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GEORGE..C. :M.4RsHAlt.\t..S,. RE~EA,RCH CENTER'.,. ..,• 'LIBR1iR:CQF c'ONGRESS
. Legisiative":Rofe,t>enc8 Scr-rlce.
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. HITRODUCTION lJJD 'CHRONOL~GY OF THE, MJ,;RSlli\LI: PLAN-
FROM JONE :; 'TO NOVEHBER 'j;; 1947 .. " " . . . /.
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. _Thorsten V. Kalijarvi"• ""1
November' 6". .1947- ~.,
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GEORGE C. MARSHALLRESEARCH LlBRF\Rv .
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~~~pe .~;ioc~~.to) ti~·:.se~9rid:W~~·~dWa; .~?-s.ad~riselyp~~~a:G~d. conti.:. :. . -.," : .--- "
_.. ,~, ,! .. " ,
rients1.1pp()~t·ed 'bY~:~ 'Vle~J- deYel~p~d:"and' ihEegra.teQ: :'~conom;i' donsisting of.. . . . . ~ . ' ~"'" ".' .' _., .
agricC;iit.U'.8; irldustr.w"and t:--ad~;. :Tile '.;v.~;~ sha'ttered 'this economy and.,~ , . .' '. ,-,; -' ': :'. . - . ~.:. " . .
·~rOl.lght .such unprecedented destruction tThRt tvli"o.·Years -after ·the defeat'6 - '. • • _ • '.. .!~. • ,
of Ger~~~y';'· the. whole contfu~~t, st~J,.l. flounder~d in :an economic' morass, . ..,. . - '. ". .
and it 1':as'doUb~ul. that· Eur0I:.e· cO,uld ever recover C0).ll.pletely·w~tr:lout·the. '.
assis'tauge of' the Un:Lted State$'~ Early ef.forts at ~eh~bilitation~ such as
UNRRA h~ii. rtotb'een sJ.ng;;.i;a:f+jf·:.ji~q(:;~~:$.trU~~~.: P'J;{'il;:~ politica,l~rid S96ial..,:. .'...... . . .. .:.: -' '~':~~' :: >" .-~' ;~~;.-" ..::r';". ':' '~";' ... _":'.' .' '.'front the:tapitalist·world was '9ha11enged by· ~ §trong ·tiend to the ·left~
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, • . .: ':';'" .'. " . <.'i " . ( " '-,,;" • . . .
Hostil;Lty 'YiaS beiilg:engendere~ .against tqe ·Un::ite.ct .8tates:. espe.cia,lly j,.n the. . ....,... ~ .
MOSCQ>:i..dominated East~rn Eu'r~pe;,!, ill· west~tnEu:rope socialist ·.~r~ups.f .' _. " '. ~. { • ~ '.' - • _:, .: I ._.: .' . • '. .._~. . '. '. • .
.assumed ·leade~ship•. CO~~Unist parties flourished~ . In an effort to ;of~~.' '.. -' . . -. .
" ) ~. . -. .However~ it was not until June 5~·1947, that a~ extensive ovorall
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~et:the spread' of commUnist influence and hostility'President Truman
o:f"relief and aid for Greece 'and T~rkey on
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. ,:iirino.,mced his Truman 'program
/ ."'i' : .. '.;. ~
Maroh '$h' 194i ~
progr.am (1) to assts't we·s~ern.'E1+rope and (2) to combat 'collJl~uni!3ril on "the
part of the Un{ted states'was given concrete for~~ Secretary of state. '.
George C" Marshali l speaking at the annual.f{arva,rd Commencement" .on that'.
date stated,,·.':
;. 'It is logical that thc'UnitGd states shou~d.do-v,hatever it ~ is able. 'to: q.o to'a.ss·ist .:in ·the return Of' norma'l .econQmic health in the world'" wlthout Ylhich ,there can be nopolitical s-tability :arid rio assured ··peace.~" . ,
. Ou,r poiicy is'''directed not agaim?t·· any CQUlitr'J 'ordoctrine. but against hung~r, povert;;;~~I:·,q.esp~ration'andchaos.:Its purpose' should be'the reviva). q£ a working, economy in the
.world. so as' to' permit the emergei1ce :0.-( :political apd $·oc:1,a1'.'. . ..
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.. conditions .:ill. 'which ·free institutions can 8XlS-c,. . Such .as.slB vance..lI·I am cOlw;i.nceci .. must not· he on' a pi!Jcoinoal basis, as. var.ious. 'crises,devoiop-. .Ani :'a~isistimce thar;':,this Goyerpnien'tmay r,ondgr 4-n .the<t~t1.1re shoulcC p'roY:\-d~'c!',:..cux,.e '.. ra.tj1er+tf1.an>a·?1ore.,'p'1?-l~t~,~iv.e:~...... "_. ,.' . '_~ny,;,goYer:imi?iJ"t' that: ·is· Tl1,iJirlg:.to...ass:r~t ..in "''thO ::task. '.,;,of recoverY: will find ·full·coop~ra:t~,onii:Irali1:8'1'1'6, or.~ ~be ;)?¥r~ ofthe unitad. 'S;t:,;:t'tes·".Govornmo.nt ;,' '.{'-Any· '-g()v,crriffiGnt ·whiCh.,mcwe,u.:v:er s to ".biQCk the'Fe'c~'veiy (of ·0th~ :r.:·c O1,lb.'t:r.;icc~' 9.cl:nriP:t ..e~~ o.~:t .. he~p' .1;·r'om:A1S'Q, "Furthermorc, ':goYernm.ents, poltt'ical'.p.arties or .groups.which' seek'to 'perpetu.ate·hulil~h·mi.sepy: ill:prd\:3y::to·.p'r~:qit,·t1:to;c~:fro~. pol~ticaJ,ly:or othervrise will encount!3r the" oppo'sition of the Unitod' States\> ..
"'" "<It;"iS "<;l,lr~aqy ev.~dc~?;:~p~~.t:·;:?~+Pte.:i1h:e ..1!n:i~.ed. p~~tGs....GbYGrDlllent ·:·.pa:h':'proceed .much;furthor:!m'~:l:-'G?::c~;ffo~~~:..t?'·.:~:llevl.a te.th0c sit;iiation.and. 'help': stii:r:~ ,tJ:w':Eil1i6py.:an::~prJ.~ 'pt;l ',~t;3 }'JfW: ~orocove0)., there m1lst be someagree;1lf3iit ~ong the countries' ofEu:r,bpG as to, th.e.. r~·qu~;remenbs.: ,of ;~t,~~>g~tUat,i~n,:?-!lr:l~hc :pa:st:: th0:'3~ ..countries. thQffiselves wil,l 1;,al~e ;in:.~otd.~t"to..~:giv8 proper effect· to'
• ' •.•. ' '.. ,."..... ..' ". ; ..:. {t .:,~ j'. t~ -.;.....: c, ' ,;' .':". ". f ~ •
.1'l;lllitever .actJ.ori .mJ..ght ~be. up.deJ;!'jjaI~\3n:;oy;' thHr'~Goy'8rnmen'G6:> .. ;;.:, : .';. .,
.: . " 'It;'--v70uldbG:'~neither ~f,ittilig nor"efficac'lous ',for :this ' ,<'; !.:,'
._:Gover~ent :c'o Uhdertake: tQ"dra-vv~U:p"'~ila td~ally'; p. p:togram'd~t,-:, .':-si~9-E:d~ to" ~lace ·,Euro)?El·~n.:i~s-: ,f'~et.: ~p()D;omiqally~, This· is. the ~. '.bu:sin~ss 'or the ,EurQpean~·"'.' The mi~:i,.atiV:e:;J::~hi:i1.k,.,:!ust:.com~,~ ,;;"",frpm ,Elll'~pe 0 Th", ro10 of. tpis .eoun:try .should· consist offr.ieridJ,y ...aili in·the'cfrafting of' a 'Eurdp6a!1'prog~am: and 'of l?-tersupport ,of ..such a'p+Qgr~,';so far,as '.it, may be_JiJ;'~6:t~~i, fo:t-.·lli"to: .dQ fio Ill' ..
'.': The. progrciil:;shQi.J.ldb~' a·.-joint 6n~" ag;reed·Yo by<a TIl?D.Qer>.. if 'not .all European nations.. ....
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InmlcdiatelyEUrope" led by Britain 'and France~ ,accep't6ct the invitation.. ,
Sixt~en nRtions~ '. c-o~~'~st~g"o~"~us'~~ia,"Bolgium;'D'e~a;~;, F~anc~'lci;Qoce;' -".. \ . .': \., ~ .;
Iceland, IrelaildJ.italy.. Lu.x6mbour~t th~' No:thori~;1.ds,. )J'orvlaJ~:' p~~'t~i.gal;J"
Suedo'n, ~'{itzorxa:~d.. TlU'key~ '~/~ho t~~~Od Kingciom~ ~o'i; 'in"}a~is' .;~ Jul;T"'.I .':.... ..... • ";'.;:•• ,:.. ' • ':"." .,....~ :,.', .. • .;.: • .: ~ ~ " ,I
12, and hon?oforth,wcre known as the' Committee at Europoan Economic Co-• • • • t • ': .' • -. .1" " ~ l • j ••
. oporatio,l1:l' . Russia, altho~~h il1Yitcd, rO~llsed t·opartic'ipa.to. and exerted .... :
her iJ:'1~luon~~ o~~;",he~:'~atei~it~ statos, BUlg~tia~ C2iech~-si6~akiaJ ·Finland..
HUngfl:ry" Polan~~ . Rumania1 and Yugoslavia· to remain away ~ Thus Europo
was de1ibGr~t~lY'd:tvid~,9:' i~t:;':;EA~tCrl;:'M,d :vve~tem'p~:rts~:o.ntho. -~ -. ,.' ' .. /, '- '.: '- ' ,,". ":' " '. ;~: .~:.~ '. - ' .';: .~~.'.'..
whether or not thoy 110uld cooperate .und:e:+~the:J.farshall.PlnnCi·'. & .
issue of
\>on July '12 the Committe~··of European,' E<;:G~§>mi6' Co-oporation fore-:- '
, . . ' 'I" ,. ., ! • , .' :, .' " .'...' . ,
gathored :Ln P;;'TiE?~:qUbdivided: int6 ~!.n~ll~·x::.bo~itt~e'B:~"a.nd embarked upon
the preparation of a repo.rt to be submitted in· Septembor to the United sta~es~
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3.·' A 19.;..memger~dvisory l?0[,lll1ittco ... als'o !:mown ·as ·theHo;rrimari·C¢mm:i:tt0'0; : Gorisis tipg' .~p!~~i'ipsJicira::ki;,~~,t~sB,,,;:;a~d:;f?1Tnl. loaders j .
to. s~udy th~"b~oad a~PQcts·qf:.tn~·£j:d·:pf9grdi~':~)jd·toadvise thoPresid:ent Hoh, the 1:tniits1dth:icn:,:Frh~chtho.. Unitod stf);tos:maysC\fely' and wise.iy .pThn,to·'extphd· s}.lch p.~sistance.l~ he~9,e~))y;, ..
, --:'. ;, ,Seor,E3 tar-,f of ·.Comm.GrCQ.'·W.~··A;Y6reil'Har~jimai11:,anc( fprisi~ting',:o(,>"various subcommittees.:. . ' , .. :
, • • w , ". :,'; '., ••:' .:. ',:. L '".:,'.;'._", ·.~'i ':'.; .. .' ':.: ' .~ ." .. .' ~ ,;', - -
· SubQomrnihoe "on. J~api:tai 'a+1.ddUrEJ,ble....g~o·ds :.' Hiland ......'. Batchc.ller .:(Pro's ';"1' Alleghony..,.LuQ.lttrll 'SteelC'orp~ ....· Pittsburgh" Pa-e), chairman; J~os Be> :,Carey (S.e.6· I Y_oTreas~of GIO);Paul ;Go. 'Hoffman (PrDs u S'tuaebakeJ:: r...
. Gorp." SOtlth Bend" Ind Q ); ·HarolcJ.'G.. Moul:to:q' (Pr.Gs ~'". The Br.?okings· lristitutioD,,' Washington,? D.. G~) 'II' .
:-r '.,
.treanvvhilB'~ ;,the' unit;ea:5ta:t.e~>pi:6p~r.ed.,,·to.·~;C~1~~h·;·~e;,::r:opo;rt of' the'::' ":- . .:. __ -;'~' .' ~ ,"~:'. 'i::~~:;;< .~f:~~·~ , ~{'.:.'.~ >~~';~";"'~'." :.~ ~':'::~ -:. --t;y.,~~? ~ \: ':'.~ .~:.~:;<~~.;. ~~<:~ ~~ .~' .~.~ ~ ...~:.: 1 ..;= ~', .:" ~~ ~~ :~.~ "~: ,<~.:);: ,..: .. ,Cormnittoe of ··Europeani.Ecqn6niip·: Coop:el,a~io~;.:{ :'Orr' JUf'1e ,2.g~. '1941, PrGs~dent ..:' . , ~ .. ~ ..., .~.::~~:.~ '~-... ,:,~>:.;<:,~ .<:,/.,1 - '~::,<,_.,~..'~.:... <I: ,.', ~-~~i::·.' '.":"\ -~;::'~::':<.~' ..~.~~(~> "-.~( ~ ~i~::·~i. ':'.:.' ,~' .
Truman set uP' .three corinni.4teos~. iis. foJJ;oV'lS: : .;' ,.~ ". "'" .:'. ::.
~~., ~·~:Gii,~,;'/:E6Qna~6:~:·~~dv.is;o~~'*)a~~:"·~~Wlti;~as:',':~h~;'f~;ui~s~, .' ColU~ ,
"m.:Lttee)'·'l\to·'stml~T.' the,dmpact'df"9-i..lr'~ecoi;lofuii-:· .o:f :oi:1-g..to otho.r''-'COuntrleS ~1t ·,composed 'of"~'ch4irrnl:ih ~D:r.~~ Rdviin n~'N6ur$D,. Leon ... Koys erlUig~" and trohh"Do: ci~r~~~~. J .. : ,,: ,: ,:: ,~. ':>':. '.. ' . ::~:~ :
.:. A.Oo~mittee:~i,-spo:iai~~: ·~~;~i~.·.:t~~ .. Gbv~rrml~~t;: ~1~O kn~v;n. as :.theKru.g Committee,i' ··to .stuS!-y:. ,:th~,'.sta.t~7,qf~-the-·n{l,tiDn IS, re-.
'sourc8s·:with.· .a'view ·to det~lmhing, the abilit;( oi',th,e 'Unitodstates' 'to:i'inimce then~rsha-111Jlan~·.. ,· . ,"',:':':': '. ".:-', .. '.:. .
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. S~bc~mmit'iee .btl cemS11.'1ler gbods:. ", 'JolJ.ti:, t.': coi'iy~'r' ... ,.· ; (Pres .',Bo . F.. Goodri~h CQ. i. AhTOnt' o~) ~c?a~l''lTIc,ln;
R. R.. ·Dev.px:~e (:E:res .. " ~roc,tqr and Gail1ble -co~;,' ..;Cllicinnciti~ 0.); Galtin B.. Hoover :,(pefln, Gr.a:d... ": .School, puke Unj..v.);Robert .R.: ;&!.chanan (Deap; Grad, •.CoIL... 'IOl'la state Co;L1.). ",' . . "': J ." ••':, " ~.
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SUbC8Il1l11i.ttce .'on f'o6d' res~Ul~~e8:' Chosto~ G'~" naVlS .: ," ," .. (PreSe:~ Fcderij1,l ResG~:.ve BaUk,,.St .. Lou~s, 1io~o),' ... ":. ,',"c4airrnan; Robert E•. Buchanan; William,· Tp 'Myers (Dean,.Call. of AgriCl.uturo, Cornell Univ..)" '~obert G. Sproul(Pres •., Univ",.of Calif.,). '. , •. " "".' '," ", . ','r
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.:. .' Silbeommittee on mahpoy{er'~ ,pau'i, G~. Hoi'fiil~1 ',·oi1a:ii'mo.~i .." .
. : James 'B. "Caroy~ :Gco.rgeMGan~-{SecrY'::'i'roas .. , k; :F:.' of·Lo); Rober.t }~"': I.il Folle~te-" , . ". .'
Subcorrrrnitteo on miiloral' resources':-, Robert koenig'"··tPres~.. Aj-;shire Collieries COQ ; '!ridianapoil..&;'· Irid~).$chairman; 11clvillo F. Coolba1J,gh (Golde.n.,. Colo..}; 'It.R~·.Deupree; George Hean;y~. ' .., .
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SUb~ornmi:ttee ... bntriinsp6:t~~ti:bn::G:ranvilie ,'Gon:vtay;;' ":·L:,rhf;j:.~~OSinciPO;t::Lt~h: Ship.pi.pgi.:o.¢';;(N8~V' :(9r~~'" N~,:'y~); ' .., 'chairman ;:j<j66:s:':B",':;:Car,:ey; ":Rohert· Kq·emg;.' ,Edl1ard·· ".·s.;~'·j~ason (p'~'anfS'cho'oi:' Ci;(·;:P1tblid.Aam-1nls·tratio'nj .... "
..:',' .. ::.~,~;t~~~.~ u~~.~:): :: ':, .,'>')~':~'~~:",~:.\ \::.:,~.L ",;~.-::~; ....,", :';.<"'" ~"':": '.: ".".:; .;l,>~~·'i" ..- ·"··;·Suhco:prmittee:'.:;ou,o'·cDnOmlC"pnq;:f.irif}ncia).... .;1l::J.alyses; '.: . t
" f;':', ::.avw1.i. ~D.~. Y?ung~.:(G~p.OrEJ,:); ..~le'qt:ri9d()'''):::1chairmari:;;;":~i~.;::';"~ ,:Harold Gq M~u1tQh~;·,.v{o)&1.nq~lph:.HU:rgo~s. (Nationa;L ';.
'Clt;y Bank';' ·Ne17.'Y6rk~:N~'<Y~)r P:aul'Q; .Hoffman; "Ccilvin B~ 'Hoo:ver'~': Ed1vard: S,. jillason~ .. '. ,'., "
. ..",' ~ :::-,!,~ :' '. '. ';.: ;:' :~.:'; :~-:'>,~,r;j'·(.::.~ ::~:':'{ .... /~::, ,.:~....:,\:.' . ,,~. -- ,,'
,Su.Dc6:qunit;tee. :bh·'or.gan~:zatJ-ori: ..:·." Qi!8r.D"q· YSJung;''. ·.cbairman;. ·ChestQ:r.G~·.!DaYJ;~; np4ui;l}'~' H6ffmb.n; ~.'
. Rphei,t M~ 'La '¥o11~tte:;~.:~dYrdr(S~· 'Maso'n; George', Meany,; 'Harold G4 MQ~lt:Qn~ .. ',,.· '. ". .'.",', '... ' ~::·:':<.. <:::.',:;;~·'~{f:\:!;(; .. e};..>.;;>. ..... '
.Fina:~' :Crafting '89jmnitt'Gi'J::;';: ':R:9l;Jej:it'::M~' Ia FO.J.;lf)t-£ef"ch~i:rJ:'!lar:t.l> ... '>:. ''', . '::,,::·,.;~~'~,~:~>h::'(/.· . '., '.' :.1
:.,. ...~':. . .... :' -.-', -<. : :.. -:." ",'..- .' ;" .. '
,~ I,. ":,~-:.<... :.;.-!,- .!.~:
.Dri .J~iy29 ~ 'the' House' of: R~;~6~~n1tiitives'·~stahlish~·d<thG.'Horto;t'·.Com-~. " " .. "... " . ." ;; :......~ . . :.:.' '. '.' '. .
" ~,
mittee a:rid .charge·d· it'with,the :roEip6n~:i.1:>il;i.ty.of s1.1ry~y:~ng the economic. .~ .. '...". ~ , . " . - . ~'.'- ,.' ". ' ~': :".. - ...,. '. .' .
cond:it~~~:s .,~1'. 'bp'~ '.Eutqpea'n: 'nail9ri~'. ~,h~~h' V'7d;'~~: ~oc~opera:t8.1hthe Marshall;
Plan:; The~(xnmittGe:chairiIia~ wa:s·· 'Rop~·· Charl:e~·:A ..·' Ea-t'oiJfwho:-als'~" headed'~ . . . ..... .' : '\ -, - .
the House. ;;~reig~:A.ffahs.~orrmliti:~e\"HB·w.a·~·:4SS'isted.~ Chri~-tiari A..-. -. '. . - " .,' . , .. , .' ..' . '
'.,f·
Herter ('Mass~)">Vice .Ch~:irinan,:and.,~::thG··i'ollowip.g.;.. ';' .'::',,::.;.: :"
. J~hn c.·'i~~k~~·;,'(~:~;··<': '). :~?~~'o~it~oe'A':: F~an;~:~'.·: :,~.Francis .E~.· walter' \:t;>a·.) r i ,"
.~ , - ~.:. ~;"': ' ~. . ,. '. . -"{
Francis 3 .. Case' (3 •. Dak.) .).: :': ..JohnU It · Vorys '.(0.);-' . ) :." , "Charlqs W·.; Vm>;sE:i';ll' '(111'.)<') ",sUbGomn.utte !3. :8, :7. Aij.~ttia" GermanyE. E. Cox"'{Ga·~.) ~;' " (~.... ,} ..... '. ' ..', ..:,,:' ". "; ,....::. '.:.'overt.on'Brooks·(J;,a.)' .>;:," ,'.
• "" -\". . ~.t .;_ .\., I'; .~ .'.
Charles Ao liYolvert;on··CN.J.} )W~· K. Mcicy (NoY .. )'.·:. 'f.). .Eugene J~~. Keogh~.eNoX6'). • '....:".. )SV-bq9~i tt\;l8 .Q..: - :Jlraf:l~or)3elgium.,A.. ·S. ]fake' MdnronGy.· (Ok~a'~)-.· ')' .... Lpxeobourg',' ··the '~Jb-Gherlands '
;=. '. -" . . •. ",..~, :',"" ,
Thoma~ A•.Je.nkins, '(Oe} .' .,)RichardM;" Nixbn·. ~Calif,. ).'.... )::. ;, ~: ..'_,,' ,:'; . ..,:.: .:_'.,: .>. ;.. . c, .
JameS' ·Pi. JUcha:rds·.·· (3" .. c'..1":'··):<Su'bcoJrrnitte8':::D .~:;",.., ItEd,y.;· aI/eeee·,,· TriesteGdorge-.it. ·'Thlahon·'''(Tex,. ):.: "',::) ,.;':. ','" .' .
. :....
August H.. Andre$en (M;i;rl.nit) ) S1.'j.0p0ll1P.iittee E - AgricultL1r~Harold D~CoQley (N.C.. ) .)
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',' • On sePte:b(2~;,~'tj~?,i~t;~'~7ttry'~~~~~!!f~i,~iicCo~opera-"'.' ti6n~.h.4.ving;.. ?~~p ~et~d:::i: tScl;~.1i~~era ~i.SnE;;.,:.~~:ep?:r:,t'?,dt'~ ,~?e~}'dGnt Trum9-rl al?-d,
. - .. ....
the.' D~p~r.tJJ;lGnf::;f.,state ~Vol,!:<i.of .,(}enera.i;,R.-~pO:ft""Pf~,~OIT1~,~t.e,e~ :signed, , " . '.
,::o:;;:~:t~~;~~crt~:i:~:!:~~;~:~~;;:~n;;l'::::~:e0:Ot::e
"
S:i,tuation,l The ..§.Qcond vo.!1;Un:;;·of tylG"rGp'or.t'-~1as to be rel,easQd at a later, . - ·t.;<:t':I.::: ,: ..:,,_~: 1 {.r, ::::;.-: }-.~.,:~,.~:_ ~::·~.l· _ \'~.;.. ' :'::.' : ;:~ :~:;.! ' . _. :: ', J ..
date and was to' be.. devoted 'to -&he"r~pb't't':'..Q:e:jjp-G; ;:G,ocl)htcaJ,.'..sl1bcOIJIilitteos ' bf .
th~ COnfore~ce'~',' c;cf~e- '~·in~'~..:;J,~~~ii::~j;a~, ..:~{fft.Ji~~;:. ~;' 'pr~f~~ ~o~:pbnniS Harris.'_, "'-~.,,,<;o
'-------....----'~. .
;_ :·M9anwhilo , ,' ~~t~ning".CQrigr.~.fisBl~n (ar1~·ot1::tPr.i.1s a<;lE?!9·. 'b.9~~mQ .c(m-yiri'~,ea..(. .', .. . . . ... ' ~·;;'~"'"i''' .: .' .:: ~." -..,~.; ":" t.:.. ~_;' 'r' ',': <~: .." :::'f l•.-· .... _
that ,i{ho :l;.opg-raJigeMarsh.all r1a;n<;:ov,1,q.,.J;y:rlipe .qovelop E3d:and s'Gt; into.'. "
opcr~~i'on' 'in ,~~e tomeet.:"mpend~~~'st~;';'~~i~n'"an~:~~~J~~uiti~'S'. in '-~v{~s:tern··• • ". ; • • • ':". .... - ". '. , ' - - . '. '. :.: ". -'. ... '. .... • • .'. -- .' 10 .: • ;', • , : '. ~':'. • •
Europq .,:.: :'Thcy yT E?r 0 :,pa,r.ticularly conpopl}?,q- }V~'tp ,intcJ;ini. aid. fo~ Frallce' 2,no. .. '" ' .. ' . ..'
Italy. Therefore': President .Tn-Man, ,r;m Octobor:23;: s1J.lliqlQ·n~dcpngi'os~to; • _ • .J .'. '. I... . l{ - ••..• • i, • ~ .. - '~.... .'. .' .'_ ~ - ',' ~.' .•' ',' ..••.' .' ,
meet on November 171 1947, fOr ·tho putpo.,se ,'of. ertact.in:g.~.lbgisla..tion: to. . , . .., " .. , ." ',' .. " .
provio.e_ interim assistance for Fran¢c' a~~, :ltalY:1t .. ';.,_ .' ..... . .:- :·;:'r·~~.·' .;; ...-
On, October '19;.·1947, theso-calJ_ed .Krug Gbmitteeraade .its repQr:t.. '. .' '-----. ", ~,: . " ,:: .'" ·r";.• .I.
The Har.r:iman, Cormuittee was supposed, to roport on' Septe~be,r15'but:"i-ias.:,. .:~'.,,, '. : .. ',' :" ,'.' .. :> ", .".~ .'.;- ,<':"., ..... "-- ,:,,',,'.,'::<;;.,.,"unable to do-so on time-9 :The Nourse C0m,mitteeTs delibGl'a:tiQ~s,,:'l1hich .'
• 'r, " ~:
'woro overall; we.J;'8 not schedulcdfor'l'eport; the-Herte;' Corillni~too:ril.oi'on. '
October 29; the' House Fore~gn i-Sfairs ColTIJJ;littccfand thGSonatb~'r~'i~n.,:,,·". ..~.. .'. '. ' . :'..:' .,.'
) ~ . .. ......: ..Relations Cornr(D:htco y,eresc):loduled to·meet j.ointl;y'-·'on NOVOJilbcr. lO;'.o.nd Cj.
., ," i .... '...
. mGeting of the Senate 4Pproprhtions bOD:l1ittoo was slatod i~r Nova~bor:·:18•... , '. .'. •• - •• '.: 1 '.<:; ':".:;~:.::. _'r • ~.' .. ' .::~. " •••• t ... ·'.:.
'l'vTo 'questions -?f .. ass~stanco' for, YJestQrn:~u.r'o:pe 'fere under' :ponsider~-
tion ilt the, time Congress was prorogued; one was _tho long,-range :Uarshali
Page 7
"I'~.
l
Plan; .th~· other w~s' th~: :Ln';erj.~ '~id> pro~~qiil i~r··Ffah~B~.an~ Italy,,' Os tens i-" ::.'l._' , ... • ',\: •••• • •.
• .: • : •• :'. • " Co '.1' .!; .~ . ',.',; :~. .:. ." '.' ~. . .' ....bly Congress was called·to den). rlith the· 'J;a.tter.:;.'in spo'cial' sDssion .and'cop].d';·/
. ' . ..' ", '. ' ';'.' ,...",.. . • .. , " :';" , " . .. '" jpostpone the ·long:·ran.ge program 1],ntj,l :the-b~g~nrri:'rig .of thc)" reguJai',,}lCS sionL. '
actu.611~· the tx{~~~s"ubje~ts"~e~B~d ·:to:c< clo~e.iY'·';i~td~r·~lat~d·t'O' make·.a ,~lea'r-, '., .. ....
cut distinction possible o", ; r" .. \:~ "
" ",=
, state. Se~retary ~org$"G~~l~rsha~~~l Harvard,Uniyersity COITmencG-'. . .' -'~. . , .' , '. - .. ' . -'
~ .J' .. , • .. ...•• ' .'."
mont spoochoutliheS .basip,for :the.' ,~90n'7mic r.oc~~erJT- of E'lFOpoJ sinco• ..' • ... • .' • • .... t. ,'- • .'., • I .' ~ :. • .... '. : .. " ,. _ " •
called the IIMarshall Plano ll
"; "
f" ." .. ,'."
. ',' ,.HBefcire the' UnitGd:.S'tatesGoyerrnnent: Gan proceed muchfurther in' its efforts' to' :~.~ ~, st,art··the,~EUi~·6'Pennv{orld·':olJ.>. itsway. ·to recovery. there must bo ~qme,: p,grcorient; aniong ,the " ".couni;;ries. d£' Eur?pe 'as to the ·r.oqu:Lrol;18iits,· of th'o', situation ....
", , and :tho':ppr.-t ,.thosecountries .thomp.elves· will take in order togivG'. proper offoct to vihatev¢r ·aetionr;:d.ght ·bO' un~Grtakonby'
'.. this .GoverD-rnent., 1I .' , ,
.. ",
'June .n" 1947 ,. ,:;••••••1••:.: -,,'~:. .:" . ,.r ...
4" .;•••
. ' ,"
PresidontTruman ,iri"-ott~vi'a ad~res·s".restatBs~Mafsha,l=l.',Do~trinQ,~n.~;" '
, ..... ' .'
June,12 1 ],.947·
"'-:- . ... '.:
sec.~.,qt~ry;:)iarshall, .aqno.u.ncGs.. i~1 p;res.s, comerehCo thn t ]5arshall Plan, • .' '. .' ':'" •. ' ,- ; "1 '.1. '.
Ju..ne ·1'.3~ ,1947 " ::",
Foroign Minister E~nest:~ovin,ot,Britain.hails Marshall Plan as
1I000i:i:'eal attempt ~.~. to, (create) .. a',l~.e!3-1thy w~rl~ t.~ (and pr?duce)
,.0. 'It
Page 8
" ..
. :}.'" .. I
·.;.···;t:L.·~.·
June 14,;, 1947, ,'~ '\-, -. ~ . - .;. -~, ...--"....~, • - .,....... ,,;.• ...=.; ...... ~ '.;.-,
discuss' proposalQ (French govcrmiGht -reportGd' to havo. soundlBdout :So"v:i~t.::·.
Union about participation in discu8sion~)'
June ,1.'5), 1947,.~ '
\':~ '.., J : . "'~J '!,}._-. "--, _~.
.'" "
Pravda, official Soviet Communist mouthviece~ in editorial assails
~I'" h 11 Plan as I\Pres.idont Trl.llnari' s plan for political pressure"'17'i in;·.':··....:·.......lVlars_ a. e-,.' ~ ~.,' , . .
doJ.larsl~ and as a program .of interference in the interne""l· affairs 0'£ other
states ..11
Juno IS" 1947
Ex-President Herbert Hoover~ in latter to Senator Styles Bri~g~si........ .,.'..
OhaLrrl~2.n of Senat~ Appropriations·ebrnmittee} ·without IDentibning Mars.hall
Plan, rais'es questions abOlit a' need for 'liraHati'dh·"of a'id to. foreign:
count-riGs,; :',.\.., '.:., ~" - .. -.. ,. '. ~,
Poiiits out: (i) United Statos 'c;'annotro'construet 'w0rld alono,;. .', .. (2) in two years we have .oxpandod 29 billion dollars; ,provided
13 billions in ro1ief., 'and D:recoTImiittod t6- 6 ..billionc;xpondi-·turo in· cODing year. Russian obstruction has cost tho Unitedstates billions; noed to coC'rdino.te all rolief, credit" &l.nd··. ., .'.oXport activities, prevent excessive prices and oxport~ modifyconsumption at homG, and in rGturn for our sacrifioos reqll:Lre..: ':as'sistancG to tho UnitQd states with s.tcckpilinE stratog:Lci:i.Y·Ba..:·-·· .. · -.'tcrials obtainable abroad for 'national'QafonsE}1l .... ;':/..
: .. ~,
Juno 16, 1947I, .:••L.•• ".
Tho British'Ampas~~d?~.in Mo~:m, is instructed to seo Forolgn'Minis~er::.:r····
.. ','.' .r'"
Harbert Hoover;; Allon Yf ... Dullos, James V. Forrostal, HaroldE.
Stassen, at commence~ents ~rge support of Marshall ~lano
Page 9
JUXle 16 $ 1947
. Undorse.crotary of" -State.-Db~n Acheson- announces at Wesleyan'. the· need·
for:: ti3.Jd;rig' an inventory, of oD.r. rOS'QuTci3s,.~
JUl:lO 17, 1947 '" :.; .
British ADbassador to lioscavr discusses IJarsha1:l-. Plan with Foroign
lUnister Ho1otov 1'lho askflfor further information.
JUl:lO 17" 1947• ',- ~.'. •; : f -" : ."; !.: " .:'. .- . .
Talks open in Paris be.ureen Foreign Ministors Bovin and Bidault,.:
. ~'."
accompanied by expertsg SDbject; (1) making raw materials accessible on.. • I.
equitabie basis; (2) el~~nation'of tariff and trade barriers; (3) fiscal
and currenc;yr reforms; (4) priority of aid for bilsic aroaso
Juno 19, 1947·- '.' ..
Tass .attacks the Bevin....Bidault·talks cas ilan attempt to make:; a deal
behind :the 'back 6f the .;3oviet ·Union·· and 'o;the;r European countrlqs.U .
June 19, 1947
III speech in n:oul;le of COrnr;lons, Foreign: ]nnister:.Bevin·warns that. ~: '. ~
Britain is' prepared to' go ahead with Uarshal1" f-la);).$ with or v-rithout the
Soviet Union'.· .:' ..,- ,
1'. i;. " ....
JUl:lC 19" 1947- ... ", ' .. '. ..~ -: .~: ~ .~i -. '.
! . '~.
'!'. -; . ~ .'..... 'i, .....
Paris talks broken ~ff· and invitation .sent to' Foreign. Secretary
Hol,otov to join -Bevin and Biclaultit
. :.
Tlw Soviet pross reports that the USSR ylishos further information on:'"
" ; ,'. ,.< " ..
the conditions of the credits to be granted by the Unitod states and the
relation of ,the plan to the United Nations Organization.
" .: " r·t... '/
". .': :
Page 10
-·9·,~'·'I l~ -"
04- .J,:. .
: presido;'t. TrUlnan~appoints:' 19":D.8l1lbe~:.e.d;visQ.ry. '.com..rnittoe (FIq.ft'1'.;man .
Oommitt'ce ),~, ,~onsi~ting.iof .f:L~~~~~~l-$:~:s~~e~~;:::'and:'f9.r,m '·l~ade,r.s" tD~ I~t:udy"'" ''. ~ :. • • r' ~ •• :~ ,". .:. • ....: .L\, '~.' i:.:; ~; ~" . :. . '. . "
the broad a:apGcts of the aid program and to'-. advise the I'r~sid0nt Cllonl\t~o" ,'",.
limits within which the 'trnited states may.' s?-fely and wisely plair t~ ax"';. '::o·l',.. .~ .... :.W.lI~P •• ~,I: I' Jll-
tend -such assistance .,.It', ,',,.
JfulG, 22,,1947. ...,.'....
1 ~io•• ) ro
,1
,Prqsident Trumai:l~appoints, a'cormnitteeofsP!3cialists ,within tMA. : ,>L;·, ':c;'. -.j:.. .
,govermnE;ll!-tJ (Krug' CQmmitt\ie);.to 'siudythe state of the ::tl?-tiQrils, ro~cmrce~,
vrith a viow to determin.ing the abili~y of the Unitod states to .f~p;ah~.~>~i..e :,> :"Marshall Pla11~,
June 22, 1947 '
President Tru..rn.a!l appoints ,.Council of: ,Economic Advisers (Nours,f!.' .Com-.
raittoe) to. ~tudy .n~heimpact on our economy of aid tQ ,o~her- couritrias. ll
June 23,." 1947.
Foreign. Uinister Ho16tov. a~Gepts invitation to B.ig Thrpe conferonce'.'...
scheduled for Par~s ~unc 27. [Britain1 Franc~~ Ru~siaJ
Junc' 24" 1947,• i,r..,.
. '. '.
Attlee, and Foreign Hinister Bovill"
Undersecretary of state Clayton discusses plan with. P:rimo lIiniste,:C.";'t.. • ~ " .,'. ':: ": :; :~.," r:' .. '. -, ~ .... p ..... ,
June 25, 1947.,. .'; ,.'. . .;. \: i',',: .. ~ 5',". \','
A Pravda· od:itorial exprcss.os concern o:"or. possibJp cc\nditions to~" .1.. ~:. 1;:~. .' ..
bo imposed by the· Unitod 'states -in rendering c;conC'lni~ assis~f:nce undor the ," .,~t·
Marshall P:].an o '. ,
. } ..
• ' II..t r....
\.
...... ).'(",-
Page 11
', .. ' .... : - .
-.20.,-....;;.." i ~. .
!
'-'-. _·-t ~-."""" . _ ,.- ., . " - ~
" 'J.,.;
.. postvra:bllboot1.;i:n, thQ;,Unj,.ted st~t~SI.1 ;'tiYiq:,tb,:; filcsg.oi1:the:· :t:ij;xGni·ng'eco+'a(,mic<·
crisiB,~n . , .. " , '.:.. (
; .~. t·;' ':,:_". :~.
J-un8.25,<1947 ,'" .', .. : . .,;
Secrotary of the' Treasury Snydor -rer,la:rksj ltall tha:t'.Secrotar;yr"trarshcill ..
has done was to invite European countries Ito sit doym. and 'soe what ·their '., ,,'• " ... ':'''' !~•• ' -'" ~ ••• ~. • ,,' •
problem. ;is.: ,He:dictntt say 'anything,about'letting,the Uo>'S .. knovr. hOW.ltJUGh
is wanted.·J,"t., ~ . .;
RussiC'''',." 'French, ap.d Italiancommunis-~s assai1~.1arshall. Pl~n. ds
'llIV-ostern snare Q II
June, 26$ 1941. ' ',.' -'t' . ,~".
.. " ~............... ':" .~ :,'
P:t~sident' Truman' gives. i:Iarshall ,Plan unqualified endorsement and'
through his National Advisory Council on Foreign Financing sends:~~eJ2P~-t'
to,that effect to Cc,hgresso ..
June 27, 1947
-, :- -
Paris conference opens with Foreign Ministers Bevin and BidauYGopr.?S~~g
Foreign Ji.linister Holotov in. several'ina'j or i'ssues~ ,
June 273 1947
...,,'
............ ,......
Anglo-French plan calls for·iIDTI~diat8 creation of a steering com~
mittee c0nsisting of Big Three and other states. Function: tO,coordinate
subcommittees charged with surveying resources and prograilning tq: me.l?t '
the :Marsha'll Plan. Russ'ia proposes that'the United 'Stat:e$ be 'nsked .tho
exact nmoUrlt -Of help-'shewouldbe wsilling to 'grant,' and thert each nation
should make ::\-ts own survoy and estimntes. Regards steering cC:r;u;).ittoe as':
meddler in domestic affairs of nations.
Page 12
" June 28, 1947
,.Junei8;. 19:47'" J
.'
. --: .......
' .
. '.~
:,~ ,
: ; ..,
. ,"~ ~
"
:':" ..
At Par~.s hc~ting of Foreign ;Ministers ofFrance~ Great Brit'ain, and"
'the' USSR~ FQreign I,Iihist'or Udatov demands that WashingtonspGc~fY,(3xt~r1t',
and, torss 'of aid to be granted under'1\:rc'irshall:·Plai'l,.·:
.' .June 29~ '1947 .
.'TnEfs, c('·rmnenting· on tho Marshall piar;conf8r8nf,.0~ yjaTl1sthat: the
conference should limit itsqlf t() c:1.c:0:,;\n1Uning.nai;.ionalnoods ·t'o BcrveM.,' i'.; , , .: ~; ~ '.
't' ·t.L·..·• il..n;y-.. a .lJo:mp1{s .:110, .:'
co:apel the';' 'ccnforonco to clr awup. an a;tI'7"ombrapihg :ecfJllomicprogram..·.fo:i:"';·
thC'Eurppoan·countrics .. .:"cal1noi;;· boo apccpted CJ.i3:a basis for croparation
among the ~urop8E;m countries ~ It It $tatos that vf[),r~d;"maged natioi}s .should
receiYo: priority in obta"lning' aid and ·that all ailied 'counti'ies s~louJd
participate ·iri .formulating the' ·program.
June 29:, 1947
Tass attacks Europe aid. progr2lll as ;,JIloric2,n interforonce in, EUTQP0'; ..:,
then calls for bro~dor aid pTogram~
Juno 30,' 1947-'-_.----.-Pope Piu.s endorses l",rC!.rshall Plan for European rocovory.
\
Juno 30, 1947
Po:risc0nforc'nca deadlocks' ovor Foroign Minister Holo-tc'V'r s rofusal. . . .
to accopt bisto' principle .of l1arshdl Pl2.n - that· Eurc,poan natio'ns: Sh:2Uld
first r:w.ke D. cor,1J;lcn offort· to aid thonsolves.•,, ..
'\'I "
Page 13
tt "
confidenc~'anlong the peopl~ concqrned~,~hat tho' world ~ill know penco 2.nd'"' ;11... :.' 'I. • : ,- •.. - " : ':.' • l:r,: : ~ .
"
<;.
/
• t .•
July 1.. '1947,"'" .. ," .
:" Secretary Harshall states to tho Wome.i:l's,National ,Pross Club'~in"'",,,·,-"',, ," ..... ~,:'. ~ ; ....~:_:~._.. '.' ', .
.",'" '. ;..• • '.~ • • • • r .' p .~, .' • "
, 'tho pUfPos'e'?-t l~ ;i~t~ridDd; tpai;"it- "shou)..dnot bo 'oxpono.ecl to sOl::V'e"'sci:rl"sh'-'. ~. -1, . - :~ .... , . ~.' •. ' ','"". .,::' , .- ..~~ .... "~' ~ ',. -:t. ":. '. . ~.' "" ,.,'
o~oncEliq or pclitic~i' interests;,' thnt- it s~c>uld help to ,r9storo 'hope o.nd. '.... " ".' .,' ,'. .'
s ccurity in' the future .. 1t
.: .... :. .... .#.-'
:foreign Minister' Bidault ;uggc~sts';~cmpromiso wheroby ,steering cc.'nlJ'littoo.' , \": ~ . :'; : ~', " ~ . ,;:. '. ~ . ~ . : - ...
w'ould bcic~')'p.e' cOX!L1I1it~.Ge of c09pe:r<;1.ti?n.. t'
" ~.i.J
.. ,1 ~ :.' • . > ..... 'I; " .\.:' -',1."
The" Th;:"oe Pd~-;8r conference breakEl. dovm in, s~rious disagreemon~ ovor, . . . .' - ' .. '.' . -
", ; '. ~ , . ~ ~ '. \'.;.' _ .' ."7. '
the fo,rm of cooperation that might be dovolopod~ For-eign lIinistor Uolot0v'. . .':: :: . . : - " • • -. -. ~'. : :' - ~ :.:.' ~ ' ••- ". • .. . '. • '. j : . "
July 2, 19,47'
The conference of Foroign Ministers of Franoo. Gront'Britain, and'USSR.
,ends., Fr2nCG and Groat Britain revoal intentiqn to push Marshall Plan... - '.
without Russia.
i~tor fi~q,sBs.sio1W of ' conferencd Foreign Ministor Molotov';oj~cts. ,
pla~ 'V!hich:\lo says IIwouid load to intorferonco in tho internal affajJ:'s of. ~ .'
European countri~s.!I
July ,2, '1947
JamGS P. ,'V{arburg says M2.rshall program marks the death of' Tru."11an
doctiine~,
,,';.
Page 14
13 ... "
July 3,,: 1947.. ' .
Foreign Ministers Bevin and Bidault issue j0int cOIi1TIuniqu6 in-
.\ . :' ~
..','
Europe for the next fow :rears Q'
July 4,' 1947:
viting 22 additional'European nationst(': poet"in Paris for ft~ther dis-· .':.: .:::':.~:.~..'... :_::~.....
cUSSiClrl of Harshall Plan. Prograo. calls fer cODn~tt8G of. co~per,~t~oJ}.·
topropa~o'repo~t by S~ptenb,?:r'1947. 0n available raoans nnd noods of
President· Trllijan at Monticello calls rejection of Marshall Plan', ,
for Europeal"i, reconstruction lIfallacious ~ q:
. " .~ . ".., -v "
- j""
July 4~·1947i ,.'
".:. ',;', .-.....-.-:.. ~:. ..:~'. ,.
, Foreign Socretary Bevin warns Russia~. Hthere comes a moment whon
. ,. ',. ~ .._-~
PrGsidoutTrDLlan states. :Vnited sta·t,~s·.shippod record total of
l8~433,OOO tons of food to noody, ~ations during~12,months onded'Juno'jo,,"~
July S~·1947-,), .. .' .~. '..: !'•. :... ,
Invitation of Foreign Ministers Bo~n~aD.d.BidaultaCGopt~d'by ten
nations for·conference ·to moot July 12~
Den,ma:rk, IrelandJ(Ital;rJ.; PQr~ugal,;' t08 !~ei~erla.ndEb 'Svw,den,Greoce,"Poland, Austria,. Czechoslovakia~)
Deadline ,for acceptance of invitatio.l1' .. s,e,t. ;as "of: .; . t. .
July 10• I.:'
July 6,.1947"CZGchoslovakia b"rinouncos
• • :t ~
she will scmd an observer to Pnris.,
July 7" 1947."
Tass,... offi6iai Russian news agency".. reports F0land, Yugoslavia,.'.'.-0'
and Rumania cannot attond.,.... :.
,.... . '. .... ~ .. ; ~
Page 15
,. .:,.-
July 8, 1947
~ '.' .,I,. ,:,
by RouseoL Cnnmr'ns "
'July 8,:J 1947- ~ .
Foroign Minister lmsaryk of Czechoslovnki2 states his country'is to be
represontcdat c0nforence by hor,ambassador ..
Poland,·Yugoslavia,t. Rurnania· repudiate Tass statement.of July 7.J
July 9" 1947
['Tass statement
~. f~ :.., ••
U.. S.. State 'Department; urgos Russians .to reccnsic1er their attitudei ~,' •
toward Paris CO~Jerence on 'European rehabilitation.
July, 9" 1947{: ,',
Rumania, BUJ-garia" Poland, Yugoslavia refuse invitation..
-,. '-. ' .. "... " . '.-. ~ ; "
• , ,,'~.'i.'( .
< "Premier 'Clement Gottwald of CZGchoslovakia, flies to UOSCOYl f,;,r ;i.n-,
strnctions.. ,"
July 10, 1947, .
Czech government' withdraw,E:!, 'i3.cceptance ,vv:hen Kremlin. instructions are
.' , ..telophc'.,nod by Prt;;mier: ·Gottwald :to Cz(;),ehoslovakia.
Reason given: ,uAcceptance of the inv~tationmight be .construed asan action 2.gainst tho Soviet Union. ll
<t; ...
~ "
Hungp.ry, 'Albania, and Finland ,,!ond rofllsal..,Europe ,sp,lit into ,East. and Trost,.
July 12, 1947
.:..~,.~ '.
ConferQnce convQne,s 'in :Po;ris ,at Quai, d I Orsay.. 48.qiplQmats •:r.opre.;" ".,;. .. ." . • I I·' : • ~ • • ,
In.J9.ttendanco ,-representatives of: ,.~i.istria, "Belgium," .
Denmark, France, Groeoe, Iceland" Irelp.nd, Italy" Luxembourg" the:. ,':. " ... "
Nethorlands, NOJ1Way, Portugal, Sweden, Svvitzerlnnd, Turkoy, United
K~ngdom. Not ropresented were: Finland, Poland" Hungary.t Ru.mania:~"B'uigaria," . ~ ..' .. ::'
Yugo~lavia, Czechoslovakia., Russia., .
Door left open to Russia and satellite states to oomo in subsequently
if they desiro.
Page 16
,.,.' .,' ,,_.-.-, .. ~' ., ,,-". - . ,.' -
,. .. ~.. ::',r.'
\"
, PremiGrci8~ent G6ttVialdarid' J?oreigr:{lii~ist8r11:asaryk b:l:'ing~' b'ack". . . . '. ". . . _.' .' ,-' , .
f'iv8-;y-6n~ "trag.e pact' with Russia~
""
..;', ~..', \.: ..
'"
,',
" .
Pravda: assails Paris, conference but', declares ED.stern Europ6a:n :countries , '
would 'take 'credits f'rom United states'on an individual country ,"9asi.'3'o
July 12; 1947....., ..
'B~lgari~n cabinet' cbmpl~tes B7:~ill~on dollar 'trade agreement for
1947/48, with Soviet ,Russia~ :.'.
. . ~~, .July 12, 1947 :
" '
Russia spurs trade agreomGnts' 3...1'i1ong );ior ·satelliteB o'f ·w):li:ch ,the ;"'r.,
Russial1o-:Cz8qh trade treaty c'onclur;J.cd at lIoscow was tl~e' first..- ' ": ' .
.'J~;i: 14~ 1947
"S?drotary Marshall addresses' Governors l crhf'or~ncci '~t BaIt Lak~'city~
Utah, on thepreservution of out natio~al intorests and of Eurc~ean
civilization., .,
July 14, 1947
Secr~tary Harshall -vvarns' tJ::lat United Stntes 'L.lust help" ,nntio'ns' of
w?storn }i;uroPe 'J;'ehabilitate themsolves or s~o' thein"drift into :Russian O1~bit...
July 14, ,1947 '
SecretarY of' Agriculture Anderson indicates that United sts~9~~fo~d~.' .
relief' shipments.'ne:;d y~ar will not g0 to couritries ih':Russian orbit ..
July 14; 1947
Harold E. stassen says: IlRussia Ii1ust be c0nvinced that 1\.1i1~r.ican will
not· have, a' depression. t~
Page 17
-:, :
July 1431947.. -
Secrotary of COIDDerce Hart:i..11lari ixi Lond0n in an interview states; (1)'
- unito~S-tat8s ,·~6t'·.Gl~s:l:'ng."cl.bc:r: ·to·:f~t~re ~ar:t~G:i_pati(\n' in HaTsh~l{~i~-n-:-~i-.,.' .... :..' .. ', '.:. . .,' " . .,
EurC',J?oan states 'not'p:articipating in paris::·cQp.;ter~nco;_(2) ,United stD.tos._ :~ . .:,': ~ . . .' . . : I....·: ',' '.~
not 0tt~chihg political conditio~s: to ~c0norn±c aid 'to YlOrlq.; (3)luno.r~can-,
. ..:' ':.
pplicy looks t6yrar<?-,. ·two.~VI'ay-.'thrt vij.1g trade.
July l2'- 1947 '.... . " .
• t,. . • " f
116rl):ing committeos -set up to prop,q.;ee I'eports qurin~ surnInGr and. to'. . ~ ~ . . ".
reconvone iri: Paris to complete ropo'rt fOl~ submission to Unitod statoson .. . . " ' " '.'..
Soptem~or'l", 1947. After 4-day sossion an overall opora~ing c~w\itt?o to'
diroct:th? ropor-t, and 4 sUb~omrllittoos~rQatGd to 'dea1with' (1) food' and
agricu~:t.u:ro.;..(2) irori: ··and st'cel, ':,0)' :t;;raj.1spc:rt,;. '(4) Tue1 <:-nd POWOl~~ .... ".. ,
July IS, .1947'
N011 ~i:roctivQ. issued to United states Military Govormp.ont inGer;nal~y
oruering L4 .. ·· General Lucius .D. Ciay. to to.ke all possible steps. to _inb~oas~.. ~~ln~n· ~r.O~ucti~n~ anq Urnted B~ates 'an~ Brit~i~ ;~aCh: tentat~v~ ~~Jr'~em8nt
.... • , . . . . • '0 ~ '" ...... ".
". on plan to, double German production..
July 16, 1947'
.I\:ngl~-IU~18ricaT,1 f:t;'iption,d~vo~o~Tover coal"produc~~onpr0E;rmJl in ·::lliJhr.
as:Britain urges ·socia1iQ!attcri of industries and tho United states 0ppo?.?s'" . .' .", : "., ." : '~:.'! . r .
" Ilsocial experim811tatiprill in favor of immediate production..
Ju-.:!_y 16, ;1947
pu;L;g.ar~a Cl;ncJ: RUfllan,ia·.,?-gr.ee. to, power, transport" and torri'tc:rlal 0.0.-..." •. ' .... ... . .l • . .>' . .' . .. f
justniont·pact ..
July 17". 1947. <f .' ..... . ~ .
.Hungary signs trade pact vrith Russia.
July 18". 1947I
Finland and·Hungary·sign trade treaty.
Page 18
July 18",1947.... '1".-
,l ~ •••• ." '••
- ."
, '
'Supp1cme"n,tary- appropriation bill carrying',ar:-1ditic1nc.l: ~~1~353)021.~;;900
18 millicins because they yielded to Russia .favorably repor:ted biT "vo~c~:
voto:,.frr:'m"HoU:so to,' 90nate.' HOUSG rofUi:ies ''toadbpt Di;ckscn, notiQl'l." to- ,C'
'.dony aid to ill1 nations that .fail to cooperate with 1:Iarsha11 P1o.il.~\>,\",>
July 19,,'"1947~,-
.~. .'", .".~
'Pr/;mior PauJ_Rc'1nadleror' ,Fj~anc8"suggosts that Ha:rshall,Pl[).n TJill rail(
unless Soviet Union e.nd its satellites' aro persuaded t(/t8;ko,part,~
,Frnnc'e, is' apprehenmive o.f t.-GrgeiScqle .tTlCrOMlb in :GGtmar 'proc~ll,c;t:ipn and
,~ .Amixis sa~io,i.:- Henri' B0lIDot, in Washing:ton· states; ',IlI::t' France j,'s ,ton.fronted .. ','• • ," •••• • ..' ~" ': :. " ',' " , • ,"~''>''
with docisions she cannot ,appr,jve; the negotj"ations in Paris coulcl b6 groP.-tly
cndnn;'cred. ti'u ".
iFr211C13 favors increased coal production but not Ger.:ll2.n ~tGCl; ,pr9~- .: .<.
ductiori.
July 21, 1947 "
"Presidont Tl'uman, in rapl;y to Ccngross, 'SClyS: Harshall Plan f-or aid,
.-r:'\ • , r .. • J' .... . .
to l'Juropc ·1J..BS' lIat' ,Grx8 corell, o'! ,Uriited -states foroign polic~i.', ' ~~st:i.ng, bene-
fits -make ,j,t ,.profitable to andure, tQmporil17 shQrtages;:. Iri'cmy ,case·, the::...' .
cost of e.f.fectiVB. fQrEiign aid will- be, only a small fracti.oli of" th~ C.ost "
of winning a,war e
July 21,. 1947
I:.
'.:
Secrotar.--j" )ilarshal meets with House Foreign hf.fairs CommittoQ ,inclosed· ':
session to explain his pl&"1 ...
July 22, 1947
Houso docides to make 'o1/'n-1 inquiries into foreign' needs duri.ng· recess
of Cong:i:'8ss apd i'nstrucl$;;Fore'ign .Affairs C'ommitt~Q, tr.> direot .in,:ostiga~ion;"
also sots up now 19-..111am committeo to make spacial inquiries.-,,·,'. 'T'
Page 19
i
JiJiv 23, 1947( .,.,\
•. ';"~~;"'~(' ..~: " ..
, ' S8.croi.!arY'~,Harshall :assures 'Forei'gn :ltLnistor Bidaul,t no:'dis,cussions
Anrlcunconetlt that the United states .'wil1, nC't ,undertake rolief, prcgrarr" '..
0' for POlclhQjo" . . "
.,'.-~ .-
': . '-Loridt'n Boa'rd 'of" 'lrado mmc\'unces ,l~nglo-Soviet Trade talks -in l'Iascow
have r8Qched deadlock e;
July 2h~ 1947
. Roports fr,om 1~ndJ0n .and' Paris ·stat-e'; ,F0rdign :Mini-stcrs Bevin and' Bidault,J
to c('me. to: Washington' ar-ound :ll,ugust 15 for dis cus sio:p ·VD.th SeC'l~oto.tr:r, Harshall~
Ruhr' question to be' dis ClisB cid in Washington 'in· tho ,:iJi1II1edia~Go future VIitho\it
Fronch representationo
July 25$' 1947 .----,.
France indicates Willingness to participate in ThrGe POYiOr co~eroncq
on Gon~anprob1oms~
July 26 3 1947;..
L'Osse:rvatoro' Ronano s ·Fopal· nevlspapcr,' urges '1JestornEu':!;'opon,ll states-
1J.:n ,to pay' ,attention ;'to' Russian foo.rs··that Marshall ;plan might represent:
danger ·for 'sovercigi'lty Df EUropoannations·.·.· .' ' ..
iIoscowgrants Albania a HSBa11 credittr for machineryo
July 28,1947" ' ;,
At a meetinG of the UN Economc and Social ,Council the Soviet· repr'e-. ,
sentatives. again reject a French plea to participate in the lIarshal~.Plan.-:.... • - - ~ ~ •. ' "J
ThGy-st~te that ~he UN·has not officially been informed of· the Plan and. I,' • "J.~.
f1li'ther. that: ·the 'Plan calls:'fGr'rthe':reCOf1,struction ,oiEurope linlmd closelyto Gorr:l2.n econoqy... . . .. '<,; . '.' .
Page 20
~ , .-
'.':
.....
) .. ' .:.".
\ ,
-:...,... '. :,~ .. ::.:-~. ·r ......:'.. , .. l....-..I!· ... ·.t••~.:'; • .' .•. ' .~_ ....A •• ~:
. Secrotary 1iarshall ·assures FrC"...ncethat hO!r' .views will be invij:,ed.· 0)]. ... '. .' ....;.' .' . . -:. ':. -"; ~. ';':> ...., ;::; -' . . .I - :7""" -,. :':';:_ ..:." ~'.' .. \ :'
Ru..hr coal ano. 'German production 'questions" .r, '. ' ,',. ' ~ .:. . .
_ .J ' .• :' ' •• : . ,'. " .: '., _. ~.
" .)~:;'~;. ,': ;,', ;':\Y' ,;",~.j;~f~;~.'X",\:,·;"":,, ,:.":\. - . f. ~ .• , . ;.~, .
Aug\1st '!6~ 'i947~ " " ..'.:.'. ,'.', .' "':..,::~!/~~·;:i~.:·::.; ,~.. :__ /:;:.:' ':." .'. :' '=.·:'~~';~,HD?t{~<:'.'::" ;, ',: ..C9BrrlaTldo'r ·.Qf·. Soviot; ::zotie in.·'d-cr.LWtty::,'ri3i'u?,8:;; }to:· 8:pS::lin~,quos:l?~6riria?-~.e· ,.' '. "
::;::~f~~!,;~,\~g~J::,~tt1~t~i];~:~;\~r"t~0t;~:~~i~~~f~~~!~~;~"EitIt is" arnoun:cQ.d that the 'iJidto21. states rGtUJ.1 ns ·her' quota 'ot approxi- . ::.....;,
-', ': . -' ·\'1' .. ·.···.- . ";~-'::'4;-'~-::' ":,
tlatoly 28.wartineBeized ships.to Italy:"," :.' .. :."~",,::,,", - : . ~
.~
;,- .' '~" ~.'-
,:r,,'
sta'te.s .ap.S:l )3~~itain:.,.. ,'..... ,.. ' -:- . '.. ;. ,:"~ :~'t"::: .~ .. '.:'
:';""- ';.,\'.. ~.;':- ,."." ''-~.' ". :.
-. . " 'r~ ~
. ,~- ,.-
. I
\ .. ,.' . ' ~ " .. " ~) • :" '. . 1."', . "
,:' : Rub.r co'al. p;oducti~n talks botv~~en,Uni~od State.sand Reitain'~·~;e.P.· .in ':.' '.:;":\ •• ' !~. \.:, ••• ',' " • .. '.,.
. ",' Franc~' a~6epts invitp,tion to c~rifer wit}], UDited, ~, '
in' Lbho.cn:'oh· ';i3..ising·· level ~fG~rlj1[m ind:\lstr±ai ,oupv.t·~,... . .' . ,':'., . ".( " "
ll.ugust '12'~: "3.9'47:' .'-;.' ,
llashington,.
l\.ugust 13~ 1947· j ... ':
-, .' . ~.. '
St0to Departm~iit issues point by point denial' of all' charges 'made by' .. '.,, - • I ,', ..... - •••• ,. •
. . '. ,...,. l' - .Marshal :Tito against United states and rominds'h~thatherefusG~ to
" ".
?; . . .'..
" '. ~
.\ .~..- ..".:
. ,
United' s'ta:t'e,s' .cancelS 1 billion dollars ~f w,ar clams' agalJ;lst .Italy;.·" . . ' .. '. '. ., . . \' : ' .., ..
_:urif:ree:lios, 60"miliLbn' do~iars in ~mr assets; signs over .to, Italy ·28 ships ~. ";' . . ':.. " . ", ".;, '.', ' ..
soized' cluring':Wariime; redeems '10:--15 million"do;llar's in scriptisBued to.:, ...... ., .
I ..~. .' , . . "'.,Italian war ,prisonemin ·the United States;··trirris Uni~ed states' clailV-!?' .
.'" ...
; ,".
Italy later':this yea:r;' . A secon~{pact 'oove:J;s' +~turn, of. i,)row~; ·jlJn6rican.... ,.: ~', ~
. . __ ' '. . . . _ . :;:..-!_:~,'. _"ut..::..... "':'~"~.; .... ,: ..
against Italy to .5' million doD.ars; agrees,to sign friendSil:ii:p':pac~-vi{tli::.'· ~.-~ .. r ~. '-~._. ,.~ -
__ ' . • J "' .. ~ " •. " . '. ~ • , •
proporty ,in .Italy' arid retirement' of 136 J?illion dollars in, 'prE;;y!ar Italian
bonds. A ·third pact C0vors disposal of;. German external assots 0 ,:
Page 21
;, , .,....... ........ .', .. : • !. •• :: • • -:•• :. '.::'1' . . .r::;' ,; .
.SY~eaker Martin appoints/Rep .. Eat.."n to hoad 19...,nbmbcn; grouP.1 but Rep!',~ ,( ~ ;".....>.' I .'.. . ........: : .: . ' " ." ". ,:". '..::' . ".
'. Herter, to heCt(j, the group when ..it. GOG~ ovorsoas .{\.ugust.. 2T~,. Als'o·;;;;~25,.OOO.:... ;,-t':":." .• ,. . ......: .... . .• -' ..' .
vO~Gcl, fOl: Rep, Ea:ton I s Forei~~\:\.f.fairS CC'm~1it tec ..
..... . .' . .~ . Soviet'~Yugoslav barter'· anC:l '9rQd,i'J:; agrqo1Jl,o.ht .. is announced 'in'Uoscm\r~
'<"'A~~~~~t':i;:--~~47"'~' " .....:,.:..~)< .~,/.. ::;.:>:.':-::. ;'.,: :<: :~~.. ." .'..'.' ' .. ',:;' .::- - ' , .. , .
: ':,> ".S~crGtarY· of 'V{ar. K8T1.net~ Ct' Royiiil,d,e'rd!3s Ftqnqh' r0P~~ts ,:-t,h,it' S:tate. ""~.' ~ ::., .' ::. ~ . ..... . .:.', .. ~"" .. ~~. ;'." ':::'.,. ~ ~; : ...." .. ' ," ..,- ..... >' ~.
or Wa;' Departmen:t have. agreed to Qonsult:j!ro4P!1 bofol~eraisiDi levE& or; . . . . " . , ~. . :.,. . ' ;. ~ .
, G~r.man.'in.dusf,ry ..• , # '~. " '.:" ~. •
.~.. .. .
,~ August;": 3'~ ':1947
,'. '-!"i-di~~~ii~ Premier. Dimit;ov' .returns to So..f;ia after. ~o~6i;;ding 'agr~e-,'. :~ .....~:_/.j:,': ...: ...:....,,~,. ',' . r ••
.ments·with·Marshall.Tito fpr customs union9 aboliti6n of visas and co-, . '.-', '... : .'
-', '. '.!. ..-': or,clination.- of, forei,gn policy*
...... '. ,.,'. '. '
~ .: • t
1rr~ .ChUrchill in spe8Qh at Blenheim Pa~ace':~ges ~r~t~~h'sGlf~reliance.' ." • '. ..... • <
'. ··and s:~,at6s: lfThere is no qhame in one brave. an,cJ.. faithful ally1: doeply: in-:-'. - t··..' :. , ..;,.
,:'jured in the' '9ommon struggle, askiJ?g anothor to help hin' rGco.v81~ and staric{,-
" ~ '.
up-aD: his' f8~t~w·
.' A~gust, .'5~.. i92a" .. '
.f";' ~ • : • ~ '. "
...... :', .: .. , ...-'
. "','.' ,-,. ': :':- ...,,' 1,1 •
'"
:" ..-: '0 •
... ~~O:RGE G.. MARSH.Al~ :..... ;.'.' :;: ',: ~ .. ~ESEARCH,: LfBRAkl' ',<:~. '.
...... . /.' . " '. . . '. -. ." ~ -.'.- , ,.'
"...:..". :.: ;, '. ~ " ~.'
: •• t •
" .
Page 22
:.;,. ,
. /.
22 '-:--.'.,
~'. '" ; .. ~. _.' .., ",:" ,'.~
Augus:t:":31;, ·19.47... - '..,' ,......' '. ., .' '.. .' .' ,'. :., . .'.,'., ':";"'" ,. ..'
- , ~e':i;Bfl, 1":~iQ"~~~~S}~~han:p~~~;;t':"X::~>d :-~- :-_:'-;< t/iSeptem~er. 3p... ·194L:.;,::-', .., . j,
secret'''YLovet~~ay~'~~~~~~n~'?~;:'":',ei;oh~~p;':~;.'~~ g~~~:~~?>
dainagcd food. pJ..~C?duction.
t ". :" . '._.
·worso· .f3:.1?.'~qri than .Qxp,e~.ted; ~lq~ ~.o_·~ta9:t·~... o.:r; .l}od;.\1·j.Dc;lu.ding dJ?0ught, and. ;: .. '• • ••• ':, "-, .....:. .; -;' _';>-, _ .of :..... :••~. ,..', ,',' ':";." • • ~ •• ' - "'''';;.'' :s' ....._:... ,::
. ',!',
. .
September 5, 19h7• • J. .:~. _ ••
the
,. '- .'.
''':,' '.·wash~h~~~n.,Angig-Amer{,ca~:, :~'f)C~~S~~l~S :;f~~Ch. ~gre~me~t: £~ P~.~~\,~~~ .;:joint.. Rperatio;o, .. of Ruhr·. niines "flOW 'operat.ed.. 'by. Br;i.ta:lit" .' ': '''.J. :"
. - \ "r.. • ,:_ -:. ,': .....:_~ .'"0: - •.:., .l·.~ '. -, I;' ;' . l, 5. :'''' :,.~'~': ,.:' .... ,.. .' ....
B.rita.-il::t .r~j~.c:ts Russian pr.·otests .~~' 'J'1~'~ PQV~:e~ .pact';'. ~~i,~;Lc~,3i..114>.. ·f·
RUiBsia:: .:Cpr..:r:8:i~~.J:;l~ ':~~". tte:at,..;;QE?:sm~J:,.'Jl~,: 0.l} .;Gl?-Orlcil11;~,~ unit t ,:wh~pi} '1Y~~,~ro.yi_ci~~. ~ .. ',.~:~,.: ". "", ~; ..._.. - "::., .1 1 -.;. j'-' .;.,', ",~ '. ·,.L· '. " .' .' - ,.'-
for in the l?_ot~dam. ~gr:~em~nt,~; .: J • ,". ::~~. '.::. • .,
'. '.' " ",' " , • '. ':~ :' : l l ., -.: .' : :', '-' ~: " •
". ".
"
SePtembor 10.... 1947. ~ ,:,:.--.'.,~. : ",' .~. " .'~';" .., ::::,'.'.;,;..:..';' :.' . ~~ " -. '. ~
.S.ccrotarY :Marshall' tel],s .news 'conJ;e:I;"~~ce Bvr6pe' '.f§tce,s-: }rinto~o.rab1.9: .... • • • .,., , _'.' . , ':"; .••. l·.1 • .'.
, ' .. { '.' :hunger and co1d't next 'winter unless emergenc;;y food and fue:}:_ a,re ~p~o'ride.d....: . '",... ,:' .' ~ .~~~ <:::': ., -' _.,.~~:..' :,-Soptember 10,. 1947
, '.: ~;- .. ," .
. "." SengtorRo.bert. A... Taft' opposes ~pecial sess.ion of .CQ:ngr,pss .on·
basf't3' tl~~i}.·r.ep~~t~ '~al~~~~',:~'~" C~~~l~t~~".i~~i~.Ja0u2,ry•. ,. .,' - . ~ ' ..,. ..'" i' ','
Septcmb8r 103 1947·'
:- Ft);r:eigrt ,·.M:i,.llir~ter:' .B~)Vih. suggOEl~S .Unitod. $tate,s .-stC?-rt. poacoiJ,:Ln\0 ....,- ,'-.,.. , '. ... : .: .'. '. .:.. ,.~...: " .... .. ,.-.... .". . .
iend-lease prog:c,p,.m. and redistribute .. Ft III lCn'oi g6J;d~ , ,• . " , ' .• ,.l_ • ~ • .'. _. • ..'. ~.
Sept:Gniber '10 ;J ],947 I ',; , '.! .;. ,
. . '~.' ""~'.::. ..•.. 1...
i:~ (':, ..$ecr~tq.ry..1{Iars:QalJ, announces -Chat ·p.i:p~ri?··.·rioc~9sarY for ·appropr~ate.. ! .,.. ' ", . .'. ..". : . . . " .'. - . - -' ".;' ,'.
congrcmsiQna;i .action on.. Eur.opeaF' suppiies '~nd reliof. iv±lJ.'· b.G, r'q~dy· ,in,• ~ •• ::' '" ~. • .... • ;' .,' ••••• .' .' • , , ' ,J
:tatt'Br part· ..qf Octob.er •.': "'>
.; ..c,
Page 23
. ~',''2;L':'" .." I
August 2i~',:J-947,
state.Ue~artment:disc16s~~ that'a prote~t has ,been reqeiv~~ from~
, So~et '~nio~ 'aga:i41~t ~~hding ,~~hf\:;'~~'ri6~ o,f:"tfii:Lted' St<:Lt~t3" Gp3atB:d:tain",." . .
'"
an:l France to raise' ~dustri~l l~v:el' of·-AnglO-..{l.merican' zone 1n ~e'rinB;llY'~:""<,"':, ,". .. ~ '. ..
'August '25, ':li;tLa" ':,' ':" ',:, :' '. .: ~ .'" .
. ', 'Russia b~rs' C~ngressi6nal subcormnittee'from entSJt'ii"ig:t)1r.e ~oviet
, Unlon,.
August 27 ;, ,1947'
Secretary 'Lovett' at a news' conference 'states; European r~qovery, ,
program' be'ing draft8'd in' pa:ri~ ~B9t,:l?E:?),Ir.~~~!?~na:ri1-~:and r~a,listic'.. tlA~~u~'t"'28;;t'1947 ,~ . :~ ,><.:' :,', " ./:';> ',' ":-'
~~
"YVilii~~,i.. 'bl~iton, G~'9rge ,F" KeP-nan> ~iVJ~' Douglas" Jeffers,on• • ~: ". t .:. :" '. • • • • : ...
Caffery in Paris to consult, op' ~;irfi[ii:ing down fir~t' estima;t.es of'the " .." ,
Conrrnittee 'or European Economtc Go-op'eratioD.o '
.~\:.':., .~:<August 28~"'1947'
.'Hert~r C9mmittee sails for'Europe.
August 29, 1947,!
'As a' 'result of 6...day confereIl..:ce 'in Lond6h~, France~ United,stntes
and Britain' announce plans for restorat~Gn of'German 'illdustrial production'.... . . . ,
to 1936·levels ..
, -, Tall-;:s :-h~ld in "spite' ~'f Rus~ian:'P.;;o~·ests" ' , Fail to: p~ov-ide"
guar~ntee 'that. France will r8ce~ve'~li"R~c~;~o~lc'and coke she ~eeds",
assured: (1) German reQovery not to be given,priorityover ~emQ~rqti~:
]fr'ance
countries; (2), derhi~ita:rizcl.tion of Gennany the":primcp:1"oT;:)je~tive';',{3} ,any
new Dnited stateS-Britain' plan,'wJ.:ll o~' SQ. 'd~a~'n up: ~~, hot,,'t6" 'cil~owthe
;ROOr to become an instrument of aggression; ,'London decisiori>~ubjcot to'o '. • .) •
change 'by Big Four foreign.minister~ in November London meeting.
Page 24
\.~.' :
~ -• z.
•• ~ h.... 0 •,;,. 24 .~ :.,'. :,';~.,::/
\, I
.'.-
.' " \.....' .... 0.::.:'
IIshov.rdown with 'Russian i q ' ;inevitable~' .• .: ~ \ : J
~ ~~- . t .'.
Sep~ember..1Bl·1947·. ,,'" ....,.;;:~> ,,,,.- Hou~·e'.' Speaker ·~~:~ti;· aPriounc8~,'P~·e·~iete.n:t':'Tr)1ffiftn·has failed' t~
'. ;: ,~ : '.' '. _ .;::: ':'" ." ...',.. .' '. '.' \ ':. . ',' '":.- :" ". .': I :' .' I '- .
,keep Republican leaders inf.orffit3.d .on:Euro'pean, ¢.qnd:j..t;ions; ,S80S,no noed for ". . ,,' - . ......; i . 1 ..; ••\ ".''. • " .,: :"!' ; ..
.\
.', .~) ','
, .",
September 18~ 1947, .' .:'! '..
"':: .
: '
J'. " :. '.
,Sopator'Taft'~ndorsGs ~arshali,Plan in Los A~ielesG. . .'. .'
': .:: "... ,
. • ,-. "·1.~ ;. '. \
'Sen..' Geovge' n.. Aiken'rec6m..rnends ExPrur4":':)inport Bank' aid to ltalYa "• _,," • ~ '. " . , ," " "., I "
Soptembor' i~~. 1947. ' ' '..• ~
.. .. (', "
S~Vi~t Deputy For?ig~ Min~~t~r y~shi~Sk$charg~s united'S~at~~" ,
. ,I ,
with war~ongGring.~.. .' . .,'" ,-.:}
September 20, ,1947' .. ' ·\:f.': .'-:. ,
.. Senate Ap~ropriationB Committee meets 'to ?iSGUSS !~8~ican
"Soptombor 201' 1947 ' ,
Arthur, H. Vandenberg" Chapman bf",the Senate ForeilSD: Relationi3. ".. ' ..
Committeo:l SGet? .ai4' to riurop8 ~s:vi taJ:'.,.
• b:. \
.... .I 'r-
Page 25
......./ .. . I
,>.'~~,
,. Sep±embQr li/1947'·
: . "I .
t "s~c~et~ry' r:a:r~man' stat:es' Mar·~h.a:l;i .Plan :wii~ inV:?lY~: ·~~€i.~~~.~a:l.<:'~':'.... :~~~e~~.lA~nt~~~9.~~~~·iEf:':6';et:;e~6it~'~·i:-: >:!-;' ;.~, .;;.;.:- .. >:.: .',...../ .. ~:.:.. :~:;,'. '.' " .;7 ..
, -,..." :i ..
. :;I;~ /" • - .. 1 : " :'.,. ~. _ •••• • • • •• ..-:,." -:
September"12 ·-1947,:· ': .'. .' " -. \ : .....:' ~<':.. ,::,,::> ::...;;:/. ':~/<..';..~~ :: . ~ ..:__ ~;"'" ;.:<,.; :; ..:.. :.".:-~.~:', :-.. : " .'5". f\, .. .', •... ; :.,",; ...•... ',: ~ ~ .
. ~. :.' ."::."'. ";The l6:..na:ti·on i Eurqpean' Ei:onom:id Co~ciperabion' C6mmit·'t8e·;in' Par'is, ~"'. . .;' " . .', . " ,\:'. .. .'~ '", ,': .... "',' , . ,
'··arllio~ri~e·~.':rep'pr~· ~1:4~ ,sept~~be~ ~5.j,··;deiayed at l~ast'·.a '~{eekl·",~~d~'s·t~tes. . \,' .-:'. . \',
that 'tho 'Driginal:2~ billion do~lar Gstimates h 0ve been.pare~.~o 20
b1.llion dollars,.'
s~~te~ber~i21 1947 :'..'. ,
i
~..
~id' coiJ.:i;'Grcinc~ in .Paris acc~pt~'6 basic. condltions.made. by.:.... ..'. • ... ",,' • . • ~. :"r:~;r•. ~ :~"', .... ... ~ ... "1" : '.. '.~, :.' .,,}',' .: '.,'" ..
SciciC:tcirt ci~yton, "n~Gly: ;(1) ··-t6~':;tal!;:?·:··~qqi4t~' stops .t:~~;rn~d~ financial
,/ ~n~ ':~9~6.~~~JT s'ta~iiity~',(2/:;~'?~:~i;b'~~~~~~;t~;·'·i;'~prOd~~~'i'j~:p;~~r~j.·.' 0) ..to .agree to reduc6 t;ade :.b~f~~~;s~'· (~) tp dG~uct ·.6~Pi,~~~:"'~pe..d~ ~'fi~a~?Gd' :by TiTQrld Ba'~; (5)_~; fb~. C~~'{ipu~ng organ~z~tign"~~d.'.~~e6k~ ·.f .. '
'~p(;ndit~~e~. ~nci~r-;i.~;~' (6) ·.t;, '~~C~g~~~:~'·'~~mhi~~:'''Qbd,e~tiv~s' .~~~/~'~~ ,... . •, .I ~ .' . '. ,. " ". • . :,. .
spol'l;sibiJ..iti-.GS ,,:.
'- /'/l
:
·.':.FTciP.Ch·, ~oreigri MinJ.s-q~y·,a~v.nces: ...~~udY of .a .c·ustomq :';~io~ ~y:il1'' .. .: ...
.b~ made 'b~ A~str~·a~ ... B~lgiU!l1~ ':Brit'?-ih, .De~~~k.t ;rr~la.nd.. :~rancG~ Greo¢e~'i~ }'. , . '" .' ( •.' . , • ,I. / '.'~, ( , ..)1;",
Iceland, Italy~ 'Luxembourg" the ~othGrlands, ~ortugp.J" Tur~ey" ,RUEJ-a~~a:, ./
and 10 other E.as.terrr E~ropean. c'oun~ri~s':l:ill probably,.be ..il}Y~:t~ci~:·in~ '.,
91uding ;Russia.. . ...-.. " .
.. ,':' ~ : ,- .
\ ../
Moscow ~rarns' Scandlnavian nations a§B.ins:L creation. :of. rO'giO'~al::-, .. ..' . '.',' .. ,
\cust9ms union? .'dnd :voices suspicion JiTorthern Eufopo ;being inclUde~.'-in.. '.'- . . '- , . . . ...... ~ .
weste~n biDe' n~w :sponsored" Uby' ~~a~tib:l~~;';'.Al1g1o:-Amed~D,ri solJicos l> 1,1•• ,:, , ....,.
September 16)1 .194~ . '"
forces in Ger:inany .gravitatIng \d;ar,~ RU$sia~- • • ..1"
.Moses report on Germah'indust.rY,>,· . .spoaks of dangor of dOlnocrcitie-..':. !
l
Page 26
~~'fYC'.'; - 25 -
':"-. ,'. . ~. ';, ,..;i . ~ •
!-...Asso'ciation at Atlantic City" ~dvoGates f'orm,ation ,by the .UlJ.i.t\';ld St,a:t~s pf', " ,
. . • • -' .-' '. ,'.'1 .~.."'~. _ ..'~.'.'.
'a ·U,,'.s~ Corporation .fo"!!:rEUroP\3a:ti·.l}ec~l1Structiontq handle ,Mar.sl:J.qll Plan;• . ' •• ' ',' .' :.. • 0', " '. '. ••••• ••••• o' • •••. • .00 ..,
(~) '~~:i ~a:kG' cer,t'ain·th~t .. as:~,it?t?nG.e by, Unite.d s.tat~s. was pro.du~t;i.v.ol;v.,.' • • • • - : ...... , __ ,.' "r
used and usqd to promote the key inq.ustriGs~ (2) to exert influenco.,:· . '. """ , ....
io per;uadG wostern'Europcan nations to check inflation~ry~easur~s~.· .~" • ~•• ~: ~t·· ... -',' .,,:: - .' •.' .•
(3) to e,ncour:age rE<lJl.oval. 0,:( .:tr:ad~ ·J;'q.Eitri~tionCl, and._e~onol11ic ·cont.J;'olo• • _',' .', "';" • ..-. ,'0 ". ': 1 ... ' • ," '.' 0"
September 2~,. 1947 ,,:'. :.--:' ..,. . .... , .. , '. "• . • '. '0' '." .' •• ': ' •• : • ' .' ./ • " • ;.
;. • : t r'!.. ... " '" '" t ;', .
".: .,HerbQr~ Hoove~ states'V1orl9- ,f'aces-.,;Hgr;ayest, danger ,of': ma~1S ... :~ .", ~ . ,,: ..) .. "':~ ., ',' ,.", .t .. ;~f- ... :-t" ." .',
starvat.ion~tl ',' • -f',: -,I . .-~:.. . ,..... ':' ~'-' ~:. : :.
• ,',. 'I "
-. :".",
.~. ".... '.
sopto,n~bor 21 to 28~ 1947, ':',~' '" _'.-! -'. .' ..~ ....~..., . ',' ;! . ~ ,.. .' .: -.-. ",' .:. .... ~ ,..-....
Conr,e:).'Gnc~ :Lh" I:'ola.pd ,.(a·!;' ''}IGrmann'Gooring~ s forme,r hUl'lting-lodge'. " .. . ... ,~ .... . -' . .' . . .,'. .;. ).' "!. .
Wilka in ~1ro6i2.vi'~':Lri.,:Lo~v8r-'8tlb'sj.a"} ,'pr69-uc·tng· C0l11inf'orm' man±festoof". -" . . .'
If; :.'. .' :. ..~' .. : !. ; - • .: t' ""." - .
octobc.:r Sl."l947'" I and .. a'p:p~;ving' £nf'!?rmC;J.;ti!m: '!?u;l.'eSl-u •. , :; '.: .. - " . . . . '. . '.'
," ,. Present::: -Andrei·'A'~::~Zdlia:tiov/.. Ge·~:j:!g:("JII~·: Malenkov" of' R~S8ia IS
Politbureau; '~~c~ prcm~~~ ~~v:a~~ K~~deiij"•.!.~i~~st~·r: ~lithO~{"P~;t;foii'o' ': ,.,'. . . "' .....:. '.. " .-. '''~:r. '0' .:. ':- • -. ':. : .:. ..: .... ':' ':', .~.-.).: •• _. ~: .;.. :".
Milovan Djila/? of' Yugoslavip.; V;i.OG. Pr81I1i~r. ,laiJ,ystaw (}omulka, Industry-• ~ . .. ., . • . : I': • •
~. • ~.." I •
Trade Minister Hillary- Minc'· of Polan!J:;" J~cq\.feS···Duc11),S·:and~~ti8n "Fajon"~'-·",
-of Fra~c'o;".'Lu.i~~ L~ngo- 'nnd Eugenio 'RC:ale Oi~: Italy'; Ariria' ~aukt;r 'and.' .' ..";.' '.;. • '•••; •• " •• _ • • J l _ .' .'.. '. I .,4. • • :
Georgo Gheorghiu":'Dej of' Rumania; -Vulko Cho'rvei1kov and B" Poptoniov of. .Bulgaria; Mihali Fakas and J~s'Gf Revai'Of' Hungary; Ro. Slau.skY:·~nd S'o .,-~'
Dashtovansky of Cz~chos~o.Yakla~
".~
..:.,';:.';'
c·..... : :"
Page 27
_.',.'
Septembor 2-2, 1947
26-
..... " :'-."~-
Volume. I'~ General Report. of Committee of European. E.qQl-1om.i~...Co";":··: : '. .
operation signe'd by the 16 nations: parti6ipa:tirig·.in:Eur~poillc·c\·nference .. ·
" ". ~ ',' .
. .... 'R6co:Very pla'~ 'cove~s 'a11:'16 signatoriGs' and\et~ ~p. pr~d;icti'on"
bases 'ih'co~l~ eicctric power~ crudo steel, inland 'transport facilitios ..
and crude o;L:J,';
September'22,' 1947
~ ',Estiincited"n~8ds ~rG':·$22,44o,iJOO)OOO-.f~r· tho n~xt"4 yeai's$
$3·~110.. OPO,,000 to be financed by World Bank; $?-5~810,000jOOO:~.from.;... .'.·
United statqs~' $5,919;000..000' £~~~ the rest ~f ih6'imeri~a~'continents~
The report itemizes tho year-by-year deficit as folJ-ows:
• .... ~ . \:'. f;" . ,.(~n bllJ-lons OI dollars) '., .,;.i:,.:·..: ..:' _ .... . ;
IT. I ' I' I1948 1949: t.' 195a,.-., .:195i ::, '. 'Total'" :.,
. 1 . it .,~~--,,---"-....:.....o-'--"-;---~--~·t:--:-'---:7""---:-7";·:"--:.--'-I.~-:-" 1':'-:-:-'.-.:-.:-.---c.,~,-,----;---;:'-':-.~
Deficit with the' U4 S,,' t 5-064 .·4..271' 3.. 21Jr 2Q162"1 15,,81Rest of lUlleric~n Continoht: I 1 ..94 ·.··li:l82,· . l,dOI 0.,.92::' t' . 5~W'
1 t 1 , " 1
Deficit of TIepend. Terri~
torie~ '. "
~.c.. , ,
1:7~58 ,·6...09r' ll<i5&t:·,3Sy·,·, .2l~78f , t· I r t'
1 oe46',y' ;Q~26, o~ib'" 0"i3:' .'" o"~'65'I.... .J.. t I . 'I
i 8..04', 6..351.4..65'1 3.40 I' 22'~44J ,I. . . I . 1
.' ~ ' ..Major points, c~ll. for: (1.) naproduct;i,vG effort u.nparalleled in
• '.,'.... ~.,: ~ .... '. • " • . i
Europo'S,~~s~ory; (2) establishmo4t.of international, .Gcanemic, financial,• "~' , I,... " " • #. • ", ' • • • .. '. ~."" ~'•• ,. • •
and monatar-J.stabi+it~in.Yi9stern Europe; (3) a cooporativoeffort to__. • f \, .. i' ~ .'. • ~, : '. ' '. ~.: " :; : •
reducG trade barriers and to form eventuallY,a ~opoan.cu~toms union;. ., • : • ,... , ••,. " .• -j'
(4) largo but diminishing <\moricnn aid for 4 years to tide ovor·Europe
until sho can pay her Olm way. II
Aid to bo furnished on a diminishing scale. Solf-help progrBm
strossed. Warns that failure to assist Europa would be fraught Yrith
disaster.;
Page 28
..,; :
;-' I
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"~ .'
.,. ,
',-...
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t· .
-The part' ~i·;~~'6rt dG~ig~~te'd"a's-" V~lTh'1l.e: I COilGo';n~d with '~-onoral .. . ':"-':': '-:,<:'_~~~ ~ :.,. '.\.~ .~ c:: ..:.'
statomont, 0 f t~~o, ~;ciSl,ims :of-'Eu~_o~~.ai~ .~.c:~omJ.~~.· ':r.~ .~ov::~~ _~~d 'p~~'li~ :,:toi' tho" '
!ll~Gting' of th'Q probl·ems'... ' .• • • , ... ~.' .;c ~ • ': ': .' ~ ' .' ' .: i
, :~"" .VolR~G II to be released.~t later' date~ to be devotod to th~
, ... , :..
" ..".. ,. '. \ ' :. • ' ~.. .!
report of technicai;s~b~o~ittees~L the conferenc8 o .
.... :- "
.. .', ."
Final report written by prof~ssor Denpi~ Marris OI ~Lford~.J ...~ "._:.' ;.
Isaiah BGrlin'~ Britain; Jean Monhet-and.ijerv~~lphand'~ Fran6e~ .. . " '.- ~ .
8~ptemb!3~. 22 .. 1947 '..: ' ,,¢ • ". • '. , • ,'.. • '.' ';' .-. '-\', .;. --'••• ~
S~nator Ho~er Ferguson ~nn~~~f~~ ~§,wil+ 0IIor Congress' s~bsti:'-• • . . ..r .: ..!::,.: ';':-"'~'-::.'''~:'~;< .;::':~':.... </,< :\,::" t., ',' " '... ,
tute f'or .-Mars-hall plan.p-r·mr.i.dmg pr.:i.vate iri.sJ~ead of governmont 103m be'-" '. . ~ - ::' •• :.' .', '•.', - ~;~. ": ,: ......ri•• :; . -'
"givG.n~
S.epte~ber ..24; 194r':'.:' .'~,
, .President Trpman calls'coDference of Congressional l~aders. on
.- . '~ . ". '.' .". '. '". " .
Septembor 29 to discuss Europe'em report.• I ._
~ ... - .... , .Congres~ionalleadGrs ret~cent
about special'session~......-... ~~,:.. ,., '"
September 24; 194~
-.,.:, " : -.
ACting Secretary of state Robert A. L-ovett acknoTflGdgos ,receipt
of report' and ~alls attentic\ll to anticipator;,,' V'{ork by t1;J.e tiar,t':j.r.,{a'h; 'i(;r'ugi_. .'. " .. . . -' . . -.' . '.. ." - :.'\ ..
and Nourse 'committees.. Statel;: some oIthe parti.cipants at the' Pa~is
conference. were being invited to United Stntos for conference Cs,rly in"
October_
September 24; 1947 ",:
Harriman co~itt8e'makes special. interim report 6n grain export,
policy_:·..
. .
Page 29
September 2)3 1947,
, ".
.. . .,- "'" :)?:r;-es if.:!.el,1t Trum~n pro~l~im~ /na~iona1. -v1aS te-less campaign to:.':;.·.;-1 '.~'" ~':-:..' ••_"'~:'" •.~.• , •.::.; "':. ,:w ..:, ~ - ,,'.~. _ .'; .
',,': ': o' ••;'
consorVG:fQod produpts affecting grain suppiy~ .• ' ' .. ,.--·;;~.:.~.. : ....:.i.I""\'~'· -.'; .. - ..
Appo:Lnt$ 'Citi!ZJens Food" Cornmi·ttoe. u~dG; chairmanship·.o.f 'Chcirios" ", .. ,,. .' • " • • ':. ~' ' •• ': • ~ • •... 4 .':. ~ • .' I • • _. .::'
Luckmal,1 t~.dirGQt campaig~~_I' .
; • I": , ,
:- ;..: -:'
. ,. '.stutes Europe1s eponomic 8l:1ergency J1cannot,vmit· o.n·a qC1,1~.ef1,11, '".' • -.. '" ":. ••:" • : .: ;~: •••• '.;, .' " .:. ~ • : - •• , • I • '. ~
s,tudy roqui:rod for the. Q~ora~\:~ec~~~~~..:~n.·;~he ·~.~ar~hal;L ~3:~rill.lr .'
)~eptGmber ' 2~~. ~~h~ ." ,..' ' pro~~~~Gnt .TrUman acknow;Lodgcis ;~'~~:iPt: .~;. [6 'EUr6p~~n ~~;~ons:
. . . . ....' :: ~-",' :.~: .. . \ . '.' " . . .report· and states that ff,it· r¢'le.cts 'an;unp~ec~dentGd~eff~rt at oconomic'
• • ,.:.~ '".: ..... ~•. , .','.~~j.. ',; :...; "::·t:"~{ ·:1~'.!: .. '~' .. :.-'... .',.
c~o~era~:ion by the 16,co~tr~e~ participating' =:. 'it'is a~ important.---..,..:- • ~:"" ., • -. ~ ...... ,.. : ;. '. • p • -. • ~ - •
. and encouraging first step that '~hesG nations h'av~ had the initia·Hve "
'and, detGrmina-tion to meet, together and p:roduce -this repo;rt;u sta,tes .
ha:has;aske~_:ongres~~Ohal leaders to 'meet~~~h Aim on MondaY~:~Se~t~mb8r,,"'. . .
291 to discuss:o ~'. a~ci?i-on to be 'taken by. t:p..e JJriito,d states ,. 00.11. ', ... ::. .-
.. :....: ..• .Lwlnver.,., , .... :.' " '.:.' .- ~ '. -,'
".
Sept,ember .26., .1947'. '
Senate II,r,tled Services and Appropriatj,.ol'?-I? ,CoIIl!llittee's ~eprt?senta~~. . .. . .''" ..." .. , .'.. / : '. . .,:
\. . ~
tiV8S leav~ £or.~urope.: . ~'. .' .., . I • 'r t ... ":...,,. t' ~ •
September 27~ 1947
': .. ,..... ','
Poland 1S Dr.. Oscar L,ange calls upon U"N.·. members t~<b,~y~~,~t '::" _,'. t,'-' .' :.- - '-:--_._- - ~.
\ '
y{oste~n.Europefs ro~oye~J blu8print~: :-' . ..' ,. ,
Septembe:r 29, 1947
British Undersecretary for'Foreign'Lffuirs Christopher Mahm7
. announces at U,N. that the dClor still remains open to Eastern European.
countries to come into the Marshall ;Plan•.
Page 30
.,"....
},,'.;. ':,"::, ". ',':-' ,
. , ..'
',.
..... ' .,..' < ~ •
" .... ::;. ',,;,, ,29 ~
, "
• E. '.:
'. .. ", '. - I • " . . ... :.'
Presid~nt.Tn;man Tloets,}'{itlr Gi?D-grcssi9iTal :1.9aders, ,r'~q1io~sting. . , , . '.' '.. .' '.' . / ", ....., ..., .
, .' .
, A,ppropria't~c-'ns. anCl:'F~~Gign ·RB,b.ti9n::s, cm:rrllitteos, of both ·"iiou~~'s"'6f. ,,".' ~"; . .. " ~ . " ~ : .
",: c'on~r~s~ to lim6ot, at' .£tlO ,e;;l;liCcstpossible da:G~" ll" 'I~~'~d::,.s.'86. ~iiiion ". .... . ';. .
,dolla~~ win;ter stopgap aid program :for ,Frffil-ce",andItaiy ~ " ~\drrliriistre:'-' -,.' ,.-. . . ...,' ,
:,' --,~. :"tion can salvage only 332 milliQl1s from prosent appr6pri~-tiop's0" ..
. : .'
President ,Tru..111-:m at White lIouse' conference, st:at~s (1) iong-ra;,go," ..
,Ma;shall 'Pl~ impossiblo unless :United rsta;t.es provides' fc:io<i, aJ1~' fuel. to'",,' .: . .. .: .
help France D,nd Ita;LY to Itsurvive this oritical winter as fice and in-
dGpencJ,qht nat;ions,;H' (2) the:pe ;i.El, no ~e c~ll1.:q.g a ~'pedai '~Qssion'1m-:~
less ~;~Si~8~t', of, o~in~o~'t~~/pp~~~p;'i'~tio~/~ndfo~ei~n'poliD~; ~oti~,. .' , .' ..... "~:.' . '.' '.' .
, September 49" 1947.,
.' . " ..:. ~-. ~ . ,,: . \"
" Russia rejects hmel"~Can,prot~sts ag?-inst npers'0D;-al insulV t-, - ." ':; ... " ,
, "
Gazette; "
SepteIilQOr 30~ 194.7
United states assures Poland bolstering Ge~an in~us~l)-wlll
..:.....
~ ..... , , • ~ f'
September 3D" 194.7
Senate 1l.pprop,riations COIilii1ittee 'refused vis~sby ifOS'C'~lW .f~J;' ,
travei in Russia ..
, '.
tionll .for d.iscllssion o.f the 16-n"?-tion repo'rt0, '
Page 31
06tob81.'; .i~ 1947.:-.
.,."
", ,:'Prcsident Trunian r.CCi"U8StS .;APpropria-ti,ops\ ;an!i;"Foroign Relatie5ns',.. .. .' .~. . .. . . '
"COJ;r1lTI.ittoos. of··both· Houses. of :Co;~1~ess;.,tom.8et.·at.· earliest possib).e, tL'i.1e:... .','. .' . .., ". .
. on "stopgap .plans'.·;'. ". -.... '.'
. . .... ~ . . :: \ ., .~ ~. .y.
S?nat8.::,ai::J.d,Hou~eForeign Af:fai~~.CoIi1IJ-ittees· 'to':he called"in
joint qq~ting ,~oyembe~.l.0~
Oct,obor 2,. ';i947'" '. ", .' ,:
,':: .
.... :-: ...... ", "
, ., .
~ .....',' ...; .
. ,... )i'r04cP. .:for:eign, Mipistor Bi~ault encouraged by, WEistern HemispheriJ .
cpnf~ro.nGEi.. ,.', ':,'
Octo'bo.r 3" 191;-7'
. \ ~ '., . ' ....... ,'
• I
:. - "
"/' .
Charlos' 'Lucknanof' Cit;Lz~ns'l~bd C01Tlln{ttee propised AoOp'c:l?att0T:\' .' ':
in savtng .,g:r,ain by. distilled .spirits in@titilte~ --', :
Octobor 3, ,~947 .
Reprosentative' John Tttber in Berlin 'says he liJaw no und~rfGd,
pcqple on t:l;.~P.i contrp.di,cted by' Ropl'GsQntativc: Di:::,k?en :Viho calls :,for
X'econstl"U9tioni and says: tlJ.; havG boen in G6:rme.ny four nooks ". anG! I
'think thore ,is definite undernourishment allover tho cOU;l?-t,J;,;y~I,I. '.:' '.';:" ,'.:, .: ",:'
October :4, ..1947 :~ ." .. p.'.
mternatic:nal News. Seryice' al:1..Tlounces, Congr~essmcn 'lIccnfuscd t r. by
sick Europe and are voicing conflicting views.
LuckElan .. s1mX' food drive over radio.
,,....." ..... '.
,.," ..
" ~'.' "
'octdJo.r 5.... i94"r .. ' '.j,••. p .. '.:, .':. ':..... -
. /
Returning mo.'1bers of Congress ,criticize forE?ign a,id\.
';"
Page 32
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:-'::"')1-''-;..,;:: ....:.. ,\.
: ( .'
J<•• ';'•.•
'.'" ..,f' .
.....
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.' ,.
. .I ..
. '"
'" '
' .. ' ~
.~::' ,~: ~ '.-'., . - ,- ,.
;.. -' -
•• ·.r·· .~.,
, '~ . . ~
., -- :.~. "":'~ . , ':: .. :' ... 'j" ' ...... : •.':: ~:.:.'::." ....... " .....
.';-,-.> {.:."S8ii~t:~::APpr~~r1p:ti6h~·c: doJrritt~?~:.i~··;.~~~~cid ..~6~~il~?;lrig·;t:¥;JoV~b~~ ." ::'.:~:·18... ,.<~. . >.; .. ::..:":- <;:i.i' ;;: ;.,> :-':;(;;3.;,:' ";::~'-"~;}:-,;':>"::':';' ':(~::":" :. :, .. ,.',', \ ..:::.- .:., .... "'~> <':~;, --r.~~~:;'.'~./':: .... '~';" .\
J···1 ' .':', _-_.... 0'o+,obo'r 6, ",'947' . ,.,"": , . ' .d··.·· ..... ' '.); :. :. ;.,- .• ' ... :.. :: ',:-:>.
.........I..,. ;, • • 1'<' :.';- , ,-'''''-:;, • .. .. " .~~.: :",
.. " .-. ~ :. ~ .~ '. ,~ I': . • .. -. ~ '" ,_ "'-: '. ' ~' :,,:, :~... -'" ,:. ,
11oscow" ComlnfOrn1;,. neVI v~:rs:Lon ·of COlinntorp,' r8prGsGhtiilg~:·.,.. /':: ,.. "..,
·the· C~~.mUhist :pa:rty o:t:::9' natio~S':"(Ri1SSi~",,~ug~si~:~li?/ ;ra11c'~~:' .:~~~ly;;' "~'>' .. .' ',.., /' .. " . . ',.' -, ' . :.. :'.-. .
;~ol~n(l,;. 'Bul'garia/' ·:CzGchoslovaki-a.~.'Hu.ng~r.J.<.Rum:ariia)" ei.gam~pq.':'fo~ cilx:":o{i·t;:
fi~h~: ~g~il~?P :~r~ah. Pl~l;~'l~r;hall ~~riJ',.;·n~·"-:Il1Jriited··.s.~t·~.~ .iDpd':rl.aiism~'I.t'D8glaratic:p.,:tQ this effep:t'lss~ed 'in -fr·avdC]. ...· ':Organize4 'a~ 1Ja-rsaw-··tJe·ctirtg;··
"
Belgrade selected' as headq~arters~. '. " ... ..
.n
'. " . .
'soviat' go:ve;ll.I:lent dgr~b s;· t-o::.iiov~fubb~:; ks'~ &is' att'e ' fO;Lo:¢td6n''- mcG·b-· ' . ...,. ;, .' . s. . . : '. . ' .' '1 • . r' .' f:. 't-~ •
ing ,of 'Foreign Ministers 'Council'-tc; writ~' a;-. 'G6r:Emn peacE] ·'troq,.-t::/..).,:. .,"v I .. " -
, . O~tobor ···h. i947.
aid tcchni(';iapsii '.
f· r.',::.
." 'r
. : -.' -.:-. .~: .
j .:
Df the CorJ.:i;ntorn·. ii, '.', " j .
Octo'bcr 7J, ·l947
.' ./
'. ... ~'~ " ....r
Krug r?port .states.. 1J!l8riG?- has n~ture;t~ r\3si:rarce~;;-ifu;ly-.sfr:La=!-:" ;:::,,'. :-.-"~ '::
'capacityJ and.a,gricultural means to extEind'11arshail Plan aid, ~to E,);rbpe,,.; , ~l'
witho1}t ~agJ:ng our (Jim' ec6nomy; ·bikes an' .ove:rall~J,.ook·:at :power, .:ind.
tran~p{)rt cEq:ac.iti8S~. and' r~cognizes scarc;Lties in·;\~pp.q.t", stcG)--i .c,o.al,,·'-·- ';,,'.::'
.~
Page 33
. ~--
,'-..,~. i .
:: ;- ........
", .=-..',. . I J (' . . .. ,--. .,..::,- -, -
:;;..>-~.:: ',:(,·>.('f~~iLo:"'~\meri:daD.! -c1iS'cusslon' in:London ,;ela:ti~e: 'tb '.~e9-~cing 'Brltain IS \, '.,. . , .;...... . :.
,,,
t :
" ,. I
..' ._,~,:......... ,.;:.. ;':.~~.;:~,-'-""
\ .: :
.,
/\9.t~.n·g·S:ocrota::r;y of .qtato' Robe:rt: i.\~.. Lovet.t' states; :·.th~' C0).11inform:. .-1 ' • ,.
. po}'1cy, (1,''-" ',tho: ,Parties and gQ.v'prnmopots
6'f' .Uni~ed' sta.:ces C',. - \
e.s~ociatcd. :;,ithth:is 'pr.ogr8.l;l' hiwo ' ,
madp clear thdir ;intont5,on -to .prevent",· 'if· they c.an~ "the'· dcononuc rc'covcry.
of .Europe,,". '; \.
-.\
.... . ",inctli:str-y 'and' TradolIirii~st:8rHi;llary' Hirie of p~l?-nd-.at exposition' .
at SZCZ8Cin: ~ys th~t Poland is increasing its T[~st8r~·tr.adewitllout• ,. ,f·.' !'
. - ,Octo'ber 9; ,'l947 :'
'.
J' ...
Roprosentative Dirksen'urges,qud.ck aid to Europo as, &·means of .
. ~ ..,
.October 9~ 1947 '} ";";"
, .'
Foroign· Hi-ni'stoF Biddult 'calJ~s P,o;Lish ci(~mfor<;;nc8 lIa ..s'tupid.thirig\
for the Cornintern to don for it will 'not effect Franco, tho IIarsha'1l.·,' .:--.
Plan, 1I01~. aDythini$ Blse.HI
1·, . "
. ' ..\
I '
, OctobcIl"'9~ ·1st41..·· , .
Forolgn'Minister Bidault arilloUhces Franco must dis~ontinu6
United Stat6s'food ~d fuel purchu~es for'lack of qollars~
-~-,
I
./
Page 34
.. 'l..
.,•••. ~ .• ~. ,......... '---,••••: _ ..... "":.."1'-~••.~-- ....~: ••:~..:~... ,
.',.'.'
. .: .......,.:,
.. ;. ~-
. ,.'\ . ~.~
~ _~::" ~_ ·.~.,f· .. ...,\. :.:.~.:.~t ...:.:~·Undersecreta.ry·, o.i:. stat!;} .Ql~:)Tton qeclaros... ;rioi:hing' can' preye.n:t 'Ea~t~ ,
" •• _ ..'. f •• " -. '. .; •• :', • I. .~...'
"
:V{Eist: trade onc~. pro.d~ction~ts. ~Ul1. stride~ '. .. ':::', ....J.. ':.-' .' ;;..~.)::~,::> ... :::,:
Oc·.:rc;be~-lO;·1947 .. '" .;":. ,'.
Governpr Thomas E... Dewey of NeY;:York states th.at·,w·must. lItto aU-.r ... : ........ _ : '~'.' . ," - ,.t.:..... -
hop8s:j>sh{3.re to ·.feed hungry people ovor:~oasTt but that ltWe hE+ve, ;; ,;a>.. a• '. ;. ::•• _ -"~J~ •• ~.
prior .'and. ·binding' obligation to ,.,-?G9 ~pai:. h? .A~O):ican..i~..'ppor~~~ ·fo·cl~.a ..
October·IO, J:947
. .bartar one. and' a half. millio~i .toJ:lS .of. qroad ce.+'eals Trith' France ~ '"
.Qctobor. io~. 1947,....... -y .:"
....;~..
. ·liGrt~r· Corrrrnitte!3 r.eturrilliylith ·17. ,-x,:ruh,ks ~q?-ed with .~at~,·.':and• •••• \" •• , 'j ~ ••• ' ;. • • " \. '..: • \, •
chaiman s~D.,-t;.es: trvle are-co!?--;;.r:i.nqed that no program. ;0:(. Amer,ican ai'd, can• .~: . :, .....f . ~ .. .-~
achieve the obJectivG,: desired unless E;lD,ch. country .sEltsits'·· ownhous.e .in :.. . ,'.. '.. { .' .'" . ,: " .. ' .: :':.: :'.:, .
ordc·r·· ...·..·and cooperates with its neighbors~H for the, ~ . . ....., ' .
• .l.'~ •• ,
eX:LSl.Jlng· or potential. r:esources .. tl : ... . . \'
.. .fullest',11se of. .; ..
Herter CC'IflLiittee rEiported 'cool to special sessiqn' of ..Cr-n:;:;ros$.. .~:. '. . . . . " .. ' .'
October n, 19L~7',~t- .~ ." .'. - '.
..... -
. '-United Stat!3~ .repr9septativo . OJ!, -Aus~?=,iC).n i:;:r~.?-tY'. ,.?f'r:::o~SSio'~1 cinnounces'
treaty disclJ:ssions. cJ,.osQ .wit1).outresultsi>.. .'
October 12, 1947 . : . :.' r
"Nayl York Tines reports Conintern ~o wreck Marshi?-ll Pla!-1:1 a;r:-~ '. .''._:'.", ... :,
Congress ~s expected to approve large-$ci?-le:a~d.as reply tc R~ssia•.• • \ • . ' • "... .... '" • '-' • ~'. L.
'-~
october 17 ~ i947·. '.'1 .',
. .9bmi:n,f,0.~m .:wil;L 'l?-0t alt;or policy. or R~ssi~,. 1(o1111i Zil;lakis '-:Of
Britain announces St~.lin. told him..·...
-'
Page 35
! .-
. October 21~ '1947
. , ..
'.' October 21, '1947 .
P~rogrmn..1ea:vesfor··Europei1< . ,
..... .': . ~ .:: ~
.........
. "
, ~lnl~rican· ai?-. inission .in' G::reece 'unc'ov~n~s 7;5, 'IililiioJi dollars hoard "
of goods;~
Octobo-r, 22" 1947
"'.'
:MarE!hall Plclll,'lnow only in draft~ng sta-ge~,when it is completed it:will. ";' . . .." .-.' '::'~'
onc"dp6artIDeiit, or. agency"tt:. '.' " .." ,..
Octqber 22, 1947
Speaking for Cominforlil'~ Zdhartov.ca11s up0J:1 comI~m1i~ts. /~v~_l'YIYJ::l:yte .-. .
to wreck lJ:8,rshall F:lanas an:i,nstrument designee(. by-·the United· statost.o. ,
·achieve·.'ff'vvoi<l,d :domination by.--i4'1lorican'· impGrialism~ \l
OCtobor 22.. t 947
Sonator'· Styles Bridges 'opposes f:rrther, disp:lantling· 9f Ge;rmEtp.
industr]\o.l plants on basis that it is 'incons istent on tho -one· hand to'
tear dC'ffll and ol}. the other to build up GeX'rJany econGmy •.
Octobor 23!J J:.947
< .....
President Truman- calls' s~ecial sossion of Oongross fo~Novomb8r
17 on foroign aid and living costs.';
. Pr-eslden't .states : -··\lThere are two .ccnpo11iri·g':ro?-sons :" .....·.the .
continued rise in prices'",,, and"~.·. it is-.,.also necessary to meet the
crisis in ~ilU"ostern Europo-o If
Page 36
2> ':: ',.,October 23; 1947
... - ,..... . -~ ..;"~_.~.--""".~"'r--:"':'--r ..--_-~-,.~ ··-'~"-~""T::-""""""''--'-''-;O:;-:--=''''~''''''''''''''''''~'~'''',,="~~~_"71_-~.~t7';''-.-.::.;
;.:,
Kurt Schu..111acher 1 head' of German Social DGmocratic..p.~;ty}_,: dOc.}a:r:e:s.. ·.-.- : .;' ~. - . , '
October 23$ 1947( \
<l .... -., ':' 'i •
to llholp othe):' nations to help themselvQs" bu.t donI}:. be th8 ,fall 'guy'.!t
October 23, 1947" - '. '.
Br'itai'n ,fea,r.:(ng ·econo.rrii'c collaP.se'Tfi'll. mqan end 'of British
democracy cuts tobacco imports ffomUriito~ Statos~
October 23", 1947. .. . I .
President. !I'ruman' confer!:> '1vit11 Cabinpt. on' 2id tcY ~uropq, ...
Octobor. 24 and 25, 1947 .;. . t ..
~. . ·f.. .' I •
Harriman Commi;ttce Deet~ to draft. ~.;f:i,~C'l.l ropo~t.forPr'o'sJ~~nt~
and to' give appraisal of 16-naiio~ c~~mltto~ bf ~bp8an 8co~omi9 co~
'operatiOh'rOQUGst o
October' 25" 1947',/:' :
House Arm6d S~rvic~s s~bco~inittee under chairma~ ROP~.D~{OY Short. ".
ad~C"catos lri~asc\nabie~r aid to 'E-qrope 'b~t doubts ,th;8 ~d'.tisQbility of .a
peroanont progr2D .costing billions.
Octobor 25, .1947, ,! .,(\,., "
Italian goverlli~ent'f6rces'P~lCGS d0wn by loan'c~rbs~
Octcbor 25 .. 1947
Sen. Popper for aid to Europe.
Octobor 25,"1947 1',
• :. r
BUdg'ot BUTca'u 'anri6unc-8~ it; has bluGprint :f'or' a' contra'l pm'':7
chasing unit for the Europ.ean aid program while tho ;J.d.rninist'rp.ti~;n i R_
reportod to bo cbnsidkring an agoncy'siffiilar'~o 'tho War Production
Board to aillninistor the aid.
Page 37
October26, 1947". ;-_t
Ri,~id f8d~~~a~ contrGl~",ovor grain boi~i? rr,ot, it ,is announced,;: /. ,.' .~. .
October 26~ i947"
, Father .Bela Varga, former presiqent of thG.Hungarial~:N~tib~al. ..... '. . .~ :'- :: ..' ~ . '., . -' . . . . " . . ; ". . . ..... ~ " .'. : ..
Asscnb'J-Y, statcs CorJintern never coasoct 'to' axis,t o'," .. ; . ....
.l...
October 26, 1947"
Har~iman Conmittoo'said to bo in accord on aid p,roposal, ,qa-.' :. ;,~':' :- .'
lievos some European requests should go up o.nd others down.:L ..
October. 26:l" 1947. ~.-.:.~.
Republicans see 'llpolitics lf in ,Congross, call.,'." .
October 27, 1947
President's Congress call spur~ works on aid plan;'~.rcpo~n
"goverUJil8nts annciunced as 'greatly rea$sured o..~ t'
October 26, 1947
Rep. Andresen says on return of his comraittee: (l1To am1 no-: .
.:'" .
starvation, It but Haroid :McKinley of lowa, on SEUIl8 progiC\T1, chailonges: ,', ,- ~.... "" . .... ". . .. " . .. ~.. .
; ... '... '. ' ..
this ViCYI, whereupon Rep. AJ;ldresen saysz HI forgot to'meJ:).tion Gormapy..1. . • • _. • •••. ',... :.; ..:~. • '.. • • ~ ! • .
Things' ar8 pretty tough '.t1?-er8,.t~'
October 27~ 1947, ~ .. ~ :. "
~ssi8tance needod by South l\morican repu~li~s bocause of food
d-eficit under study.-,
October 27~ 1947 ."",t ~. ".
100 represontatives of industry~ labor.~ agriculture, and gonoral ..~. . .:'.; :'~:.'
IJublic confer with Governnont officials at ,Yillite House on Uo,rshall Plan•.. ".r • .' :- ".' "
October 27, 1947~.
,EnlGrgenc!.food Co~cil tpld wqrlqfs fqod outpu~,tQ fall o~£ this
year. ., . i.
Page 38
'.. '.~. ...
October 28, -1947,
'. , ~,
"i'
I
.;. 37 - ,../-(
'-:,'".
iUlocation of. grC3.~p~ 9tqDl~ and ,othor' i toms vihich. arc ".
Pro~iderit'·. Truman I ~:Cou.ncil· ~f :Ecopomic Advisors' (Nourse:, Ci;)m"':
- Bitt-ee) report's Unitod,st~tes able to handle Uarshtill PlaJ:'i;"'"
'1& 'Urnted siat~s .~.- fip';nciaily ,a~l~' to car;; orit:' tI~~' .' '.Harshall Plan and cut the :Nati-6haI Debt 1,'fibhout increasi_ng ".. ': '. :taxe-s:> .Ho1c18ve'r taxe'Sc...Cannot. be' '.r~du.g8'd; ~ . "., 2. Failure to help means industrial paq.lysis dUo":!{o
trade ,barriors and poli'j{ic1J:I changoS a1?ro'D.-eJ.&. ", ' :',J.. The I,IarshD.ll Plan Hill .not cause inflatio~1. becCl;use . ,..,'
pres.ont'inflation is due to-demands at hono •. ' '; .,
~ho'Council ~8COffi[;lends' cu+b? s~ilar·to these ~uposod Q~rihg.
1.short.
2 Q Controis on' sn6cula-tion and ~Qaf4ing~ . '- ..:3.. 'Ronewal of cr~clit: c'\~nt~'ols ... i " .'\.
4. 'Price '~ontrols Qvoi:- ptl:oducors "bqt -not· over rctail~r~.,5.. ". continuf3c1, high ta:p;:Js and; foderai ecohony•., ' .
, I,Ootober 28, 1947
Food Council hears 1'!arnipgs. of I'dnter famine in ~o)?e.<1.. : ..
".; . r:. Sen~ Taft ,predicts United statos Hill giv9 aid to BUrppe.~J
-i ,:.'
Charles A. Eaton, Chnirnan of H01¥-soForoigh ;~ffairs..,CoIitGlittee,".. ~
. urgos swift interim aid"a~t:ion first ot .
·October 29:1 .1947'. . :'" .;; -.- ~
President Truman's Council of Eco~om~c' ~dvisors £avors the
Ua~shc.ll Plan and statos price inflation can, po cr:ntrolled. '. ",
,October.29, 1947
Early formatlon of socla1ist Coriinforn prodicted from London.·
Page 39
- 36
October 30t 1947
....' I .~. •
/
Octobor 31" 1947 ' .f "
parshe.ll plalli'lor.s sti:lto.d;,,to i',?<vor' th.e use of funds derived: from",: ". . I"':. .;; .". ,,'
, .'
aidl supplies to ~e l:iJnit~d to, J;.'eC0v.Gr'J program.. ' .. '. :' '.' . " .. : ~ ... ' . .. :. :
October 31, 1947 .I 'I
ChairnanEaton of House lo~eign ilffairs ConKlittee favors s(~arate
treatm~nt of interim, 'aid t'o France 8,00 :It~y ancI'th,e Marshall long":'range
. program.
October 31, 1947 ,'1 ...
8:r.J.en;Gncy holp and Harshall Plan at sane~ . '
.L' .vlll).e ~
'.Novenbcr 1.1 1947 .
United States sounds IICanada on her abi1,it}r to' hGlp. Europe,·.tt "." _:.. ' .... '.. .
Novembor l~. 194T ',' :. ,
Joint CDngross~onal COill0ittee ho~ded'by Senat~r Har~' F~
~Jrd, 'Chairman of' the Corunittoe en roduction of non-essont+a~ federal
,-" ',.. :..:':.,::~" .... " .
Czech tradeCzech, output.
~he .ent~V
Soviet' demands upon Czech industrial 9Voi:Jput, jeopardizes'~ .,." . ~ ". '" . " '. ":,'
with countries other than Russia, the latter proposing to ab~orb
November 2, 1947' . " " ':l. ': ) "secretarY 'of Oommerce'Harr~Bana~~ounces ho has rcconmended
. '.: '. ,. ....
te: President Trvnan that the initial. aid to Europe shall Co 3" b{lli;~-..... '. . '. . . i ",
dollars as an outright Gift.
Page 40
3.9 ..:'
COTIlJ;nmist party o£ the United st'ates amlC?:mces it -,rill stay put
of ;1J:ComiD..form.... ll
Pravda c:l"iticizes J\,morican policy with respect ·to Greeh: and
Turkish ,elid and the Marshall Plan as ;Mlerican i";p·orialisrJ. and .H:i.tlotism
comparable to the German priJwar Dral1g linch Osten.a-~--.-
CitizGns Food. Committee "s eoks wider saving in grain..
Independent aiel agency plans being shapo?- Py RGpllblicans~:,.
november -5~ 1947'
8hina 'tqrocetve 27 million dollars worth moro.in rGlie~~
Tiorld ·lack of grain for all of 1949 forecast b;y- Director
Gonora+ of F~O~ Sirvohn Boyd Orr~
N~votlbor '5~' 1947
GriSflD+d. seoks 15 million dollars more f01' aid in G1'eece~
November 5~ 1947
Lack of rain sl~'[s planting c'.f vital United 8tatos -~lheat ..
Novomber 5~ 1947.- ,
Plans for a 7-man European rooonstruction corporation to
handle foreign relief meet opposition in Congr8ss~
