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Roman expansion:Punic Wars
Carthage vs. Rome Romans won & gained control over
Mediterranean Sea Julius Caesar
Roman general who made himself dictator Assassinated (i.e. murdered) by Senate, who
feared he would make himself emperorAugustus & the Pax Romana
Augustus: first emperor Pax Romana: period of peace & stability that
lasted almost 200 years
Video – “DE – The Pax Romana” (4:10)TAKE NOTES (I will be calling on students
to share what they learned) How long did the Pax Romana last? What happened during the Pax
Romana? When did Rome stop expanding? Why?
Rome stopped expanding in 106 C.E. b/c… What else did you learn in the video?
Ordinary Romans got…New jobs, better housing, free grain (the
Dole), free public bathsMassive building program in Rome
Marble from nearby hills for palaces, theaters, shrines, and public baths
Augustus (1st emperor, founded Praetorian guard) 27 BCE - 14 CE
Tiberius 14-37 CE Caligula 37-41 CE Claudius 41-54 CE Nero 54-68 CE Year of Four Emperors 69 CE Vespasian (Founder of Flavian dynasty)
69-79 CE Titus 79-81 CE Domitian 81-96 CE
Nerva (96-98 CE) – became emperor at age 65 & tried to pass reforms in Rome
Trajan (98-117 CE) – extended Roman empire to largest size
Hadrian (117-138 CE) – Hadrian’s Wall in England, Pantheon
Antoninus Pius (138-161 CE) – reign was most peaceful during entire Imperial period
Marcus Aurelius (161-180 CE) – philosopher-kingDeath of Marcus Aurelius marks end of Pax
Romana
“Mixed bag” of Roman emperorsSome attempted to make changes/reformsLimit power of Praetorian Guard,
protect borders of empire, etc.Others made things worse
Costly wars with other peoples, slaughtering innocent people, etc.