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© J. Yan-2003-09
TowardTowardss a Sustainable Energy a Sustainable Energy FutureFuture
Sustainable Energy Systems and Challenges Sustainable Energy Systems and Challenges of Energy Utilizationof Energy Utilization
Jinyue YanJinyue YanYannjyYannjy@@mtmt..luthluth.se.se
Lecture 1Lecture 1
Course MTM142Course MTM142
September 3, 2003September 3, 2003
2003-09-Yan
OutlineOutline Sustainable Development & Sustainable Sustainable Development & Sustainable
energy systemsenergy systems Energy Utilization in the world and Sweden Energy Utilization in the world and Sweden
and policy issuesand policy issues Challenges: ExamplesChallenges: Examples: from Climate : from Climate
change (Global system) to Humid Air change (Global system) to Humid Air Turbine (Technical components)Turbine (Technical components)
Example: Our solutions to global climate Example: Our solutions to global climate change -- Responsive Carbon Managementchange -- Responsive Carbon Management
Advanced sustainable energy technologiesAdvanced sustainable energy technologies
2003-09-Yan
Challenge ! Challenge !
A picture from a kidA picture from a kid
Nature and Human SocietyNature and Human Society
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Sustainbility and sustaiable Sustainbility and sustaiable developmentdevelopment
SustainabilitySustainability: : Refers to whether a process can be Refers to whether a process can be continued indefinitely without depleting the energy continued indefinitely without depleting the energy or material resources on which it depends. or material resources on which it depends.
sustainable developmentsustainable development: : Development that Development that provides people with a better life without sacrificing provides people with a better life without sacrificing or depleting resources or causing environmental or depleting resources or causing environmental impacts that will undercut future generations. impacts that will undercut future generations.
sustainable society. sustainable society. A society that functions in a A society that functions in a way so as not to deplete energy or material way so as not to deplete energy or material resources on which it depends. resources on which it depends.
2003-09-Yan
Three dimensions of sustainable Three dimensions of sustainable developmentdevelopment
development that meets the needs of the present without development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needstheir own needs
The economyThe economy
growthgrowth
financial stabilityfinancial stability
The environmentThe environmentThe social welfareThe social welfare
employmentemployment
social and culturesocial and culture
EnergyEnergy
2003-09-Yan
Challenges to sustainable Challenges to sustainable developmentdevelopment
Global energy consumption: Global energy consumption: developing countriesdeveloping countries, , e.g., nearly 2 billion people lack access to electricity. e.g., nearly 2 billion people lack access to electricity. could be 5 billion in 2050.could be 5 billion in 2050.
Local and regional pollution from fossil fuels Local and regional pollution from fossil fuels (developing countries) + climate change (developed (developing countries) + climate change (developed countries)countries)
Security of energy supplySecurity of energy supply Reform and privatisation of energy market: power Reform and privatisation of energy market: power
energy policy-making is changing fast. Just as market, energy policy-making is changing fast. Just as market, more and more issues require more and more issues require regional or global co-regional or global co-ordinationordination..
Improvements in Improvements in energy efficiencyenergy efficiency and reductions in and reductions in the the cost of renewable energy sources cost of renewable energy sources
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EnergyEnergyEnergy plays an important role for all above Energy plays an important role for all above sustainable developments. We need a sustainable developments. We need a sustainable energy systemsustainable energy system
Sustainable Energy Systems: Sustainable Energy Systems:
– improving energy efficiencyimproving energy efficiency– switching to environmentally less harmful fuels, such as switching to environmentally less harmful fuels, such as
renewable energiesrenewable energies– the global equilibrium of energy production and the global equilibrium of energy production and
consumptionconsumption
2003-09-Yan
From Source to ServiceFrom Source to Service
SourcesSources
Fossil fuelsFossil fuels coalcoal oiloil natural gasnatural gas
RenewablesRenewables SolarSolar BiomassBiomass HydroHydro NuclearNuclear
ServicesServices lightlight warm/coolwarm/cool transportationtransportation
……......
Energy TechnologiesEnergy Technologies
Energy Technologies are supplying the services Energy Technologies are supplying the services
2003-09-Yan
An An example example of energy of energy chain from chain from extraction extraction to energy to energy serviceservice
© J. Yan-2003-09
Energy in the world from Energy in the world from IEA reportIEA report
http://www.iea.org/statist/http://www.iea.org/statist/keyworld2002/key2002/keyworld2002/key2002/
keystats.htmkeystats.htm
2003-09-Yan
Energy supply in the world by fuelEnergy supply in the world by fuel(sources, IEA, 2002)(sources, IEA, 2002)
2003-09-Yan
What happens in Nature when energy What happens in Nature when energy provides services ? A “heat engine provides services ? A “heat engine
model”model”
What have we paid What have we paid for the services?for the services?
Have we ever paid?Have we ever paid?
Forgot the nature?Forgot the nature?
Nature (Source)Nature (Source)
Nature (Sink)Nature (Sink)
SocietySociety
service/service/energyenergy
resourceresourcess
wasteswastes
Nature (Sink)Nature (Sink)
2003-09-Yan
Reason 1 - increase emissionsReason 1 - increase emissions: energy : energy production, industrial processes and production, industrial processes and transport. transport. The industrialised countries consequently The industrialised countries consequently must bear the main responsibility of must bear the main responsibility of reducing emissions of carbon dioxide.reducing emissions of carbon dioxide.
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Reason 2:Reason 2: decrease carbon sinkdecrease carbon sink cutting down forest uisng for or built-up cutting down forest uisng for or built-up areas, urbanisation, roads etcareas, urbanisation, roads etc
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?? ?? How to manage How to manage carbon carbon ?? ??
to reach the target to reach the target
Options Options focused on fossil fuels:focused on fossil fuels:
- reduce emissions- reduce emissions
- capture emissions- capture emissions
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A New Concept: A New Concept: The state of art: based on the fossil fuels. --The state of art: based on the fossil fuels. --
> > – it is possible to it is possible to reducereduce emissions emissions – but impossible to but impossible to avoidavoid emissions emissions
= = reduce increasing emissionsreduce increasing emissions New idea: renewable (bioenergy) + removal New idea: renewable (bioenergy) + removal
technologytechnology New technical solution: New technical solution:
Biomass (= CO2 neutral) + capture CO2 Biomass (= CO2 neutral) + capture CO2 ==>> Negative CO2 emission==>> Negative CO2 emission
Managing Climate RiskManaging Climate Risk
2003-09-Yan
Advantages of Managing Climate Advantages of Managing Climate RiskRisk
Increase the carbon sink by increase Increase the carbon sink by increase use of biomass to substitute fossil use of biomass to substitute fossil fuelsfuels
Cost Effective COCost Effective CO2 2 Capture Capture
Results in Results in Science Oct 26 2001Science Oct 26 2001
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Bioenergy + COBioenergy + CO22 Removal Removal
energy products
biofuels
ashes (minerals)
carbon dioxide
CO2
CO2 removal
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Comparison between fossil fuel based Comparison between fossil fuel based and biomass based COand biomass based CO22 capture capture
systemssystems
-2
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
0,5
Coal-firedsteam power
plant wchemicalabsorption
Coal IGCC-COshift-physical
absorption
NGCC wchemical
absorption
Recoveryboiler wchemical
absorption,power
BLIGCC wphysical
absorption,power
kgC
O2/
kWhe
© J. Yan-2003-09
Strategy implementation Strategy implementation requiresrequires
Technology InnovationTechnology Innovation
2003-09-Yan
Example of Technology Example of Technology InnovationInnovation
Humid Air Turbine (HAT Humid Air Turbine (HAT Cycle)Cycle)
Parallel combination of steam and Parallel combination of steam and gas turbinegas turbine
FeaturesFeatures– High efficiency, low cost, low NOxHigh efficiency, low cost, low NOx
Joint working teams with both Joint working teams with both industries and universitiesindustries and universities– Pre-study: 1992—1993Pre-study: 1992—1993– ProgramProgram :: 19931993 ::
ABBABB (( Alstom), VOLVO, VATENFALL, Alstom), VOLVO, VATENFALL, SYDKRAFTSYDKRAFT ,, EL-FORSK, EL-KRAFT, KTH, LTHEL-FORSK, EL-KRAFT, KTH, LTH
– 1998, first pilot plant1998, first pilot plant
2003-09-Yan
Innovation of Energy Innovation of Energy SystemsSystems
Integration of energy systems Integration of energy systems with industrial processwith industrial process
2003-09-Yan
MISTRA KAM R&DMISTRA KAM R&D Integration of energy technologies into forest industryIntegration of energy technologies into forest industry
Efficiency and Product ImprovementEfficiency and Product Improvement
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Future Energy Future Energy TechnologiesTechnologies
Integrated and Clean Energy Plant Integrated and Clean Energy Plant Multiple fuel feedstock and Multiple fuel feedstock and products products
Larger becomes largerLarger becomes larger Smaller becomes smallerSmaller becomes smaller
Distributed power generation Distributed power generation “Personal Turbine”“Personal Turbine”
2003-09-Yan
Modules and IntegrationModules and Integration
FeedstocksFossil- coal- gas- oil
OpportunityFeedstocks- Biomass
- Municipal waste
- Refinery waste
Fuel Upgrading
Gas streamcleanup
ProcessOptions
GasificationCombustion
Heat exchangeSeparationCatalysisFuel &
ChemicalSynthesis
Energy Conversion- Turbine
- Fuel Cells
OutputOptions
ElectricityChemicals
TransportationFuels
SyngasHydrogen
Steam
Ash/traceElements
CO2
Co-products
CO2-Rich Stream
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Summary –Summary – toward towardss a sustainable energy a sustainable energy
futurefuture
Technologies innovationTechnologies innovation
Reduce our demands for servicesReduce our demands for servicesBetter quality of life with enough to Better quality of life with enough to meet our needs -- not our wants!meet our needs -- not our wants!= Change Life Style != Change Life Style !
2003-09-Yan
Future: Kids’ dreamFuture: Kids’ dream
Reality: Reality: to be or not to beto be or not to be
??
2003-09-Yan
Sources: EU Energy and Transport in Figures, 2002Sources: EU Energy and Transport in Figures, 2002
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Sources: EU Energy and Transport in Figures, 2002Sources: EU Energy and Transport in Figures, 2002
2003-09-Yan
About MeAbout Me 1989, 1989, came to Swedencame to Sweden 1991, 1991, PhD, KTHPhD, KTH 1997, 1997, Docent, KTHDocent, KTH 2001, 2001, Professor, LTUProfessor, LTU Research Interests:Research Interests:
– Advanced power generation cyclesAdvanced power generation cycles– Climate change mitigation technologiesClimate change mitigation technologies– Biomass energy systemsBiomass energy systems– Thermodynamic properties of working Thermodynamic properties of working
fluidsfluids