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Roanoke The first British attempts at colonization were on Roanoke Island. Queen Elizabeth gave Sir Walter Raleigh the right to claim land in this area. In 1585, 100 men came to settle the land, but after a terrible winter, they gave up and came home only a couple of weeks before a supply ship arrived. The supply ship found the fort at Roanoke deserted and they did not want it claimed by another country, so they left 15 men to take care of it.

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Sir Walter Raleigh tried again to colonize Roanoke. This time he sent 91 men, 17 women and 9 children to Roanoke to meet up with the 15 men the supply ship had left behind. John White, a famous map maker and artist was chosen as the new governor. When they arrived, the only sign of the 15 men was one skeleton.

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The colony decided to stay in Roanoke anyway. After a short time, Whites daughter gave birth to a daughter (the first English child born in North America). She was named Virginia Dare. The new colony needed many supplies, so John White reluctantly left to go back to England. He thought he would be gone a short time. Because of war with Spain, however, he could not go back for almost 3 years!

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When White returned, there was no sign of the colonists. All he found were the letters CRO carved into a tree and CROATAN carved into a fort post. White assumed that meant the colonists moved to Hatteras Island to live with the friendly Croatan Natives led by Chief Manteo. He was never able to look because a hurrican made them leave immediately back to England, and Sir Walter Raleigh, after so many failed attempts, decided to give up his dream of colonization. The fate of the Colony is one of Histories Mysteries.

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After the failed attempts at Roanoke, most were discouraged to try again In 1607 a group called the Virginia Company formed a joint stock company (people bought stock or invested their own money for a share of future profits) Out of 144 colonist 40 died on the voyage over to Jamestown. A few months later, only 38 of the original colonists survived. Reasons 1. Looking for gold instead of food 2. Disease 3. Hunger

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Despite the hardships, colonists did not give up. Captain John Smith emerged as a leader and made the colonists work 400 more colonists came in 1609 Still life was hard and many died Another colonist, John Rolfe, helped colonists find a way to make money by growing tobacco John Rolfe also married Pocahontas, who was the daughter of Chief Powhatan and that improved relations with the Native Americans.

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England was a protestant Christian but not Catholic) country. The Church of England was the official religion. People who went against the Church of England were persecuted. 1. Some who were persecuted wanted to continue to practice their Catholic faith 2. Some were persecuted for wanted to practice a purer form of the Church of England Puritans. 3. Some wanted to separate from the Church of England Separatists.

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Many separatists decided to make an agreement with the Virginia company to come to America and practice their religion freely. In exchange, the colonists would give VA co. a portion of any money they made. Separatists left on the Mayflower in 1620. 35 out of the 102 passengers were leaving for religious reasons and are called Pilgrims.

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The Mayflower landed north of the VA territory on Cape Cod. Since it was outside the VA territory, they made an agreement to run the colony by its citizens according to the laws of England. This was done before they went ashore. This agreement is called The Mayflower Compact. Why do you think the Mayflower Compact is important to Americas history?

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The Mayflower Compact was important because it set up some self rule by the citizens and it was an agreement to give some the authority to govern.

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Half the Pilgrims died that first Winter The next spring and summer a helpful Wampanong Indian named Squanto taught the colonists how to live off the land and grow their own food. The Pilgrims were so thankful they had a feast to celebrate at harvest time The first Thanksgiving.

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Between 1630 and 1643 more than 20,000 English Puritans joined the original Pilgrims in the MA area. This is called The Great Migration. Besides MA they spread and founded CT, RI, and NH. Most came to gain religious freedom, but many craftsman and others came to find opportunity.

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Described by one settler as, a rocky, barren, bushy, wild-woody wilderness. Harsh climate with a hilly terrain and thin, rocky soil made farming difficult in this region Best way to get food was from their forests and from fish in the ocean which Squanto taught them. It also became a source of money later.

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New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania are all called the Middle Colonies. The region containing the Middle Colonies is a very diverse region. 1. Land 2. People 3. Languages 4. Religion 5. Ways of life

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Land Much of this area in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. This land is flat and easy to plow This land is flat and easy to plow fertile and good for farming. fertile and good for farming. Some of the land in western NY and PA have part of the Appalachian mtns. *land harder to farm * forests rich in timber and furs from beavers Climate This climate has cold winters and hot summers

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There was a very diverse population in this area. There were English, French, Dutch, Irish, Swedes, Danes, Germans, Finns here There were as many languages as nationalities in the area.

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The Religions in this area were also very diverse. One observer to NY saw churches and synagogues for Catholics, Luterans, Anabaptists, Presbyterian, Quakers, Jews, Moravian and High Dutch. Further he said, because these people are of different nations, language and religions it is almost impossible to say exactly what they are.

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Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland Land and Climate -along the coastline it is hard to tell where the ocean ends and the land begins because the Atlantic Coastal plain is indented by great bays, tidal rivers and low-lying swamps. Looks like it has no solid coastline.

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The climate and soil of this region are ideal for raising many warm-weather crops. Most English colonist made their living of the land growing Tobacco Rice Sugar cane Indigo Southern plantations (large self-sufficient farms) were run with slave labor. Plantation owners lived very, very nicely. The population was less dense.