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- Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents - Pop. Shift from rural to urban - Capitalism = dominant economic system The Industrial Revolution
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Page 1: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

- Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power

Begins in late 18th cent. & carries into 20-21st cents

- Pop. Shift from rural to urban

- Capitalism = dominant economic system

The Industrial Revolution

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc
Page 2: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 3: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte

Page 4: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Enclosure Movement

The Enclosure Movement

Page 5: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

“Enclosed” Lands Today

“Enclosed” Lands Today

Page 6: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Early CanalsEarly Canals

Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

- connected waterways- transported resources coal and finished products

Page 7: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Metals, Woolens, & Canals

Metals, Woolens, & Canals

Page 8: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

“Fossil Fuels” Revolution- Coal & oil greatly increased energy available to humans- Dev. of machines, steam engines, internal combustion engines

Page 9: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Coalfields & Industrial Areas

Coalfields & Industrial Areas

Page 10: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners

1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners

1880300 million tons

500, 000 miners

1914250 million tons

1, 200, 000 miners

Coal Mining in Britain:

1800-1914

Coal Mining in Britain:

1800-1914

Page 11: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Young Coal MinersYoung Coal Miners

Page 12: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Child Labor in the Mines

Child Labor in the Mines

Child “hurriers”

Page 13: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Factory ProductionFactory Production) Concentrates production in one

place [materials, labor].

) Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets].

) Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] morethan skilled labor.

) Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

Page 14: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers

1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers

1850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers

Page 15: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Factory SystemThe Factory System

× Rigid schedule.

× 12-14 hour day.

× Dangerous conditions.

× Mind-numbing monotony.

Page 16: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Page 17: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

Page 18: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Spreading of New/Improved Methods of Production to Other Regions - U.S., Russia, Japan industrialize

Page 19: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 20: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

James Hargreave’s “Spinny Jenny”

James Hargreave’s “Spinny Jenny”

Page 21: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Power LoomThe Power Loom

Page 22: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

- Telegraph - Invented by Samuel Morse

- greatly improved communications between/within:

- businesses, cities, countries

Page 23: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Interchangeable parts – speeds production; less skill required – developed by Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin

- Rifle production also

Page 24: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

James Watt’s Steam Engine

James Watt’s Steam Engine

Page 25: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Steam TractorSteam Tractor

Page 26: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Steam ShipSteam Ship

Page 27: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

An Early Steam Locomotive

An Early Steam Locomotive

Page 28: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Later LocomotivesLater Locomotives

Page 29: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Impact of the Railroad

The Impact of the Railroad

Page 30: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

“The Great Land Serpent”

“The Great Land Serpent”

- Impact = access of goods to more people

- lower prices = increased demand for production

Page 31: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 32: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Social Impacts of Industrial Revolution- Most benefits = Middle class (bourgeoisie) – bankers, merchants, factory owners

- Most growth = Working class Proletariat– poor treatment & pay

- Urbanization = pollution, overcrowding, disease

- Early exploitation of woman & child labor.

Page 33: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Stereotype of the Factory Owner

Stereotype of the Factory Owner

Page 34: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

Page 35: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

“2nd Industrial Revolution”- Improvements in:

- Steel- Chemicals- Electricity- Precision machinery

Bessemer Process

Page 36: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 37: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Women in Industrial Revolution- Early 1800’s = Equal # of women in factories.

- Late 1800’s = Increased wages (more desirable to men) and labor laws restricting women’s work = more women staying home.

- Domestic sphere for women develops.

Page 38: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages

under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.

11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.

17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.

22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.

27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.

32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.

37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.

42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.

47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.

52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.

57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

Page 39: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 40: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 41: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 42: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 43: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 44: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 45: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Industrial Staffordshire

Industrial Staffordshire

Page 46: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Problems of PolutionProblems of Polution

The Silent Highwayman - 1858

Page 47: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The New Industrial City

The New Industrial City

Page 48: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

Page 49: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Worker Housing in Manchester

Worker Housing in Manchester

Page 50: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Factory Workers at Home

Factory Workers at Home

Page 51: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Workers Housing in Newcastle TodayWorkers Housing in Newcastle Today

Page 52: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian

Nightmare!

The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian

Nightmare!

Page 53: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Private Charities: Soup Kitchens

Private Charities: Soup Kitchens

Page 54: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Private Charities: The “Lady Bountifuls”Private Charities:

The “Lady Bountifuls”

Page 55: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 56: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Luddites: 1811-1816

The Luddites: 1811-1816

Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest]

Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].

Page 57: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Luddite TriangleThe Luddite Triangle

Page 58: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The LudditesThe Luddites

Page 59: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Neo-Luddites Today

The Neo-Luddites Today

Page 60: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

BritishSoldiers Fire on British

Workers:

Let us die like men,

and not be sold like slaves!

Peterloo Massacre, 1819

Peterloo Massacre, 1819

Page 61: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 62: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists

× People as a society would operate and own themeans of production, not individuals.

× Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.

× Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].

Page 63: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 64: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Government Response

Government Responsek Abolition of slavery in the

coloniesin 1832 [to raise wages in Britain].

k Sadler Commission to look intoworking conditions

Factory Act [1833] – child labor.

k New Poor Law [1834] – indoor relief.

Poor houses.

k Reform Bill [1832] – broadens thevote for the cities.

Page 65: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

British Reform Bill of 1832

British Reform Bill of 1832

Page 66: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

British Reform BillsBritish Reform Bills

Page 67: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban
Page 68: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

By 1850: Zones of

Industrializationon the European

Continent

By 1850: Zones of

Industrializationon the European

Continentù Northeast France.ù Belgium.ù The Netherlands.ù Western German states.ù Northern Italyù East Germany Saxony

Page 69: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Industrialization By 1850

Industrialization By 1850

Page 70: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Railroads on the Continent

Railroads on the Continent

Page 71: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

Share in World Manufacturing

Output: 1750-1900

Share in World Manufacturing

Output: 1750-1900

Page 72: Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban

The Politics of IndustrializationThe Politics of

Industrializationù State ownership of some industries.

) RRs Belgium & most of Germany.ù Tariffs British Corn Laws.ù National Banks granted a monopoly

on issuing bank notes.) Bank of England.) Bank of France.

ù Companies required to register with the government & publish annual budgets.

ù New legislation to:) Establish limited liability.) Create rules for the formation of

corporations.ù Postal system.ù Free trade zones Ger. Zollverein


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