound state of mind• Adult• Healthy• Possession of extra wealth that suffices for
transportation, provisions, and maintenance of one’s family or other financial obligations till return
• Women require a Mahram
Hajj mandatory immediately or with delay?
• Imam Abu Hanifah, Ahmad, Malik, and Abu Yusuf: Immediately, otherwise one will be sinful. They use the Hadith: فليتعجل ا أراد من لحج (Abu Dawud)
• Imam Shafi and Imam Muhammad: With delay as long as it is not neglected totally, therefore one will not be sinful by delaying it. But if he dies before performing it, he will be sinful. Their evidence is the fact that the Messenger of Allah salla Allah alaihi wa sallam delayed it till the 10th year of Hijrah.
ة% &ع'م&ر% &ح%ج) و%ال & ال *م(وا ت% و%أ
+ه* *ل لHajj – Step by
Step
HOW TO PERFORM HAJJ AT-TAMATTU’
• Umrah will be performed first
• In order to do so a person must enter into Ihraam
The Mawaqit
• The mawaqit which it is not permissible for a person to pass except in the state of ihram are: – for the people of Madinah : Dhu’l-Hulayfah, – for the people of `Iraq : Dhatu-`Irq, – for the people of the Levant (al-Sham) : al-Juhfah, – for the people of Najd : Qarn al-Manazil, – for the people of Yemen : Yalamlam.
• If one entered ihram before these mawaqit, it is valid.
• The miqat of one whose dwelling-place is after the mawaqit, is al-Hill .
• The miqat of one who is in Makkah is the Haram for hajj and al-Hill for `umrah.
ENTERING INTO IHRAAM
• Clip the nails and remove the under-arm and pubic hair. (sunnah)
• Take bath. If this is not possible then, perform wudhu (sunnah)
• Put on the two sheets of cloth. (fardh)
ENTERING INTO IHRAAM(Cont’d)
4. Use Itar (perfume) without leaving any visible signs of its existence on the sheets of Ihraam. (sunnah)
5. Perform 2 rakaats of Ihraam, with the head and shoulders covered. Recite in the 1st rakaat Sura Al-Kafiroon’ and in 2nd rakaat Al-Ikhlas. (mustahab)
6. Males should remove their head cover and not cover the head until free from Ihraam. (fardh)
7. Make intention for Umrah only and not Hajj.
ENTERING INTO IHRAAM(Cont’d)
8. Recite the following Talbiyah three times, audibly for males and in a low voice for females.
Labbayk Allahumma labbayk. Labbayk la shareeka laka labbayk. Innal hamda wan ni’mata laka wal
mulk la shareeka lak. I am present. O Allah I am present. You have no partner, I
am present. Indeed all praise and bounty is for You and the entire universe. You have no partner.
9. Remember that from now onwards you are in the state of Ihraam and all restrictions of Ihraam apply.
The Talbiyah for Hajj & Umrah
م� ل�ب�ي�ك� ال Lي�ك� ال�له�ل�ب �ر�ي�ك� ل�ك� ل�ب�ي�ك إ�ن ش�ة� ل�ك� د� و� النQع�م� م� ال�ح�ر�ي�ك� ل�ك� ل�ك� ال ش� LمLال و�
Forbidden Deeds during Ihram - Men
• rafath (physical or verbal intimacy with ones spouse),
• fusuq (sins) and
• jidal (argument).
• He should not kill game, nor point it out, nor direct to it.
• He should not wear a shirt, nor pants, nor a turban, nor a cap, nor a gown.
• No shoes that cover the entire feet and no socks
Forbidden Deeds during Ihram – Men
• Wearing sewn garments• He should not cover his head, nor his face.• He should not apply perfume.• He should not wash his hair or beard with
shampoo• He should not shave his head, nor his body
hair, nor cut [anything from] his beard, nor [cut] his nails.
• He should not wear a garment died with wirs , saffron or safflower, unless it has been washed and does not exude fragrance.
Forbidden Deeds during Ihram – Women
• Using perfume
• Covering the face
• Wearing gloves
Permissible Deeds during Ihram
• performing ghusl
• entering a bath-house
• taking shade under a house, or a canopy
• Wearing glasses or a watch
• Tying a belt around his waist to carry money.
• Women may wear sewn clothing, shoes, and should cover their head
ARRIVING AT JEDDAH1. Proceed to Makkah.
2. Arrange to put belongings at a safe place, hotel, etc.
3. Take a rest if required and fix a time for Umrah.
4. If you take a shower then remember not to use scented soap.
5. Remember the location of your hotel.
TAWAF1. Enter Masjid Al-Haram, preferably from Babus
Salaam with wudhu making intention of I’tikaaf2. Stop reciting Talbiyah and make intention for
Tawaaf of Umrah whilst standing on the black line, facing Hajrul Aswad.
1 Recite: Bismillahi Wa Allahu akbar and raise the hands and let them fall, in the way Takbeer Tahrima is done in Salaah. This is done only at the beginning of the first round of a Tawaaf and not in every round. Thereafter, do Istilaam, by raising the hands with the palms facing the approximate height of Hajrul Aswad. Recite Bismillahi wa Allahu akbar and kiss your hands. (sunnah)
Hateem / Hajr Ismail
Tawaf4. Proceed with the Tawaaf and do Istilaam in
every round. Perform Raml (sunnah) in the first 3 rounds and Idhtiba’ (sunnah) in all seven rounds.
5. After Tawaaf, perform two rakaats Sunnah of Tawaaf preferably at Maqaam Ibraahim. (Due to overcrowding, do not push to pray there but pray elsewhere in Haram).
7. Before going for Sa’y make (the ninth) Istilaam of the Hajrul Aswad. (sunnah)
Every Tawaf followed by sa’y will be performed with Idhtiba’ and Ramal
The Black Stone & Maqam Ibrahim
Sa’y1. Proceed to Safaa to begin sa’y
2. Stand on the crop of the mount from where Ka’bah is visible, make dua. (sunnah)
3. Do not do Istilaam, as is commonly done at these points.
Sa’y4. Proceed to Marwah
• Safaa to Marwah is one round and back to Marwah from Safaa is two rounds. Continue seven rounds in this manner.
5. Males should lightly jog between the green lights and not the women. (mustahab)
Sa’y
Halaq/Qasr6. Males must shave or cut the hair
within the boundaries of Haram. (fardh)• If cutting (qasr), at least one inch of all
the hair must be cut. (fardh)• Females must trim approximately one
inch from the end of their hair plaits. (fardh)
You have now completed Umrah and you are out of Ihraam.
8th Dhul Hijjah (Yawm At-Tarwiyah)
Before Fajr Salaah1. Make ghusl (Sunnah), pray two rakaats
(Sunnah) and wear the sheets of Ihraam (fardh).
2. Recite Talbiyah making intention of Hajj only (wajib)
8th Dhul Hijjah (Yawm At-Tarwiyah)
4. Leave for Mina (sunnah) after sunrise. (But nowadays due to the vast number of pilgrims, the guides start to locate everyone to their tents in Mina starting from late after Isha, buses carry on arriving in Mina throughout the entire night).
5. Fajr. (If you arrive early in Mina).
6. Zuhr, Asar, Maghrib, Esha.
Camps at Mina
9th of Dhul-Hijjah (Yawm Al-Arafah)
In Mina1. Fajr. 2. Leave for Arafat after sunrise.
In Arafat3. Dhuhr and Asr will be prayed together 4. Cannot leave Arafah before sunset.5. Leave for Muzdalifah after sunset without praying Maghrib.
In Muzdalifah6. Pray Maghrib and Isha at Isha time.7. Collect 70 pebbles at Muzdalifah and a few extra. 8. Stay overnight in Muzdalifah (Sunnah until Subh Sadiq).
ARAFAH
Night in Muzdalifa
10th Dhul-Hijjah
In Muzdalifa1. Pray Fajr and leave for Mina a little before sunrise.
In Mina1. Ramy (Wajib) of the Big Jamarah. Masnoon time is from
sunrise till zawal. It is permissible after zawal until Maghrib and also after Maghrib until subh sadiq in necessity
2. Stop recital of Talbiyah after pelting the first pebble.3. Sacrifice (Wajib).4. Shave or trim the hair (wajib)5. Now you are free from the restrictions of Ihraam and can
dress into normal sewn clothes and the head can be covered but sexual relations between the husband and wife are not permissible.
7. Leave for Makkah
The New Jamaraat Site
Muzdalifah
10th of Dhul-Hijjah
In Makkah8. Tawaaf of Ziyaarah (Fardh) with Raml
(sunnah). Do Idhtiba (sunnah) as well if you are still wearing the clothes of ihram.
9. Menstruating women should delay Tawaaf Ziyaarah until clean.
10. Perform Sa’y (wajib) as mentioned under Umrah
10. Now even sexual relations are permissible.11. Return to Mina.
10th of Dhul-Hijjah
Back to Mina12. It is Sunnah to spend the night in Mina.
Perform all Salahs on time. No other rite.
One may also spend the night in Makkah
Similarly the night of 11th and 12th Dhul-Hijjah may also be spent at Makkah
Mina at Night
11th of Dhul-Hijjah in Mina
1. Ramy (pelting) of all three Jamarat (wajib) after zawal - sequence small to big.
2. Sunnah until Maghrib and ok until Subh Sadiq if necessity.
3. Mustahab to make Dua after pelting the small and middle Jamarat.
4. All Salat on time
12th of Dhul-Hijjah in Mina
1. Ramy of all three Jamarat (wajib) after zawal - sequence small to big.
2. Sunnah until Maghrib and ok until Subh Sadiq in necessity.
3. Mustahab to make Dua after pelting the small and middle Jamarat.
4. You may leave for Makkah before sunset or else it is also ok to leave after sunset. If one stays in Mina until Subh Sadiq then the ramy of the jamarat as mentioned above will be wajib on the 13th Dhul-Hijjah as well.
5. Perform Tawaaf Al-Widaa (Wajib) before departing Makkah.
HAJJ COMPLETED
Must Be Done…Fara’idh or Wajibat
1. Ihram for Umrah 2. Tawaaf for Umrah 3. Sa’y for Umrah 4. Shaving or trimming of the hair for
completion of Umra5. To reenter Ihram for Hajj on the8th of Dhul Hijjah6. Wuqoof at Arafat
Must Be Done…Fara’idh or Wajibat
7. Wuqoof at Muzdalifah 8. Rami at Jamratul Aqabah9. Sacrifice 10. Shaving or trimming of the hair11. Tawaaf Ziyaarah 12. Sa’y for Hajj 13. Ramyul Jimaar 14. Tawaaf Widaa
Sunan of HajjSunan of Hajj
sunnasunnasunnasunna3. Perfume for ihram
SunnasunnawajibCond.5. Intention for Tawaf
Cond.Cond.wajibwajib6. Start from Hajar Aswad
sunnasunnasunnasunna2. Bath for ihram
sunnasunnawajibwajib1. Recital of talbiyah adjacent to ihram
AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct
Sunan of Hajj
condcondcondwajib11. Around Hatim
Condcondcondsunna10. Clean body, clothes & place
Condcondcondwajib9. Free from both hadath
Condsunnawajibwajib8. Walking for the abled
CondcondCond.wajib7. Walking counter clockwise
AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct
Sunan of Hajj
sunnasunnasunnasunna17. Jog between green mile lights
Sunnasunnasunna14. Idhtiba’
sunnasunnasunnasunna13. Ramal
sunnasunnasunnasunna12. Istilam
AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct
Condcondcondwajib16. Intention for sa’y
Sunnasunnawajibwajib15. 2 Rakat tawaf
Sunan of Hajj
sunnasunnasunnasunna18. Dua at Safa & Marwa
sunnasunnasunnasunna19. Spend night in Mina night of Arafa
SunnasunnasunnaWajib/sunna
21. Sequence between ramy, dhabh & halq
Sunnasunnasunnawajib20. Combine Maghrib & Isha at Muzdalifa
AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct
wajibsunnawajibsunna22. Not to delay ramy till night
Sunan of Hajj
Wajibwajibprefwajib26. Tawaf wida’
sunnasunnawajibsunna25. Delay of ifadha till after ramy of aqaba
Wajibwajibwajibsunna24. Sequence between jamarat
wajibwajibwajibsunna23. To spend night at Mina 10, 11, 12
AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct
sunnasunnasunnasunna27. Khutbah for imam 7th, 9th & 11th
فقه العمرةFiqh of Umrah
The 4 Pillars of Umrah
1. Ihram
2. Tawaf
3. Sa’y
4. Halaq/Qasr
Umrah in Ramadan
• Ibn `Abbâs relates that Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) asked a woman from Madinah: “What prevented you from embarking on the Hajj pilgrimage with us?”
She replied: “We had two camels. My husband and child took one and left the other for the rest of us to ride on.”
The Prophet (peace be upon him) then told her: “When the month or Ramadan arrives, go for ‘umrah, because `umrah in Ramadan is like accompanying me on Hajj.” [Sahîh al-Bukhârî]
Visiting Madinah
It is Recommended to Visit Madinah
• The Prophet’s Mosque is one of the 3 most sacred places on earth:– Kabah– Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah– Masjid al-Aqsa
Etiquette of Visiting Madinah
• A person should first go the Masjid and pray, preferably in the Rawdhah – the Prophet (pbuh) has explained this to be the area between his house and pulpit
• Then he should approach the grave of the Prophet (pbuh) and give greetings to the Prophet (pbuh), Abu Bakr (ra), and Umar (ra).
Etiquette of Visiting Madinah
• A person should be well dressed and perfumed
• He should not raise his voice and be loud
• He should not indulge in inappropriate acts such as wiping hands on the gate, kissing things, etc.
• When making Dua he should make sure to face the Qiblah
Hajj/Umrah vs. Debt
• If the indebted has time to repay the debt or it is a large amount, then it is permissible for that person to go for Hajj/Umrah
• If a person has to choose between Hajj/Umrah and paying off a debt, then he should give preference to the debt.
• It is not permissible to take a loan to do Hajj/Umrah (Hadith)
Hajj/Umrah on Behalf of Someone Else
• It is permissible to do Hajj/Umrah on behalf of someone else in the following circumstances:– For a living person physically unable, however
the substitute should have performed Hajj before
– For a deceased person:• Some scholars say the deceased should have
willed it• Some scholars hold the opinion that the expenses
must be from the wealth left by the deceased