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पॉल डिवड वॉशर पॉल डिवड वॉशर

efgeke; lqlekpkj dh [kkst© ALETHIA Publications, 2018

The title Discovering the Glorious Gospel is originally published in English by Media Gratiae.Copyright ©2016 by Paul Washer. This Hindi version has been translated and published by Alethia Publications

with permission.

First Hindi Edition 2018

All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means,

Electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or anyInformation storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing

from the publisher.

Published & Distributed byALETHIA Publications.

Chandra Niwas Building, Bitco Point, Nashik Road 422101,Maharashtra, India.Wwww.alethiabooks.com

Alethia Publications is the publishing division ofAlethia Publication & Training Pvt. Ltd.

[email protected]

Price: q200

Hindi Translation: Sameer Salve & Team.Cover Design: Jon Green

Printed and bound in India byGS Media, Secunderabad 500 067

E-mail: [email protected]

ßtSlk fd vis{kk dh xbZ] ikWy okW'kj efgeke; lqlekpkj dh [kkst ¼Discovering the Glorious Gospel½ esa eq[; lqlekpkj fl)karksa esa fo'okl;ksX; ekxZn'kZd jgs gSaA ;gka ij vkidks dqN Vhdk laca/kh vkSj /keZlS)kfUrd Li"Vhdj.k rFkk lgk;d] ekxZn'kZd iz'u ,oa ckbcy iBu feysaxsA ;g O;fDrxr ;k lkeqfgd v/;;u ds fy,

vR;ar mi;qDr lk/ku gksxk] tks ijes'oj dkSu gS vkSj mlus dSls gesa cpkus gsrq efgeke; rjhds ls dk;Z fd;k gS bl fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr xkSjo'kkyh lPpkb;ksa dks vkSj xgjkbZ ls [kkst fudkys gsrq yksxksa dks l{ke cuk,xkA

& js oWu usLrs] izk[;krk ;wfu;u fo'ofo|ky;] bZ ,l Ogh v/;;u ckbcy esa ;ksxnku drkZ

ßikWy okW'kj dh iqLrd efgeke; lqlekpkj dh [kkst LoxZ ls vkbZ rkth gok ds >ksds ds leku gSA lcls igys] ;g ,d dk;ZiqfLrdk gS tks gesa pqukSrh nsrh gS fd ge ckbcy i<+sa vkSj Lo;a ds fy, lqlekpkj dh vkRe&iks"kd lPpkb;ksa dks lh[ksaA ikWy okW'kj ckbcy dh le`) vo/kkj.kkvksa dk mi;ksx dj elhg ds dk;Z vkSj O;fDrRo dh :ijs[kkvksa dks mtkxj djrs gSa tc rd fd lqlekpkj fofLer djus okys ,OgjsLV ioZr ds leku mHkj dj u vk tk,A nwljh ckr] ;g iqLrd gesa okil ml cqfu;knh dkj.k dh vksj ys tkrk gS fd ijes'oj D;ksa gesa ml rjg

cpkrk gS tSls og lqlekpkj ds }kjk djrk gS% rkfd [kqn dks efgek ns ldsA iqLrd dk vkjaHk ml bZ’ojh; }an ls gksrk gS] vkSj bruk lcdqN dgus vkSj djus ds ckn og gesa vuqxzg vkSj U;k; ds ijeiz/kku ijes'oj dh vkjk/kuk djus gsrq vius ?kqVuksa ij ykrk gSA ;fn vki tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd lqlekpkj D;ksa lnk ds fy, lcls egku lR; gS]

rks bl iqLrd dks [kjhnsa vkSj vius gkFkksa esa ckbcy [kqyh j[kdj mldk v/;;u djsa!Þ

& dkWujSM e~csos] iklcku] dcokVk cSfIVLV ppZ] QkÅaMs'kUl QkWj n ¶ykWd ds ys[kd

ß;h'kq elhg dk lqlekpkj vf}rh; 'kqHk lekpkj gS fd ijes'oj us vius iq= dks txr esa Hkstk rkfd ßtxr mlds }kjk m)kj ik,AÞ efgeke; lqlekpkj dh [kkst bl fdrkc esa ikWy okW'kj lqlekpkj dh dbZ [kqclwjr lPpkb;ksa dk fopkjiwoZd foospu djrs gSa ftUgsa vDlj vuns[kk fd;k tkrk gSA bu vn~Hkqr okLrfodrkvksa ij izdk’k Mkyrs gq,

ikWy laiw.kZ ifo= 'kkL= ds fy, mRre ekxZn'kZd fl) gksrs gSaA

& ,UFkuh vkj- eWFksfu;k] iklcku] ØkbLV ppZ & jSMQksMZ] fcgksYM ;ksj xkWM ds ys[ku esa ;ksxnku

v

efgeke; lqlekpkj dh [kkst

fo"k;&lwph

ifjp;% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - viiv/;k; 1% bZ’ojh; }an vkSj lqlekpkj - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

v/;k; 2% euq"; dks cpkus ds fy;s ijes’oj dk vfHkizk; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7

v/;k; 3% m)kj djus ds fy, iq= ds vkus dk mís'; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13

v/;k; 4% ijes’oj dk iq= viuh efgek esa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21

v/;k; 5% iq= us ekuo :i /kkj.k fd;k - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26

v/;k; 6% iq= euq"; cuk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33

v/;k; 7% iq= us ,d fl) thou ft;k - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39

v/;k; 8% iq= us gekjs iki dks mBk fy;k - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45

v/;k; 9% iq= ’kki cuk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 51

v/;k; 10% iq= us ijes’oj ds Øks/k dks lgk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56

v/;k; 11% iq= ej x;k - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 65

v/;k; 12% elhg gekjk izk;f’pr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71

v/;k; 13% elhg gekjk NqVdkjk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77

v/;k; 14% Eklhg gekjk NqVdkjk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 83

v/;k; 15% Eklhg gekjk esyfeyki - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 89

v/;k; 16% Eklhg gekjk esyfeyki - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 96

v/;k; 17% elhg gekjk cfynku - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 99

v/;k; 18% Eklhg esEuk gS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 105

v/;k; 19% Eklhg cfynku dk cdjk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 111


vi

v/;k; 20% elhg xkM+k x;k - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 117

v/;k; 21% elhg thfor gqvk gS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 122

v/;k; 22% iqu#RFkku esa gekjs fo’okl dh cqfu;kn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 128

v/;k; 23% elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds izek.k - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 131

v/;k; 24% elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk xq.kLoHkko - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 143

v/;k; 25% elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk egRo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 148

v/;k; 26% Eklhg ds iqu:RFkku dh vfuok;Zrk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 154

v/;k; 27% iq= dk LoxkZjksg.k gqvk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 160

v/;k; 28% gekjk egkefgeu~ m)kjdrkZ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 168

v/;k; 29% gekjk egkefgeu~ e/;LFk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 174

v/;k; 30% gekjk egkefgeu~ lgk;d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 180

v/;k; 31% elhg jktk gS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 185

v/;k; 32% Eklhg izHkq gS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 191

v/;k; 33% elhg U;k;h gS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 197

v/;k; 34% U;k; dh fu’p;rk - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 203

vii


ifjp;%

v/;;u dh i/nfr

,d fo|kFkhZ ds fy;s bl v/;;u dk egku y{; ;g gS fd og ijes’oj ds opu ds }kjk mlls lkeuk djsaA bl /kkj.kk ij vk/kkfjr gksdj fd /keZ’kkL= ijes’oj dh izsj.kk ls jfpr gSa vkSj ijes’oj dk vpwd opu gSa] ;g v/;;u bl rjg fufeZr fd;k x;k gS fd fo|kFkhZ ds fy;s fcYdqy vlaHko gS fd og vius lkeus fcuk ckbcy [kksys] vkxs c<+ ldrs gSaA 2 freqfFk;ql 2%15 esa of.kZr izsfjr ikSyql ds mins’k dks ekuus esa ikBd dh lgk;rk djuk] bl v/;;u dk y{; gS%

^^vius vkidks ijes’oj ds xzg.k;ksX; ,slk dk;Z djusokyk Bgjkus dk iz;Ru dj ftlls yfTtr gksuk u iM+s vkSj tks lR; ds opu dks Bhd Bhd dke esa yk,A**

izR;sd v/;k; ;h’kq elhg ds lqlekpkj ds ,d fo’ks"k igyw dks lacksf/kr djrk gSA fo|kFkhZ izR;sd v/;k; dks iz’uksa ds mRrj nsrs gq, iw.kZ djsxk vkSj fn;s x;s inksa ds vuqlkj funsZ’kksa dk ikyu djsxkA fo|kFkhZ dks izsfjr fd;k x;k gS fd og izR;sd in ij /;ku djs vkSj vius fopkjksa dks fy[ksA blls feyus okyk ykHk fo|kFkhZ }kjk fd;s x;s v/;;u ds fuos’k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA vxj fo|kFkhZ iz’uksa ds mRrj fopkjghurk ds lkFk] dsoy inksa dh udy djrs gq, vkSj blds vFkZ dks le>us dh ps"Vk fd;s fcuk nsrk gS] rks ;g iqLrd mlds fy;s cgqr gh de lgk;d gksxhA

efgeke; lqlekpkj dh [kkst ;g ikBîØe izkFkfed rkSj ij ,d ckbcy v/;;u gS vkSj ;g cgqr vf/kd jaxhu fp=.k] vuwBh dgkfu;ka ;k /keZfoKkuh fVIif.k;ka ls Hkh Hkjk gqvk ugha gSA ;g ys[kd dh bPNk Fkh fd ,d vH;kl ,slk fn;k tk;s tks dsoy /keZ’kkL= ds inksa dh vksj ladsr djs vkSj ijes’oj ds opu dks Lo;a ckrphr djus nsA

;g vH;kl iqfLrdk fdlh O;fDr }kjk] ,d NksVs lewg esa] laMs Ldwy d{kk esa vFkok nwljs lanHkksZ esa iz;qDr dh tk ldrh gSA ;g vuq’kalk mPp Lrj ij dh tkrh gS fd fo|kFkhZ vius lewg ;k f’k";rk izeq[k ls bl ij ppkZ djus ds fy;s ,oa iz’uksa ds laca/k esa ckr djus ls igys] izR;sd v/;k; dks iw.kZ djsA


viii

fo|kFkhZ ds fy;s lR;ksins'k

fo|kFkhZ dks ckbcy ds fl/nkar dk v/;;u djus ds fy;s vkSj elhg thou esa blds mUur LFkku dk v/;;u djus ds fy;s iszfjr fd;k tkrk gSA ,d lPpk elhgh tu Hkkoukvksa vkSj cqf/n ds e/; ;k ijes’oj ds izzfr HkfDr vkSj ijes’oj ds fl)kar ds e/; vyxko dks lgu ugha dj ldrk gS vkSj u gha buds fcuk thfor jg ldrk gSA /keZ’kkL= ds vuqlkj] u gekjh Hkkouk;sa vkSj u gekjs vuqHko elhgh thou ds fy;s ,d mfpr uhao iznku djrs gSaA dsoy /keZ’kkL= dh lR; ckrsa] tks fopkjksa }kjk le>h x;ha gksa vkSj fl)karksa }kjk laizsf"kr dh x;h gks] ,d Bksl uhao iznku dj ldrh gS] ml uhao ij gesa gekjs fo’okl vkSj gekjs O;ogkj dk fuekZ.k djuk pkfg;s vkSj gekjh Hkkoukvksa vkSj vuqHko dh oS/krk dks r; djuk pkfg;sA cqf) ân; dk fojks/kh ugha gS vkSj fl)kar HkfDr dh jkg esa ck/kk ugha gSA nksuksa ije vko’;d ,oa vfoHkkT; gSaA /keZ’kkL= gesa vius laiw.kZ eu ls] viuh laiw.kZ vkREkk vkSj laiw.kZ cqf) ls izHkq gekjs ijes’oj ls izse j[kus ¼eRrh 22%37½] vkSj vkRek vkSj lPpkbZ nksuksa ls ijes’oj dh vkjk/kuk djus dh vkKk nsrk gS ¼;wgUuk 4%24½A

fl)kar dk v/;;u ckSf)d vkSj HkfDriw.kZ vuq’kklu nksuksa gSA ;g ijes’oj dks rhozrk ls [kkstuk gS] tks egkure O;fDrxr cnyko] vkKkdkfjrk vkSj ân; ls ifjiw.kZ gksdj vkjk/kuk djus dh vksj fo|kFkhZ dh lnSo vxqokbZ djsaA blfy;s] fo|kFkhZ dks ijes’oj ds O;fDrRo ds LFkku ij voS;fDrd Kku dks [kkstus okyh cM+h pqd djus ds izfr lnSo lpsr jguk pkfg;sA u rks fopkjghu HkfDr vkSj u gh ek= ckSf)d vuqlj.k] ykHknk;d gksrk gS] D;ksafd nksuksa gh ekeyksa esa ge ijes’oj dks [kks nsrs gSaA

ys[kd dh vksj ls 'kCn

;h’kq elhg dh e`R;q vkSj iqu:RFkku ekuo bfrgkl dh /kqjh gS] vHkh rd dh ,d egkure dgkuh gS ,oa tks LofxZd euu djus dk fo"k; gS ¼1 irjl 1%12½A tc ckbcy ds izfr bZekunkjh j[krs gq, bls lquk;k tkrk gS] rks ;g izR;sd fo’okl djus okys dks m)kj nsus okyh ijes’oj dh lkeFkZ gksrh gS ¼jksfe;ksa 1%16½ vkSj lc izdkj dh lPph /kkfeZdrk dk ,d cM+k L=ksr o izsj.kk Bgjrh gS ¼1 freqfFk;ql 3%16½A tc blds lans’k dks nwf"kr fd;k tkrk gS] rks ;g lquus okyksa ds fy;s e`R;q vkSj ftlus ;g xyr f’k{kk nh gS] mlds fy;s ?kksj Jki ykrk gS ¼xyfr;ksa 1%6&9½A bUgha dkj.kksa ls vkSj dbZ vU; dkj.kksa ls] elhgh tu dks lqlekpkj ds vius v/;;u dks izFke vkSj thoui;Zar pyus okyk dk;Z ekuuk pkfg;sA bUgha ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, bl vH;kl iqfLrdk dks jpk vkSj fy[kk x;k FkkA

eSa viuh iRuh ’kSjks vkSj vius pkjksa cPpksa ¼b;ku] boku] jksou vkSj czkWufou½ dk muds yxkrkj lg;ksx ds fy, vkHkkjh gwa tks eq>s ges’kk cMk vkuan nsrs gSA

1


v/;k; 1% bZ’ojh; }an vkSj lqlekpkj

/keZ’kkL= esa] ge lh[krs gSa fd ijes’oj ifo= gS( /kkfeZd gS( vkSj leLr izse] J)k vkSj vkKkdkfjrk ds ;ksX; gSA ge ;g Hkh lh[krs gSa fd ;|fi euq"; Hkyk jpk x;k Fkk] mlus Lo;a dks Hkz"V dj fy;k gS] ijes’oj dh vkKk dk fojks/k fd;k gS vkSj Lo;a dks LofxZ; naM vks< fy;k gSA ge bl v/;;u esa] ijes’oj }kjk ifrr O;fDr dh voLFkk dks lq/kkjus ds fy;s fd;s x;s vnHkqr dk;Z dh [kkst djsaxsA

bZ'ojh; }an

oscLVj ’kCndks"k esa”^^}an** ’kCn dh ifjHkk"kk nh x;h gS] ^^,slh ifjfLFkfr ftlesa nks cjkcj vlarks"ktud fodYi** lfEefyr gksrs gSa ;k ^^,d leL;k tks larks"ktud gy nsus esa vleFkZ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA** /keZ’kkL= esa] leLr }anksa esa ls lcls cM+k }an gekjs lkeus j[kk x;k gS% ijes’oj /kehZ gS( blfy;s] vo’; gS fd og funksZ"k dks NksM+rs gq, vkSj nks"kh dks naM nsrs gq,] dM+s fu;eksa ij vk/kkfjr U;k; djssaA vxj og nks"kh dks {kek djrk gS vkSj mldh vkKk ds izR;sd mYya?ku o izR;sd vukKkdkfjrk dks n.M ugha nsrk gS] rks og vU;k;h gSA ijUrq] vxj og izR;sd euq"; ds izfr U;k; djrk gS & vxj gjsd tu ds lkFk tSlk O;ogkj fd;k tkuk pkfg;s] og oSlk gh O;ogkj djrk gS & rc rks lHkh euq"; nafMr BgjsaxsA dSls ijes’oj U;k;h cus jgdj mu yksxksa ij n;k Hkh fn[kk ldrk gS ftUgsa naM feyuk pkfg;s Fkk\ jksfe;ksa 3%26 esa izsfjr ikSyql ds ’kCnksa dks iz’u :i esa vyx <ax ls O;Dr djrs gq, dg ldrs gSa%

fdl izdkj ijes’oj /kehZ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk v/kehZ euq";ksa dks /kehZ Bgjkusokyk gks ldrk gS\

ijes'oj ;wgha D;ksa {kek ugha dj ldrk\

dksbZ ’kk;n ;g iwNs] ^îjes’oj D;ksa ;wgha v/kehZ euq";ksa dks {kek dj elys dks gy ugha djrk gS\ /keZ’kkL= gesa eqDr Hkko ls {kek djus dh vkKk nsrs gSa] rks vxj ijes’oj ,slk djrs gSa rks ;g D;ksadj xyr gksxk\ bl iz’u dk mRrj f=Lrjh; gSA izFke] ijes’oj gekjs leku ugha gSa] ijarq viuh leLr jpuk ds tksM+ ls Hkh c<+dj vR;f/kd vuar :i esa og ewY;oku ijes’oj gSaA blfy;s] ;g u dsoy mfpr gS ijarq mlds fy;s vko’;d Hkh gS fd og nksuksa dk;Z djs fd viuh efgek djs ,oa mldh j{kk Hkh djsA D;kasfd og tks gS ml vius O;fDrRo ds dkj.k] FkksM+k lk fonzksg Hkh mlds O;fDrRo ds izfr Hkz"V


2

vijk/k] maps ntsZ dk fo’okl?kkr vkSj l[r :i esa fuank ds ;ksX; dgyk;sxkA mlds O;fDrRo ds izfr fdlh vijk/k dks gksus nsuk vkSj ,sls vijk/k dks ltk ugha nsuk ,d f}Lrjh; vU;k; dgyk;sxk% 1½ ijes’oj ds :i esa mldh ;Fkk;ksX; efgek dk badkj djds og Lo;a ds O;fDrRo ds izfr vU;k; djsxk] 2½ viuh jpuk dks Lo;a ds vfLrRo ds ¼vFkkZr ijes’oj dh efgek½ gksus ds ewy dkj.k ls badkj djus dh vuqefr nsdj] og viuh l`f"V ds izfr Hkh vU;k; djsxkA ;g dne O;FkZ gh fl) gksxkA vxj vk/kqfud euq"; ds fy;s ;g Lohdkj djuk bruk dfBu gS rks bldk dkj.k dsoy ;g gS fd ijes’oj ds izfr mldk n`f"Vdks.k fuEu gSA

nwljk] ijes’oj euq"; ds iki ;wgha {kek ugha dj ldrk vkSj mUgsa lekIr ugha dj ldrk D;ksafd mlds pfj= esa fojks/kkHkkl ugha gSA /keZ’kkL= fl[kkrs gSa fd ijes’oj vius lkjs xq.kksa o vius dk;ksZ esa ¼fcuk fojks/kkHkkl ds½ fl) gSA blfy;s] og ges’kk vius ijes’ojRo ds dkj.k fl)rk fy;s gq, lqlaxr O;ogkj djsxkA og fdlh nwljs xq.k dh dher ij ,d xq.k dks mapk ugha mBk;sxk] u gh og vius pfj= ds ,d igyw dk badkj fdlh nwljs igyw dks izxV djus ds fy;s djsxkA og izseh] rjl ls Hkjiwj vkSj yacs le; rd lgu’khy cus jgus okyk ijes’oj gS( fQj Hkh og ifo= gS] /kehZ gS] vius lkjs dk;ksZ o U;k; djus esa U;k;h gSA ig izse ds uke esa viuh ifo=rk ls badkj ugha dj ldrk vkSj og n;k fn[kykus ds dkj.k mlds U;k; dh mis{kk ugha dj ldrkA dbZ vPNh ea’kk okys lqlekpkj ds izpkjdksaa us xyr f’k{kk nh gS fd ikih tu dk U;k; djus ds ctk; ijes’oj us izseh ijes’oj gksuk r; fd;k gSA fdUrq] bl vlR; dk rkfdZd fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd ijes’oj dk izse vU;k;h gS vkSj og izse ds uke ls vius Lo;a ds Bgjk;s gq, U;k; ls eqag eksM+ ldrk gSA ,sls dFku ijes’oj ds xq.kksa dh mis{kk djrs gSaA lqlekpkj dk vk’p;Z bl ckr esa ugha Fkk fd ijes’oj us U;k; ds LFkku ij izse dks pquk] ijarq og izse esa {kek iznku djus ds mijkar Hkh U;k;h cus jgus esa leFkZ FkkA

rhljk] ijes’oj leLr txr dk U;k;drkZ gSA ;g mldk dk;Z gS fd og ns[ks fd U;k; fd;k x;k gS] cqjkbZ dks naM feyk gS vkSj lgh O;fDr nks"keqDr gqvk gSA ftl izdkj bl lalkj esa fdlh U;k;k/kh’k ds fy;s mlds U;k;ky; esa dV?kjs es [kM+s vijk/kh dks {kek djuk mfpr ugha gksxk] mlh izdkj LofxZ; U;k;k/kh’k ds fy;s ;g mfpr ugha gksxk fd og ml nq"V dks {kek djs tks mlds U;k;ky; esa dV?kjs es [kM+k gSA D;k vusd yksxksa ds }kjk ckj ckj ;g f’kdk;r ugha feyrh fd gekjh U;k;iz.kkyh Hkz"V gS\ tc vijkf/k;ksa dks ltk feyrh gS rks D;k ge ’kfeZanxh eglwl ugha djrs gSa\ D;k ge gekjs vius U;k;k/kh’k ls U;k; dh ftruh vis{kk djrs gSa mlls de U;k; dh vis{kk ijes’oj ls djrs gSa\ ;g ,d iq[rk lR; gS fd U;k; ds vey fd;s fcuk] leLr ns’k] yksx vkSj lH;rk;sa vjktdrk vkSj Lo&fouk’k esa vfopkjh <ax ls u"V gks tk;saxhA vxj ijes’oj us viuh Lo;a dh /kkfeZdrk dh mis{kk dh gksrh( vxj {kek U;k; dks larq"V fd;s fcuk iznku dh x;h gksrh( vxj cqjkbZ ds fy;s dksbZ vafre U;k; ugha gksrk] rks l`f"V ds fy;s ;g vlguh; gks tkrkA

bZ’ojh; }an vkSj lqlekpkj

3

ifo= 'kkL= esa izLrqr }an

leLr /keZ’kkL= esa laHkkfor lcls cM+k iz’u ;g gS% ^^dSls ijes’oj U;k;h gks ldrk gS vkSj rkSHkh ftUgsa naM feyuk pkfg;s] mu ij n;k fn[kk ldrk gS\** fdl izdkj og /kehZ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk v/kehZ euq";ksa dks /kehZ Bgjkusokyk gks ldrk gS\ /keZ’kkL= ds fuEufyf[kr inksa esa] ;g bZ'ojh; }an fuZfookn Li"Vr% fn[kkbZ nsxkA

1- fuxZeu 23%7 vkSj jksfe;ksa 4%5 esa] ge bZ’ojh; }an ds mRre mnkgj.k ikrs gSa & fdl izdkj ijes’oj /kehZ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk

v/kehZ euq";ksa dks /kehZ Bgjkusokyk gks ldrk gS\

v- fuxZeu 23%7 esa ijes’oj Lo;a ds fy;s D;k ?kksf"kr djrk gS\

¼1½ D;ksafd eS______________dks______________u BgjkmaxkA

fVIif.k;ka% ^^nks"keqDr djuk** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds ^^lkMsd** ’kCn ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^Û;k; djuk] funksZ"k Bgjkuk] ;k lgh ?kksf"kr djukA**

c- dSls ;g Hkfo";ok.kh crkrh gS fd elhgk fdlh euq"; ls c<+dj gksxk & fd og vuar ijes’oj gksxk\

¼1½ og tks______________dks______________Bgjkrk gSA

fVIif.k;ka% ^^/kehZ Bgjkrk gS** ’kCn] ;wukuh Hkk"kk dh fdz;k fMdk;w ls fudyk gS ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^lgh Bgjkuk vFkok nks"keqDr djukA**

d- ;s nksuksa in dSls bZ’ojh; }an dks fpf=r djrs gSa\

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fVIif.k;ka% fuxZeu 23%7 Li"V :i esa iqf"V djrk gS ijes’oj nks"kh dks funksZ"k ;k nks"keqDr ugha Bgjk;sxk] ijarq mlds izfr fl) U;k; djsxkA fdUrq] jksfe;ksa 4%5 esa] ’kkL=ys[k fufHkZdrk ls izR;sd fo’oklh dh ml cM+h vk’kk dks ?kksf"kr djrk gS fd ijes’oj HkfDrghu dks /kehZ Bgjkrk gS! nksuksa dFku fdl izdkj lR; gks ldrs gSa\


4

2- bZ’ojh; }an ls lacaf/kr inksa esa ls ,d lcls vf/kd l’kDr fp=.k uhfropu 17%15 esa feyrk gSA

v- uhfropu 17%15 esa dkSulk lkoZHkkSfed vkSj vpy lR; fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS\

¼1½ tks nks"kh dks______________vkSj______________dks______________nks"kh Bgjkrk gSA mu nksuks ls ;gksok______________

djrk gSA

fVIif.k;ka% ^^?k`.kk** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds Vks&,ck ’kCn ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^dksbZ pht tks }s"k djus ;ksX;] f?kukSuh ;k ohHkRl gSA bczkuh /keZ’kkL= esa ;g lcls dM+s ’kCnksa esa ls ,d gSa!

c- uhfropu 17%15 esa tks lR; izdkf’kr fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;g lR; fd ijes’oj v/kehZ dks /kehZ Bgjkrk gS ¼jksfe;ksa 4%5½ dSls bZ’ojh; }an dk fp=.k djrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ge iwoZ esa izsfjr ikSyql ds vyx <ax ls O;Dr ’kCnksa esa bZ’ojh; }an dks crk pqds gSa% ^îjes’oj /kehZ gksus ds ckotqn v/kehZ dks dSls /kehZ Bgjk ldrk gS\** ;gka }an dks iqu% crk;k x;k gS% ^îjes’oj v/kehZ dks dSls /kehZ Bgjk ldrk gS fd tks mlds ifo= vkSj /kehZ pfj= ds izfr ?k`.kk ;ksX; ;k f?kukSuk u Bgjs\**

3- fuxZeu 34%5&7 esa] bZ’ojh; }an dk ,d vkSj Li"V mnkgj.k feyrk gSA bl ikB dks i<+sa vkSj vH;kl dks iw.kZ djsaA

v- in 7 esa] ijes’oj nks fojks/kkHkklh ?kks"k.kk;sa djrs gSa tks l’kDr :i esa bZ’ojh; }an dk fp=.k djrh gSaA bu ?kks"k.kkvksa dks igpkfu;sA

¼1½ ijes’oj______________( ______________ vkSj ______________{kek djusokyk gSA

¼2½ ijes’oj______________ fdlh Hkh izdkj______________fn, fcuk ugh NkssMsxkA

c- in 7 ds }an dk fp=.k le>kb;sA

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bZ’ojh; }an vkSj lqlekpkj

5

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fVIif.k;ka% dSls nksuksa dFku lR; gks ldrs gSa\ ,d gh in lHkh ikiksa dh {kek dk ok;nk djrk gS vkSj ;g psrkouh Hkh nsrk gS fd ijes’oj nks"kh dks {kek ugha djsxk ;k mls naM fn;s fcuk ugha NksM+sxkA

4- gekjs v/;;u ds bl v/;k; dks lekIr djus ls iwoZ] ge laiw.kZ ckbcy esa ls ,d lcls [kwclwjr va’k dks ns[ksaxsA jksfe;ksa 4%7&8

esa] izsfjr ikSyql Hktu lafgrk 32%1&2 in dks nksgjkrk gSA jksfe;ksa ds bl va’k dks if<+;s] tc rd vki bldh fo"k; oLrq ls

ifjfpr u gks tk;sa] vkSj rc fuEufyf[kr iz’uksa ds mRrj nhft;sA

v- jksfe;ksa 4%7&8 ds vuqlkj] tks euq"; ijes’oj ds le{k /kU; gS] mlds rhu xq.k crkb;s\

¼1½ ftuds______________{kek gq, ¼in 7½A

¼2½ ftuds______________x, ¼in 7½A

¼3½ mlds______________dk______________izHkq ugha ysxk ¼in 8½A

c- dkSulh /keZfoKkuh dfBukbZ;ka jksfe;ksa 4%7&8 esa izLrqr dh x;h gSa\

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fVIif.k;ka% fdl izdkj /kehZ ijes’oj] euq"; ds O;oLFkkfofgu dk;ksZ dks {kek dj ldrk gS vkSj mudk ys[kk Hkh ugha j[krk\


6

bZ'ojh; mRrj

/keZ’kkL= dh lcls cM+h iqf"V;ksa esa ls ,d iqf"V ;g gS fd ijes’oj ds fy;s dqN Hkh vlaHko ugha gS! ;g lR; lokZf/kd Li"Vrk ds lkFk ijes’oj dh ml iz.kkyh esa ftlesa og ikih euq"; dks {kek djrs gq, vius /kkfeZd O;fDrRo dks dk;e j[krk gS] izdkf’kr gqvk gS% ijes’oj ekuo cu x;k vkSj vius yksxksa ds iki dzwl ij fy;s ml bZ’ojh; U;k; dks lgk tks euq"; ds fojks/k es Bgjk;k x;k FkkA vius yksxksa ds cnys] mlds d"V lgus vkSj ejus ls] ijes’oj mu yksxksa ds fy;s Bgjk;s naM dh ekax ls larq"V gqvk vkSj muds izfr Lo;a ds dzks/k dks ’kkar fd;k rkfd mldh /kkfeZdrk esa gksdj mldh n;k mu yksxksa ij lrr fl)rk ds lkFk cuh jgsA

lcls cM+k }an & ^^dSls ijes’oj U;k;h gks ldrk gS vkSj rkSHkh nq"V ds mij n;k dj ldrk gS\^^ & bldk mRrj ;h’kq elhg ds lqlekpkj esa fey pqdk gSA ogh ijes’oj tks viuh /kkfeZdrk esa nq"V dks nafMr djrk gS] euq"; cudj nq"V ds LFkku ij izk.k nsrk gSA ijes’oj nq"V dks /kehZ Bgjkus ds fy;s vius U;k; dh ekax dh mis{kk ugha djrk] R;kxrk ugha vFkok mls myVrk ugha( blds ctk; mlus vius iq= ds dyojh ij nq%[k mBkus vkSj izk.k nsus ds }kjk U;k; dh ekax dk ewY; pqdk;kA

7


v/;k; 2% euq"; dks cpkus ds fy;s ijes’oj dk vfHkizk;

;g iwNuk mfpr gS fd vius ,dek= iq= dks ejus Hkstus ds ihNs ijes’oj dk D;k vfHkizk; gks ldrk gS rkfd ikih euq";ksa dks cpk;k tk ldsA /keZ’kkL= esa] ge dks Kkr gksrk gS fd ijes’oj fdlh bZ’ojh; vko’;drk ds dkj.k euq"; dks ugha cpkrs ;k euq"; ds fdlh fufgr ewY; ds dkj.k] ;k pwafd mlus dksbZ vPNs dk;Z fd;s gksa] bu dkj.kksa ls mls ugha cpkrsA cfYd] viuh Lo;a dh efgek dh iz’kalk vkSj euq"; ds izfr ml egku izse ds dkj.k mUgksaus gesa cpk;kA

Ikjes’oj ls lacaf/kr lcls foLe;kdkjh lR;ksa esa ls ,d lR; ;g gS fd og iw.kZr% fdlh Hkh vko’;drk ls eqDr gSA mldk vfLrRo] mldh bPNk dh iw.kZrk] vkSj mldk vkuan fdlh ij fuHkZj ugha djrk ;k mlds O;fDrRo ls ckgj dh fdlh oLrq ij fuHkZj ugha gSA og ,dek= Lo & vfLrRo/kkjh] Lo&fl)] Lo&i;kZIr] Lora= vkSj eqDr gSA leLr tho/kkjh vius thou vkSj vk’kh"ksa ijes’oj ls izkIr djrs gSa] ijarq ijes’oj ds vfLrRo o mlds fl) vkuan ds fy;s tks lc dqN vko’;d gS] og Lo;a mlesa gh miyC/k gSA rks ;g f’k{kk nsuk ;k ,slh lykg Hkh nsuk fd ijes’oj us viuh vko’;drk ;k vius v/kwjsiu ds dkj.k euq"; dks cuk;k ;k og mls cpkrk gS] ,slh f’k{kk vlaxr vkSj bZ’k&fuank Hkh gSA

^îjes’oj ftlus txr vkSj mlesa dh lc oLrqvksa dks cuk;k] ogh LoxZ vkSj i`Foh dk izHkq gSA og gkFk ds cuk, gq, eafnjksa esa fuokl ugha djrkA vkSj u gh euq";ksa ds gkFkksa ls mldh lsok Vgy gksrh gS] ekuks fd mls fdlh ckr dh vko’;drk gks] D;ksafd og Lo;a lc dks thou] ’okl vkSj lc dqN iznku djrk gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 17%24&25( Hktu lafgrk 50%9&12 dks Hkh if<+;s½

euq"; ds ckjs esa lcls fouez djus okys ckbcy ds lR;ksa esa ls ,d lR; ;g gS fd og xq.k ;k ;ksX;rk jfgr gSA blfy;s] ifrr euq"; esa ,slk dqN ugha gS fd tks ,d ifo= vkSj /kehZ ijes’oj dks mlls izse j[kus ds fy;s izsfjr dj lds( cfYd] euq"; dh n’kk ,slh gS ftls dsoy nks"kh vkSj naM;ksX; Bgjk;k tk ldsA rc] fdlus] ijes’oj dks vius ,dek= iq= dks ikih euq"; ds m)kj ds fy;s Hkstus ds fy;s izsfjr fd;k\ /keZ’kkL= ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj us viuh Lo;a dh efgek dh iz’kalk vkSj euq"; ds izfr ml egku izse ds dkj.k gesa cpk;kA


8

ijes'oj dh efgek ds fy;s

/keZ’kkL= f’k{kk nsrs gSa fd txr dh jpuk] euq"; dk iru] btjk;y ns’k] elhg dk dzwl] dyhfl;k vkSj leLr ns’kksa dk U;k;] bu lcesa ,d cM+k vkSj vafre mn~ns’; fufgr gS & vFkkZr ijes’oj dh efgekA bldk vFkZ gS fd ijes’oj lc dqN tks djrk gS] mlds ihNs ;g mn~ns’; gS fd mldh laiw.kZrk] mlds }kjk cuk;h gqbZ jpuk ds lkeus izdV gks lds rkfd mls efgek feyss] mldh vkjk/kuk gks vkSj ijes’oj ds :i es mldk vkuUn fy;k tk,A

;g vDlj iwNk tkrk gS] xaHkhj elhgh tuksa ds }kjk Hkh] fd ijes’oj ds fy;s viuh efgek ds fy;s dk;Z djuk mfpr gS ;k ugha\ bl iz’u dk mRrj nsus ds fy;s] gesa dsoy ;g tkuus dh vko’;drk gS fd ijes’oj dkSu gS\ /keZ’kkL= ds vuqlkj] og viuh leLr l`f"V ds tksM+ dh rqyuk esa vuar :i ls egku gSA vr% ;g u dsoy lgh gS ijarq vko’;d Hkh gS fd og loksZPp LFkku /kkj.k djs vkSj lc dk;ksZ ds djus esa Lo;a dh efgek cM+k dkj.k ;k izeq[k mn~ns’; cusA ;g mlds fy;s lgh gS fd og eq[; LFkku /kkj.k djs vkSj lkjs dk;ksZ dks mldh efgek] mlds ¼vfLrRo dh laiw.kZrk ds fy;s½ fdz;kfUor djs] rkfd lc yksxksa dks Kkr gks] fd bldk lkj ;g gS fd mls efgek feys vFkkZr lc ckrksa esa c<+dj mls efgek feys ¼vFkkZr vknj vkSj vkjk/kuk gks½A ,slh loksZPp efgek ls Lo;a dks oafpr j[kuk mlds ijes’oj gksus ls badkj djuk dgyk;sxkA ijes’oj ds vfrfjDr] vxj dksbZ nwljk ,slh loksZPp efgek dks pkgs] rks og ewfrZiwtk dk lcls cqjk :i gksxkA

;g le>uk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gS fd ijes’oj viuh l`f"V dh lcls mRre HkykbZ ls vyx gVdj viuh efgek ugha pkgrkA okLro esa] og mRre HkykbZ tks ijes’oj viuh l`f"V ds fy;s dj ldrk gS vkSj og cM+h n;k tks og mu ij izdV dj ldrk gS] og ;gh gS fd os mldh efgek djsa & lkjh ckrksa dks vkSj leLr dk;ksZ dks ijes’oj bl rjg djrk gS rkfd mldh efgek yksxksa ds lkeus izxV gksA vxj ijes’oj vuar :i ls ewY;oku] oSHko’kkyh vkSj ’kksHkk;eku gS] rks ;g LokHkkfod gS fd lokZf/kd ewY;oku] lcls vf/kd oSHkoiw.kZ vkSj lcls lqanj migkj og viuh jpuk dks ;gh ns ldrk gS fd og mUgsa Lo;a dk iw.kZ izdk’ku nsA

1- jksfe;ksa 11%36 ds vuqlkj lc oLrqvksa dk ^îzeq[k mn~ns’;** D;k gS\

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euq"; dks cpkus ds fy;s ijes’oj dk vfHkizk;

9

2- fuEu inks ds vuqlkj] vius yksxksa dks cpkus ds ihNs ijes’oj dks dkSu izsfjr djrk gS\ D;k yksxksa dh ;ksX;rk ;k mldh efgek\

mldh izsj.kk dks rnuqlkj in ls tksfM+;sA

Hktu 79%9______ v- mldh eghek ds fufeRr

Hktu 106%8______ c- vius uke ds fufeRr

;’kk;kg 48%9______ d- vius ifo= uke ds fufeRr

;’kk;kg 63%12______ M- lnk dky ds fy, viuk uke dekus

;gstdsy 36%22&23______ b- viuh lkeF;Z dks fn[kkus

3- f;eZ;kg 33%8&9 esa bruk laqnj vkSj egRoiw.kZ ,d in feyrk gS fd og mij crk;s inksa esa ls Hkh lcls vyx fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

bl opu ds vuqlkj] D;ksa ijes’oj euq"; dks cpkus ds fy;s vkxs vkrk gS\ D;k ;g yksxksa dh ;ksX;rk ds dkj.k gS ;k mldh

efgek ds fy,\

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4- fuEukafdr inksa ds vuqlkj nksuksa iqjkus vkSj u;s fu;eksa ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj }kjk ;gwnh vkSj vU;tkfr;ksa ds m)kj ds dk;Z ds

ihNs dkSulh cM+h izsj.kk Fkh\

v- 2 ’keq,y 7%23 esa ijes’oj us blzk,y dks e______________ vkSj Lo;a ds uk______________ fy;s cpk;kA

c- izsfjrksa ds dke 15%14 esa ijes’oj us vU;tkfr;ksa dks Lo;a ds uk______________ ds fy;s cpk;k ¼vFkkZr mldh izfr"Bk] lEeku vkSj efgek ds fy;s½A

5- ijes’oj }kjk m)kj nsus ds ihNs tks mnns’; gS] mlls lacaf/kr] /keZ’kkL= esa feyus okyh leLr cMh ?kks"k.kkvksa esa ls ,d

bfQfl;ksa 1%3&14 esa feyrh gSA bl opu ds vuqlkj] D;ksa ijes’oj gesa cpkus ds fy;s vkxs vk;s\ gekjs m)kj dk izeq[k ;k

cM+k mn~ns’; D;k gS\


10

v- ijes’oj us gesa mlds Kk______________ o mldh b______________ ds vfHkizk; ls cpk;k ¼in 5½A ;g ’kCnka’k ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ;wMksfd;k] ftls ^^Hkyk vkuan** ;k ^^Hkyh bPNk** Hkh vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ls fudyk gS A

c- ijes’oj us gesa mldh iz ______________ o e______________ vuqxzg ds dkj.k cpk;k ¼in 6½A gekjk m/nkj izeq[k y{; ugha gS] cfYd izeq[k y{; dk lk/ku gS] vFkkZr ijes’oj dh iz’kalk mlds ml vuqxzg ds fy;s gks tks mlus mlds yksxksa ij izxV fd;k gSA

d- ijes’oj us gesa mldh iz ______________ o mlds e______________ dkj.k cpk;k ¼in 12] 14½A bl ’kCnka’k dk nksgjko bl ckr ij tksj nsus ds fy;s gS fd varr% gekjs m)kj dk mn~ns’; ijes’oj dh iz’kalk djuk gSA

vius yksxksa ds çfr çse ds fy,

opu esa ijes'oj ds xq.kksa ds ckjs esa lcls egRoiw.kZ ?kks"k.kkvksa esa ls ,d ;g gS% ^îjes'oj çse gS ¼1 ;wgUuk 4%8½A v;ksX; ikfi;ksa ds izfr vius çse ds }kjk ijes'oj dks lcls vf/kd efgek feyrh gSA vius yksxksa ds çfr ijes'oj dk fcuk fdlh 'krZ ds fd, muds çse ds dkj.k vuardky ds fy, mudh vkjk/kuk dh tkrh jgsxhA ;g fdruk vkuUn vkSj lkUrouk nsus okyh ckr gS fd tks ijes'oj vius uke ds dkj.k vius yksxksa dk m)kj djrs gSa] os ogh ijes'oj gSa tks vius çse ds dkj.k mUgsa cpkrs gSa] ,slk çse tks gekjh le> vkSj Hkk"kk nksuksa gh ls ijs gSA

;g vko';d gS fd ge bl ckr dks le>sa fd ikfi;ksa ds m)kj ds fy, iq= dk vkuk iwjh rjg ls ijes'oj firk dh bPNk ds vuq:i FkkA firk ds fo"k; esa gekjh ;g lksp ugha gksuh pkfg, fd os Øks/kh ijes'oj gSa tks ikfi;ksa dh e`R;q dh bPNk j[krs gksaA uk gh gesa ,slk le>uk pkfg, fd iq= us gesa firk ls cpkus ds fy, m)kj dk dk;Z muls Lora= gksdj fd;k gksA ckbcy ds vuqlkj og firk gh Fks ftUgksaus txr ls ,slk çse j[kk fd mUgksaus viuk ,dykSrk iq= ns fn;k] txr ij naM dh vkKk nsus ds fy, ugha] ijUrq blfy;s fd txr mlds }kjk m)kj ik, ¼;wgUuk 3%16&17½A iq= }kjk fd;k x;k m)kj dk dk;Z] firk }kjk gh fd;k x;k m)kj dk dk;Z gSA ikfi;ksa ds izfr iq= dk çse firk ds fl) ml çse dk izfrfcac gS tks og muls djrk gSA

1- 1 ;wgUuk 4%9&10 ds vuqlkj] ijes'oj tks çse ikih yksxksa ds çfr j[krk gS mldh lcls cM+h vfHkO;fä D;k gS\ ;s in dSls

lkfcr djrs gS fd og euq"; dh ;ksX;rk uk gksds] ijes'oj dk çse gh Fkk ftlus mUgsa vius iq= dks Hkstus ds fy, izsfjr fd;k\

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euq"; dks cpkus ds fy;s ijes’oj dk vfHkizk;

11

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2- ;wgUuk 3%16&17 esa ckbcy ds lHkh inksa esa ls lcls çfl) vkSj lcls fç; in esa ls ,d feyrk gSA bl in ds vuqlkj] iki

djus okys euq";ksa ds m)kj ds fy, vius iq= dks Hkstus dk ijes'oj dk D;k mís'; Fkk\ viuk mÙkj Li"V djsaA

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fVIif.k;ka% ,d ’kkfCnd vuqokn% ^^D;ksafd ijes'oj us txr ls bl rjg çse fd;k% fd mlus vius ,dykSrs iq= dks ns fn;k] rkfd og izR;sd tks mlesa fo’oklh gS] uk'k u gks] ijUrq vuUr thou ik,A^^

3- O;oLFkkfooj.k 7%6&8 ds vuqlkj] blzk,y ds jk"Vª dks NqM+k dj fudky ykus dh ;gksok dh okLrfod çsj.kk D;k Fkh\ ;g lR;

ge ij dSls ykxw gks ldrk gS\

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4- fuEufyf[kr inksa ds vk/kkj ij] Li"V dhft, fd ;g ;gksok dk gh çse Fkk] u fd euq"; dh ;ksX;rk] ftlus gesa NqM+kus ds fy,

mUgsa izsfjr fd;kA

v- jksfe;ks 5%6&10

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12

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fVIif.k;k¡% ân; ifjorZu ls igys] euq"; dk o.kZu fucZy ¼in- 6½] HkfDrghu ¼in- 6½] ikih ¼in- 8½ vkSj ijes'oj ds ’k=q ¼in- 10½ ds :i esa dh x;h gSA

c- bfQ- 2%1&5

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fVIif.k;k¡% ân; ifjorZu ls igys] euq"; dk o.kZu ikiksa ds dkj.k ejs gq, ¼in-1] 5½] lalkj vkSj ’kSrku ds vuqlkj pyusokys ¼in- 2½] vkKk u ekuus okyksa ds iq= ¼in- 2½] vkSj vius 'kjhj dh ykylkvksa esa fnu fcrkrs okys Øks/k dh lUrku ¼in- 3½ ds :i esa dh x;h gSA

d- rhrql 3%4&5

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13


v/;k; 3% m)kj djus ds fy, iq= ds vkus dk mís';

bl v/;k; esa] ge mu ckarksa ij fopkj djsaxs ftUgksaus iq= dks viuh efgek dks NksM+dj] 'kjhj /kkj.k djus vkSj euq"; ds m)kj ds fy, viuk thou nsus dks izsfjr fd;kA ge ;g tkusaxs fd elhg us ,slk blfy, ugha fd;k fd euq"; esa dksbZ ;ksX;rk Fkh] oju vius firk dh efgek ds fy,] ml egku çse ds fy, tks mlus gels fd;k vkSj ml vkuUn ds fy, fd;k tks mlds lkeus j[kk FkkA

vius firk dh efgek ds fy,

elhg ds thou ij dsoy ,d ljljh tk¡p djus ls gh] ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fd mudh lcls cM+h /kwu firk dh bPNk dks iwjk djds mUgsa efgek nsuh dh FkhA elhg ds O;fäRo ds mu igyqvksa esa ls] tks gekjh le> ls cgkj gSa] lcls cM+k ;g gS fd mUgksaus ijes'oj ds Lo:i esa gksdj Hkh ijes'oj ds rqY; gksus dks vius o'k esa j[kus dh oLrq u le>k] oju vius vki dks LosPNk ls vkSj vkuUniwoZd fnO; vf/kdkjksa ls ,slk 'kwU; dj fn;k] vkSj nkl dk Lo:i /kkj.k dj fy;k] vkSj euq"; dh lekurk esa gks x,A og firk ds çfr] Øwl ij e`R;q lg ysus rd vkKkdkjh cus jgs ¼fQfyfIi;ksa 2%5&8( bczkfu;ksa 10%9½A ;|fi vU; ,sls mís'; Hkh Fks ftUgksaus elhg dks mu yksxksa ds fy, tks ijes'oj dh efgek ls fxj pqds Fks] vius thou dk cfynku djus ds fy, izsfjr fd;k] fQj Hkh mudh firk dks efgekoar djus dh vfHkyk"kk] ftlls os iwjh rjg Hkjs Fks] lcls çFke vkSj cM+k dkj.k FkkA bl vFkZ esa] lgh :i ls ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd elhg ijes'oj ds fy, ejkA

1- bczkfu;ksa 10%7 esa] Hktu 40%7&8 ls m)`r ,d elhgk lacaf/kr Hkfo";ok.kh dk o.kZu gSA bu nksuksa opuksa ds vuqlkj] ijes'oj ds

iq= dk txr esa vkus dk lcls egku mís'; D;k Fkk\ mudh egku /kqu vkSj çkFkfedrk D;k Fkha\

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14

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2- bu opuksa esa ls çR;sd ls gesa bu ckrksa ds ckjs esa D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS ¼1½ firk dh bPNk ds çfr iq= dh vfHko`fRr] ¼2½ firk

dh efgek djus dh mudh /kqu] vkSj ¼3½ firk ds çfr vius çse dks çdV djus dk mudk –<+ ladYi\ Li"V djsa fd ;g dguk

D;ksa mfpr gS fd elhg us lcls igys vkSj lcls egRoiw.kZ :i ls ijes'oj ds fy, vius lHkh dk;ksaZ dks] ;gka rd fd mudh

e`R;q ds dk;Z rd dks iwjk fd;kA

v- firk dh bPNk ds çfr elhg dh vkKkdfjrk ¼;wgUuk 4%34½

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c- firk dh efgek djus dh elhg dh vfHkyk"kk ¼;wgUuk 17%4½

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d- firk ds fy, vius çse dks çdV djus dk elhg dk –<+ ladYi ¼;wgUuk 14%31½

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m)kj djus ds fy, iq= ds vkus dk mís';

15

3- jksfe;ksa 15%8&9 esa] elhg ds vkus vkSj ;gwfn;ksa vkSj vU;tkfr;ksa] nksuksa esa gh muds m)kj ds dk;Z ds nks mns';ksa dk o.kZu gSA

os mís'; dkSu ls gSa] vkSj os dSls ;g n'kkZrs gSa fd elhg dk vkuk lcls çFke vkSj lcls egRoiw.kZ :i ls ijes'oj dh efgek

ds fy, Fkk\

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fVIif.k;k¡% elhg ijes’oj dh mu lHkh izfrKkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, vk,] tks mUgksus ;gwfn;ksa ls dh Fkh] ftlls os ijes'oj dh fo'okl;ksfxrk ds fy, mudh efgek dj ldsaA elhg vU;tkfr;ksa ds fy, Hkh vk,] ftlls os ijes'oj dh d#.kk ds fy, mudh efgek dj ldsaA

gekjs çfr vius egku çse ds fy,

ckbcy fl[kkrh gS fd og firk ijes'oj gh Fks ftUgksaus vius iq= dks Hkstk] ftlls iq= ds }kjk txr dk m)kj gks lds ¼;wgUuk 3%16&17½A gkykafd] ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd bl ckr dks Hkh le>k tk, fd bl m)kj ds dk;Z dks djus ds fy, iq= dks ck/; ugha fd;k x;k Fkk] vkSj uk gh mUgksaus ;g dk;Z vfuPNk ls fd;kA oju] mUgksaus vius vki dks iwjh rjg ls vkSj LosPNk ls ns fn;k] rkfd] Hkz"V] foæksgh ekuork&tks muds çse dh fo"k; oLrq gS & mudh {kek vkSj vuUr thou ds ckjs esa tku ldsA ;g çdk'ku ,d cM+k çksRlkgu vkSj rlYyh nsrk gS fd iq= ftlus m)kj ds brus cM+s dk;Z dks u dsoy ijes'oj dh efgek ds fy,] oju ml egku çse ds fy, Hkh iwjk fd;k tks og vius yksxksa ls fd;kA tks elhg ijes'oj ds fy, ejk] og gekjs fy, Hkh ejkA

1- ;wgUuk 15%9 esa ckbcy esa nh xbZ lcls vk'p;Ztud ?kks"k.kkvksa esa ls ,d ik;h tkrh gSA ;g elhg ds m)kj ds dk;Z ds ç;kstu

ds ckjs esa gesa D;k n'kkZrh gS\

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16

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2- ckbcy ds vuqlkj] ;g çse gh Fkk ftlds dkj.k elhg us vius yksxksa ds fy, Lo;a dks cfynku dj fn;kA xykfr;ksa 2%20 vkSj

bfQfl;ksa 5%2 bl lR; dh iqf"V dSls djrs gSa\

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3- elhg ds çse dh lhek ;g gS fd mlus gekjs fy, vius vki dks ns fn;k FkkA çse dh bl ls cM+h dksbZ vfHkO;fä ;k rLohj

ugha gks ldrh gSA ckbcy ds ;s in gesa bl lR; ds ckjs esa D;k f'k{kk nsrs gSa\ ;g bl ckr dks iqu% dSls çekf.kr djrk gS

fd iq= ds vkus dk mís'; yksxksa ds xq.kksa ;k ;ksX;rk ij ugha] cfYd muds izfr mlds çse ij vk/kkfjr Fkk\

v- ;wgUuk 15%13&14

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c- 1 ;wgUuk 3%16

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17

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ml vkuUn ds fy, tks mlds lkeus j[kk Fkk

iq= us vius firk dh efgek ds fy, viuh tku nh] vkSj bl çdkj og ijes'oj ds fy, ej x;kA iq= us ml egku çse ds dkj.k ls viuk thou cfynku fd;k tks oks gels djrs Fks] vkSj bl izdkj mUgksaus vius yksxksa ds fy, viuk izk.k fn;kA gekjs v/;;u ds fu"d"kZ ds fy,] ge ml vafre mís'; ij fopkj djsaxs tks iq= ds Øwl ij p<+us dk dkj.k cuk & mlus vius lkeus mifLFkr vkuUn ds fy, tku nhA

dqN yksxksa ds fy,] ;g dguk fd iq= us vkus okys le; esa Hkkoh vkuUn ikus dh vk'kk ls ,slk fd;k] iq= dks LokFkZijk;.k :i esa is'k djuk gksxkA rks fdl çdkj os ,d gh le; ,d gh lkFk ijes'oj dh efgek djus dh] vius yksxksa ds m)kj dh] vkSj vius gh vkuUn dh [kkst dj ldrs gSa\ bl fojks/kkHkkl dk ljy mÙkj fn;k x;k gSA lcls igys] gesa ;g le>uk gksxk fd ijes'oj ds iq= us vius firk dh bPNk vkSj efgek dks izdV djus dks vius fy, lokZf/kd vkuUn dh ckr le>hA blfy, elhg ds fy, iq= dk vkuUn] firk dh efgek] vkSj mlds yksxksa dk m)kj] bu lHkh ckrksa dk leku egRo FkkA mudh fu"Bk ;k vfHkyk"kk esa dksbZ çfrLi/kkZ ugha FkhA blds vykok] gesa ;g le>uk pkfg, fd ijes'oj dk iq= vius gh vkuUn dh [kkst djus esa /kehZ gSA lkjh oLrq,a mlh ds }kjk vkSj mlh ds fy, l`th xbZa gSa ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 1%16½A firk us lHkh oLrq,a iq= ds gkFk esa nha gSa ¼;wgUuk 3%35½] vkSj mudh bPNk gS fd lc yksx tSls firk dk vknj djrs gSa oSls gh iq= dk Hkh vknj djsa ¼;wgUuk 5%23½A firk dh Hkyh vfHkyk"kk blh esa gS fd iq= dk vkuUn iwjk gksA lEiw.kZ l`f"V dk] lHkh {ks=ksa es ,dek= egku mís'; ;gh gS% fd ;g lc ijes'oj ds iq= dks efgek vkSj vkuUn nsa!

1- bczkfu;ksa 12%2 ds vuqlkj] ijes'oj dk iq= LoxZ dh efgek R;kx dj ekuo :i /kkj.k dj vkSj Øwl dh yTtk vkSj nq%[k dks

lgus ds fy, D;ksa rRij Fkk\

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18

2- bczkfu;ksa 12%2 Li"V :i ls fl[kkrk gS fd ftl us elhg dks dyojh ds Øwl tkus dh çsj.kk nh] og vkuUn Fkk tks muds

lkeus j[kk FkkA gkykafd] gesa Lo;a vius vki ls iwNuk pkfg, fd ml vkuUn esa D;k lfEefyr gS\ bu inksa ls gesa D;k f'k{kk

feyrh gS\

v- vius firk dh mifLFkfr esa ykSVus dk vkuUn ¼Hktu 16%9&11½

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fVIif.k;k¡% çsfjr irjl us bl i|ka'k dks elhg ds iqu#RFkku vkSj LoxkZjksg.k ds lanHkZ esa muds fiUrsdqLr ds fnu fn, lUns'k esa m)`r fd;k gS ¼çsfjrksa ds dke 2%25&28½] vkSj vUrkfd;k ds vkjk/kuky; esa çsfjr ikSyql bl lanHkZ esa mins'k nsrk gS ¼çsfjrksa ds dke 13%35½A ijes'oj ds iq= ds fy, LoxZ esa vius firk ds fuokl LFkku dks NksM+uk ,d dM+h ijh{kk Fkh] ijUrq vius yksxksa ds ikiksa dks mBkdj muds LFkku ij n.M Hkksxuk blls Hkh cM+dj dM+h ijh{kk FkhA mUgksaus ,sls vo.kZuh; nq%[kksa dks lgu fd;k] ;gk¡ rd fd mUgsa rqPN ekuk] D;ksafd mUgksaus vkus okys le; esa Hkkoh vk'kk dh vksj ns[kk fd os ,d ckj fQj vius firk ds lkFk jgsaxs vkSj mudh mifLFkfr esa vkufUnr gksaxsA

c- vius firk dh eghek es ,d gksus dk vkuUn ¼;wgUuk 17%4&5] 24½

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fVIif.k;ka% og vkuUn ftl us elhg dks vius yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy, vfiZr djus ds fy, çsfjr fd;k mldk ,d Hkkx ;g Hkh Fkk] fd Hkfo"; esa mUgsa ml LFkku ij efgekoUr fd;k tk,xk ;k Åapk mBk;k tk,xk] tks txr dh mRifr ls igys ls gh lgh ek;uksa esa mUgha dk FkkA og izHkw vkSj m)kjdrkZ ds :i esa ykSV vk,xk & og loksZPp t;oar ftlus vius yksxksa dk NqVdkjk çkIr djus ds fy, çR;sd ck/kk dks thr fy;kA


19

d- vius fy, NqM+k, gq, yksxksa dks ikus dk vkuUnA txr dh mRifr ls igys] ijes'oj us ikih ekuork dh HkhM+ es ls ,d tkfr dks cpkus dh ;kstuk dh] rkfd os iq= dh efgek] lEeku vkSj Lrqfr djus ds fy, th,aA firk dh bPNk ds vuqlkj vkSj ml vkuUn dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, tks mlds lkeus j[kk Fkk & vFkkZr mu yksxksa dks NqM+kus dk vkuUn tks mlds vius yksx Fks & iq= us LosPNk ls] ;gka rd fd vkuUn ls] viuh nqYgu ds fy, vkSj ml vkuUn ds fy, lc dqN lgk tks og ¼vFkkZr dfyfl;k½ var es mls ¼elhg½ dks nsxhA vius nsg/kkj.k vkSj e`R;q ds }kjk] mUgksaus tkfr&tkfr ls] gj Hkk"kk ls] gj yksxksa vkSj gj jk"Vª ls Lo;a ds fy, ,d cM+h eaMyh lqjf{kr dj yh gSA mUgksaus bu lHkh dks vuardky ds fy, fujarj jgus okys vkuUn] larks"k vkSj efgek dk lzksr cuk fn;kA bl lPpkbZ ds fo"k; esa ;s in D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

1- Hktu- 2%8

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2- ;’kk;kg 53%11

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3- yqdk 15%10

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20

4- bczkfu;ksa 2%11&13

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5- izdkf’krokD; 5%9&10( 7%9&10( 22%3&5

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21


v/;k; 4% ijes’oj dk iq= viuh efgek esa

ijes’oj ds iq= ds vkxeu dh egkurk dks le>us ds fy;s] gesa loZizFke mlds bZ’ojh; LoHkko vkSj mldh ’kk’or efgek ij fopkj djuk vko’;d gSA bl v/;k; esa ge lh[ksaxsa fd ijes’oj ds iq= dk vfLrRo cSFkysge esa muds tUe ysus ds le; ls ugha vkjaHk ugha gqvk Fkk( cfYd] og rks vuardky ls O;kIr gS vkSj ijes’oj firk ds LoHkko o efgek esa leku Lo:i j[krk gSA og ek= ,d euq"; vFkok ,d iz/kku LoxZnwr gh ugha Fkk ftlus gekjs NqVdkjs ds fy;s viuk thou fn;k( iajrq og ijes’oj dk ’kk’or iq= Fkk & leLr txr dk l`f"VdrkZ vkSj lkoZHkkSfed izHkqA dsoy ml Lrj rd] ftlesa iq= ds fo"k; esa gekjk mfpr n`f"Vdks.k gks] ge lqlekpkj vkSj mldh iz’kalk ds izfr ml Lrj rd gh mPp n`f"Vdks.k j[k ldrs gSaA ^

iq= dk bZ'ojRo

/keZ’kkL= lk{kh nsrs gSa fd ,d lPpk ijes’oj f=,dRo ds :i esa mifLFkr gS ¼f=,dRo ’kCn ySfVu Hkk"kk ds fVªfuVl ’kCn ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^f=Lrjh;** vFkok ,d esa ^^rhu fufgr**½% firk] iq= vkSj ifo= vkRekA ;s rhu vyx vyx O;fDrRo gSa] tks ,d nwljs ls fHkUu gSa( rkSHkh os leku bZ’ojh; LoHkko vFkok rRo j[krk gSa ,oa ,d nwljs ls ’kk’or vkSj vVwV lgHkkfxrk }kjk laca) gaSA iq= tks euq"; cuk vkSj dSyojh dzwl ij ejk] ’kk’or ijes’oj gS% lc izdkj ls firk vkSj vkRek ds cjkcj gS vkSj cqf) ls ijs mudh efgek esa lgHkkxh gSA

;g iw.kZr% vko’;d gS fd ge gekjs le{k izLrqr f’k{kk ds egRo dks le> ldsaA elhgh fo’okl ds varZxr] ijes’oj ds iq= dk bZ’ojRo ,d ewy fl)kar gSA dksbZ Hkh n`f"Vdks.k tks mls firk ls de vkadrk gS vFkok ^^de efgekoku bZ’oj** le>rk gS] og elhgh gks gh ugha ldrkA iq= ,d l`tu ugha gS] og ,d nsonwr ugha gS vkSj og ijes’oj o l`f"V ds chp fdlh xkS.k bZ’oj ds Lrj ij Hkh ugha gSA og mPpre vFkZ esa ijes’oj gSA gekjs m/nkj dh fu’p;rk vkSj gekjs lqlekpkj dh fu"Bk bl lPpkbZ dks gekjs }kjk J)kiwoZd laiw.kZ ân; ls Lohdkjus ij fuHkZj djrh gSA


22

1- ;wgUuk 1%1&4 esa ijes’oj ds iq= ds bZ’ojRo vkSj vuarrk ds laca/k esa lokZf/kd Li"V ?kks"k.kkvksa esa ls ,d ?kks"k.kk feyrh gSA bl

in esa izxV fd;s x;s lR;ksa dks igpkfu;sA

v- vk______________esa o______________ Fkk ¼in 1½A ijes’oj ds iq= ds laca/k esa ;g Li"V ?kks"k.kk gS ¼in 14½A ^ôpu** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds yksxksl ’kCn dk vuqokn gS] ftldk vFkZ gS ^ôpu** ;k ^^rdZA** ;gwnh vDlj bl in dks ijes’oj ds lanHkZ esa iz;qDr djrs FksA ;wukfu;ksa ds fy;s] ;g l`f"V dks fu;af=r djus okys bZ’ojh; rdZ ;k rkfdZd fl/nkar dks izdV djrk FkkA tc iq= ij ;g fl)kar ykxw fd;k x;k] rks blus ;g O;Dr fd;k fd og ijes’oj gS ¼iw.kZ:is.k vkSj lPpk ijes’oj½ vkSj ,slk fcpobZ gS ftlds ek/;e ls ijes’oj us Lo;a dks viuh l`f"V ij izxV fd;kA l`f"V ds igys ^^vkfn es** iq= ijes’oj ds lkFk Fkk tks vl`ftr] ’kk’or vkSj bZ’ojh; gSA

c- vkSj opu ijes’oj ds lk______________ Fkk ¼in 1½A vuardky ls firk vkSj iq= ds e/; fo|eku fHkUurk ds mijkar Hkh] ;g la;qDrrk dk ,d lanHkZ gS A izFke LFkku ij] ;g ,drk vkSj lekurk dks iznf’kZr djrk gS & firk vkSj iq= iw.kZ lgHkkfxrk esa fo|eku jgsA ;g okD;ka’k bl rjg Hkh vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ^ôpu ijes’oj ds lEeq[k Fkk]** bl rjg firk] iq= vkSj ifo= vkRek ds e/; ;g xgjs feyki] lgHkkfxrk vkSj vkuan dks izxV djrk gSA nwljs LFkku ij] ;g fHkUurk izxV djrk gS & firk vkSj iq= esa leku bZ’ojh; xq.k O;kIr gSa] ijarq os nksuksa okLrfod vkSj fHkUu O;fDr gSa tks ifo= vkRek ds lkFk fl/n lgHkkfxrk esa ik;s tkrs gSaA

d- vkSj o______________ ij______________ Fkk ¼in 1½A ;g opu ds bZ’ojRo dh fufoZokn ?kks"k.kk FkhA ewy ;wukuh esa] ;g okD;ka’k oLrqr% bl rjg ls gS] ^^vkSj ijes’oj opu Fkk** ¼dkb fFk;ksl ,u gks yksxkssl½A dRkkZdkjd fo’ks"k.k ¼ijes’oj½] drkZ ¼opu½ ds igys vkrk gS rkfd bl rF; ij cy ns lds fd opu lR; vkSj okLrfod :i esa ijes’oj FkkA ijes’oj dk iq= ijes’oj gS tks iq= gSA bZ’ojRo dh iw.kZrk mlesa fuokl djrh gS ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 2%9½A

M- lc dqN mlds }k______________ mRiUu gqvk gS] mlesa ls dqN Hkh mlds fcuk mRiUu u gqvk ¼in 1½A ldkjkRed :i esa] lc oLrq,a iq= }kjk l`ftr gS ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 1%16½ A og firk ,oa vkRek ds lax l`f"V dk lg&drkZ FkkA udkjkRed :i esa] ,slh dksbZ Hkh ckr ;k oLrq vfLrRo es ugha gS tks mlds }kjk l`th ugha x;hA iq= izkjaHk esa u dsoy ijes’oj ds lkFk Fkk] ijarq og ijes’oj ds :i esa ijes’oj ds dk;Z dj jgk FkkA

b- ml______________thou Fkk vkSj og th______________ euq";ksa dh T;ksfr Fkk ¼in 4½A Hktu 36%9 ?kksf"kr djrk gS] ^^D;ksafd thou dk lksrk rks rsjs gh ikl gS( rsjs gh izdk’k ls gesa izdk’k feyrk gSA** ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd ftl ckr dk Js; HktudrkZ ijes’oj dks nsrk gS] mlh dk Js; izsfjr ;wgUuk iq= dks nsrk gSA izR;sd oLrq tks lnSo vfLrRo esa jgh o pyk;eku Fkh] ,slk ijes’oj ds iq= ds vuqxzg }kjk gh laHko gqvkA ijes’oj dk fdlh Hkh izdkj dk lPpk Kku] iq= ds vuqxzg dh nsu Lo:i gh] euq"; dks izkIr gqvk gSA ;g le> ls ijs ,d vpaHkk gS fd leLr thou ds lksrs us futhZoksa ds fy;s vius izk.k cfynku fd;sA


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2- fQfyfIi;ksa 2%6 esa] ge elhg ds bZ’ojRo vkSj vuarrk dk ,d vkSj izek.k ns[krs gSaA bl in esa izdkf’kr lPpkbZ dks igpkfu;sA

v- ftlus ijes’oj ds Lo______________ esa gks______________ HkhA iq= mlds vorkj ysus ds ckn ls vfLrRo esa ugha vk;k( og rks vuar gS] fcuk fdlh vkjaHk vkSj var dsA^^Lo:i** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn eksQZ ls fudyk gS] tks u dsoy fdlh O;fDr ds ckº; ;k mijh fn[kkos dks izdV djrk gS ijarq mlds rkfRod pfj= ;k mlds Hkhrj dh lPpkbZ dks Hkh crykrk gSA iq= u dsoy ijes’oj ds Lo:i esa fn[kkbZ nsrk Fkk( cfYd] og rRo :i es ijes’oj FkkA

c- ijes’oj ds l______________ gksus dks vius vf/kdkj esa j[kus dh oLrq u le>kA ^^lekurk** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn vk;lksl ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS] ^êk=k ;k mRrerk esa leku gksukA** iq= esa bZ’ojRo ¼mRrerk½ dh] laiw.kZ ¼ek=k½ fuokl djrh Fkh ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 2%9½A bZ’ojRo ds lanHkZ esa mlds Hkhrj dksbZ deh ugha Fkh] ijarq og bl in ds laiw.kZ vFkZ esa gj izdkj ls leku FkkA

iq= dh efgek

ijes’oj ds iq= ds vuar vfLrRo vkSj bZ’ojRo dh iqf"V djrs gq,] ge vc Lo;a dks ml efgek ls lac) djsaxs tks mlds vorkj ysus ls iwoZ ik;h tkrh Fkh] txr dh uhao Myus ds iwoZ vkSj ;gka rd fd laiw.kZ vuarrk ds iwoZ ikbZ tkrh FkhA ;/kfi /keZ’kkL= gesa dsoy chrs le; dh vuarrk dh >yd nsrs gSa] rkSHkh ;g fl) djuk i;kZIr gS fd iq= opu ds loksZPp vkSj lokZf/kd mPpre :i esa ^îjes’oj** Fkk vkSj mlus ijes’oj ds :i esa ijes’oj dh efgek dk ogu fd;kA og ijes’oj ds lax Fkk vkSj firk dh efgek esa laHkkxh gqvk ¼;wgUuk 17%5½A og vius firk ds ije vkSj vlhe vkuan esa lax Fkk vkSj firk ds fy;s ;g cM+k vkuan Fkk fd og l`f"V dk fufeRr vkSj dsanz cus & mlds vkuan dk L=ksr] mlds }kjk dh tkus okyh vkjk/kuk dk vfHkizk; cus vkSj l`f"V ds vfLrRo dk egku mnns’; vFkok fljk BgjsA

l`f"V ds izkjaHk ls] LoxZ esa fo|eku izR;sd mRre oLrq dh dsoy ,d gh egku bPNk Fkh & ijes’oj ds vlk/kkj.k iq= ds eq[k ij ijes’oj dh efgek dks fugkjs! tc ge bl izdkj ds lR; dk dqN va’k le> ysaxs rHkh ge lqlekpkj ds izfr mfpr n`f"Vdks.k vkSj iz’kalk dk Hkko j[k ik;saxsA og dksbZ euq"; ek= ugha Fkk ;k nsg esa lhfer LoxZnwr ugha Fkk] ftlus ml fnu gekjs fy;s vius izk.k fn;sA og rks efgek dk ijes’oj Fkk] fo’o dk izHkq] laiw.kZ efgek dk vfHkizk; vkSj og ,d ije lRrk Fkk ftlds }kjk leLr oLrq,a l`th x;ha vkSj ftlds fy;s lc dqN vfLrRo esa gS!

1- dqyqfLl;ksa 1%15&17 esa iq= dh ’kk’or izd`fr vkSj mldh efgek dh ,d l’kDr ?kks"k.kk feyrh gS tks mlds tUe ds iwoZ ls

mlus firk ds lkFk ckaVh FkhA bl in ij vk/kkfjr] fuEufyf[kr ?kks"k.kk,a iqjh djsaA

v- og rks vn`’; ijes’oj dk izfr______________ gS ¼in 15½A ;g ;wukuh ’kCn vk;dwu ls fudyrk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS ^îzfr:i** ;k ^^lekurkA** dsoy ijes’oj gh ijes’oj dh fo’kq) lekurk dks /kkj.k dj ldrk gSA bczkfu;ksa 1%3 ?kksf"kr djrk gS] ^ôg mldh efgek dk izdk’k vkSj mlds rRo dk izfr:i gSA**


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c- iq= leLr l`f"V esa i______________gS ¼in 15½A u rks ;g elhg ds bZ’ojRo ls badkj gS vkSj u gh ;g izek.k gS fd og l`tk x;k gSA Hktu 89%27 esa] ijes’oj nkÅn ds fo"k; esa fu’p;iwoZd ;g dgrk gS% ^êSa mls viuk ifgykSBk vkSj txr ds lc jktkvksa dk iz/kku cukÅaxkA** ;g Li"V gS fd nkÅn ijes’oj dk ^îfgykSBk** bl vFkZ esa Fkk fd og leLr jktkvksa esa lcls Åij izfrf"Br FkkA ijes’oj dk iq= bl vFkZ esa ^îfgykSBk** Fkk fd og leLr l`f"V esa lcls Åij izfrf"Br gS vkSj mlls fHkUu gSA ifgykSBs iq= ds lkjs vf/kdkj vkSj ykHk mlds gSaA

d- c oLrqvksa esa iz______________gS ¼in 17½A iq= dh vuarrk] loksZPprk vkSj mRd"kZrk bl dFku esa izdV dh x;h gSA

M- mlh esa lc oLrqvksa dh l`______________gqbZ gS ¼in 16½A leLr oLrq,a dk vfLrRo iq= ls gS] mlls lh/ks lac) gS vkSj mlls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA

b- ogh lc oLrqvksa esa izFke gS & vkSj lc oLrq,a mlh esa ______________ jgrh gS ¼in 17½A leLr l`f"V iq= ij iw.kZr;k fuHkZj jgrh gSA og ^^viuh lkeFkZ ds opu ds }kjk lc oLrqvksa dks laHkkyrk gS** ¼bczkfu;ksa 1%3½A iq= ikSjkf.kd dFkk ds ,Vyl ds leku ugha gS] tks ,dy lalkj ds cks> rys djkgrk gS( blds foijhr] og rks val[; lalkjks dks ,dek= vius opu dh lqxerk ls laHkkyrk gS!

bZ- iq= lc oLrqvksa dk egku y{; gS & leLr oLrq,a m______________fy;s l`th xbZ gS ¼in 16½A iq= dh vuar efgek bl lR; esa ns[kh x;h fd leLr oLrq,a mlh ds }kjk vkSj mlh dh efgek vkSj Hkys vkuan ds fy;s jph x;hA

2- ijes’oj vkSj mldh efgek ds fo"k; esa] /keZ’kkL= ds lcls ltho vkSj HkO; o.kZuksa esa ls ,d o.kZu] ;’kk;kg 6%1&10 esa feyrk

gS( fQj Hkh] vkxs <aw<us ij ge ikrs gSa fd ;’kk;kg us ijes’oj dk tks n’kZu ns[kk] og iq= dk n’kZu Fkk! ;’kk;kg 6%1&5 dks

iwjk if<+;s tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k; oLrq ls iwjh rjg ifjfpr ugha gks tkrs] vkSj rc fuEufyf[kr iz’uksa ds mRrj fyf[k;sA

v- ;’kk;kg 6%1&3 ds vuqlkj] ;’kk;kg us fdldks ns[kk\ iz ______________ dksA in ,d ds vuqlkj] ^îzHkq** ’kh"kZd bczkuh ’kCn vknksus ls vuqokfnr gS( ijarq rhljs in esa ;g bczkuh ’kCn ;kgos ;k tsgksok ls vuqokfnr fd;k x;k gSA og ,dek= ftls ;’kk;kg ns[krk gS] fuf’pr :i ls ijes’oj gS( fQj Hkh] ;wgUuk 12%39&41 bl lRrk dks f=,dRo ds nwljs O;fDrRo ds :i esa igpkurk gS] vFkkZr ijes’oj dk iq=] bl rjg ;g opu elhg dh ijes’oj ds :i esa iqf"V djrk gSA

c- ;’kk;kg 6%1 ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj ds iq= dk o.kZu dSls fd;k x;k gS\ ;g gesa mldh efgek ds fo"k; esa D;k crkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% iq= dk o.kZu LoxZ vkSj i`Foh dh leLr jpukvksa esa lcls Åij fd;k x;k gSA mlds oL= dk ?ksj eafnj dks Hkj jgk gS] ;g mldh oSf’od] vlhe vkSj vckf/kr lkoZHkkSfedrk dks izdV djrk gSA

d- ;’kk;kg 6%2&3 ds vuqlkj] ljkQhe ¼laHkor l`f"V esa lcls Åaph Js.kh dh jpuk½ dh ijes’oj ds iq= ds izfr D;k izfrfdz;k gS\ ;g gesa mldh efgek vkSj Js"Brk ds fo"k; esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% fo’o ds lokZf/kd lkeFkZoku vkSj HkO; izk.kh ijes’oj ds iq= ds lEeku esa >qdrs gSaA ^îfo=** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn dSnks'k ls fudyk gS vkSj bldk vFkZ gS vyx fd;k gqvkA ;g mldh vksj ladsr nsrk gS tks i`Fkd fd;k x;k gS] vyx fd;k x;k gS] ;k vf}rh; gSA l`f"V ds e/; esa] ijes’oj gh ,dek= ije lRrk gSA mlds ln`’; dksbZ ugha gS] vkSj fdlh ls mldh rqyuk Hkh ugha gks ldrh gS ¼;’kk;kg 40%18½A iq= dh rqyuk lokZf/kd HkO; jpuk ls djuk Hkh cgqr gn rd vlaxr gksxk tSls NksVh lh fpaxkjh ls fnu ds lw;Z dh rqyuk djukA iq= dh ifo=rk dh f=Lrjh; ?kks"k.kk] bczkuh Hkk"kk dh mRre Js.kh dk lcls lcy :i gSA ;g in gesa le>us esa lgk;rk djrk gS fd ;wgUuk 17%5 esa ;h’kqq ds dFku dk D;k rkRi;Z gS% ^^gs firk] vc rw vius lkFk esjh efgek ml efgek ls dj tks txr dh mRifRr ls igys] rsjs lkFk esjh FkhA** D;k ;g vnHkqr ugha gS fd ,slh ,d ije lRrk ge ikfi;ksa ds fy;s izk.k cfynku djs\

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v/;k; 5% iq= us ekuo :i /kkj.k fd;k

Hkkx ,d% iqjkuk fu;e nsg/kkj.k dh xokgh nsrk gS

Ikjes’oj ds iq= dh vuar efgek ij fopkj djrs gq,] vc ge gekjk /;ku mlds nsg/kkj.k ij yxk;saxsA ^^nsg/kkj.k** ’kCn ysfVu Hkk"kk dh fdz;k budkjujs ls fudyk gS ¼bu ¾ bu $ dkjks ¾ nsg½ ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^nsg/kkjh gksuk** ;k ^^nsg /kkj.k djukA** /keZ’kkL= esa] nsg/kkj.k ml egku lPpkbZ dh vksj ladsr djrk gS fd yxHkx nks gtkj o"kZ igys] ijes’oj dk ’kk’or iq=] ifo= vkRek dh lkeFkZ ds }kjk dqaokjh dU;k ds xHkZ esa vk;k vkSj uktjFk ds ;h’kq ds :i esa tUe fy;k & ijes’oj&ekuoA mlesa ijes’ojRo dh leLr ifjiw.kZrk lnsg okl djrh gS ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 2%9½] og lc ckrksa esa gekjs leku Fkk rkSHkh fu"iki fudyk ¼bczkfu;ksa 4%15½ A mlus iqjkus fu;e dh O;oLFkkuqlkj iw.kZ :i ls /kehZ thou O;rhr fd;k vkSj rc Lo;a dks mlds yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy;s cfynku cuk dj vfiZr fd;kA euq"; txr esa ijes’oj ds iq= dk vkxeu] fulansg] ekuo bfrgkl dh lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gS vkSj tks ckbcy vk/kkfjr elhgr dk eq[; dsanz gSA blfy;s ;g vko’;d gS fd ge nsg/kkj.k ds fl)kar ij xaHkhjrk ls fopkj djsaA

iqjkus fu;e dh Hkfo";ok.kh

;|fi] nsg/kkj.k eqf’dy ls nks gtkj o"kksZ iwoZ gqvk Fkk] ijarq ;g le>uk egRoiw.kZ gS fd iqjkus fu;e ds Hkfo";lwpd ys[ku esa ^^leLr ?kVukvksa esa lcls cM+h ?kVuk** dh iwoZ >yd feyrh gSA ;g gekjs fy;s lgk;d vkSj mRlkgo/kZd nksuksa jgsxk fd ge iqjkus fu;e dh dqN Hkfo";okf.k;ksa ij fopkj djsaA ;g rF; fd os uktjFk ds ;h’kq ds tUe ds lSdM+ksa o"kZ iwoZ fy[kh x;ha Fkha] u;s fu;e esa mlds nsg/kkj.k vkSj ijes’ojRo ds fy;s fd;s x;s nkos ij l’kDr cy nsrk gSA

1- ehdk 5%2 esa] gedks ,d lcy Hkfo";ok.kh elhgk ds fy;s feyrh gSA bl in ij fopkj djks tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k;

oLrq ls ifjfpr ugha gks tk;sa] vkSj rc fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mRrj nhft;sA

v- ;g Hkfo";ok.kh dSls izekf.kr djrh gS fd elhgk ,d euq"; gksxk\

iq= us ekuo :i /kkj.k fd;k

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1- og ;______________ ds dq______________ esa ls vk;sxkA

fVIif.k;ka% elhgk ;gwnk ds dqy ,oa nkÅn ds ?kjkus esa ls gksxkA jksfe;ksa 1%3 esa] izsfjr ikSyql iqf"V djrk gS fd ^^;h’kq nsg dh jhfr ls nkÅn dk oa’kt gSA** og iw.kZ bZ’oj vkSj iw.kZ ekuo gksxkA mldh euq";rk nkÅn ds xks= ls izdV gksxhA

c- ;g Hkfo";ok.kh dSls izdV djrh gS fd elhgk euq"; ls c<+dj gksxk & fd og ’kk’or ijes’oj gksxk\

1- mldk fudyuk v______________ ls gSA

fVIif.k;ka% ;g ,d Li"V ladsr gS fd elhgk euq"; ;s c<+dj gksxkA bl dFku ls dsoy ;g vFkZ ugha fudyrk fd mldk vkxeu yacs le; iwoZ ls cryk fn;k x;k Fkk] ijarq og mlds tUe ls igys] ;gka rd fd vukfndky ls fo|eku gSA ,slk dsoy ijes’oj ds fy;s dgk tk ldrk gS] blfy;s ;g o.kZu] elhgk ds bZ’ojRo dh vksj ,d Li"V lanHkZ gSA ;fn og lukru gS rks og Hkh ijes’oj gS] D;ksafd dsoy ije’oj gh lukru gSA

2- ;’kk;kg 7%14 esa dh x;h] ,d Hkfo";ok.kh eRrh }kjk mn/k`r dh x;h gS tks ;h’kq elhg ds nsg/kkj.k vkSj muds ifo= tUe

nksuksa dh vksj ladsr nsrh gS ¼eRrh 1%22&23½A ;g in D;k n’kkZrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% bl Hkfo";ok.kh dh izkjafHkd iw.kZrk ;’kk;kg o ufc;k ds iq= ds tUe ls gksuk vkjaHk gqbZ ¼8%3½] D;ksafd yM+ds ds fy;s ;g dgk x;k gS fd blds iwoZ fd og ekWa vkSj firkth dguk lh[ks] ;gwnk ds ’k=q izcy gksaxs ¼8%4½ A fQj Hkh] ;g elhgk ds :i esa bldh iw.kZrk dk Hkh ladsr gSA ;|fi ;’kk;kg us ftl Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx fd;k] og rRdkyhu lanHkZ esa mfpr Fkh] mldh Hkfo";ok.kh Li"Vr% ml vFkZ ls Hkjiwj Fkh tks mlds ;k mlds iq= ds le; ls dgha vkxs pydj lewps rkSj ij iw.kZ gksxhA bczkuh Hkk"kk ds nks ’kCn gSa tks ^^dqaokjh** :i esa vuqokfnr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA igyk ’kCn vYekg gS] tks ,d dqaokjh dU;k ;k fookg ;ksX; mez dh ;qok efgyk dh vksj ladsr nsrk


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gS( nwljk ’kCn] csF;wykg gS] ftldk vFkZ ^^dqaokjh** ls fHkUu ugha gSA bl ij vDlj fopkj fd;k x;k gS fd D;ksa ;’kk;kg us csF;wykg ds LFkku ij vYekg dk iz;ksx fd;k] ijarq dkj.k Li"V gSA ifo= vkRek dh fo}rk us ml bczkuh ’kCn dks pquk] ftldk iz;ksx ;’kk;kg ds le; ds fy;s FkksM+k vkSj elhgk ds le; dh iw.kZrk ds fy;s mlls c<+dj] iw.kZ:is.k mfpr gksrkA ;’kk;kg ds le; esa] og ,d lsfodk Fkh tks izkd`frd laca/kksa ls xHkZorh gqbZ vkSj iq= dks tUe fn;k( ijarq ml egku iw.kZrk okys dk;Z esa] ,d dqaokjh Fkh] tks ifo= vkRek dh lkeFkZ ls xHkZorh gqbZ vkSj iq= dks tUe fn;k tks ijes’oj vkSj euq"; nksuksa FkkA ;g /;ku nsuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd tc ;gwnh ’kkfL=;ksa us ;’kk;kg 7%14 dks ;wukuh Hkk"kk esa vuqokfnr fd;k ¼lsIrqftaV 70½] mUgksaus ;wukuh Hkk"kk dk okD;ka’k gs ikFkhZukst dks pquk ¼vFkkZr dqaokjh½ tks bczkuh ’kCn ,sYek dk lgh vuqokn gSA eRrh ;wukuh lsIrqftaV esa ls eRrh 1%22&23 dks mn/k`r djrs gq, gs ikFkhZukst dk iz;ksx djrk gS vkSj ;h’kq elhg ds ifo= tUe dh xokgh nsrk gSA os yksx tks elhgk ds dqaokjh efj;e ds xHkZ esa LofxZd :i ls vkus ls badkj djrs gSa] os u;s fu;e dks mudh lgk;rk ds fy;s mi;ksx ugha dj ldrs gSaA lqlekpkj ys[kd lqLi"V Fks & elhgk dk tUe dqaokjh dU;k ls gqvk! eRrh 1%23 esa] izsfjr gesa ^^bEekuq,y** dk mfpr vuqokn nsrs gSa & ^îjes’oj gekjs lkFk gSA** ;’kk;kg 7%14 ds rkRdkfyd lanHkZ esa] ;g uke ljy :i esa ;g izxV djrk gS fd bl ckyd dk tUe ijes’oj dh ’kiFk vkSj izek.k gksxk fd og ;gwnk ds lkFk Fkk vkSj mUgsa mlds ’k=qvksa & btjk;y vkSj lhfj;k] ds gkFkksa ls NqM+k;sxkA elhgk ds lanHkZ esa] ,oa eRrh dh le> vuqlkj] uke dk vFkZ blls c<+dj ugha gS fd ^ôpu nsg/kkjh gqvk vkSj gekjs chp es fuokl fd;kA** ¼;wgUuk 1%14½

3- ;’kk;kg 9%6v in esa] gesa iqjkus fu;e dh leLr egku >yfd;ksa esa ls ,d >yd] fo’kq) vpjt vkSj jgL; ls Hkjh] elhgk

ds vkxeu dh Hkh fn[kykbZ x;h gSA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s] tc rd vki bldh fo"k; & oLrq ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa

vkSj rc fuEu iz’uksa ds mRrj nhft;sA fdl izdkj ;g Hkfo";ok.kh nsg/kkj.k ds lR; dks ge rd igqapkrh gS & fd elhgk ,d

euq"; ls c<+dj gksxk vkSj og iw.kZ ijes’ojRo dks /kkj.k djsxk\

v- dSls ;g Hkfo";ok.kh ;g elhgk dh ekuork dks izdV djrh gS\

1- gekjs fy;s ,d ckyd______________ gksxkA

fVIif.k;ka% Hkfo";ok.kh ,d okLrfod izdkj ds vkSj izkd`frd euq"; ds tUe ds ckjs esa crkrh gSA ;|fi og ifo= vkRek ds }kjk vykSfdd :i ls dqaokjh dU;k ds xHkZ esa vk;k] rkSHkh elhgk fdlh vU; euq"; thou dh rjg gh bl lalkj esa izos’k djsxkA fdlh bZ’ojh; izdk’ku ls gVdj vxj ns[ksa rks fdlh us Hkh pjuh ds ml f’k’kq dks ijes’oj ds ’kk’or o vcks/kxE; iq= ds :i esa ugha igpkuk gksxkA


29

c- dSls ;g Hkfo";ok.kh elhgk ds ijes’ojRo dks izdV djrh gS\

1- gesa ,d ck______________fn______________ tk,xkA

fVIif.k;ka% ;gka elhgk ds ifo=re O;fDrRo ds vkoj.k ds ihNs gesa fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS vkSj ge ikrs gSa fd og ekuoh; ,oa bZ’ojh; nksuksa gh gSA i`Foh ij ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ,d ckyd dk tUe fn[kkbZ nsrk gS ijarq LoxZ ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ,d iq= fn;k x;k gS! le; iw.kZ gksus ij tks ckyd mRiUu gqvk] og ijes’oj dk ’kk’or iq= Fkk] tks firk }kjk fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj LoxZ ls Hkstk x;k FkkA

d- dSls ;g Hkfo";ok.kh elhgk ds jktlh eghek vkSj laizHkwrk dks izdV djrh gS\

1- iz______________mlds dka______________ ij gksxhA

fVIif.k;ka% jgL; fujarj [kqyrk tkrk gSA ckyd l`f"V ds laiw.kZ jkT; dk izHkqRo dk /kkj.k djrk gSA Lo;a dh lkeFkZ vkSj cqf) ls] og iw.kZ laizHkqrk ds lkFk fo’o ij jkT; djsxkA izR;sd {ks= dk nkf;Ro mlds dka/ks ij gksxk] vkSj rkSHkh ;g mlds fy;s csgn gYdk fl) gksxkA ,sls jkT; dks pykus ds fy;s tks vko’;d ckrsa gSa] os euq"; vkSj LoxZnwrksa ds igaqp ls ckgj dh ckrsa gSa] os ml ,d ije lRrk ds vkxs dqN Hkh ugha ftlus lc oLrqvksa dh l`f"V dh vkSj vius eqag ls dgs x;s opu }kjk fLFkj fd;k ¼bczkfu;ksa 1%3½A bu lc ckrksa dks ns[kus ls gesa og cM+k izek.k feyrk gS fd elhgk ijes’oj dk gh nsg#i gSA ftl ifjek.k ds lkFk ;g dk;Z fd;k x;k gS] og dsoy ijes’ojRo dh iw.kZrk ds }kjk gh laikfnr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

4- ;’kk;kg 9%6 c esa] elhgk dks dbZ uke ;k info;ka nh x;ha gSaA os info;ka] mlds ckjs esa dkSu ls egRoiw.kZ lR; gesa crkrh gSa\

v- n______________A ;g bczkuh ’kCn ik;yk; ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS ^^vnHkqr** ;k ^^vcks/kxE;A** ,slk xq.k dsoy ijes’ojRo ds fy;s gh mi;qDr Bgj ldrk gSA tc ijes’oj lSelu ds ekrk firk ds lkeus izHkq ds nwr cudj mifLFkr gq,] mUgksaus Lo;a dk ifjp; blh uke ls fn;k ¼U;kf;;ksa 13%18] 22½ A lHkh euq"; vkSj LoxZ esa lcls fof’k"V LoxZnwr Hkh lhfer vfLrRo dgykrs gSa ftuds vnHkqr dk;Z le>s tk ldrs gSaA dsoy ijes’oj gh vlhe #i es vn~Hkwr gS vkSj lc yksxksa dh le> ls ijs gSA

c- ijk______________A ;’kk;kg 28%29 esa] ;gksok dks ^^vnHkqr ;qfDr djus okyk** dgk x;k gS ¼dstsoh@,udstsoh@bZ,loh½ A blfy;s] elhgk dks ;gh inoh nsuk mlds ijes’ojRo ds fy;s fufoZokn ?kks"k.kk djuk gSA izsfjr ikSyql elhg dks ^îjes’oj dk Kku dgrk gS** ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 1%24½ ftlesa ^^cqf) vkSj Kku ds leLr HkaMkj fNis gq, gSa** ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 2%3½A ,slh ckrsa vfr cqf)eku euq";ksa vkSj LoxZnwrksa ds fy;s ugha dgha tk ldrhA


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d- ijkdzeh vkSj bZ______________ gSA ;g in bczkuh ’kCn ,y ftcj ls vuqokfnr fd;k x;k gS] ftldk izkphu uke gesa O;oLFkkfooj.k 10%17] f;eZ;kg 32%18] ugsek;kg 9%32 vkSj Hktu 24%8 esa feyrk gSA iqjkus fu;e esa elhgk ds ijes’ojRo dk ;g izek.k u;s fu;e dh blh xokgh ds leku gSA elhg ijes’oj gS ¼;wgUuk 1%1½] ^^gekjk egku ijes’oj** ¼rhrql 2%13½ vkSj ^^tks lc ds Åij ;qxku;qx /kU; ijes’oj gS** ¼jksfe;ksa 9%5 bZ,loh½

M- vua______________ ls fi______________ ds lax gSA ;g ckyd tks le; iw.kZ gksus ij mRiUu gqvk] og vukfn dky ls mifLFkr FkkA tc elhg ls vczkge ds lkFk mlds laca/k ds fo"k; es iz’u fd;k x;k] mlus lHkksa ds le{k ?kksf"kr fd;k] ^^blls igys fd vczkge mRiUu gqvk] eSa gwa** ¼;wgUUkk 8%58&59½A ;gwfn;ksa us bls Bhd le>k Fkk fd vuarrk dk nkok djuk ijes’ojRo dk nkok djuk gS vkSj os mls bZ’k&fuank djus ds vkjksi ds dkj.k iRFkjokg djuk pkgrs FksA ^^firk** ds in dk iz;kstu f=,dRo ds O;fDrRoksa dks my>u esa Mkyuk ugha Fkk] ijarq vkus okys elhgk ds nks egRoiw.kZ igywvksa ds Åij cy nsuk Fkk% 1- laiw.kZ vuarrk ls] og leLr oLrqvksa dk ewy] L=ksr vkSj ikyugkj jgk gS ¼;wgUuk 1%3&4½( vkSj izkjaHk ls] og vius yksxksa dk iks"kd vkSj j{kd jgk gSA

b- ’kka______________ iz______________ A elhgk vkSj mldk jkT; ’kkafr LFkkfir djsxk( ,oa ;g ek= jktuhfrd ’kkafr ugha gksxh] ijarq vfr egRoiw.kZ izdkj dh] ijes’oj vkSj euq"; ds e/; dh ’kkafr gksxhA ;gka ,d vkSj cM+k izek.k elhgk ds ijes’ojRo dk ns[kus dks feyrk gSA og tks ’kkafr LFkkfir djus okyk gksxk] mls euq"; vkSj ijes’oj ds Åij gkFk j[kuk vko’;d gS] rkfd mUgsa lgHkkfxrk esa yk ldsa( ijarq dkSu viuk gkFk thfor ijes’oj dks Nqus ds fy, vkxs c<kus dk lkgl djsxk] dsoy ogh] ftlesa ijes’oj dk rRo gks\ v¸;wc ds fy;s ;g cM+k }an Fkk% ^^D;ksafd og ¼vFkkZr ijes’oj½ esjs leku euq"; ugha] ftlds lkFk eSa okn fookn dj ldwa vkSj ge nksuksa dk U;k; gks ldsA gekjs chp dksbZ fu.kkZ;d ugha] tks ge nksuksa ij viuk gkFk j[k lds** ¼v¸;wc 9%32&33½A ;gka ;’kk;kg Hkfo";ok.kh djrk gS fd v¸;wc dk ,oa gekjk }an ges’kk ds fy;s elhgk esa lekIr gks tk;sxkA og ’kkafr LFkkfir djus okys vFkok ,d e/;LFk dh lkjh vgZrk;sa iw.kZ djrk gSA ijes’oj ds :i esa] og viuk gkFk ijes’oj dh vksj c<+k ldrk gS( vkSj ,d euq"; ds :i esa] og viuk gkFk euq"; dh vksj c<+k ldrk gSA izsfjr ikSyql fy[krk gS] ^^blfy, fo’okl ds }kjk /kehZ Bgjk, tkdj vius izHkq ;h’kq elhg ds }kjk ijes’oj ls gekjk esy gS** ¼jksfe;ksa 5%1½

5- ’ks"k cps LFkku ij] elhg ds fo"k; esa] iqjkus fu;e dh Hkfo";okf.k;ksa }kjk gekjs Åij izdV fd;s x;s dqN vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ

lR;ksa dk la{ksi esa o.kZu dhft,] ftu ij ge us vHkh vHkh fopkj fd;k gSA

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Lke; iwjk gksus ij

Ikjes’oj ds iq= dk euq";ksa ds lalkj esa vkxeu] fulansg] ekuo bfrgkl esa] lcls egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gSA iqjkus fu;e esa Li"V #i es bldh Hkfo";}kf.k dh xbZ Fkh vkSj ijes’oj dh bPNkuqlkj fu/kkZjhr fu;r le; esa ;g gks x;kA og ,dk,d ugha vk;k] ijarq ;g ijes’oj dh ije ;kstuk ds vuqlkj gqvkA bl lR; dk izdk’ku fo’ks"kr% xyfr;ksa 4%4&5 esa gesa feyrk gS%

^îjarq tc le; iwjk gqvk rks ijes’oj us vius iq= dks Hkstk tks L=h ls mRiUu gqvk vkSj O;oLFkk ds v/khu mRiUu gqvk] fd tks yksx O;oLFkk ds v/khu gSa mUgsa ewY; pqdkdj NqM+k ys vkSj ge dks ysikyd iq= gksus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gks**

;g ,d fo’ks"k x|ka’k gS] ,oa ;g okD;ka’k ^^le; iwjk gksus ij** vFkZ ls ifjiw.kZ gSA dqN yksx bZ’ojh; cqf) ls ;g iz’u dj ldrs gSa fd elhgk dks Hkstus esa nsj D;ksa gqbZ\ os elhgk ds vkxeu izFke izfrKk ds ckn ,oa mlds okLrfod vkxeu esa brus yacs varjky ds fo"k; esa rdZ dj ldrs gSa ¼mRifRr 3%15½A fdUrq] ifo=’kkL= f’k{kk nsrs gSa fd elhg ijes’oj }kjk fu/kZjhr le; ij gh vk;s vkSj ekuo bfrgkl dh ml ?kM+h esa izdV gq,] tc euq"; txr cM+h vko’;drk esa FkkA

bl ij /;ku nsuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd ^^le; iwjk gksuk** ;g iznf’kZr djrk gS fd elhg ekuork dh ?kksj vko’;drk dh ?kM+h esa gh ugha vk;k] ijarq og iqjkus /keZ’kkL= esa crk;s x;s le; vkSj elhgk ds fy;s dh x;h Hkfo";okf.k;ka ds vuqlkj vk;kA ;g Li"Vr% fl) fd;k tk ldrk gS fd elhgk ds vkxeu dk le; chr pqdk gSA vxj uktjFk ds ;h’kq elhgk ugha Fks] rks /keZ’kkL= dh dgh x;ha ckrsa iw.kZ ugha gqbZ gSa vkSj iw.kZ ugha gks ldrh gSaA bu izklafxd lR;ksa ij fopkj dhft;sA

1- mRifRr 49%10 ds vuqlkj] ^^;gwnk ls rc rd jktnaM u NwVsxk vkSj u mlds iSjksa ds chp ls ’kkldh; jktnaM gVsxk rc rd

fd ’khyks ¼elhgk dk lanHkZ fn;k x;k gS] ,d izkphu ;gwnh ys[k bls Lohdkjrk gS½ u vk,A**;gka izfrKk dh x;h gS fd ;gwnk

dk oa’kt elhgk ds vkus rd jkT; djrk jgsxkA ;:’kyse 70 ,-Mh- esa u"V fd;k x;k] ;gwfn;ksa dk jktuhfrd opZLo vkSj

izHkqrk Nhu yh x;h vkSj bl rjg jk"Vª fc[kj x;kA ;gwnk dh tkfr ls nks gtkj o"kksZ ls dksbZ ’kkld ugha FkkA vxj ;h’kq gh

elhgk ugha gksrs] rc mRifRr 49%10 esa dh xbZ ijes’oj dh izfrKk foQy gks tkrh] D;ksafd le; chr pqdk Fkk vkSj izfrKk vc

iw.kZ ugha dh tk ldrh FkhA


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2- nkfu;sy 9%24&27 ds vuqlkj] ;:’kyse dks nklRo [kRe gksus ds ckn ds lkyksa ds ¼vFkkZr muipkl lky½ lkr lIrkg esa

iquZfufeZr fd;k tkuk Fkk( elhgk ;:’kyse ds iquZfuekZ.k ds ckn vFkkZr cklB lIrkg i’pkr ¼vFkkZr pkj lkS pkSarhl o"kksZ½ izxV

gksxkA ;g Hkfo";ok.kh ;h’kq ds thou ls iw.kZ rkSj ij feyrh gSA vxj ;h’kq gh elhgk ugha gksrs] rc nkfu;sy 9%24&27 esa elhgk

dh nh gqbZ izfrKk foQy gks tkrh] D;ksafd le; chr pqdk Fkk vkSj izfrKk vc iw.kZ ugha dh tk ldrh FkhA

3- eykdh 3%1&3 ;g f’k{kk nsrk gS fd elhgk dk vkxeu ml vof/k esa tc rd nwljk eafnj fLFkj gS] gksuk FkkA nwljk eafnj 70

,-Mh- esa u"V fd;k x;kA vxj ;h’kq gh elhgk ugha gksrs] rc ;g Hkfo";ok.kh foQy gks tkrh] D;ksafd le; chr pqdk Fkk vkSj

izfrKk vc iw.kZ ugha dh tk ldrh FkhA

4- elhgk dks nkÅn dk oa’kt gksuk Fkk vkSj mls rc vkuk Fkk tc nkÅn dk ?kjkuk fuEu voLFkk esa Fkk vkSj frjLdkj esa th jgk

Fkk tSls fdlh isM+ dks mldh viuh gh tM+ksa ls i`Fkd dj fn;k tkrk gSA ;’kk;kg 11%1 esa] in ;g ?kksf"kr djrk gS] ^^rc f;’kS

ds BwaB esa ls ,d vadqj QwV fudysxk] gka] mldh tM+ esa ls ,d ’kk[kk fudydj Qyoar gksxhA** ,sls gh le; esa ;h’kq elhgk

ds :i esa izxV gq,A vxj og elhgk ugha gksrs] rks /keZ’kkL=ksa dk ys[k iw.kZ ugha gksrk] D;ksafd 70 ,-Mh- esa ;:’kyse ds u"V

gksus ij f;’kS dh tM+ Hkh ^^m[kM+** tkrhA ml le;] leLr oa’kkofy;ksa ds izek.k u"V gks pqds Fks] vkSj fdlh vU; izLrkfor

^êlhgk** ds oa’k dks izekf.kr djuk vlaHko gksrkA

5- nkfu;sy 9%27 ds vuqlkj] elhgk u;h okpk dh iqf"V djsxk vkSj iqjkuh okpk ds varZxr vkus okyh cfynku izFkk dks lekIr

djsxkA cfynku izFkk] ;:’kyse o eafnj dk 70 ,-Mh- esa u"V gksus ij lEkkIr gks x;hA ;fn ;h’kq] elhgk ugha gSa] rks iqjkus fu;e es cfynku izFkk fcuk elhgk ds vkxeu ds lekIr gks pqdh gSA

6- vkeksl vkSj ;’kk;kg Hkfo";oDrkvksa ds vuqlkj ¼vU; nwljksa ds e/;½] elhgk dk vkxeu jk"Vªksa ;k tkfr;ksa ds bdV~Bs gksus ds

le; ls fpafUgr fd;k x;k ¼;’kk;kg 2%2&3( 11%10( 42%1&6( 49%6( 60%3( vkeksl 9%11&12( mRifRr 17%5( 49%10( Hktu 2%8(

22%27] 30( td;kZg 8%22( izsfjrksa ds dke 15%15&18½A yxHkx nks gtkj lky rd ¼;h’kq dh e`R;q vkSj iqu:RFkku ls½] gj jk"Vª

dh vU; tkfr dh HkhM+ us Lo;a dks btjk;y ds ijes’oj vkSj bczkuh /keZ’kkL= ds lkFk dks igpkukA blds iwoZ ds bfrgkl esa

blds lekarj dqN ugha gSA

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v/;k; 6% iq= euq"; cuk

Hkkx nks% nsg/kkj.k ds fy;s u;s fu;e dh xokgh

ijes’oj iq= ds dqaokjh dU;k ds }kjk tUe ysdj nsg/kkj.k djuk] elhgh fo’okl vkSj lqlekpkj dk ,d vko’;d fl)kar gSA /keZ’kkL= ds Li"V dFku vkSj ppZ dh izkphure xokgh ds badkj ds fcuk] bl fl)kar dk badkj djuk vlaHko gSA vxj elhg vykSfdd <ax ls xHkZ esa ugha vkrs] rks og nsg/kkjh ijes’oj ugha Fks] rc lqlekpkj ,d >wB gksrk vkSj dwzl ds ikl cpkus dh lkeFkZ ugha gksrh! bl dkj.k ls] gekjs fy;s ;g vko’;d gS fd ge bl vk/kkjHkwr fl)kar ij cgqr /;ku nsa vkSj bls iwjh fu"Bk ls Fkkes jgsa!

;h’kq elhg nsg/kkjh ijes'oj ;k nsg esa ijes'oj gSa] ,slk dgus ls D;k vk’k; gS\ ;g vR;f/kd vko’;d gS fd ge le> ysa fd ijes’oj dk iq= nsg/kkj.k djus ij] ijes’oj gksus ds Lrj ls dgha Hkh de ugha gqvk] u gh mlus ijes’oj vkSj euq"; ds chp dk dksbZ e/;orhZ LoHkko fy;kA blds ctk;] ijes’oj dk iq= og dqN cu x;k tks og igys dHkh ugha FkkA mlus vius ijes’ojRo esa ekuork dks tksM+k vkSj og ijes’oj&ekuo cu x;k] ,d O;fDr ftlesa nks fHkUurk;sa Fkha] rkSHkh vfoHkkftr LoHkko Fks & bZ’ojh; vkSj ekuoh;A mlus vius fdlh Hkh bZjojh; xq.k dks ugha NksM+k] ijarq viuh bPNk ls mu xq.kksa ds mi;ksx dks vius firk dh bPNk ij NksM+ fn;kA mlus euq"; dk flQZ ckgjh :i gh /kkj.k ugha fd;k ;k og flQZ euq"; gh ugha fn[krk Fkk( ijarq og ,d okLrfod euq"; cu x;k Fkk] gj izdkj ls gekjs leku] ijarq og fu"iki FkkA

1- eRRkh 1%18&25 esa ;h’kq elhg ds vk’p;Ztud <ax ls xHkZ esa vkus dk igyk o.kZu feyrk gSA in 20 esa fdl lR; dk izdk’ku

fd;k x;k gS\ bldk egRo D;k gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^xHkZ esa vkuk** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn xsukWo ls fy;k x;k gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^tUe nsuk ;k mRiUu djukA** bl ,d lk/kkj.k ifjHkk"kk ls] thou dk xHkZ esa /kkj.k fd;k tkuk cryk;k tkrk gSA ;g /keZ’kkL= dh xokgh gS fd ;h’kq ds dksbZ lkalkfjd firk ugha Fks] ijarq og ifo= vkRek dh vykSfdd lkeFkZ ls mRiUu gq,A

2- ywdk 1%26&38 esa vykSfdd lkeFkZ ls ijes’oj ds iq= ds xHkZ esa vkus dk vkSj vf/kd foLr`r o.kZu feyrk gSA bl ikB dks

if<+;s ,oa rc fuEu iz’uksa ds mRrj nhft;sA

v- in 34 ds vuqlkj] LoxZnwr dh ?kks"k.kk ds izfr fd og elhgk dh ekrk gksxh] efj;e dh D;k izfrfdz;k Fkh\ dSls mldh izfrfdz;k us bl lR; dks lqn`<+ fd;k fd elhgk dk tUe vykSfdd Fkk\

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fVIif.k;ka% efj;e ds dqaokjsiu dk o.kZu lqlekpkj esa ikap ckj ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS% eRrh 1%23]25( ywdk 1%27 ¼nks ckj½] 34A ;|fi] dksbZ tu bl ifo= tUe dks ysdj] izsfjrksa dh lk{kh dks ekuus ls badkj dj ldrk gS] fdarq ;g mudh lk{kh Fkh] blls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA efj;e dk iz’u vfo’okl ls ugha mitk] ijarq bl rF; ls mitk fd og rks dqaokjh FkhA mls vk’p;Z gqvk fd dSls xHkZ/kkj.k fd;k tkuk laHko gksxkA

c- in 35 esa LoxZnwr dh D;k izfrfdz;k Fkh\ ;g in gesa ;h’kq ds vk’p;Ztud <ax ls xHkZ esa vkus ds fo"k; esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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iq= euq"; cuk

35

fVIif.k;ka% ,d leku ’kCn ^^Nk;k djuk** ¼;wukuh% bfilfd;stks½ ml pedhys ckny ds fy;s Hkh dgk x;k gS tkss irjl] ;wgUuk vkSj ;kdwc ij Nk x;k Fkk] ¼eRrh 17%5½( ftl ioZr ij :ikarj.k gqvk Fkk( ejdql 9%7( ywdk 9%34½A Hkk"kk Hkh l`f"V fuekZ.k ds ckjs esa gesa Lej.k fnykrh gS] tc ijes’oj dk vkRek ty ds Åij eaMjkrk Fkk ¼mRifRr 1%2½A pwafd ifo= vkRek fo’o ds fuekZ.k esa ,d izkjafHkd ’kfDr Fkh] rks ;g mlds lkeFkZ ds ckgj dh ckr ugha gks ldrh fd og viuh lkeFkZ ls dqaokjh ds xHkZ esa ,d thou dk fuekZ.k dj nsA

d- in 37 esa] ftczk,y LoxZnwr ijes’oj ds fo"k; esa ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kks"k.kk djrk gSA fdl izdkj ls ;g lR;] ;h’kq ds vk’p;Ztud <ax ls xHkZ esa vkus ds Åij fo’okl j[kus ij] fdlh O;fDr dk vk/kkj cu ldrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ,d ckj loZ’kfDr’kkyh ijes’oj ij fo’okl dk;e gks tkrk gS] rks elhgk ds vnHkqr :i ls dqaokjh dU;k ds xHkZ esa vkus ij fo’okl djuk dfBu ugha gSA ijes’oj dqN Hkh dj ldrs gSa] flQZ mu ckrksa dks NksM+dj] tks muds ifo=] /kehZ vkSj izseh LoHkko ds fo:) gksA

3- ;wgUuk 1%14 esa nsg/kkj.k dk mYys[k djusokys inksa esa ls ,d lcls lkeFkhZ vkSj laqnj in feyrk gSA bl in ij euu dhft;s

tc rd fd vki blds vFkZ ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa vkSj rc fuEu okD;ka’kksa ij vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

v- opu nsg/kkjh gqvk vkSj gekjs chp esa fuokl fd;kA

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fVIif.k;ka% ^ôpu** ijes’oj ds ’kk’or iq= dk lanHkZ nsrk gS ¼in 1½A fdz;k’kCn ^^gqvk** ifjorZu ;k voLFkkarj dks crkrk gSA ’kk’or iq= lnSo nsg/kkjh ugha Fkk] ijarq tc efj;e ds xHkZ esa vk;k rc nsg/kkjh ^^gks x;k**A nsg/kkjh gksus


36

ij] mldk ijes’oj gksus dk xq.k Fke ugha x;k( blds ctk;] mlus mlds ijes’ojRo esa euq";Ro dks lfEefyr fd;k vkSj ijes’oj &ekuo cu x;kA ^^fuokl fd;k** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds Ldsuw ls fudyk gS] tks racw ;k eaMi esa fuokl djus dh vksj ladsr djrk gSA nsg/kkj.k esa] ijes’oj us vius ^^racw dks LFkkfir fd;k** ;k euq";ksa ds e/; ^^fuokl fd;k**A

c- vkSj geus mldh ,slh efgek ns[kh tSlh firk ds bdykSrs dh efgek tks vuqxzg vkSj lPpkbZ ls ifjiw.kZ gksA

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fVIif.k;ka% êfgek** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% MksDlk½ iq= dh LofxZd HkO;rk dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA ;g okD;ka’k ^bdykSrk**¼;wukuh% eksuksxsful½ dks vkSj vf/kd vPNs <ax ls ^^,d vkSj dsoy ,d** ds :i esa vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk FkkA elhg dks vuqxzg vkSj lPpkbZ ls ifjiw.kZ dguk mlds ijes’ojRo dh fufoZokn ?kks"k.kk Fkh] D;ksafd blus mls nks xq.kksa dh iw.kZrk iznku dh tks lk/kkj.k rkSj ij dsoy ijes’oj ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gksrs gSa ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 2%9 dks i<+sa½A

4- fQfyfIi;ksa 2%6&8 esa] izsfjr ikSyql gesa ijes’oj ds iq= ds ’kk’or vfLrRo ls efgek dh vksj ys pyrs gSa] nsg/kkj.k ls gksrs gq,]

dyojh ds dzwl rd ys pyrs gSaA bl in ij vk/kkfjr] nsg/kkj.k dh fuEu ?kks"k.kkvksa dks iw.kZ dhft;sA

v- ftlus ijes’oj ds Lo______________ esa gksrs gq, Hkh ijes’oj ds l______________7 gksus dks ¼in 6½ A ;g /keZ’kkL= dh xokgh gS fd ijes’oj dk iq= mlds nsg/kkj.k ds igys vkSj ckn esa Hkh fo|eku FkkA ^^Lo:i** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% ekQZ½ ckgjh :i&jax dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS] mlh izdkj vko’;d xq.k ;k fufgr lR;rk dks Hkh Hkh izxV djrk gSA iq= flQZ fn[kkbZ nsus ek= ls gh ijes’oj ugha tku iM+rk Fkk( og ;FkkFkZ esa ijes’oj FkkA

c- mlus ijes’oj ds Lo:i esa gksrs gq, Hkh ijes’oj ds l______________ gksus dks vius vf/kdkj esa j[kus dh oLrq u le>k ¼in 6½A ^^lekurk** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% vk;lksl½ iq= ds ijes’ojRo ds izfr fufoZokn lanHkZ gSA okD;ka’k ^^le>s tkus ds fy;s** ¼;wukuh% gkikZxeksl½ fdlh ewY;oku oLrq ds izfr vuf/kd`r :i ls vf/kdkj djus dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA nsg/kkj.k esa] iq= us viuh bPNk bl ckr esa izxV dh fd mlus firk dh bPNk ikyu ds fy;s] ijes’ojRo ds fo’ks"k vf/kdkjksa dks NksM+ fn;kA

iq= euq"; cuk

37

d- ijarq mlus vius dks ’kw______________ dj fn;k ¼in 7½A nsg/kkj.k djus ij] iq= us viuh efgek vkSj ijes’ojRo ds lkjs fo’ks"kkf/kdkj ,d rjQ j[k fn;sA ijarq bldk ;g vFkZ ugha gS fd mldh lkeFkZ ijes’oj ls de gks x;h] cfYd mlus ijes’oj ds :i esa viuh oS/kkfud efgek vkSj vf/kdkj dks ,d vksj j[k fn;k ¼;wgUuk 17%5½A

M- nkl dk Lo ______________ dj euq ______________ ¼in 7½A ;gka ^^Lo:i** ¼;wukuh ekQZ½ ckgjh jax :i ,oa lkFk gh tks rkfRod xq.k gS] ml dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA elhg ckgjh :i esa gh fn[kkbZ nsus okyk izfrc) lsod ugha cuk] ijarq og] okLro esa gj izdkj ls izfrc) lsod cu x;kA

b- bl izdkj euq"; dh lek ______________ esa izdV gqvkA euq"; ds tSls jax ______________ /kkj.k fd;k ¼in 7&8½A ^^lekurk** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% gkseksvk;ksek½ ^^lekurk** vFkok ^^:i** dks crkrk gSA elhg ,d lPpk euq"; Fkk vkSj lPph euq";rk ds lkjs xq.k mlus /kkj.k fd;sA ^^:i jax** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% Ldhek½ ,d O;fDr dh vknrsa vkSj rjhdksa dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA elhg u dsoy ,d euq"; Fkk] ijarq tks mls tkurs Fks vkSj mlds O;ogkj dks ns[krs Fks] mUgsa og oSlk izrhr Hkh gksrk FkkA

bZ- mlus Lo;a dks nh ______________ fd;k vkSj ;gka rd vkKk ______________ jgk fd e`R;q oju dzwl dh e`R;q Hkh lg yh ¼in 8½A fu"iki elhg ds fy;s e`R;q ijes’oj dh bPNk ds izfr vkKkdkfjrk j[kus dk ,d ,sfPNd dk;Z FkkA og mlds Åij naM Lo:i Fkksik ugha x;k Fkk] ijarq ,d dk;Z ds :i esa fn;k x;k FkkA

5- dqjfUFk;ksa 8%9 esa gesa] ckbcy esa nsg/kkj.k ls lacaf/kr leLr inksa esa ls ,d lqanj in i<+us dks feyrk gSA bl in ij vius

fopkj fyf[k;sA

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fVIif.k;ka% fdlh vehj O;fDr ds fy;s xjhc cuus dh ’kiFk ysuk vyx ckr gS vkSj xjhcksa ds chp jguk vyx ckr gSA fo'o ds loksZPp ijes’oj ds fy;s nsg/kkj.k djuk vkSj lokZf/kd ifrr yksxksa ds e/; muds tSls cudj jguk


38

fcYdqy gh fHkUu ckr gSA gesa Lej.k j[kuk pkfg;s fd iq= }kjk /kkfjr xjhch ds ihNs ,d fuf’pr vkSj r; mn~ns’; dh iwfrZ gksuh Fkh ______________ mlus LoxZ dh efgek dks R;kx fn;k rkfd ge ml efgek esa izos’k dj ldsaA

6- 1 freqfFk;ql 3%16 esa nsg/kkj.k ls lacaf/kr lcls laf{kIr vkSj lqanj dFkuksa esa ls ,d i<+us dks feyrk gSA bl in ds igys okD;ka’k

esa] izsfjr ikSyql nsg/kkj.k ds fy;s dkSulh ?kks"k.kk djrk gS\

v- fulansg] HkfDr dk Hks______________cM+k xa______________ gSA bl okD;ka’k esa ^^lcdh LohdkjksfDr** dks ^^lcdh lgefr ls** ;k ^^fcuk fookn ;k >xM+s ds** ,slk Hkh vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk FkkA ^^jgL;** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% eLVsfju½ fdlh fNih gqbZ ;k vcks/kxE; oLrq dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA ^^HkfDr** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% ;wlsfc;k½ ijes’oj ds izfr lPph J)k dks izxV djrk gSA bl okD;ka’k dks bl rjg Hkh vPNs rjhds ls le>k tk ldrk gS% ^^lHkh elhgh tu fufoZokn ;g Lohdkj djrs gSa fd og Hksn cgqr xaHkhj gS tks ijes’oj ds izfr lPph HkfDr dh cqfu;kn vkSj L=ksr gSA**

c- og tks ’kjhj esa gks______________ iz______________ gqvkA og Hksn tks ijes’oj ds iq= dh leLr lPph HkfDr dh cqfu;kn vkSj L=ksr gS ftls mlus ^^nsg esa** iw.kZ fd;kA nsg/kkj.k djuk elhgh fo’okl dk ,d vk/kkjHkwr fl)kar gSA vxj ;h’kq ifo= vkRek vkSj dqaokjh efj;e ds xHkZ nksuksa ls feydj ugha tUek gksrk] rc og nsg/kkfjr ijes’oj ugha dgykrk] vkSj laiw.kZ lqlekpkj ,d >wB Bgjrk & fd dzwl ds ikl dksbZ NqVdkjs nsus okyh lkeFkZ ugha gS( iqu#RFkku ,d /kks[kk Bgjrk( vkSj ge ijes’oj ls i`Fkd ,oa vk’kkghu gksdj] ikiksa esa gh thou O;rhr djrs jgrsA

39


v/;k; 7% iq= us ,d fl) thou ft;k

ijes’oj ds iq= ds fy;s euq"; cu tkuk i;kZIr ugha Fkk( ijarq ;g vko’;d Fkk fd og ijes’oj dh O;oLFkk rys fl) :i ls vkKkdkjh gksdj thou fcrkrsA vxj og vius fopkj] LoHkko] ’kCn] ;k dk;Z esa nks"kh ik;k tkrk( rks og iki ds fy;s cfynku nsus ds fy;s vuqi;qDr fl) gks tkrkA bl dkj.k ls ;g dguk mfpr gS fd elhg ds laiw.kZ thoudky esa iw.kZ vkKkdkfjrk ds fcuk] mlds thou vkSj lsodkbZ ds leLr igyw vizHkkoh jgrsA dsoy ,d iw.kZ :i ls fl) nwljk vkne] igys vkne }kjk fd;s x;s uSfrd iru dks fujLr dj ldrk Fkk ¼jksfe;ksa 5%12&19½A dsoy ,d fu"dyad vkSj csnkx esEuk lalkj ds ikiksa ds fy;s vius izk.k ns ldrk Fkk ¼;wgUuk 1%29( 1 irjl 1%19½A dsoy /kehZ tu gh v/kfeZ;ksa ds fy;s vius vki dks cfynku dj ldrk Fkk rkfd mUgsa ijes’oj ds ikl yk lds ¼1 irjl 3%18½ A dsoy ,d fu"iki elhgk vius thou dks dbZ;ksa ds fy;s ns ldrk gS ¼ejdql 10%45½A

1- blds igys fd ge vkxs c<+s] gesa jksfe;ksa 8%3 ij fopkj djuk pkfg;sA ;g elhg ds nsg/kkj.k ds fo"k; esa D;k f’k{kk nsrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% nsg/kkj.k esa] ijes’oj ds iq= us ifrr ekuork dks gh vius Åij ugha fy;k( cfYd ,d ,slh nsg /kkj.k dh] tks ;|fi iki ls fu"dyad Fkh] rkSHkh gekjh ifrr tkfr ds cqjs ifj.kkeksa ls izHkkfor gks ldrh FkhA euq"; ds :i esa] og dqN lhekvksa] detksfj;ksa] nq%[k vkSj ifrr ekuork ds v/khu gks ldrk FkkA ;g mldh fdruh cM+h nhurk gS fd og pkgrk rks ifrr ekuork ds igys ds le; dh viuh laiw.kZ efgek vkSj lkeFkZ dks /kkj.k dj ldrk FkkA rkSHkh] og ^îki dh nsg dh lekurk esa gksdj** Hkstk x;k!


40

2- ywdk 1%35 ds vuqlkj] ;g dSls laHko gqvk fd ;h’kq vkne ds ml LoHkko ls oafpr gksdj xHkZ esa vk;k] ftl LoHkko us ’ks"k

ekuork dks uSfrd :i ls Hkz"V dj fn;k Fkk\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^îfo=**’kCn ogh ’kCn gS tks vkRek ds fy;s iz;qDr gqvk gSA og ^îfo= ckyd** Fkk D;ksafd og ^îfo= vkRekk** dh Nk;k ls mRiUu gqvk FkkA

3- ckbcy esa] ,d O;fDr ds uke dk cgqr egRo gS D;ksafd ;g vDlj izxV djrk gS fd og O;fDr dSlk gS vkSj mlds O;fDrRo

ds ckjs esa dqN crkrk gSA izsfjrksa ds dke 3%14 esa elhg dks dkSulk uke fn;k x;k gS] vkSj ;g mldh izd`fr ds ckjs esa dkSulh

f’k{kk nsrk gS\

v- og i______________vkSj /k______________gSA irjl Hktu 16%10 ls ysdj mn/k`r dj jgk gSA ^îfo=** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% gks'k½ mldh vksj ladsr djrk gS tks iki ls Hkz"V ugha gqvk gks] nq"Vrk ls eqDr gks vkSj uSfrd :i ls ifo= gksA ^^/kehZ** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% fnds;kst½ ijes’oj dh izd`fr vkSj LoHkko ds izfr vuq:irk dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA ;g ckr egRoiw.kZ gS fd og ’kh"kZd] tks iqjkus fu;e esa vuwBs :i esa dsoy ijes’oj dks fn;k x;k gS ¼;’kk;kg 24%16½ ogh ’kh"kZd izsfjrksa ds dke esa ;h’kq dks rhu ckj fn;k x;k ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 3%14( 7%52( 22%14½

4- firk] ;h’kq ds fo"k; esa eRrh 3%17 esa dkSulh xokgh nsrk gS\ mldh xokgh elhg dh izd`fr vkSj dk;ksZ ds fo"k; esa gesa D;k

crkrh gS\

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iq= us ,d fl) thou ft;k

41

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fVIif.k;ka% ;g ?kks"k.kk loZ izFke ¼;’kk;kg 42%1 dh elhgk ds fo"k; esa Hkfo";ok.kh feyrh gSA ;g elhg ds cifrLek ¼eRrh 3%17( ejdql 1%11( ywdk 3%22½ ,oa muds :ikarj.k ¼eRrh 17%5( ejdql 9%7½ ds le; ?kksf"kr dh x;h FkhA elhg ds fo"k; esa ijes’oj dh xokgh mlds fu"iki gksus ds ckjs esa crkrh gSA ije ifo= ijes’oj dsoy ije ifo= ls gh vkuafnr gks ldrk gSA FkksM+k lk iki Hkh ijes’oj dh eqLdqjkgV dks R;ksfj;ksa esa cny ldrk FkkA

5- fuEu inks ds vuqlkj] ;h’kq us Lo;a ds vkSj ijes’oj dh bPNk ds izfr vkKkdkfjrk ds fo"k; esa D;k xokgh nh\

v- ;qgUuk 8%29

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg ds bl nkos dk lcls vnHkqr igyw fØ;kfo’ks"k.k ^^lnk** dk iz;ksx gSA ifrr euq"; fu;r dky rd fl) vkKkdkfjrk dk nkok Hkh ugha dj ldrk] ijarq elhg vkKkdkfjrk dk nkok djrs gSa tks u dsoy fl) gS iajrq fujarj vkSj v[kafMr gSA og lewps thoudky esa ys’k ek= nks"k ds fcuk vkKkdkjh ik;k x;kA

c- ;qgUuk 17%7

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fVIif.k;ka% euq"; ds lkeus fl) gksus dk nkok djuk ,d fufHkZd ckr gS] ijarq ijes’oj ds le{k ,slk djuk fcYdqy vyx gh ckr gSA laiw.kZ vnE; vkRefo’okl ds lkFk] ;h’kq firk ds lkeus [kM+s gksrs gSa vkSj vius ân; vkSj dk;Z esa


42

fl) vkKkdkfjrk dk nkok djrs gSaA euq";ksa ds e/; esa ls] ijes’oj ds loZJs"B lsod Hkh ,slk nkok ugha dj ldrs tks ;h’kq us fd;k Fkk] cfYd muds fy;s ;g Lohdkj djuk vko’;d Fkk fd] ^^ge v;ksX; nkl gSa( geus rks dsoy ogh fd;k gS tks gesa djuk Fkk** ¼ywdk 17%10½

6- lqlekpkj ds o.kkZuqlkj] elhg ds lokZf/kd fojks/kh Hkh mldh /kkfeZdrk dks igpkuus ds fy;s ck/; gq,A bl lR; ds fo"k; esa

fuEufyf[kr in D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

&& eRrh 27%3&4 v- pksj ftlus ns[kk fd elhg us dqN Hkh xyr ugha fd;kA

&& eRrh 27%19 c- ihykrql dh iRuh us elhg dks /kehZ O;fDr dgkA

&& eRrh 27%23&24( ywdk 23%4 d- ;gwnk us elhg ds funksZ"k gksus dks igpkuk

&& ywdk 23%39&41 M- lsukifr us lk{kh nh fd elhg funksZ"k FksA

&& ywdk 23%47 b- ihykrql us elhg esa dksbZ nks"k ugha ik;kA

7- fuEu inksa esa] ;h’kq ds fu"dyad gksus ds fo"k; esa] if=;ksa esa feyus okys lcls egRoiw.kZ inksa ij ge fopkj djsaxsA vius Lo;a

ds ’kCnksa esa izR;sd in dks lkjxfHkZr djsaA

v- 2 dqfjUFk- 5%21

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c- bczkfu;ksa 4%15

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iq= us ,d fl) thou ft;k

43

fVIif.k;ka% ;h’kq gekjh nqcZy ekuoh; n’kk esa tks vke ckrsa ik;ha tkrh gSa] mu lHkh ckrksa esa ij[kk x;kA gekjh detksjh esa] ge vDlj FkksM+h lh ijh{kk dh ?kM+h esa gh fxj tkrs gSa] vkSj blfy;s cM+h ijh{kkvksa ls cgqr de gekjk lkeuk gksrk gSA elhg] lHkh dks vkus okyh] FkksM+h ijh{kkvksa esa izcy gq, vkSj lcls cM+h ijh{kk esa Hkh fot;h Bgjs ftldk lkeuk vHkh rd fdlh O;fDr us ugha fd;k FkkA

d- bczkfu;ksa 7%26

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fVIif.k;ka% ^îfo=** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% gks'k½ O;fDr dh ml voLFkk dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS tks iki ls ’kq)] cqjkbZ ls eqDr] vkSj uSfrd :i ls ’kq) gSA ^^funksZ"k** ;k ^^gkfujfgr** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% vdk;dks'k½ ml O;fDr dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS tks fouk’kdkjh nq"Vrk ;k }s"k ls jfgr gksA ^îki ls ’kq)** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% vfe;karksl½ dks ^^csnkx** vFkok ^^fu"dyad** Hkh vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk FkkA ^îkfi;ksa ls i`Fkd fd;k x;k** okD;ka’k elhg vkSj euq"; txr ds chp cM+s varj dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS& og ikijfgr FkkA

M- 1 irjl 1%19

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg dk jDr cgqewY; Fkk D;ksafd og fu"dyad vkSj csnkx esEuk FkkA ^^fu"dyad** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% vekWeksl½ ;g crkrk gS fd tks nks"kjfgr gks ;k vkjksih u gksA ^^csnkx** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% ,lik;yksl½ izxV djrk gS tks ^^nkx jfgr] LoPN] ;k /kCckjfgr] fdlh dyad ;k HkRlZuk ls eqDr gkssA** O;oLFkk fd vuqlkj] cfynku dh tkus okys esEus dks leLr izdkj ds nks"kksa ls eqDr gksuk pkfg;s ¼ySO;O;oLFkk 22%20&25( fxurh 6%14( 28%3] 9½A bl rjg elhg ds fy;s lc izdkj ls iki ls eqDr gksuk vko’;d FkkA


44

b- 1 irjl 2%22

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fVIif.k;ka% ;g laiw.kZ in] elhg ds fo"k; esa Hkfo";k.kh tks ;’kk;kg 53%9 ds lSIV;wftaV laLdj.k esa ik;h tkrh gS] mlls fy;k x;k gSA ;g izHkq ;h’kq elhg dh ikijfgr fl)rk ds ckjs esa izcy vkSj Li"V dFku gSA ckbcy esa] fdlh O;fDr dk eqag ;k mldh ok.kh] mlds ân; dh n’kk dk ladsr nsrh gS ¼;’kk;kg 6%5( eRrh 15%18½A elhg dh ok.kh Nyjfgr Fkh D;ksafd mldk ân; esa Ny ugha FkkA ;kdwc fy[krk gS] ^^tks viuh ckrksa esa ugha pwdrk] ogh fl) euq"; gS vkSj lkjh nsg ij Hkh fu;a=.k j[k ldrk gS** ¼;kdwc 3%2½A ljy lk rdZ gS% ;h’kq us tks dgk] os mls iwjk djus esa ugha pwdk D;ksafd og fl) tu FkkA

bZ- 1 ;qgUuk 3%5

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg iki ls vKkr Fkk ¼2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%21½ vkSj mlesa dksbZ iki ugha Fkk ¼1 ;wgUuk 3%5½

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v/;k; 8% iq= us gekjs iki dks mBk fy;k

elhg dk dzwl gekjs fopkj esa mlds vieku vkSj ’kkjhfjd d"V dks ykrk gS tks mlus lgkA dzwl dh e`R;q ?kksj fujknj vkSj ;a=.kk ls Hkjh gksrh FkhA rkSHkh] ’kkjhfjd d"V vkSj ’keZ tks euq";ksa }kjk elhg ds Åij ykn nh x;h Fkh] og dzwl dk lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ igyw ugha FkkA ge ek= blfy;s ugha cpk;s x;s fd euq";ksa us mls dksM+ksa ls ihVk vkSj dzwl ij dhyksa ls Bksad fn;kA gesa blfy;s NqVdkjk feyk gS D;ksafd mlus gekjs iki vius Åij ys fy;s vkSj ijes’oj ds U;k; rys dqpyk x;kA

iq= gekjs LFkku ij [kM+k gqvk

iq= ds nsg/kkj.k vkSj mlds fl) thou dk mn~ns’; ckbcy ds bl lR; esa feyrk gS fd og vius yksxksa ds cnys mudk LFkku ysus ds fy;s vk;kA muds nks"kksa dks mBk ysus ds fy;s vk;k] U;k; ds fy;s muds LFkku ij [kM+s gksus ds fy;s vk;k] vkSj e`R;q dk naM Hkqxrus ds fy;s vk;kA ckbcy ds lcls cM+s eq[; fo"k;ksa esa ls ;g ,d fo"k; gS vkSj elhgh fo’okl dh vk/kkjf’kyk gSA bl dkj.k ls elhg dk dk;Z vDlj izfrfuf/kRo dk dk;Z dgykrk gSA ^îzfrfuf/k** ’kCn ysfVu Hkk"kk ds fodsfj;l ¼fofpl ¾ ifjorZu] vny & cny ;k LFkku ’kCn½ ls fudyk gS vkSj LFkku cnyus ;k fdlh ds cnys esa [kM+s gksus dh vksj ladsr djrk gSA

elhg vius yksxksa ^^ds LFkku ij** ejk%

;wukuh iwoZlxZ ,saVh dk iz;ksx] dzwl ij elhg dh e`R;q vius yksxksa ds fy;s gqbZ] bl lanHkZ esa fd;k x;k gSA1 iwoZlxZ dk vFkZ gS ^^cnys esa** ;k ^^LFkku ijA**

eRrh 2%22% ^îjUrq ;g lqudj dh vjf[kykml vius firk ds LFkku ij ;gwfn;k esa jkT; dj jgk gS] ogka tkus ls M+jkA fQj LoIu esa ijes’oj ls psrkouh ikdj og xyhy ds izns’k es pyk x;kA**

1 See also Mark 10:45 for another example of the use of this preposition.


46

eRrh 20%28% ^^ftl izdkj euq"; dk iq= Hkh viuh lsok&Vgy djkus ugha oju~ lsok djus vkSj cgqrksa ds NqVdkjs ds eqY; esa viuk izk.k nsus vk;k**

elhg vius yksxksa ^^ds LFkku ij** ejk%

;wukuh iwoZlxZ iSjh dk iz;ksx] dzwl ij elhg dh e`R;q vius yksxksa ds fy;s gqbZ] bl lanHkZ esa fd;k x;k gSA2 iwoZlxZ dk vuqokn vDlj ^^ds fy;s** fd;k tkrk gSA

eRrh 26%28% ^^D;ksafd ;g okpk dk esjk og ygw gS tks cgqr yksxksa ds fufeÙk ikiksa dh {kek ds fy, cgk;k tkus dks gSA**

1 ;qgUuk 4%10% ^^çse bl esa ugha fd geus ijes'oj ls çse fd;k] ijUrq blesa gS fd mlus gels çse fd;k vkSj gekjs ikiksa ds çk;f'pÙk ds fy, vius iq= dks HkstkA **

elhg vius yksxksa ^^ds fy,** ejk%

;wukuh iwoZlxZ gkbij dk iz;ksx] dzwl ij elhg dh e`R;q vius yksxksa ds fy;s gqbZ] bl lanHkZ esa fd;k x;k gSA3 iwoZlxZ dk vFkZ ^^ds fy,** gSA

;qgUuk 10%11% ^^vPNk pjokgk eSa gw¡ vPNk pjokgk HksM+ksa ds fy, viuk çk.k nsrk gSA**

2 dqfjUFk- 5%15% ^^vkSj og lc ds fy, ejk fd os tks thfor gSa vkxs dks vius fy, u th,a ijUrq mlds fy, th,a] tks muds fy, ejk vkSj fQj th mBkA **

1 irjl 3%18% ^êlhg Hkh lc ikiksa ds fy, ,d gh ckj ej x;k] vFkkZr~ v/kfeZ;ksa ds fy, /kehZ] ftl ls og gesa ijes'oj ds lehi ys vk,] 'kjhj ds Hkko ls rks og ekjk x;k] ijUrq vkRek ds Hkko ls ftyk;k x;kA**

elhg vius yksxksa ^^dh [kkfrj** ejk

;wukuh iwoZlxZ Mk; dk iz;ksx] dzwl ij elhg dh e`R;q vius yksxksa ds fy;s gqbZ] bl lanHkZ esa fd;k x;k gSA iwoZlxZ dk vFkZ ^^dh [kkfrj** ;k ^^D;ksafd** gSA

1 dqfjUFk- 8%11% ^^D;ksafd rsjs Kku ds }kjk og tks fucZy gS uk'k gks tk,xk&vFkkZr~ og HkkbZ ftlds fy, elhg ejkA**

2 See also I John 2:2 for another example of the use of this preposition.3 See also Mark 14:24; Romans 5:6, 8; Galatians 3:13; Ephesians 5:2; I Timothy 2:6; Titus 2:14; and I John 3:16 for more examples of the use of this preposition.

iq= us gekjs iki dks mBk fy;k

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2 dqfjUFk- 8%9% ^^D;ksafd rqe gekjs izHkq ;h’kq elhg ds vuqxzg dks tkurs gks] fd /kuh gksrs gq, Hkh] og rqEgkjs fy, fu/kZu cu x;k fd rqe mldh fu/kZurk ds }kjk /kuh cu tkvksaA**

iq= us gekjs iki mBk fy;s

Ckkbcy esa] ge lh[krs vkne ds iki laiw.kZ euq"; tkfr ds Hkhrj v/;kjksfir ik;s tkrs gSaA ijes’oj dh fl) /kkfeZdrk vkSj xw<+ cqf) esa] mlus vkne ds iki dks leLr ekuo tkfr dk iki ekuk( blfy;s vkne esa gksdj lHkh euq";ksa us iki fd;k gS vkSj vkne ds iki ds nks"kh gSaA vkxs vkus okys i`"Bksa esa] vk/;kjksfir fd;s tkus ds nwljs igyw ij fopkj djsaxs & elhg ij gekjs iki vk/;kjksfir fd;s x;sA tSls vkne dk iki leLr ekuo tkfr esa vk/;kjksfir gqvk] oSls gh ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds iki elhg ij vk/;kjksfir fd;s x;sA

1- iqjkus fu;e esa] ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds LFkku ij] tkuojksa dk cfynku fd;k tkuk ,d izfrNk;k ek= ;k izdkj Fkk ftlus varr%

viuh iw.kZrk elhg esa ikbZA rkSHkh] tkuojksa ds bl cfynku us cgqr gh mRre <ax ls ;g fp=.k izLrqr fd;k fd dSls elhg

ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds iki dks ogu djsxk vkSj muds cnys vius thou dk cfynku p<+k;sxkA vki ¼ySO;O;oLFkk 16%21&22½

dks if<+;s( ,oa o.kZu dhft;s fd ;g dSls elhg ds cfynku ls laca) gSA

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fVIif.k;ka% pwafd ,d cfynku }kjk elhgk dh LFkkukiUu e`R;q ds f}Lrjh; mn~ns’; dk iw.kZr% izfrfuf/kRo djuk vlaHko Fkk] blfy, yksxksa ds lkeus nks cfynkuh cdjksa dks vfiZr fd;k x;k] ¼ySO;O;oLFkk 16%5&10½A igyk cdjk ijes’oj ds le{k ikicfy ds fy;s ekjk tkrk Fkk vkSj mldk jDr] ifo= LFkku esa insZ ds ihNs] izk;f’pr ds <adus ds Åij vkSj lkeus fNM+dk tkrk Fkk ¼in 9]15]20½ A ;g elhg dh izk;f’pr Lo:i e`R;q dk ,d vnHkqr fp=.k Fkk & mlus ijes’oj ds U;k; dks larq"V djus ds fy;s] mlds dzks/k dks rÌr djus o ’kkafr LFkkfir djus ds fy;s viuk ygw cgk;kA ijes’oj ds le{k] nwljk cdjk vtktsy ds Lo:i izLrqr fd;k tkrk Fkk ¼in 10½A bl cdjs ds flj ij egk;ktd ^^vius nksuksa gkFk j[krk Fkk ______________ vkSj mlds Åij blzk,fy;ksa ds lkjs v/keZ vkSj muds lkjs


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vijk/kksa vkSj ikiksa dk vaxhdkj djrk Fkk ¼djs½** ¼in 21½A vtktsy dks rc yksxksa ds lkjs v/keksZ dks ykns] futZu LFkku esa Hkst fn;k tkrk Fkk ¼in 21 & 22½A ;g cdjk elhg dk izrhd gS] ftlus ^^viuh gh nsg esa dzwl ij gekjs ikiksa dks mBk fy;k** ¼1 irjl 2%24½ vkSj nq%[k mBk;k o vdsys ^^Nkouh ds ckgj** ej x;k ¼bczkfu;ksa 13%11 &12½A ;g elhg dh izk;f’pr Lo:i e`R;q dk vnHkqr fp=.k gS & og gekjs ikiksa dks vius Åij ys ysrk gSA Hktudkj us fy[kk Fkk] ^^mn;kpy ls vLrkpy ftruh nwj gS] mlus gekjs vijk/kksa dks gels mruh gh nwj dj fn;k gS** ¼Hktu 103%12½A**

2- iqjkus fu;e esa fd;s x;s cfynkuksa dk o.kZu dsoy izfrNk;k ;k izrhd ek= Fks] tks vkxs pydj varr% elhg esa iw.kZ gq,A og

,d egku iki&okgd Fkk ftlus gekjs ikiksa dk naM pqdkus ds fy;s vius thou dk cfynku fn;kA bl lR; ds fo"k; esa fuEu

in gesa D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

v- ;’kk;kg 53%6

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fVIif.k;ka% izHkq ¼bczkuh% ;kgos½ us vius yksxksa ds iki mlds ,dykSrs iq= ij v/;kjksfir dj fn;sA ^^fxjuk** ’kCn fdlh ds Åij yn tkuk ;k fxj iM+us dk ladsr nsrk gSA ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds iki] elhg ds Åij bl rjg ykn fn;s x;s tSls dksbZ tcZnLr] ’kh?kzrk ls QSyus okyh fgalk gks] tSls fdlh ,d lsuk dk vkdze.k gks ;k vpkud fdlh fueZe rwQku dk vkdze.k gks ¼if<+;s ;’kk;kg 53%11 &12½A

c- 2 dqfjUFk- 5%21

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iq= us gekjs iki dks mBk fy;k

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg dks mlh rjg iki Bgjk;k x;k tSls ,d fo’oklh dks ^îjes’oj dh /kkfeZdrk** cuk fn;k tkrk gSA ftl {k.k ,d O;fDr ;h’kq esa fo’okl djrk gS] mldks mlds ikiksa ls {kek fey tkrh gS vkSj elhg dh /kkfeZdrk mlds Hkhrj v/;kjksfir dj nh tkrh gS vFkok mlds ys[ks esa ntZ dj yh tkrh gSA ijes’oj oS/kkfud :i ls fo’oklh dks /kehZ ?kksf"kr djrk gS vkSj mlls /kehZ ds leku O;ogkj djrk gSA tc elhg dzwl ij Vaxs gqvk Fkk] og okLro esa Hkz"V vkSj v/kehZ ugha gks x;k Fkk( ijarq ijes’oj us gekjs ikiksa dks mlds Hkhrj v/;kjksfir dj fn;k Fkk] mls oS/kkfud rkSj ij vijk/kh ?kksf"kr fd;k vkSj mlls vijkf/k;ksa tSlk O;ogkj fd;kA

d- bczkfu;ksa 9%27&28

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg ds nsg/kkj.k vkSj ej.k dk mn~ns’; ;g Fkk fd og vius yksxksa ds iki dks mBk ldsA ^^mBkuk** ’kCn ;wukuh vkukQsjks ls fudyk gS] ftldk ’kkfCnd vFkZ gS ^ôgu djukA**

M- 1 irjl 2%24

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^mBk;k** ’kCn ;wukuh vkukQsjks ls fudyk gS] ftldk ’kkfCnd vFkZ gS ^ôgu djukA** dzwl iFkHkz"V ekuork }kjk izrkM+uk nsus dk dzwjre lk/ku Fkk] rkSHkh ;g og osnh Fkh] ftl ij ijes’oj ds iq= us viuk cfynku p<+k;k FkkA dzwl ij elhg ds ej.k dk mn~ns’; u dsoy ijes’oj ds lkFk laca/k LFkkfir djuk gS cfYd gesa ijes’oj dh ml lkeFkZ }kjk l{ke cukuk gS fd ge iki ds izfr ej ldsa vkSj /kkfeZdrk ds fy;s th;saA irjl] ;’kk;kg 53%5 dks ysdj] u dsoy ’kkjhfjd paxkbZ ds lanHkZ esa] iajrq iki vkSj mlds ifj.kkeksa ls paxkbZ ds lanHkZ esa Hkh m)j.k nsrk gSA


50

3- bl [kaM dks lekIr djrs gq,] ge ;wgUuk 3%14 &15 ij fopkj djsaxs] tks ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ va’k gSA elhg }kjk vius yksxksa

ds ikiksa dks vius Åij mBk ysus ds fo"k; esa] ;g in D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ;h’kq ds opu fxurh 21%5&9 ds lanHkZ esa le>uk vko’;d gSA btjk;fy;ksa }kjk ijes’oj ds izfr fujarj fonzksg vkSj mlds vuqxzgiw.kZ izko/kkukas dks vLohdkj djus ds dkj.k ijes’oj us mu yksxksa ds chp ^^fo"kSys liZ** Hksts vkSj cgqr ls yksx muds Mlus ls ej x,A ;|fi] yksxksa ds izk;f’pr djus vkSj ewlk ds e/;LFkh djus ij] ijes’oj us ,d ckj fQj muds m)kj ds fy;s jkLrk rS;kj fd;kA mlus ewlk dks ^^,d fo"kSyk liZ cukdj [kaHks ij yVdkus ds fy;s dgkA** mlus rc izfrKk dh fd liZ ls Mlk O;fDr tc dkals ds liZ dks ns[ksxk] rks og thfor jgsxkA ;g ?kVuk dzwl dh ,d l’kDr rLohj izLrqr djrh gSA btjk;yh yksx fo"kSys liZ ds tgj ls ej jgs Fks( oSls gh euq"; vius Lo;a ds ikiksa ds tgj ls ejrs gSA ewlk dks vkKk nh x;h fd ej.k ds dkj.k dks [kaHks ij Åapk yVdk;k tk;s( ijes’oj us gekjs ej.k ds dkj.k dks vius Lo;a ds iq= ds Åij ykndj mls dzwl ij ÅapkbZ ij yVdk fn;k( og ^îkie; ’kjhj dh lekurk esa** vk;k ¼jksfe;ksa 8%3½ vkSj ^^gekjs fy, iki** Bgjk;k x;k ¼2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%21½A os blzk,yh ftUgksaus ijes’oj ij fo’okl fd;k vkSj dkals ds liZ dks ns[kk] os thfor jgs( oSls gh tks euq"; ijes’oj }kjk vius iq= ds fy;s nh xbZ xokgh ij fo’okl djrk gS vkSj mldh vksj fo’okl ls ns[krk gS] og cpk;k tk;sxk ¼1 ;wgUuk 5%10&11½A

51


v/;k; 9% iq= ’kki cuk

blds iwoZ v/;k; esa] geus lh[kk fd elhg gekjs LFkku ij ^îki Bgjk;k x;kA** bl v/;k; esa] ge brus gh vcks/kxE; fl)kar ij fopkj djsaxs fd elhg gekjs fy;s Jkfir gks x;kA ckbcy Li"Vr% f’k{kk nsrh gS fd ftruksa us iki fd;k gS] os O;oLFkk ds v/khu Jkfir gSaA gesa cpkus ds fy;s ijes’oj dk iq= euq"; cuk] gekjs vijk/kksa dks vius Åij ys fy;k vkSj gekjs LFkku ij Jki cu x;kA

1- xykfr;ksa 3%10 ijes’oj ds le{k euq"; dh ikie;] ifrr voLFkk ds fo"k; esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^tks yksx O;oLFkk ds dkeksa ij fuHkZj gSa]** ;g okD;ka’k muds lanHkZ esa gS tks Lo;a ds uSfrd xq.k] O;fDrxr /kehZiu ;k ijes’oj dh O;oLFkk ds izfr vkKkdkjh jgdj ijes’oj ds le{k Lo;a dks xzg.k;ksX; cukus ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA ckbcy ?kksf"kr djrh gS fd ,sls lHkh O;fDr Jki ds v/khu gSa D;ksafd O;oLFkk ,d fl) vkSj v[kafMr vkKkdkfjrk pkgrh gS ftls dksbZ euq"; dHkh iw.kZ ugha dj ldrk gSA ^^Jki** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds drkjk ’kCn ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn ^^QVdkj]** ^^vfHk’kki** vFkok ^^ykur** Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g fdlh oLrq ;k O;fDr dk rhoz v:fp] uQjr ;k ?k`.kk ds lkFk izpaM cfg"dkj djus dks of.kZr djrk gSA LofxZd n`f"Vdks.k ls] tks ijes’oj dh O;oLFkk dks rksM+rs gSa] os ?k`f.kr gksrs gSa vkSj lc izdkj dh uQjr ds ;ksX; gksrs gSa( os mfpr bZ’ojh; izfr’kks/k ds fy;s vuko`r gksrs gSa vkSj ’kk’or fouk’k ds ;ksX; gksrs gSaA ;|fi ,slh Hkk"kk lalkj dks ?k`.kkLin yx ldrh gS vkSj dbZ


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mu yksxksa dks tks Lo;a dks elhgh ekurs gSa] ijarq ;g ckbcy dh Hkk"kk gS vkSj bls crk;k tkuk vko’;d gSA vxj f’k"Vkpkjo’k ge ckbcy ds bu dfBu lR;ksa dks le>kus vkSj O;k[;k djus ls badkj djrs gSa] rks ijes’oj ifo= ugha le>k tk;sxk ,oa euq"; Lo;a dh Hkh"k.k nqnZ’kk dks ugha le> ik;saxs vkSj elhg ds }kjk pqdk;s x;s ewY; ds izfr dHkh Hkh okLrfod <ax ls vkHkkj ugha O;Dr fd;k tk ldsxkA tc rd ge ;g le> u ys fd euq"; ds fy;s bZ’ojh; ’kki ds v/khu gksuk D;k gksrk gS] rc rd ge dnkfi ugha le> ik;saxs fd elhg dk ^^gekjs fy;s ’kkfir gks tkuk** D;k FkkA dyojh ij gekjs fy;s tks dqN fd;k x;k mlds [kkSQ vkSj lqanjrk dks ge dHkh iw.kZ :i ls le> ugha ik;saxs!

2- xykfr;ksa 3%13 ds vuqlkj] elhg us gesa ikiksa ls eqfDr fnykus ds fy;s D;k fd;k\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^êqfDr fnyk;h** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ,Dtkxksyk;tks ls fudyk gS] vFkkZr ^^fdlh ds v/khu fdlh oLrq ;k O;fDr dks NqM+kus ds fy;s ewY; pqdkukA** vDlj bldk mi;ksx fdlh dtZnkj ;k xqyke dks ewY; pqdkdj Lora= djokus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA elhg us vius Åij gekjs ikiksa dks ys fy;k vkSj bZ’ojh; vfHk’kki dk ik= cu x;k] rkfd vius yksxksa ds LFkku ij bls iw.kZ djus dk dk;Z dj ldsA og izpaMrk ds lkFk vijk/kh ds :i esa R;kxk x;k vkSj iki ds fo:) ifo= ijes’oj ds laiw.kZ Øks/k dks eglwl fd;kA mlus gekjs [kkfrj] bZ’ojh; naM dk lcls i`Fkd :i lgu fd;kA

3- bZ’ojh; Jki] bZ’ojh; vk’kh"k dk foykse ¼foijhr vFkZ esa½ gSA eRrh 5%3&12 esa ije vkuan ds o.kZu esa] ge ikrs gSa fd ijes’oj

ds le{k vk’khf"kr gksuk D;k gksrk gSA bu vk’kh"kksa dks igpkuus ls vkSj muds foijhr ¼foykse½ ckrksa ij fopkj djus ls] ge

lh[krs gSa fd elhg ds fy;s gekjs LFkku ij Jkfir dgykuk D;k gks ldrk FkkA

v- /kU; yksxksa dks L ______________ dk jkT; lkSaik x;k gS ¼in 3½] ijarq Jkfir yksxksa dks izos’k ls oafpr j[kk x;k gSA

iq= ’kki cuk

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c- /kU; yksxksa dks ijes’oj }kjk ’kka______________iznku dh x;h gS ¼in 4½] ijarq Jkfir bZ’ojh; dzks/k ds ik= gksaxsA

d- /kU; yksx i`Foh ds mRr______________ dgyk;saxs ¼in 5½] ijarq Jkfir dks blls i`Fkd dj fn;k x;k gSA

M- /kU; yksx r`______________ fd;s x;s gSa ¼in 6½] ijarq Jkfir nq%[kh vkSj ?k`.kk;ksX; gksaxsA

b- /kU; yksxksa ij n______________ dh tk;sxh ¼in 7½] ijarq Jkfir dks fueZerk ds lkFk naM feyrk gSA

bZ- /kU; yksx ijes______________ dks ns[ksaxs ¼in 8½] ijarq Jkfir mldh mifLFkfr ls nqj dj fn, tkrs gSaA

m- /kU; yksx ijes’oj ds iq______________ gSa ¼in 9½] ijarq Jkfir vuqxzgfofgu gksrs gSaA

fVIif.k;ka% dyojh ds dzwl ij] elhg us vius yksxksa ds ikiksa dks vius Åij ysdj bZ’ojh; Jki dks iwjh izcyrk ds lkFk lgu fd;kA og ijes’oj }kjk R;kxk x;k ¼eRrh 27%46½ vkSj vius yksxksa ds LFkku ij bZ’ojh; dzks/k dk I;kyk fi;k ¼eRrh 26%39] Hktu 75%8( f;eZ;kg 25%15&16½A mlus gekjs nq%[kksa dks mBk fy;k vkSj ijes’oj ds dzks/k dk ekjk gqvk vkSj nqnZ’kk esa iM+k gqvk Fkk ¼;’kk;kg 53%4½A gekjh [kkfrj] ijes’oj dks ;g Hkk;k fd og mls dqpys vkSj ihfM+r djsa ¼;’kk;kg 53%10½

4- fxurh 6%24&26 esa] gesa ijes’oj }kjk euq"; dks iznku dh x;h] lcls lqanj vk’kh"kksa dh izfrKk esa ls ,d feyrh gSA fQj Hkh]

;g vk’kh"k gekjs lkeus ,d cM+h /keZfoKkuh leL;k dks j[krh gSA dSls ,d /kehZ ijes’oj viuh /kkfeZdrk ls le>kSrk fd;s

fcuk] ikih yksxksa dks ,slh vk’kh"k lkSai ldrk gS\ iqu% mRrj elhg ds dzwl esa feyrk gS! ikih rHkh vk’khf"kr gks ldrk gS

D;ksafd elhg mlds LFkku ij Jkfir fd;k x;k! dksbZ Hkh vkSj fdlh izdkj dh Hkh vk’kh"k tks ijes’oj us dHkh vius yksxksa

dks iznku dh gks ;k dHkh Hkh djsxk D;ksafd elhg gekjs fy;s dzwl ij Jkfir gqvkA fxurh 6%24&26 esa iznRr gjsd vk’kh"k dks

igpkuus ls vkSj rc mlds foijhr ckrksa ij fopkj djus ls] ge bl ckjs esa dqN lh[k ldrs gSa fd gekjs LFkku ij Jki gks

tkuk elhg ds fy;s D;k FkkA

v- izHkq rq>s vk______________ nsos] vkSj rsjh j______________ djs ¼in 24½A ;g dsoy rHkh laHko gS D;ksafd firk us elhg dks Jki cuk;k vkSj mls u"V gksus ds fy;s ns fn;kA

c- izHkq vius eq[k dk izdk’k rsjs Åij p______________ vkSj rq> ij v______________ djs in 25A ;g dsoy rHkh laHko gS D;ksafd ijes’oj us viuh mifLFkfr dk izdk’k elhg ls gVk fy;k Fkk vkSj fcuk n;k fd;s vius fl) U;k; ds lkFk mls nafMr fd;kA

d- izHkq viuk eq[k rsjh vksj djs vkSj rq>s ’kka______________ ns in 26A ;g dsoy rHkh laHko gqvk] D;ksafd ijes’oj us elhg dh vksj ls vius eq[k dks Qsj fy;k Fkk vkSj viuk dzks/k ml ij mM+sy fn;k FkkA HktudrkZ ^^/kU;** mudks dgrk gS] tks


54

mldh mifLFkfr ds g"kZ ls vkuafnr fd;s x;s gSa ¼Hktu 21%6½ tks vkuan dh yydkj dks igpkurs gSa] vkSj mlds vuqxzg ds izdk’k esa pyrs gSa ¼Hktu 89%15½A gekjs fy,] elhg vius firk dh vuqifLFkfr }kjk nq%[kh fd;k x;k] mlus U;k; dh rqjgh dh [kkSQukd xwat dks tkuk vkSj ijes’oj dh vlguh; gk; ds le{k va/kdkj esa yVdk jgkA vkne ds nqHkkZX;iw.kZ p;u ds ifj.kke Lo#i laiw.kZ l`f"V Jki ds v/khu djkgrh gS vkSj Hkz"Vrk o fouk’k ds vf/ku dj nh xbZ gS ¼jksfe;ksa 8%20&22½A l`f"V dks eqDr djus ds fy;s] elhg vafre vkne us vius yksxksa ds iki vius Åij ys fy;s tks Hkh"k.k cks> rys djkg jgs FksA gekjk esyfeyki ijes’oj ls dsoy blfy, gks ik;k gS ¼jksfe;ksa 5%1½ D;ksafd elhg us ijes’oj }kjk gekjs iki ds fo:) NsM+s x;s ;q) dh izcyrk dks dyojh ds dzwl ij lgkA

5- Hktu 32%1&2 esa ¼if<+;s jksfe;ksa 4%7&8½] okLrfod :i ls vk’khf"kr O;fDr dk o.kZu nkÅn fdl izdkj djrk gS\ ,slh vk’kh"k

dSls laHko gS\

v- ftldk vijk/k______________ vkSj ftldk iki ______________ x;k gks! ¼in 1½ dSls ,d ifo= vkSj /kehZ ijes’oj iki dks <akidj /kehZ cuk jg ldrk gS\ ;g dsoy rHkh laHko gS D;ksafd elhg us gekjs iki dks vius Åij ys fy;k vkSj ijes’oj o LoxZ dh lsuk ds le{k vuko`r gks x;kA og euq";ksa ds lkeus foKkfir fd;k x;k vkSj LoxZnwrksa vkSj nq"VkRekvksa ds lkeus leku :i ls n’kZuh; cuk;k x;kA tks vijk/k mlus viuh nsg esa lgs] mUgsa {kek ugha fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj u gh mBk;s x;s ikiksa dks <kaik x;kA

c- izHkq ftlds v/keZ dk ys______________u ys vkSj ftls ik______________ u Bgjk;s ¼in 2½ A ;g dsoy rHkh laHko gqvk] tc dzwl ij gekjs iki elhg ds Åij v/;kjksfir dj fn;s x;sA vxj ,d O;fDr vk’khf"kr fxuk x;k gS rks dsoy blfy, D;ksafd mldk v/keZ mlij ugha fxuk x;k] rks le>k tk ldrk gS fd elhg vlhfer :i esa ’kkfir cuk;k x;k] D;ksafd ge lc ds v/keZ dk cks> ml ij ykn fn;k x;k ¼;’kk;kg 53%6½A

6- O;oLFkkfooj.k ds lRrkblosa vkSj vkB~Bkblosa v/;k; esa] ijes’oj us btjk;y ns’k dks nks vyx lewgksa esa ckaV fn;kA mlus

,d lewg dks fxfjTthe ioZr ij j[kk vkSj nwljs dks ,cky ioZr ij j[kkA fxfjTthe ioZr ds lewg dks] ijes’oj dh vkKk

ikyu djus okys yksxksa dks feyus okyh vk’kh"kksa dks ?kksf"kr djus dh vkKk gqbZ ¼O;oLFkkfooj.k 28%1&14½A tks ,cky ioZr ij

Fks mUgsa bZ’ojh; U;k; ds rgr vukKkdkfj;ksa ds Åij iM+us okys Hk;kud Jkiksa dks ?kksf"kr djus dh vkKk gqbZ ¼O;oLFkkfooj.k

28%15&68½A

v- ckbcy gekjs iki ds fo"k; esa tks fl[kkrh gS] mlds lanHkZ esa nks ioZrksa esa ls dkSulk ioZr gels lcls vf/kd laca/k j[krk gS\ gekjs dk;ksZ ds izdk’k esa] D;k LofxZd vk’kh"ksa vFkok LofxZd Jki gekjs Åij ykxw gksus pkfg;s\ vius mRrj dks le>kb;sA

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iq= ’kki cuk

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c- O;oLFkkfooj.k 29%20&21] ijes’oj iqu% ,cky ioZr ls fn;s tkus okys naM dks crkrk vkSj lkjxfHkZr djrk gSA bl in ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj mldh O;oLFkk ds izzfr vukKkdkjh jgus okys ds fo:) vkSj ijes’oj dh okpk rksM+us okys ds fy;s D;k ?kks"k.kk djrk gS\

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d- elhg dk dyojh ij nq%[k mBkuk vkSj mudh e`R;q fdl rjg gesa ,sls U;k; ls cpkrh gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% dyojh ij] elhgk nq%[k mBkus ds fy;s ^^pquk x;k** vkSj ^^gjsd Jki** tks O;oLFkk dh iqLrd esa fy[kk gqvk gS mlds Åij vk iM+kA ;|fi elhg ds ikl fxfjTthe dh gjsd vk’kh"k ysus dk vf/kdkj Fkk] rkSHkh ,cky ioZr ls mlds vius firk mlds fo:) xjts tc og dyojh ds dzwl ij yVdk;k x;kA og ,d euq"; ds leku Jkfir Bgjk;k x;k tks ewfrZ cukrk gS vkSj mls xqIr esa LFkkfir djrk gSA og mlds leku Jkfir Bgjk;k x;k tks vius firk ;k ekrk dk vuknj djrk gS] ;k tks fdlh va/ks dks ekxZ ls HkVdkrk gSA og mlds leku Jkfir fd;k x;k tks fdlh ijns’kh] vukFk ;k fo/kok dk U;k; fcxkM+rk gSA og mlds leku Jkfir fd;k x;k tks gj izdkj dh vuSfrdrk vkSj fod`fr dk nks"kh gks] tks vius iM+kslh dks xqIr esa ?kkr djrk gS vFkok fdlh eklwe ij izgkj djus ds fy;s ?kwl Lohdkj djrk gSA og ,sls Jkfir fd;k x;k ekuks O;oLFkk esa fy[kh ckrksa dks iw.kZ ugha djrk gks ¼O;oLFkkfooj.k 27%15&26½ A uhfropu 26%2 dgrk gS] ^^vdkj.k fn;k x;k ’kki ugha BgjrkA** fdUrq] ’kki ikifoghu elhg ds Åij vk iM+k D;ksafd mlus vius yksxksa ds ikiksa dks ijes’oj ds U;k; naM ds vkxs mBk fy;kA

56


v/;k; 10% iq= us ijes’oj ds Øks/k dks lgk

izkjaHk ds v/;k;ksa esa] geus ik;k Fkk fd elhg us gekjs iki vkSj gekjs Jki dks vius Åij mBk fy;k] tc og ijes’oj ds le{k dzwl ij Vkaxk x;kA bl v/;k; esa] ge lh[ksaxs fd elhg us gekjs iki dks blfy, mBk;k rkfd og iki ds fo:) ijes’oj ds dzks/k dks lg ldsA ,slk djus esa] og ijes’oj ds U;k; dh ekax dks larq"V djrk gS vkSj bl ckr dks laHko cukrk gS fd ijes’oj /kehZ vkSj ikih euq"; dks /kehZ Bgjkusokyk nksuks gh cu lds ¼jksfe;ksa 3%25&26½A

elhg ijes'oj }kjk R;kxk x;k

ijes’oj ds dzks/k dk ,d igyw ;g Fkk fd elhg us ijes’oj firk }kjk R;kxk tkuk ;k vyxko dks lgu fd;k FkkA ijes’oj uSfrd :i ls fl) gSa vkSj leLr cqjkbZ ls ijs gSaA mlds fy;s ;g vlaHko gS fd og iki ls vkuafnr gks ;k tks v/kehZiu dk fuokZg djrs gSa] mudh laxfr esa cus jgsA blds dkj.k] ijes’oj ds yksxksa dk iki ,d cM+h vkSj vHks| nhokj cudj [kM+k gqvk ftlus ijes’oj ds lkFk laxfr dks vlaHko esa cny fn;kA ijes’oj vkSj euq"; ds e/; bl cM+s vyxko dks lq/kkjus ds fy;s] elhg gekjs LFkku ij [kM+s gq, vkSj gekjs ikiksa dk nks"k ogu fd;k ,oa ijes’oj }kjk R;kxs x;s tc rd fd gekjs ikiksa dk naM iwjh rjg pqdk;k ugha x;kA

1- ckbcy ijes’oj ds fo"k; esa gcDdwd 1%13 esa D;k ?kksf"kr djrh gS\

v- mldh vka[ksa bruh ’kq______________ gSa fd cq______________ns[k gh ugha ldrhA

c- og nq______________ij n`______________ugha dj ldrk A

2- ;’kk;kg 59%2 ds vuqlkj] iki fdl izdkj] ijes’oj dh euq"; ds lkFk laxfr dks izHkkfor djrk gS\ D;k ijes’oj nq"V ds lkFk

laxfr dj ldrk gS\

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iq= us ijes’oj ds Øks/k dks lgk

57

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fVIif.k;ka% euq"; dh lrr ifrr voLFkk vkSj ijs’kkuh ijes’oj ds O;fDrRo esa fdlh deh ds dkj.k ugha gSA ;g rks euq"; dk iki gS tks mlds vkSj ijes’oj ds e/; jlkry dks fufeZr djrk gS( iki vHks| nhokj dks fufeZr djrk gSA euq"; dh ijs’kkuh dk lPpk vijk/kh Lo;a euq"; gS & ,slk ijes’oj ds O;fDrRo ds izfr mldh ’k=qrk vkSj ijes’oj dh vkKk ds izfr mlds fonzksghiu ds dkj.k gSA

3- bfQfl;ksa 2%12 esa ikih dks fdl rjg of.kZr fd;k x;k gS\

v- elhg ls v______________A ;g ;wukuh ’kCn dksfjl ls fy;k x;k gS] tks vyxko vkSj Lora=rk dks iznf’kZr djrk gSA ikih euq";] vyx gksdj jgrk gS vFkok leLr thou] vkuan vkSj ’kkafr ds nkrk ls Lora=r gksdj jgrk gSA

c- btjk;y dh iztk dgyk;s tkus ls oa______________A ;g ;wukuh ’kCn viksyksfVª;ks ls fy;k x;k gS] vFkkZr ^î`Fkd ;k foeq[k gksukA** ikih tu ijes’oj ds yksxksa ls i`Fkd gks tkrk gSA

d- izfrKk dh xbZ okpkvksa ds Hkkxh______________ u FksA ;g ;wukuh ’kCn thuksl ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ,d vtuch vFkok ijns’khA ikih tu ijes’oj dh leLr izfrKkvksa ls vatku jgrk gSA

M- vk’kk______________ rFkk lalkj esa ijes’______________FksA laHkor% euq"; ds iki dk lcls vf/kd Mjkous okyk ifj.kke gSA

4- ijes’oj ds yksxksa dk iki ,d vHks| nhokj cudj [kM+k Fkk ftlus ijes’oj ds lkFk laxfr dks vlaHko cuk fn;k FkkA ijes’oj

vkSj mlds yksxksa ds e/;] bl cM+s vyxko dks lq/kkjus ds fy;s] elhg gekjs LFkku ij [kM+k gqvk] gekjs iki vius Åij fy;s

vkSj ijes’oj }kjk R;kx fn;k x;kA mlus ijes’oj dh foeq[krk dks lgk vkSj mldh vuqdwy mifLFkfr ls oafpr jgk tc rd

fd iki dk naM iw.kZ :i ls pqdk;k ugha x;kA eRrh 27%45&46 esa bl lR; dks fdl izdkj le>k;k x;k gS\

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58

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fVIif.k;ka% dzwl ij ls ;h’kq dh iqdkj ;gka bczkuh vkSj vjkeh esa ntZ dh x;h gSA ,yh bczkuh ’kCn gS] ijarq ’ks"k vjkeh Hkk"kk esa gSA ejdql laiw.kZ foyki dks vjkeh Hkk"kk esa ntZ djrk gS ¼ejdql 15%34½A ^^R;kxk x;k** ’kCn] ;wukuh ’kCn ,dkVkyk;iks ls vuqokfnr gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^R;kxuk] NksM+uk] cqjh n’kk esa NksM+ukA**

5- eRrh 27%46 esa] ;h’kq nkÅn ds Hktu 22%1&18 ls m)j.k ns jgk FkkA bl ikB dks iwjk if<+;s vkSj rc fuEufyf[kr iz’uksa ds

mRrj nhft;sA

v- in 1&2 esa elhg dh dkSulh iqdkj ;k f’kdk;r Fkh\ bldk D;k vFkZ gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^R;kxk x;k** ’kCn bczkuh ’kCn vktk;c ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^NksM+uk] ifjR;kx djuk] rtuk] NksM+ nsukA** nkÅn us mldh ijh{kk dh ?kM+h esa] ijes’oj dh vuqifLFkfr dk vuqHko fd;k Fkk( ijarq dsoy elhg us iw.kZ ifjek.k ls fcYdqy gh NksM+s tkus dk vuqHko fd;kA ^^djkguk** ’kCn bczkuh ’kCn 'khgkx ls fudyk gS] tks ’kkfCnd :i ls ’ksj ds leku ^^ngkM+** dks crkrk gSA elhg dh rhoz O;Fkk dh iqdkj dzwl ls Hk;kud ngkM+ ds leku QwV fudyhA mldh ryk’k vuojr Fkh( mldh iqdkj LFkk;h Fkh( mldh O;Fkk vkdyu ls ijs FkhA vkleku dkaL; o.khZ; gks pyk FkkA ijes’oj dh vksj ls dksbZ izfrfdz;k ugha Fkh( dsoy pqIih vkSj elhg ds fiz; tu dh mifLFkfr dk vHkko FkkA ge iki ds dkj.k ijes’oj ls vyx gks x;s FksA bl vyxko dks lekIr djus ds fy;s vkSj gesa iqu% ijes’oj dh vuqdwy mifLFkfr esa ykus ds fy;s] ;g vko’;d Fkk fd elhg Hk;kog rkSj ij ijes’oj }kjk R;kxs tkus dk vuqHko djs] tks okLro esa gekjs fy;s Bgjk;k x;k FkkA


59

c- in 3 vkSj 6 esa elhg ds ’kCnksa ds vuqlkj] D;ksa ijes’oj us mls R;kx fn;k ;k mlls eqag Qsj fy;k Fkk\

1- rq i______________ gS ¼in 3½

fVIif.k;ka% vFkkg ihM+k Hkksxus ds e/;] elhg] ijes’oj dh ifo=rk esa vius vfopy fo’okl dks ?kksf"kr djrk gSA ijes’oj }kjk mls R;kxs tkus ds ihNs ,d U;k;iw.kZ vkSj ifo= dkj.k Fkk & og mlds yksxksa ds iki ogu djus okyk cu pqdk Fkk vkSj ijes’oj ds ifo= dzks/k dk ik= FkkA

2- eS rks dh______________gqWa e______________ughaA

fVIif.k;ka% ;|fi] og ,d fl) euq"; Fkk] og ikih cuk;k x;k ¼2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%21½ vkSj Jkfir dgyk;k ¼xykfr;ksa 3%13½ A ;|fi] og csnkx esEuk Fkk ¼1 irjl 1%19½] og futZu esa Åaps ij p<+k;k x;k liZ Hkh cuk ¼;wgUuk 3%14½] ,d dhM+k cuk] euq"; ughaA ;|fi fxfjTte ioZr dh leLr vk’kh"ksa mlds Åij mM+sy nh tkuh Fkh] fdarq ,cky ioZr ds lkjs naM mlds flj ij m.M+sy fn;s x;sA

elhg us bZ'ojh; Øks/k dks lgk

elhg us bZ’ojh; Øks/k dks lgk] bldk vFkZ R;kxs tkus ls c<+dj Fkk ¼vFkkZr ijes’oj dh vuqdwy mifLFkfr ls oafpr gksuk½( bldk ;g vFkZ Hkh gS fd og ijes’oj ds U;k; naM dk ekjk gqvk FkkA ijes’oj dh vkKk dk mYya?ku gqvk FkkA bZ’ojh; naM dks fd;s x;s vijk/kksa ds vuqlkj vkaduk FkkA U;k; dks larq"V gksuk Fkk( iSekus dks larqfyr gksuk FkkA dzwl ij] elhg us mlds yksxksa dk vijk/k ogu fd;k] ijes’oj }kjk R;kxk x;k vkSj mlds naMkRed U;k; vkSj dzks/k dks iw.kZ ifjek.k esa lgu fd;kA

1- Hktu 7%11&13 ikih ds fo:) ijes’oj ds dzks/k dh okLrfodrk ds ckjs esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^dksi** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk dh fdz;k tSvke ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] vkjksi yxkuk] dksi O;Dr djuk] ;k ?k`f.kr le>uk gS] mlds izfr dzksf/kr gksukA** ifo= vkSj /kehZ gksus ds dkj.k] vius O;fDrRo o izd`fr ds fojks/k esa laiw.kZ dzks/k ds lkFk ijes’oj dh ?k`.kk vko’;d FkhA ijes’oj dk dksi mkds izse vkSj d#.kk ds leku gh mlds pfj= dk vfHkUu igyq gSA vxj ,d euq"; ijes’oj ds O;fDrRo vkSj bPNk ds fojks/k esa fujarj dk;Z djrk gS] rc ijes’oj dk U;k;laxr dzks/k fuf’pr gSA p<+k gqvk rhj vkSj /kkj dh x;h ryokj dk lanHkZ] ijes’oj ds U;k; djus dh rRijrk dks iznf’kZr djrs gSaA rS;kfj;ka gks pqdh gSa% mldh ryokj rst dj nh x;h gS] mldk /kuq"k rku fn;k x;k gS vkSj mlds rhj lqyx pqds gSaA LoxZ dh lsuk dk lsukifr ifo= ;q) ds fy;s rS;kj gks pqdk gSA dsoy ijes’oj dh lgu’khyrk mlds dzks/k dks lalkj ij izxV gksus ls jksds gq, gSA

2- Hktu 7%11&13 esa] HktudRkkZ gesa vk’oklu nsrk gS fd ijes’oj dk dzks/k ckbcy dh lR;rk gS vkSj og mlds dzks/k dh rhozrk

dks crkus ds fy;s] ;q) ds fy;s /kuq"k vkSj /kkj okyh ryokj tSlh miek dk iz;ksx djrk gSA tc dHkh ijes’oj ds U;k; vkSj

ifo=rk dk lkeuk euq"; dh cqjkbZ ls gksrk gS] rks bldk ifj.kke bZ’ojh; ?k`.kk vkSj dksi gksrk gSA gesa ijes’oj ds U;k; dh

ryokj ls cpkus ds fy;s] ;g vko’;d Fkk fd ijes’oj dk Lo;a dk iq= gekjs LFkku ij ml izgkj dks vius Åij ysrkA

tdZ;kg 13%7 esa ijes’oj viuh ryokj dks D;k djus dh vkKk nsrk gS\ fdlds fo:) vkKk nh x;h gS\ ;g gesa elhg ds

dyojh ij d"V lgus ds fo"k; esa D;k crkrh gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% Hktu 7%11&13 esa] ijes’oj ds U;k; ds fy;s ryokj dk lanHkZ fn;k x;k gSA okD;ka’k ^êsjk pjokgk** elhgk dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA tdZ;kg 11%15&17 ds ew[kZ pjokgs ds foijhr] og vPNk pjokgk gS ¼;wgUuk 10%11]14½A okD;ka’k ^êsjk lg;ksxh** bczkuh ’kCn vkfeFk ds vuqokn ls fy;k x;k gS] tks ,d lkFkh] fe= ;k iM+kslh dks iznf’kZr djrk gSA elhg ds lanHkZ esa] ;g in fo’ks"k vFkZ fy;s gq, gSA og firk dk iq=] lg;ksxh vkSj ?kfu"B lkFkh gSA og vkSj firk ,d gSa ¼;wgUUkk 10%30½A iq= dh e`R;q ijes’oj dh lkoZHkkSfed bPNk dk dk;Z gSA ;g firk Fks ftUgksaus viuh


61

ryokj iq= ds fo:) mBk;hA eRrh] elhg dh e`R;q vkSj mlds psyksa ds fc[kjko dks eRrh 26%31 esa m)j.k nsdj crkrk gSA

3- ;’kk;kg 53 esa] ge elhg dk ,d ltho fp=.k ikrs gSa tks ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds ikiksa ds izfr ijes’oj ds dzzks/k dks lgu dj

jgk gSA fuEu inks ds vuqlkj] elhg Fkk%

v- 3- ijes’oj dk ek______________ gqvk in 4A ;g bczkuh ’kCn ukxs ls fudyk gS ftldk vFkZ gS] ^êkjuk] fxjkuk] ihM+k nsuk ;k ihVukA** ijes’oj us vius U;k; dh ryokj dks lpsr fd;k vkSj gekjs LFkku ij naM lgus okys ds Åij izgkj fd;kA

c- ijes’oj }kjk nq______________ esa Mkyk gqvk in 4A ;g bczkuh ’kCn uk[kk ls fudyk gS ftldk vFkZ gS] ^êkjuk]?kk;y djuk] ;k ekj MkyukA** ftUgksaus elhg dks ejrs gq, ns[kk Fkk] mUgksaus mls lpeqp] ijes’oj }kjk R;kxk x;k ns[kkA ijarq os ;g vkdyu djus esa xyr Fks fd ;g muds ikiksa ds dkj.k gks jgk gS] u fd elhg ds ikiksa ds dkj.kA

d- ijes’oj }kjk nq______________ ls lrk;k gqvk in 4A ;gk bczkuh ’kCn vukg ls fudyk gS ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^nq%[k nsuk] ijs’kkuh esa Mkyuk] dqpyukA** ijes’oj us elhg dks ml dzks/k ds lkFk rc rd ihfM+r fd;k tc rd fd iki dk naM iwjk ugha pqdk;k x;kA

M- gekjs vijk/kksa ds dkj.k ______________ x;k in 5A ;g bczkuh ’kCn [ky;ky ls fy;k x;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS fdlh izdkj ls HksnukA elhgk ds dzwlhdj.k ds le; ;g ’kkfCnd :i ls iw.kZ gqvk D;ksafd mls dhyksa vkSj Hkkys ls Nsnk x;k FkkA ;g miek Lo:i iw.kZ fd;k x;k D;ksafd elhg dks mlds firk dh vuqifLFkfr vkSj mlds dzks/k ds izokg ds }kjk Nsnk x;kA

b- gekjs v/keZ ds dkeksa ds dkj.k dqpyk x;k in 5A ;g bczkuh ’kCn Mk[kk ls fy;k x;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS ^^rksM+uk] VqdM+s esa rksM+uk] dqpyuk] pksV igqapkuk] u"V djuk] fc[kjk nsuk ;k ihM+k nsukA** elhg ds ej.k ij pVVkusa nks Hkkx esa VwV x;h Fkh eRrh 27%51] ;g ijes’oj ds dzks/k dk nqcZy izLrqrhdj.k Fkk ftlus elhg dks dyojh ij dqpykA

bZ- gekjh ’kkafr ds ds fy;s ml ij rk______________ iM+h in 5A ;g bczkuh ’kCn eqlkj ls fy;k x;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS ^^rkM+uk] vuq’kkflr djuk] lq/kkjuk ;k QVdkjukA elhg us dzwl ij ftl n.M dks lgk og firk }kjk iq= dks lq/kkjus ds fy;s nh x;h rkM+uk ugha Fkh] vfirq ,d U;k;k/kh’k }kjk vijk/kh dks naMkRed vkSj izfr’kks/k Lo:i nh x;h rkM+uk FkhA

m- mlds dks______________ge paxs gq, in 5A ;g bczkuh ’kCn [kkcqjkg ls fy;k x;k gS ftldk ;g vFkZ Hkh gks ldrk gS ^^dksM+s ekjuk] ?kk;y djuk ;k pksV igqapkukA** elhg gekjs LFkku ij [kM+s gqvk vkSj ijes’oj ds dzks/k ds dkj.k dksM+s dh ekj [kkbZ] og ltk tks gekjs fy;s FkhA


62

4- lqlekpkjksa esa] elhg ds canh cuk;s tkus vkSj dzwl ij p<+k;s tkus ds iwoZ] xSrlseuh esa dh x;h izkFkZuk fy[kh gqbZ feyrh gSA

laHkor% elhg ds thou esa dksbZ vkSj ?kVuk bruh Li"Vr% ls ijes’oj ds dzks/k ds dkj.k dyojh ds dzwl ij feyus okyh Hk;kud

ihM+k dk fu:i.k ugha dj ldrhA ywdk dh iqLrd 22%41&44 esa ntZ ?kVuk;sa gesa elhg ds dyojh ij vkus okys nq%[k ds ckjs

esa D;k crkrh gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ml vdFkuh; nq%[k dk] tks elhg ds fy;s dyojh ij jkg ns[k jgk Fkk] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ls fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gS% 1- elhg dh og ;kpuk tks dgrh gS fd nq%[k dk og I;kyk mlds lkeus ls gVk fn;k tk;s( 2- LoxZnwrksa dh mifLFkfr] tks dzwl dh rS;kjh ds fy;s mldks rkdr nsus ds fy;s Fkh( 3- og lR; fd elhg us izkFkZuk esa cgqr rh{.krk vkSj xgu ihM+k ds lkFk la?k"kZ fd;k ¼^^xgu ihM+k** ’kCn ;wukuh ,xksfu;k ls fudyrk gS] ftldk mi;ksx vDlj dljrh vH;kl ;k dq’rh ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS( bldk vuqokn ^^ larki** ds :i esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS½ vkSj 4- ;g lR; fd elhg dk ygw ilhus dh cwanksa ds leku Vid jgk FkkA esMhdy ’kCnkoyh esa bl vafre fLFkfr dks fgesVhMªksfVl dgrs gSaA ,slk rc gksrk gS tc Hk;kud euLrki ;k ’kkjhfjd ihM+k ds le; jDr ilhus ds lkFk fefJr gks tkrk gSA

5- ml I;kys esa fdruh Hk;kog lkexzh gksxh tks elhg dks euksLrki esa rhu ckj izkFkZuk djus ds fy;s fopfyr djrh gS fd mls

og I;kyk u ihuk iM+s\ blesa ek=] nq"Vksa ds gkFkksa ls feyus okyh csifjek.k dzwjrk gh lfEefyr ugha Fkh] ijarq blesa ijes’oj

dk dzks/k Hkh lfEefyr Fkk! fuEufyf[kr in ml I;kys ls maM+sys tkus okys ijes’oj ds dzks/k dks izxV djrs gSa] ;s crkrs gS fd

;g og dzks/k gS tks elhg dks dzwl ij ihuk FkkA vius Lo;a ds ’kCnksa esa] izR;sd in dks lkjxfHkZr djsaA

v- Hktu- 11%5&6

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63

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fVIif.k;ka% tSls vk’kh"ksa /kehZ ds fy;s I;kyk ;k mldk Hkkx gksrh gS ¼Hktu 23%5½] oSls gh nq"V ds fy;s og I;kyk ;k mldk Hkkx Bgjk;k x;k gSA ;g Hk;kog I;kyk gksrk gS vkSj mlesa dk Hkkx ?kkrd gksrk gSA dzwl ij] ijes’oj ds iq= us I;kyk fy;k tks I;kyk ijes’oj ds yksxksa dks ihuk Fkk vkSj mlus ml I;kys dks ryNV rd ih;kA

c- Hktu- 75%8

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fVIif.k;ka% ;g og ijes’oj gS tks nq"V ds fy;s dzks/k dks Bgjkrk vkSj rS;kj djrk gSA ^^ ryNV rd** ’kCn] bczkuh ’kCn 'ksej ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn ^^’ks"k** Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d ’kjkc dh cksry dh ryNV ;k vo’ks"k dh vksj ladsr djrk gSA nq"V dks ml I;kys ds var rd dh gj dM+oh cwan dks ihuk gksxkA dzwl ij] ijes’oj dk iq= ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds LFkku ij [kM+k gqvk] ijes’oj ds gkFk ls dzks/k dk I;kyk fy;k vkSj ml dh ,d ,d cwan dks ih;kA iki ds fo:)] ijes’oj ds dzks/k ls Hkjs ml I;kys dh izR;sd cwan elhg ij [kkyh dh x;hA

6- elhg us tks Hk;kud dzks/k dzwl ij lgk] ml ij fopkj djus ds ckn gesa iqu% ,d ckj bl ckr ij tksj nsuk pkfg;s fd mldk

nq%[k Hkksxuk ijes’oj dh rhoz bPNk Fkh vkSj og ek/;e Fkk ftlds }kjk ijes’oj ds yksxksa dks m)kj iznku fd;k x;kA ;’kk;kg

53%10 gesa bl lR; ds ckjs esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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64

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fVIif.k;ka% ^îzHkq** ’kh"kZd bczkuh ’kCn ;kgos ;k tsgksok ls vuqokfnr fd;k x;k gSA ;g Lo;a ijes’oj ds lanHkZ esa iz;qDr fd;k x;k gSA izsfjrkas ds dk;Z 2%23 ds vuqlkj] elhg ^îjes’oj dh iwoZfu;ksftr ;kstuk vkSj iwoZKku }kjk** R;kxk x;k FkkA ^^Hkk;k** ;g ’kCn] bczkuh ’kCn [kWQsVl ls fy;k x;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^blesa vkuafnr gksuk] fdlh ls izlUu gksuk] ;k bPNk djukA** firk us vius dzks/k ds laiw.kZ Hkkj rys Lo;a ds iq= dks dqpyus ds }kjk] dksbZ mnkl djus okyk vkuan ugha izkIr fd;k( ijarq elhg ds nq%[k Hkksxus vkSj ej.k ls] ijes’oj dh bPNk iw.kZ gqbZ] mlds yksxksa ds fy;s eqfDr dk ekxZ [kqy x;k vkSj blls firk izlUu gqvkA ^dqpyuk** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds ^Mk[kk**’kCn ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^dqpyuk] ihM+k nsuk] VqdM+ksa esa rksM+ nsukA** elhg firk ds }kjk dqpyk x;k vkSj nq%[k esa Mkyk x;k rkfd mlds nq%[k mBkus o ej.k ls mlds yksx cpk;s tk;saA

65


v/;k; 11% iq= ej x;k

dyojh ij elhg us tks vfo’oluh; nq%[k lgu fd;k] mruk gekjs ikiksa dk ewY; pqdkus ds fy;s i;kZIr ugha FkkA iki dh etnwjh e`R;q gS( lks elhg ds fy;s ejuk vko’;d FkkA

ge e`R;q ds v/khu gSa

ckbcy esa izkjafHkd o.kZu ls gh] e`R;q euq"; ds iki ds izfr fd;s x;s ijes’oj ds U;k; dk ifj.kke ekuh x;h gS ¼mRifRr 2%17½A izR;sd lekf/k LraHk gekjh ifrr ekuork ds izfr ijes’oj ds U;k; dk izxVhdj.k gSA bldk ges’kk gh ;g vFkZ ugha gksrk gS fd dqN yksx nwljksa dh rqyuk esa tYnh ej tkrs gSa D;ksafd os vf/kd ikih gksrs gSaA ,sls cPps Hkh gksrs gSa tks fcuk dksbZ iki fd;s xHkZ esa gh ej tkrs gSa] vkSj ,sls Hkh gSa tks ijes’oj ds izfr n’kdksa rd fonzksgh cus jgrs gSaA bldk ljy lk vFkZ gS fd geesa ls izR;sd ifrr ekuork dk ,d Hkkx gS vkSj e`R;q gekjs fo:) fd;s x;s ijes’oj ds U;k; dk izrhd gSA

1- jksfe;ksa 5%12 ds vuqlkj] dSls e`R;q us ijes’oj ds cuk;s gq, lalkj esa izos’k fd;k\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^,d euq";** vkne ds lanHkZ esa dgk x;k gSA ckbcy dh ;g Li"V xokgh gS fd e`R;q izkd`frd ?kVuk ugha gS] ijarq iki ds fo:) fn;s x;s ijes’oj ds U;k; dk ifj.kke gSA blus vkne ds iki }kjk lalkj esa izos’k fd;k vkSj vkne dh ihf<+;ksa QSy xbZ ¼in 15 vkSj 17 dks Hkh if<+;s½A


66

2- gesa le>uk vko’;d gS fd e`R;q iki dk ek= ,d izkd`frd ifj.kke ugha gS ftlls ijes’oj dk nwj nwj rd dksbZ laca/k ugha gSA

ckbcy ds vuqlkj] izR;sd euq"; dh e`R;q ijes’oj ds lkoZHkkSfed fo/kku ds vuqlkj gksrh gSA mlus u dsoy izR;sd euq"; dh

e`R;q dk ,d fuf’pr fnu r; dj j[kk gS] cfYd og bls ewrZ :i Hkh nsxkA O;oLFkkfooj.k 32%39] 1 ’kew,y 2%6 vkSj bczkfu;ksa

9%27 bl lR; ds fo"k; esa gesa D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

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3- laiw.kZ ckbcy esa] e`R;q euq"; ds iki ds ifj.kke ds :i esa ns[kh x;h gSA pkgs ;g vkne dk v/;kjksfir fd;k x;k iki gks ;k

izR;sd O;fDr dh O;fDrxr v/kkfeZdrk gks] fl)kar leku gh gS% lHkh euq"; iki djrs gSa vr% lHkh euq"; ejrs gSaA fuEu in

gesa bl lR; ds fo"k; esa D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

v- ;gst- 18%4] 20

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c- jksfe;ksa 6%23

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iq= ej x;k

67

4- ;’kk;kg 64%6 esa] e`R;q vkSj euq"; ds iki ds e/; laca/k dfork dh ’kSyh esa fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s

tc rd fd vki bl dh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;saA euq"; dh uSfrd Hkz"Vrk dk o.kZu fdl izdkj fd;k x;k gS\

euq"; dh uSfrd Hkz"Vrk vkSj iki ds lfdz; vuqxeu ds vVy ifj.kke D;k gSa\

Eklhg dh e`R;q dh vko';drk

geus ijes’oj dh vkKk dks rksM+k gS vkSj ge e`R;q vkSj udZ ds Hkkxhnkj gSaA gekjh {kek vlaHko gS tc rd fd gekjs ikiksa dk ewY; ugha pqdk;k tk;s vkSj ijes’oj ds U;k; dh mfpr ekaxksa dks iw.kZ ugha fd;k tk;sA ;g ;h’kq elhg ds lqlekpkj dk eq[; dsanz gSA mlus gekjs ikikssa dks mBk fy;k vkSj gekjs LFkku ij ej x;k] ,d ifo= ijes’oj vkSj mlds ifo= O;oLFkk dh ekax ds dkj.k mlus nq%[k mBk;kA

1- elhg us dzwl ij] gekjs iki dks mBk fy;k vkSj gekjs LFkku ij ijes’oj dk dzks/k lgkA mldh e`R;q us] ml vkKk dh ekax

dks larq"V fd;k] ftldk geus mYya?ku fd;k Fkk vkSj elhg us gekjs fy;s {kek dks laHko cuk;kA inksa dk fuEufyf[kr lkj

gesa bl lR; dks le>us esa lgk;d jgsxkA

v- ge lc us ik______________ fd;k gS ¼jksfe;ks 3%23½] ijarq ;gksok us ge lc ds v______________ dk cks> elhg ij ykn fn;k ¼;’kk- 53%6½A

c- ge gekjs iki ds dkj.k ’kk______________ ds v/khu Fks ¼xykfr;ksa 3%10½] ijarq elhg us gesa mlls NqM+k;k vkSj Lo;a gekjs fy, ’kkfir cuk ¼xykfr;ksa 3%13½A

d- gekjs v/keZ ds dkeksa gh us gesa ijes’oj ls v______________ dj fn;k ¼;’kk- 59%2½] ijarq Øwl ij gekjs cnys elhg dks R;k______________ x;k ¼eRrh 27%46½A

M- ge rks ,d ifo= ijes’oj ds naM vkSj Øks/k ds yk;d gS] ijarq Øwl gekjs v______________ ds dkj.k naM feyk vkSj gekjs v/keZ ds fy, elhg ’kk______________ gqvk ¼;’kk- 53%5½A

b- iki dh etnwjh rks ______________ gS] ijarq Øwl ij elhg ,d gh ckj esa gekjs ikiksa ds fy, ______________ vFkkZr /kehZ tu ______________ ds fy,] rkfd gesa ijes’oj ds fudV ys vk, ¼1 irjl 3%18½

2- 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%14 esa] gesa /keZ’kkL= ds lqlekpkj dh lcls iw.kZ vkSj lkjxfHkZr ifjHkk"kk feyrh gSA bl in ds vuqlkj] /keZ’kkL=

ds lqlekpkj ds rhu eq[; rRo D;k gSa\


68

v- /keZ’kkL= ds vuqlkj elhg gekjs iki ds fy;s ______________ ¼in 3½A ;gka ge ns[krs gSa fd elhg ds fy;s dsoy dyojh ds dzwl ij ijes’oj ds dzks/k dks lguk gh vko’;d ugha Fkk] ijarq og okLro esa gekjs iki ds fy;s ejrs gSaA

c- elhg xk______________ ¼in 4½A bls ek= elhg dh e`R;q vkSj iqu:RFkku dks tksM+us okyh voLFkk ifjorZudkfyd n’kk ds :i esa ns[kuk xyr gksrkA elhg dk xkM+k tkuk mldh e`R;q dh okLrfodrk ij tksj nsus ds dkj.k of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA og okLro esa ejk Fkk blfy;s og okLro esa xkM+k x;kA

d- ifo=’kkL= ds vuqlkj elhg rhljs fnu ______________ ¼in 4½A ;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk :[k gekjs lqlekpkj izLrqrhdj.k ds var rd cnyuk ugha pkfg;s] mls bl rjg izLrqr ugha djuk gS] fd tSls ;g dksbZ ckn esa mitk fopkj ;k vuko’;d ckr gksA izsfjrksa dh iqLrd esa] iqu#RFkku dh ?kks"k.kk dks izkFkfed LFkku fn;k x;k gS!

3- pkjksa lqlekpkj ys[kd ;h’kq dh e`R;q dk o.kZu djus esa lko/kku gSaA ;gka rd fd muds o.kZu Hkh laf{kIr gSa] rFkkfi fuf’pr gSA

bu o.kZuksa esa ls izR;sd dk if<+;s% eRrh 27%50( ejdql 15%37( ywdk 23%46( ;wgUuk 19%30A os dqN izeq[k fopkj dkSu ls gSa ftUgsa

izxV fd;k x;k gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% lqlekpkj ds o.kZu esa] nks ckrsa izxV dh x;h gS% 1- elhg dh e`R;q dh lPpkbZ & iki dh etnwjh e`R;q gS] vkSj elhg us vius yksxksa ds iki dk naM muds LFkku ij ejus ds }kjk pqdk;k & vkSj 2- elhg dh laizHkwrk mldh e`R;q ds Åij ______________ mlus viuk vkRek v/khu dj fn;k ;k lkSai fn;k ¼eRrh 27%50( ;wgUuk 19%30½ ( mlus viuk vkRek vius firk ds gkFkksa lkSai fn;k ¼ywdk 23%46½A elhg ,d vfuPNqd ’kghn ds :i esa ugha ejk( blds ctk; mlus LosPNk ls viuk thou vius yksxksa ds LFkku ij cfynku ds :i esa ns fn;kA

4- elhg dh e`R;q vkSj mlds yksxksa esa blds egRo ls lacaf/kr] /keZ’kkL= ds dqN fuEufyf[kr in lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSaA vius

’kCnksa esa izR;sd in dk vFkZ lkjxfHkZr dhft;sA

iq= ej x;k

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v- jksfe;ksa 5%6

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c- jksfe;ksa 5%8

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d- jksfe;ksa 5%10

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5- 2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%14&15 ds vuqlkj] ge fo’okfl;ksa dks gekjs LFkku ij elhg dh e`R;q ds fy;s dSlh izfrfdz;k nsuh pkfg;s\

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6- LoxZ vkSj vuardky ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ge bl ikB dk lekiu djsaxsA izdkf’krokD; 5%8&10 ds vuqlkj] LoxZnwrksa vkSj NqVdkjk

ik;s gqvksa dk vuardky rd ds fy;s egku xhr D;k gksxk\

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v/;k; 12% elhg gekjk izk;f’pr

^îzk;f’pr** ’kCn ySfVu Hkk"kk dh fdz;k izksihf'k;js ls fudyrk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^’kkar djuk] eukuk] ;k vuqdwy cukukA** vaxzsth ds u;s fu;e esa] ^îzk;f’pr** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds fgyklekWl ls vuqokfnr fd;k x;k gS] tks ml cfynku dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS ftlds }kjk ijes’oj ds U;k; dh ekax larq"V gksrh gS vkSj mlds dzks/k dks ’kkar fd;k tkrk gSA izk;f’pr dk iwjk vFkZ vkSj egRo le>us ds fy;s] ge iwoZ ds v/;k;ksa esa igys gh lh[k pqds dqN izeq[k lR;ksa dk fujh{k.k djsaxsA

/keZ’kkL= esa lc }anksa esa lcls cM+k }an gekjs lkeus j[kk gqvk gS% ijes’oj /kehZ gS( blfy;s] mls U;k; djus ds dM+s ls dM+s fu;eksa ds vuq:i dk;Z djuk pkfg;s] funksZ"k dks cjh djuk vkSj nks"kh dks naM nsukA vxj og nks"kh dks {kek djrk gS vkSj O;oLFkk ds ,d ,d mYya?ku vkSj vukKkdkfjrk dks ltk ugha nsrk gS] rc og vU;k;h dgyk;sxkA] vxj og izR;sd euq"; ds lkFk U;k; djs vkSj izR;sd dks fcYdqy ogh U;k; iznku djs] tks mls feyuk pkfg;s] rc rks leLr euq"; nafMr BgjsaxsA blls ckbcy ds lHkh cM+s iz’uksa esa ls ,d iz’u ,slk Hkh gekjs lkeus mifLFkr gksrk gS% ^^dSls ijes’oj U;k;h cus jg ldrk gS vkSj rkSHkh ftUgsa nafMr fd;k tkuk gS] mu ij n;k fn[kk ldrk gS\** ;k tSls geus iwoZ esa izsfjr ikSyql ds ’kCnksa dks jksfe;ksa 3%26 esa ls ysdj nqljs ’kCnksa esa O;Dr fd;k Fkk] ^^dSls ijes’oj ,d gh le; /kehZ vkSj v/kehZ euq"; dks /kehZ Bgjkusokyk nksuks gh gks ldrk gS\**

bu iz’uksa ds mRrj ^îzk;f’pr** ’kCn esa feyrs gSa pwafd ;g ;h’kq elhg ds lqlekpkj ls lacaf/kr gSA ogh ijes’oj tks /kehZ gS] nq`"V dks nafMr djrk gS] og euq"; cuk vkSj nq"V ds LFkku ij ej x;kA ijes’oj us nq"V dks /kehZ Bgjkus ds fy;s mlds U;k; dh ekaxksa dks misf{kr ugha fd;k] R;kx ugha fn;k] myV ugha fn;k( ijarq mlus nksf"k;ksa ds fo:) LoxhZ; U;k; dh ekaxksa dks larq"V fd;k vkSj vius Lo;a ds dzks/k dks vius iq= ds nq%[k mBkus vkSj ej.k ds }kjk ’kkar fd;kA elhg gekjk izk;f’pr bl rjg dgykrk gS fd mlds cfynku us bls laHko cuk;k fd ,d ifo= vkSj U;k;h ijes’oj gekjs izfr n;kyw Hkh gks lds vkSj mlds fo:) fd;s x;s vijk/kksa dks Hkh {kek dj ldsA

U;kf;d vkSj naM fo"k;d larqf"V

tc dHkh elhg }kjk LofxZd U;k; dh ekaxksa dks larq"CV djus laca/kh lanHkZ fn;k tkrk gS] rks Bhd ls ;g le>uk egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gS fd bldk vFkZ D;k gSA ewyr%] nks izdkj ds larqf"V gksrh gS% O;kolkf;d vkSj U;kf;d ¼naM fo"k;d½


72

O;kolkf;d larqf"V% dtZ dh larqf"V rc gksrh gS tc iwjh jkf’k pqdkbZ tkrh gSA ,d 50 MkWyj dk dtZ 25 MkWyj dh jkf’k ls iw.kZ ugha fd;k tk ldrk] u gh nl vkSal ds lksus dk dtZ] mrus otu dh feV~Vh dh jkf’k ls iw.kZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA

U;kf;d vkSj naM fo"k;d larqf"V% dtZ dh larqf"V rc gksrh gS tc vijk/kh U;k;k/kh’k }kjk nh x;h ltk dks iw.kZ djrk gSA ltk vijk/k ds vuq:i gks] ;g vko’;d ugha gSA tks vko’;d gS] og ;g gS fd mls de ls de vijk/k ds cjkcj rks gksuk pkfg;sA pksjh ds fy;s] dksbZ tqekZuk gks ldrk gS( gR;k ds fy;s tsy gks ldrh gS( ns’knzksg ds fy;s ns’k fudkys dh ltk gksrh gSA

mijksDr mnkgj.kksa ls] ;g izekf.kr gS fd elhg dk nq%[k mBkuk O;kolkf;d ugha Fkk ] ijarq U;kf;d ;k naM fo"k;d izd`fr dk FkkA elhg us Bhd ogh naM ugha pqdk;k ftlds varZxr mlds yksxksa dks ltk feyuh Fkh & mlus udZ eas vuardkyhu naM dks ugha HkksxkA ijarq mldk nq%[k mBkuk Bhd mlh izdkj dk Fkk tks ,d ifo= vkSj U;k;h ijes’oj us vius bZ’ojh; U;k; dks larq"V djus ds fy;s vkSj vijk/kh dks iki ds naM ls eqDr djus ds fy;s Bgjk;k FkkA

larqf"V vkSj elhg dk vlhe ewY;

tc dHkh elhg }kjk bZ’ojh; U;k; dks larq"V djus laca/kh lanHkZ fy;k tkrk gS] rc ;h’kq elhg ds vuar eksy ij fopkj djuk Hkh vko’;d gks tkrk gSA dSls ,d euq"; dzwl ij dqN ?kaVs nq%[k mBkdj yxHkx vla[; ikfi;ksa ds ikiksa dk eksy pqdk ldrk gS vkSj mUgsa udZ esa vuar naM ls cpk ldrk gS\ dSls ,d euq"; dk thou ,d iw.kZ ifo= ijes’oj ds U;k; dks larq"V dj ldrk gS\ bldk mRrj ml O;fDr dh izd`fr esa feyrk gS ftlus nq%[k Hkksxk vkSj ej x;kA pwafd ijes’oj dk iq= ekuo nsg esa gksrs gq, Hkh ijes’ojRo dk iw.kZ :i Fkk dqyqfLl;ksa 2%9] vr% mldk thou vuar eksy fy;s gq, Fkk & mu lc yksxksa ds thou ls dbZ vf/kd c<+dj vlhe :i esa vueksy Fkk] ftuds fy;s og ejkA ;g laiw.kZ ifo= ’kkL= es lcls lqanj lR;ksa es ls ,d gSA

/keZ'kkL= esa izk;f'pr

fuEufyf[kr x|ka’k esa] ge /keZ’kkL= ds dqN egRoiw.kZ inksa ij fopkj djsaxs tks gekjs ikiksa ds fy;s elhg }kjk izk;f’pr djus dks crkrs gSaA

1- fuEufyf[kr in gesa gekjs iki ds fy;s elhg }kjk fd;s x;s izk;f’pr ds fo"k; esa D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

v- 1 ;wgUuk 2%2

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elhg gekjk izk;f’pr

73

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fVIif.k;ka% ^îzk;f’pr** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn fgyklekWl ls fudyk gS bl v/;k; ds ifjp; esa bldh ifjHkk"kk nsf[k;sA elhg dk cfynku dsoy ;gwfn;ksa rd ds fy;s lhfer ugha Fkk] ijarq blesa izR;sd tkfr] Hkk"kk] dqy vkSj jk"Vª ds yksx lfEefyr gSa ¼izdkf’krokD; 5%9½

c- ;wgUuk 4%10

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fVIif.k;ka% ^îzk;f’pÙk** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn fgyklekWl ls fudyk gSA ;g ijes’oj dk vius yksxksa ds izfr] lkoZHkkSfed vkSj ’krZ jfgr izse Fkk ftlus mls] mlds iq= dks Hkstus ds fy;s izsfjr fd;k] ;g euq";ksa ds ewY; ;k mudh fdlh ;ksX;rk ls iw.kZr% fu"i{k FkkA mlds iq= dk gekjs fy;s izk;f’pr Lo:i ej.k ijes’oj ds izse dk loZJs"B izek.k gSA

d- bczkfu;ksa 2%17

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fVIif.k;ka% ;g okD;ka’k ^îzk;f’pÙk djuk** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn fgykldekW; ls fudyk gS] tks fgyklekWl dk fdz;k :i gSA euq"; dh lgk;rk djus ds fy;s] ijes’oj ds iq= dks mudk LoHkko Lo;a vius Åij ysuk FkkA ,d


74

euq"; dk bu euq";ksa ds fy;s ejuk vko’;d Fkk ¼bczkfu;ksa 10%4½ vkSj dsoy ijes’oj&euq"; dk :i gh] ijes’oj o euq"; nksuksa dks ijes’oj ds le{k izLrqr dj ldkA

2- jksfe;ksa 3%23&28 ds leku] /keZ’kkL= esa dksbZ vkSj in] gekjs ikiksa ds fy;s elhg }kjk fd;s x;s izk;f’pr dk vFkZ ugha le>krk

gSA fuEufyf[kr okD;ka’kksa esa ls izR;sd ij viuh fVIif.k;ka fyf[k;sA

v- ijes’oj us fdldks [kqYye[kqYyk izk;f’pÙk ds :i esa iznf’kZr fd;k ¼in 25½

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fVIif.k;ka% ;g okD;ka’k ^^[kqYye[kqYyk ^^ iznf’kZr fd;k** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn izksFkbFk,segh ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^yksxksa ds le{k izn’kZu ds fy;s j[kukA** ;g ijes’oj dh vkKk Fkh fd mldk iq= [kqYye[kqYyk Øqlij p<k;k tk;s rkfd mldh /kkfeZdrk lHkh yksxksa ds lkeus iznf’kZr gksA ;gka] ^îzk;f’pr** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds fgykLVsfj;ksu ’kCn ls fudyk gS] tks ml cfynku ds lanHkZ esa dgk tkrk gS ftlesa {kfriwfrZ ds fy;s] rÌr djus ds fy;s ;k dzks/k dks ’kkar djus dk Hkko fufgr gks rkfd dqfir i{k ls dìk izkIr gks ldsA dzwl ij ijes’oj us mlds iq= dks laiw.kZ txr ds lkeus iki ds izk;f’pr djus ds fy;s [kqYye[kqYyk iznf’kZr fd;kA

c- mlds ygw es fo’okl ds }kjk ¼in 25½

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fVIif.k;ka% bl okD;ka’k dk lokZf/kd LokHkkfod foospu ;g gS fd elhg }kjk fd;s x;s izk;f’pr ds ykHk fo’okl }kjk izkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA ge elhg ij fo’okl j[kdj vkSj mlds gekjs LFkku ij cfynkuh ¼jDrjaftr½ e`R;q ds }kjk ijes’oj ls gekjk esyfeyki gks x;k gSaA

elhg gekjk izk;f’pr

75

d- ;g mldh /kkfeZdrk dks izxV djus ds fy;s Fkk D;ksafd ijes’oj us viuh lgu’khyrk esa iwoZ esa fd;s x;s gekjs ikiksa dks] mlds Åij ykn fn;k ¼in 25½A

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fVIif.k;ka% mlds iq= dh e`R;q dks [kqYye[kqYyk iznf’kZr djus ds ihNs ijes’oj dk egku mn~ns’; mldh /kkfeZdrk dk izn’kZu ;k mls izekf.kr djuk FkkA ijarq ,slk izn’kZu D;ksadj vko’;d Fkk\ tks miokD; Åij crk;s x;s gSa] os gesa mRrj nsrs gSa% ^^D;ksafd ijes’oj dh lgu’khyrk esa mlus iwoZ esa fd;s x;s gekjs ikiksa dks mlds Åij ykn fn;kA** ijes’oj dh lgu’khyrk vkSj n;k ikie;h ekuork ds izfr izxV dh xbZ] pw¡fd vkne ds iru us mlds /kehZ gksus ds nkos dks la’k; esa Mky fn;k FkkA vkne vkSj gok] e`R;q ds gdnkj Fks] ijarq mUgsa thounku feyk( leLr fo’o egkizy; ds le; u"V gks pqdk gksrk] ijarq uwg vkSj mldk ifjokj dks NksM+ fn;k x;k( ijes’oj dh vkKk ds izfr btjk;y ds lrr fonzksg ds ifj.kkeLo:i jk"Vª dks u"V gks tkuk Fkk( nkÅn ds O;fHkpkj vkSj gR;k ds vijk/kksa dks {kek ugha fd;k tkuk FkkA rc dSls] ijes’oj /kehZ Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj ftUgsa ltk feyuh gS] muds izfr d:.kk Hkh fn[kk ldrk gS\ bl iz’u dk mRrj elhg ds nq%[k mBkus vkSj mlds ej.k esa feyrk gSA pwafd vkne dk iru ijes’oj dh fdlh mnklhurk ;k v/kkfeZdrk ds dkj.k ugha Fkk] ijarq vius yksxksa ds iki ds izfr yacs le; rd mldh lgu’khyrk] Hkfo"; esa elhg ds gekjs iki ds fy;s ejus ij vk/kkfjr FkhA iqjkus fu;e eas ijes’oj ij fo’okl j[kus okys vius larks dks] mlus n;k] lgu’khyrk] {kek mnkjrk ls iznku dh] D;ksafd elhg mu lc ds fy;s izxV gksus okyk Fkk vkSj ejus okyk Fkk! ijes’oj dh Hkwr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; dh d:.kk;sa elhg dh e`R;q ds dkj.k lc laHko gSA fn osLVfeaLVj daQs’kal vkWQ QsFk ?kksf"kr djrk gS] ^^;|fi NqVdkjs dk dk;Z mldk iqu#RFkku gksus ds ckn rd okLro esa elhg us iqjk ugha fd;k Fkk rkSHkh txr ds izkjaHk ls] dze’k% leLr ;qxksa ds pqus gqvksa ds fy;s HkykbZ] lkeFkZ vkSj leLr ykHk lqjf{kr izkIr fd;s x;s Fks** ¼v/;k; 8] vuqPNsn 6½A

M- orZeku le; esa mldh /kkfeZdrk dk izn’kZu] esjs vuqlkj ;g gS] fd ;h’kq ij fo’okl j[kus okys ds izfr] og /kehZ vkSj /kehZ Bgjkusokyk nksuks gh gks lds ¼in 26½

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76

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fVIif.k;ka% ;h’kq elhg ds dyojh ij nq%[k mBkus vkSj e`R;q dh jkg esa vkus okyh gj ck/kk dks tks /kehZ ijes’oj dks mlds ikih yksxksa dks {kek djus ls jksd ldrk gks] og nwj dj nh xbZ gSA mlds yksxksa ds ikiksa dh ltk nsdj] mlds U;k; dh ’krksZ dks iw.kZ djds vkSj mlds dzks/k dks ’kkar djds] ijes’oj us viuh /kkfeZdrk dk izn’kZu fd;kA mlus viuh nsg esa mu yksxksa ds iki dks ogu djds] muds LFkku ij [kM+s gksdj ,oa tks dzks/k mu ij cjluk Fkk mldk ’keu djds] vius yksxksa ds fy;s m)kj dk ekxZ [kksy fn;kA bl dkj.k] ijes’oj viuh ifo=rk vkSj /kkfeZdrk ls dksbZ le>kSrk fd;s fcuk] vius yksxksa dks {kek dj ldrk gSA

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v/;k; 13% elhg gekjk NqVdkjk

ckbcy esa NqVdkjk] NqM+kSrh] foekspu rhu lokZf/kd laqnj ’kCn gSa tks ;h’kq elhg ds }kjk fd;s x;s] ijes’oj ds m)kj ds dk;Z dk o.kZu djrs gSaA iwoZ ds v/;k; esa] geus izk;f’pr dks ysdj ckbcy ds lR; ds Åij foLrkj ls fopkj fd;k FkkA orZeku esa] NqVdkjs ds Åij fopkj djuk dzwl ds fo"k; esa gekjh le> ls de egRoiw.kZ ugha gSA ckbcy vk/kkfjr elhgr ds fy;s nksuksa lR; uhao dk dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj nksuksa dks ?kksf"kr fd;k tkuk vkSj mudh j{kk djuk vko’;d gSA

ckbcy esa NqVdkjk

^^NqVdkjk** ’kCn ySfVu fdz;k fjfMfe;js ¼fj ¾ iqu% $ bfe;js ¾ [kjhnuk½ ls fudyk gSA fdlh dks NqVdkjk nsus dk vFkZ gS fd mls mldh nklrk ;k canh cuk;s tkus ls iqu% eksy pqdkdj NqM+kukA NqVdkjk nsusokyk og gksrk gS tks fdlh dks NqVdkjk nsus ds fy;s og ewY; Lo;a pqdkrk gSA NqM+kSrh pqdk;s tkus okys ewY; dks dgrs gSaA nke Lora= djk;s tkus dks O;Dr djrk gS tks fdlh dher ij [kjhnk x;k gksA ckbcy esa] elhg NqVdkjk nsusokyk gS ftlus mlds yksxksa dks vius thou dk nke nsdj vkSj nq%[k mBkdj NqVdkjk iznku fd;k gSA

elhg & eqfDrnkrk vkSj NqMkSrh dk nke

ckbcy ;h’kq elhg dk o.kZu mlds yksxksa dk eqfDrnkrk vkSj NqM+kSrh dk nke nksuksa ds #i esa djrh gSA blesa dksbZ vk’p;Z ugha fd ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds e/;] lfn;ksa ls ;s nks ’kCn cgqr loZJs"B ekus tkrs jgs gSaA

1- elhg mlds yksxksa dk eqfDrnkrk gS vkSj mldk Lo;a dk thou] og NqM+kSrh Fkk tks mlus pqdkbZA bl lR; ds fo"k; esa]

fuEufyf[kr in D;k f’k{kk nsrs gSa\

v- elhg cgqrksa ds Nq______________ ds fy;s viuk thou nsus vk;k ¼eRrh 20%28½A ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn YkwVªksu ls Ykwvks fdz;k ¼[kksyuk½ fudyh gSA ;g diM+ksa] gfFk;kj] ca/ku vkSj blh rjg dh dqN phtksa dks <hyk djus ds mi;ksx esa fy;k tkrk FkkA ¼eRrh 20%28½ ds lanHkZ esa] ;g canh ;k xqyke dks NqVdkjk nsus ds fy;s fn;s x;s eksy dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA elhg us vius yksxksa ds NqVdkjs ds fy;s tks NqM+kSrh pqdkbZ] og mldk Lo;a dk thou FkkA


78

c- elhg us cgqrksa dh Nq______________ ds fy;s Lo;a dks ns fn;k ¼1 freqfFk;ql 2%5&6½A ;g ’kCn ,saVhYkwVªksu ls vkrk gS] tks fdlh dh Lora=rk ds cnys pqdk;s x;s ewY; dk ladsr nsrk gSA okD;ka’k ^^mfpr le; ij xokgh nh x;h** bl rF; dk ladsr nsrk gS fd elhg vk;k vkSj ijes’oj dh fl) bPNk o bfrgkl esa Bgjk;s x;s LofxZd le;kuqlkj Lo;a dks NqM+kSrh Lo:i fn;kA

2- ckbcy esa nks lcls vf/kd lqanj in tks ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds NqVdkjs dk ewY; pqdk;s tkus ls lacaf/kr gS] fuEufyf[kr gS] bu

lR;ksa dks vius ’kCnksa es lkjxfHkZr djsaA

v- izsfjrksa ds dke 20%28

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg us dsoy dyhfl;k dks gh NqVdkjk ugha fn;k gS( mlus Lo;a ds fy;s mls NqVdkjk fn;kA ;gka dyhfl;k ls rkRi;Z ^îjes’oj dh dyhfl;k ftls mlus ¼ijes’oj½ us vius Lo;a ds jDr ls [kjhnk gSA** ;g elhg ds ijes’ojRo ds fy;s cgqr l’kDr lanHkZ gSA og euq"; ftlus dyojh ij viuk jDr cgk;k] mldh nsg esa laiw.kZ ijes’ojRo okl djrk Fkk ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 2%9½A gekjs NqVdkjs ds fy;s tks jDr mlus cgk;k cs’kdherh FkkA

c- 1 irjl 1%18&19

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^cs’kdherh** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn frfevksl ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ] cM+h dher] dksbZ lEeku vkSj J)k;ksX; pht] dksbZ fo’ks"k fiz; phtA elhg dk cs’kdherh jDr leLr u"V gksus okyh oLrq,a tks euq"; vius NqVdkjs ds fy;s ns ldrk gS] mlds rhoz fojks/k esa] vyx gh igpku j[krk gSA ^^fu"dyad** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk

elhg gekjk NqVdkjk

79

ds ’kCn vekWekWl ls fudyk gS] tks nks"kjfgr vkSj funksZ"k gksus dks izxV djrk gSA ^^csnkx** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds vlihyksl ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS tks fu"dyad] vfuan~; vkSj fcuk vk{ksi ds gksA

3- fuEufyf[kr in gesa gekjs NqVdkjs ds fo"k; esa D;k f’k{kk nsrs gSa\ D;k ;g ,d gkfly fd;k x;k rF; gSa\ D;k gekjs iki dk

ewYl iwjk pqdk fn;k x;k gS\

v- ;wgUuk 19%30

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fVIif.k;ka% ^îwjk gqvk** ;g ’kCn lalkj esa NqVdkjs ds fo"k; esa igyh ckj dh x;h lcls l’kDr ?kks"k.kk gSA ;g ,dy ;wukuh ’kCn Vsfy;ks ls vuqokfnr gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^lekIr djuk] fu"ikfnr djuk] iw.kZ djuk**( fdlh dk;Z dks lekfIr ij ykuk ;k can djuk( vafre dk;Z dks fu"ikfnr djuk] ftlls ,d izfdz;k iw.kZ gksrh gSA** ;wgUuk 19%28 esa ;gh ’kCn nks in igys iz;qDr fd;k x;k gS] ^^blds i’pkr] ;h’kq us ;g tkudj fd lc dqN iwjk gks pqdk] blfy, fd ifo=’kkL= dh ckr iwjh gks] dgk] ^êSa I;klk gwaA**

c- bczkfu;ksa 9%12

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fVIif.k;ka% mlds ej.k ds izHkkoLo:i] elhg] ijes’oj ds yksxksa dk e/;LFk cuus ds fy;s LoxZ p<+k;k x;kA okD;ka’k ^^vuar NqVdkjk izkIr djus ls** ge nks egku lR;ksa dks ikrs gSaA igyk lR;] gekjk lR; vLFkkbZ ugha gS] ijarq vuar vkSj vifjorZu’khy gSA nwljk lR;] gekjk NqVdkjk igys ls gh izkIr gks pqdk gS( ;g lqjf{kr gSA


80

O;oLFkk ds naM ls NqVdkjk izkIr djuk

izR;sd euq"; us ijes’oj dh vkKk dks rksM+k gS vkSj naM ;k ’kki ds ;ksX; Bgjk gSA ;h’kq elhg us vius yksxksa dks vius Lo;a ds thou dk ewY; naMLo:i pqdkdj O;oLFkk ds Jki ls eqDr fd;k gSA

1- xykfr;ksa 3%10 esa O;oLFkk ds naM dk o.kZu fdl izdkj fd;k x;k gS\ dkSu bl naM ds v/khu gS\ bldk D;k vFkZ gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% O;oLFkk fl) vkKkdkfjrk dh ekax djrh gSA O;oLFkk esa fujarjrk] fl)rk vkSj O;ogkfjd vkKkdkfjrk ikbZ tkrh gS] bl ij cy nsus ds fy;s] ikSyql ^^cus jguk** vkSj ^îkyu djuk** ’kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrk gSA blls FkksM+k lk Hkh HkVduk] euq"; dks Jki ds v/khu ys vkrk gSA ^^Jki** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds drkjk ’kCn ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn ,sls Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ^^ykur]** ^^dksluk** ;k ^^vfHk’kkiA** ;g bZ’ojh; U;k; vkSj dBksjre izdkj ds naM ;k fdlh dks bl izdkj dh ltk nsuk ;k fouk’k djus dks crkrk gSA

2- xykfr;ksa 3%13 ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj ds yksxksa dk NqVdkjk fdl pht ls gqvk] vkSj fdl izdkj elhg us bl NqVdkjs dks izkIr

fd;k\

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elhg gekjk NqVdkjk

81

fVIif.k;ka% ^^NqVdkjk ik;s gq,** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ,Dtkxjktks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^[kjhnuk] ewY; pqdkuk ;k fdlh oLrq ;k O;fDr dks fdlh ds ca/ku ls NqM+kukA** vDlj bldk iz;ksx ,d xqyke dks mldh xqykeh ls eqDr djokus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA elhg us gekjs iki dks ogu fd;k] Jkfir dgyk;k vkSj gekjk NqVdkjk gksus rd ijes’oj ds dzks/k dks lgu fd;kA îsM+** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn >wykWu ls fudyrk gS] ftldk ’kCn’k% vuqokn ^^ydM+h** gSA ;g ikjaifjd ;wukuh Hkk"kk esa mu [kaHkksa vkSj [kwaVksa ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk Fkk] ftu ds Åij vijkf/k;ksa ds ’kjhjksa dks yVdk fn;k tkrk FkkA iqjkus fu;e dh O;oLFkk esa] izrhd Lo:i] vijk/kh isM+ vkSj [kwaVs ij yVdk;s tkrs Fks fd ns[kus okys tku ysa fd os ijes’oj ls Jkfir gSa ¼O;oLFkkfooj.k 21%23½

3- dqyqfLl;ksa 2%14 esa] elhg ds NqVdkjs dk dk;Z ,d cgqr gh fp=e; :i esa of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA bl in ds vuqlkj] elhg us

vius yksxksa dk NqVdkjk fdu phtksa ls fd;k gS\ dSls NqVdkjk iwjk gqvk\ izR;sd okD;ka’k ds uhps vius fopkj fyf[k;sA

v- vkSj fof/k;ksa dk og vfHkys[k tks gekjs uke ij gekjs fo:) Fkk] feVk MkykA

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^vfHkys[k** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn dSjkxzQkWu ls fudyk gSA vDlj bl vfHkys[k dk iz;ksx iSlksa ds dtZ ;k vijk/kh ds fo:) fy[ks x;s fdlh vfHk;ksx ls gksrk gSA ^^fo/kku** ’kCn ;wukuh’kCn MkWxek ls fudyk gS] tks lkoZtfud fo/kku ;k v/;kns’k dks iznf’kZr djrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa] ;g ’kk;n O;oLFkk dh dkuwuh ekaxksa dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS tks gekjs }kjk fd;s x;s vkKk mYya?ku ds ifj.kke Lo:i ykxw gksrh gSA okD;ka’k ^^feVk Mkyk** ;wukuh ’kCn ,DtkyhbQks ls fudyrk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^lkQ dj nsuk] feVk nsuk] ;k yqIr dj nsukA** elhg us ijes’oj o mldh O;oLFkk ds izfr gekjs lkjs dtksZ dks feVk Mkyk ;k yqIr dj fn;kA

c- vkSj mls dzwl ij dhyksa ls tM+dj gekjs lkeus ls gVk fn;kA

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82

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fVIif.k;ka% dyojh ij mldh e`R;q ds }kjk] elhg us gekjs dtksZ dks pqdk;k vkSj gekjs fo:) U;k; dh gj ekax dks larq"V fd;kA ^^mls dzwl ij dhyksa ls Bksd fn;k** bl okD;ka’k dh vusd O;k[;k,a gSaA dqN ekurs gSa fd ;g fdlh ds fo:) dtZ HkjikbZ ds vfHkys[k dks lkoZtfud LFkku ij yxkus dh izFkk dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS] rkfd lc ns[k lds fd dtZ pqdrk dj fn;k x;k gSA bldk mn~ns’; dtZnkj dks funksZ"k fl) djus ds fy;s gksrk gS rkfd ;g lqfuf’pr fd;k tk lds fd mlds fo:) Hkfo"; esa dksbZ ekax u mB ldsA elhg dh e`R;q ds }kjk gekjk dtZ pqdk fn;k x;kA nwljs yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd dzwl ij vijk/kh ds ’kjhj ls Åij bl vfHk;ksx dks dhyksa ls tM+uk] bl ckr dk ladsr nsrk gS fd mlds vijk/k lkoZtfud fd;s tk;s vkSj mlds dzwl ij yVdkus dk dkj.k lHkh dks Kkr gkss ¼eRrh 27%37½A elhg us gekjs ikiksa dks dyojh ij mBk fy;k vkSj O;oLFkk dk naM tks gesa feyuk Fkk] mls lgu fd;kA

83


v/;k; 14% Eklhg gekjk NqVdkjk

ckbcy gesa u dsoy ;g fl[kkrh gS fd ifrr euq"; O;oLFkk ds naM ds v/khu jgrk gS] ijarq og ’kSrku ds ca/ku esa Hkh gSA elhg us vius yksxksa dks bl Hk;kud lPpkbZ ls] muds LFkku ij ejus ds }kjk] NqVdkjk fnyk;k] bl rjg muds fy;s fu/kkZfjr naM dks Hkh pqdk;k vkSj ’kSrku ds lkeFkZ ij Hkh fot;h gq,A

blds igys fd ge gekjs v/;;u esa vkxs c<+s] bls le>uk cgqr vko’;d gS fd ;|fi elhg us vius yksxksa dks ’kSrku dh lkeFkZ ls NqVdkjk fnyok;k] blds fy;s tks NqM+kSrh pqdkbZ x;h] og ’kSrku dks ugha vfirq ijes’oj dks pqdkbZ x;hA elhgh bfrgkl esa lfn;ksa ls ;g /kkj.kk izcy gS] dqN yksxksa us xyr fo’okl dj fy;k gS fd elhg us ’kSrku dks NqM+kSrh pqdkbZ vkSj bl rjg vius yksxksa dks xqykeh ls Lora= fd;kA

;g /kkj.kk Li"Vr% ckbcy dss fojks/kkHkkl esa gS] elhg }kjk fd;s x;s NqVdkjs ds dk;Z dh efgek dks ?kVkrh gS vkSj ’kSrku dks vR;f/kd ckbcyfoghu ntkZ nsrh gSA ckbcy gesa fl[kkrh gS fd elhg us ijes’oj dks mlds yksxksa ds iki ds naM dk ewY; pqdkus ds fy;s Lo;a dk cfynku p<+k;kA mlds ej.k us ijes’oj ds U;k; dks larq"V fd;k vkSj gekjs iki ds _`.k dks fu"izHkko fd;k] bl rjg ’kSrku dh nks"kh Bgjkus okyh lkeFkZ ij fot; izkIr dhA

'kSrku dk vkf/kiR; vkSj euq"; dk ca/ku

;|fi ijes’oj leLr l`f"V ij iw.kZ izHkqRo ds lkFk jkT; djrk gSa] rFkkfi lPps vFkZ esa ’kSrku dks lhfer fu;a=.k fn;k x;k gS vkSj blds }kjk og ifrr lalkj vkSj mlds jgokfl;ksa ds Åij jkT; djrk gSA

1- Ykqdk 4%5&6 esa] ’kSrku Lo;a ds fo"k; esa ,oa mlds bl ifrr txr ds lkFk laca/kksa dks ysdj ?kks"k.kk djrk gSA og D;k ?kks"k.kk

djrk gS] vkSj bldk D;k vFkZ gS\

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84

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fVIif.k;ka% euq"; ds iru ds le; ls] ;g txr vkSj mlesa clus okys yksx] ’kSrku ds vkf/kiR; esa vk;sA fQj Hkh] gesa bl ckr dks /;ku esa j[kuk vko’;d gS fd ;g fu;a=.k ijes’oj dh bPNk ds v/khu FkkA

2- Ywkdk 4%5&6 esa] ’kSrku dh ?kks"k.kk dksbZ fujFkZd Mhax ugha FkhA cfYd] lPps vFkZ esa ;g ifrr lalkj mlds fu;a=.k esa FkkA

1 ;wgUuk 5%19 bl lR; ds fo"k; esa D;k f’k{kk nsrk gS\

v- le______________ txr dk vf/k______________’kSrku ds v/khu gSA ^leLr** ’kCn lkewfgd :i ls u dsoy ekuotkfr dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS ijarq elhg ds izHkqRo ls ijs izR;sd tu dh vksj Hkh ladsr nsrk gSA ^^v/khu** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn dk;ek; ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^ô’k esa gksuk ;k ml vksj >qdk gksukA** ekuotkfr] lkekU; rkSj ij ’kSrku ds jkT; ls eqDr gksus ds fy;s la?k"kZ ugha dj jgh gS] cfYd og blds vuqdwy thou fcrk jgh gSA

3- ckbcy esa] vDlj ,d O;fDr dk uke] mlds vFkZ ds vuqlkj dqN izxV djrk gSA ’kSrku dks dkSu dkSu ls uke ;k ’kh"kZd

fuEufyf[kr inksa esa fn;s x;s gSa\

v- bl la______________dk ’kk______________ ¼;wgUUkk 12%31( 14%30( 16%11½ A ^^’kkld** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn vj[kkWu ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn bl izdkj ls Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ^^lsukifr** ;k ^êqf[k;kA** ;g ^^lalkj** ekuork ds ml fo’kky tulk/kkj.k ds vksj ladsr nsrk gS tks ijes’oj ls i`Fkd gksdj jgrk gS vkSj mldh bPNk ds fo:) gSA

c- bl la______________dk bZ______________ ¼2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 4%4½A dsoy ,d lPpk ijes’oj gS ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 8%4&6½] rkSHkh ;g ifrr lalkj ’kSrku dk ,sls vuqlj.k djrk gS tSls fd og bZ’oj gksA ;|fi ’kSrku dks bZ’ojh; xq.k izkIr ugha gSa] rkSHkh og Lo;a dks ijes’oj fn[kkus dk vkMacj djrk gS vkSj ijes’oj ds leku vkjk/; ekus tkus dh bPNk j[krk gSA

d- vk______________ esa ’kk______________ djus okys vf/k______________ ¼bfQfl;ksa 2%2½ A ’kSrku ,d vkRek gS vkSj euq"; ds lkalkfjd la;e ls vckf/kr gSA ’kSrku dh lkeFkZ vkSj vkf/kiR; bl ^î`Fohykssd** ds fdlh Hkh jktdqekj ls c<+dj gks ldrh gSA og vkfRed :i ls e`rdksa ds Åij viuh okLrfod lkeFkZ vkSj izHkko dks NksM+rk gS ¼nsf[k;s in 1½A

4- fuEufyf[kr inksa eas ifrr euq"; dk fdl izdkj o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\ ifrr euq"; vkSj ’kSrku ds e/; D;k laca/k gS\

Eklhg gekjk NqVdkjk

85

v- ikih euq"; ’kS______________ dh larku gS ¼1 ;wgUuk 3%8] 10( ;wgUuk 8%44½ A ifrr euq";] ’kSrku dh larku bl lanHkZ esa gS D;ksafd og ’kSrku dk pfj= vkSj bPNk izxV djrk gSA ;wgUuk 8%44 esa] ;h’kq ?kksf"kr djrk gS fd Qjhlh vius firk ’kSrku ls Fks vkSj os vius firk dh ^^bPNk dks iw.kZ djuk** pkgrs FksA

c- ifrr euq";] ’kSrku ds vkf/k______________ esa jgrk gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 26%18½ A ;g ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ,Dtksfl;k ls fudyk gS] ftls ^^lkeFkZ** ;k ^^vkf/kiR;** Hkh vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ifrr euq";] ’kSrku ds vkf/kiR; vkSj lkeFkZ ds v/khu gksdj jgrk gSA dqyqfLl;ksa 1%13 esa] ’kSrku ds lkezkT; dks vkfRed ;k uSfrd va/kdkj ds :i esa of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA

d- ifrr euq";] ’kSrku dh bPNk vuq______________pyrk gS ¼bfQfl;ksa 2%2½A ifrr euq";] ijes’oj dh vkKk mYya?ku o ’kSrku dh bPNkuqlkj pky pyus ls igpkuk tkrk gSA ifrr euq"; dks ^^vukKkdkfjrk ds iq=** mfpr uke fn;k x;k gS] ftuds Hkhrj ’kSrku fdz;k’khy gSA ^^fdz;k’khy** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn ,susZftbvks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^lfdz; gksuk( izHkkoksRdkjh dk;Z ;k lkeFkZ ds lkFk ÅtkZRed dk;Z djukA**

M- ifrr euq";] ’kSrku ds }kjk va______________ dj fn;k x;k gS ¼2 dq:afFk;kas 4%4½A os euq"; tks ijes’oj dh xokgh ij fo’okl djus ls badkj dj nsrs gSa] Hk;kud U;k; ds Hkkxhnkj gksrs gSa & os ’kSrku dks lkSai fn;s tkrs gSa rkfd mlds >wB vkSj Ny ds }kjk vkfRed o uSfrd :i ls va/ks cuk;s tk;saA

b- ifrr euq";] ’kSrku ds Qa______________ esa Qal tkrk gS ¼2 freqfFk;ql 2%26½A ;g ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn ikWfxt ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ tky] Qank] ;k ca/ku gksrk gS] ftlesa f’kdkj my> tkrk gS vkSj idM+k tkrk gSA ;g izk;% n`f"V ls vks>y jgrk gS vkSj vius cs[kcj f’kdkj dks idM+ ysrk gSA ifrr euq"; vufHkK jgrs gSa vkSj ’kSrku ds tky esa my> tkrs gSa] tc rd fd ijes’oj ds vuqxzg ls mudks lq/k u vk tk;s vkSj os lqlekpkj ds izdk’k esa cp u fudysA

bZ- ifrr euq"; ’kSrku ds ca______________ esa td______________gqvk gS ¼2 freqfFk;ql 2%26½A ;g okD;ka’k ;wukuh tkWfxzbvks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ] ^^canh cukuk ;k idM+ ysukA** ijes’oj dh vuqxzgiw.kZ d:.kk dk badkj djus ls ifrr euq";] ’kSrku ds vkf/kiR; esa tdM+k tkrk gSA ’kSrku ijes’oj ds uSfrd fu;eksa ls ifrr euq"; dks eqDr djus dk izLrko j[krk gS] ijarq ,slh ^^Lora=rk** ges’kk iki ds ca/ku dh vksj ys tkrh gSA

m- ifrr euq"; ’kSrku dk vuq______________ djrs gSa ¼1 rheq- 5%15½A ^^cgd tkuk** okD;ka’k ;wukuh ’kCn ,DVªsiks ls fudyk gS] ftldk ;Fkk’kCn vFkZ gS] ^îyV tkuk ;k rksM+&ejksM+ djukA** bldk iz;ksx fdlh lHkk esa Hkkx ysus dh mis{kk djus ls ;k fdlh ds lkFk tqM+us ls iyVus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk FkkA fpfdRlh; lanHkZ esa] bldk iz;ksx vaxksa ds laf/k Hkax gksus esa fd;k tkrk FkkA tks ijes’oj dh bPNk ls eq[k eksM+ ysrs gSa] os ;g izxV djrs gSa fd ijes’oj ds lkFk os dksbZ laxfr ;k Hkkx ysuk ugha pkgrs gSA LoHkkor% os ^^’kSrku** ds vuq;k;h gks tkrs gSaA ;|fi ifrr euq"; vufHkKrko’k ’kSrku dk vuqlj.k


86

dj ldrk gS] rkSHkh og vfuPNk ls vuqlj.k ugha djrkA ’kSrku vkSj ifrr euq"; ds e/; LokHkkfod vkd"kZ.k gksrk gSA os nksuksa leku Hkz"V LoHkko ds ik;s tkrs gSa vkSj ijes’oj ds izfr mlh ’k=qrk dh izo`fRr dks izxV djrs gSaA

Eklhg dh fot; vkSj gekjk NqVdkjk

ckbcy fl[kkrh gS fd iki dh etnwjh e`R;q gS ¼jksfe;ksa 6%23½ vkSj ’kSrku dks bl naM dks euq"; ds Åij yxkus dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gS ¼bczkfu;ksa 2%14&15½ A elhg us vius thou] e`R;q vkSj iqu#RFkku ds }kjk ’kSrku ds Åij fot; izkIr dhA vius yksxksa ds fy;s ejus ds }kjk] mlus muds _`.k dks pqdk;k vkSj ’kSrku dks lkeFkZ foghu cuk;kA

1- mRifRr 3%15 esa] ge vkus okys elhgk ds fo"k; esa ,d vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ Hkfo";ok.kh ns[krs gSaA bl Hkfo";ok.kh ds vuqlkj]

elhg ’kSrku ds O;fDrRo vkSj dk;Z ds lkFk D;k djsxk\ og fdl izdkj ’kSrku dks ijkftr djsxk\

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fVIif.k;ka% ;g va’k vDlj izksVksbosatfyTe ds lanHkZ esa fy;k tkrk gS ¼ySfVu% izksVks ¾ izFke$ bosatfyTe ¾lqlekpkj½ ;k ^îzFke lqlekpkjA** ^^L=h dk cht** ijes’oj ds iq= dh vksj ladsr djrk gS] tks nsg/kkj.k djsxk] ’kSrku ds fo:) ;q) djsxk vkSj ml ij fot; izkIr djsxkA elhgk ’kSrku ds flj dks dqpysxk & og mls e`r dj nsus okys ?kko ls ?kkr djsxkA ’kSrku elhgk dh ,M+h dks Mlsxk & elhg liZ ds lkFk vius ;q) esa ?kk;y fd;k tk;sxk] ¼;’kk;kg 53%4&5½] ijarq og ?kko vrr% ?kkrd ugha gksxk% vkSj elhgk iquthZfor gksxk! jksfe;ksa 16%20 ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj ds yksx elhgk dh thr esa lgHkkxh gksaxs% ^^’kkafr dk ijes’oj vki ds iSjksa rys ’kSrku dks tYn gh dqpysxkA**

2- ;wgUUkk 3%8 elhgk ds vkxeu ds mn~ns’; ds ckjs esa D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

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Eklhg gekjk NqVdkjk

87

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fVIif.k;ka% ^û"V djuk** xzhd ’kCn ywvks ls fudyk gS] tks [kksyus] u"V djus] rksM+us ;k lekIr djus dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSaA elhg ds vkxeu ls fo’ks"kdj] ’kSrku }kjk mlds yksxksa dks canh cuk;s tkus tSls dk;Z u"V fd;s x;sA

3- dqyqfLl;ksa 2%15 dk in] elhg dh ’kSrku ds Åij fot; ds laca/k esa ,oa vius yksxksa ds fy;s fd;s x;s NqVdkjs ds dk;Z ds

ckjs esa D;k fl[kkrk gSa\

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fVIif.k;ka% okD;ka’k ^^’kkld vkSj vf/kdkjh** ’kSrku vkSj ifrr LoxZnwrksa ds ckjs esa fn;k x;k lanHkZ gSA ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds Åij ’kSrku ds izcy gksus dk vk/kkj] mlds yksxksa dk iki gS] ftlus mUgsa ijes’oj ls vyx dj fn;k] Jki ds v/khu fd;k vkSj e`R;q naM ds ;ksX; Bgjk;kA tc elhg us e/;LFkh dh vkSj vius yksxksa ds iki dk nke pqdk fn;k] rc muds Åij ls ’kSrku dh lkeFkZ dks fucZy dj fn;kA ^^fucZy djuk** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn ,sisdMwvksegh ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^ôafpr djuk] ywVuk ;k fucZy djukA** ;g okD;ka’k ^^[kqYye[kqYyk izn’kZu** ;wukuh ’kCn Mk;eSfVV~tks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS ^^fdlh dks felky ds #i esa ;k mnkgj.k Lo:i iznf’kZr djukA** elhg gekjs ikiksa ds izk;f’pr Lo:i [kqYye[kqYyk dzwl ij p<+k;k x;k Fkk ¼jksfe;ksa 3%25½ vkSj dyojh ij mldh e`R;q us ’kSrku dks [kqYye[kqYyk ijkftr fd;kA elhg dh ’kSrku vkSj mlds nwrksa ds Åij fot; dzzwl ds }kjk laHko gqbZ Fkh] tgka mlus gekjs iki vius Åij mBk fy;s] gekjs LFkku ij nq%[k mBk;k vkSj gekjs fo:) dtZ dk vfHkys[k feVk MkykA iki dks fu"izHkkoh djus ls e`R;q vkSj e`R;q dks ykus okyh ’kSrku dh lkeFkZ dk var gqvk!


88

4- bczkfu;ksa 2%14&15] elhg dh ’kSrku ds Åij fot; vkSj vius yksxksa ds fy;s fd;s x;s NqVdkjs ds dk;Z ds fo"k; esa D;k

fl[kkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^lgHkkxh** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn dksbZuksuks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^laxfr djuk] fgLlk ysuk] ,df=r gksukA** leLr euq"; nsg vkSj jDr dh ,d laxfr vkSj mlds nq%[kksa esa lgHkkxh gksrs gSaA ijes’oj dk lukru iq=] nsg vkSj jDr dh gekjh laxfr esa lgHkkxh gqvk vkSj lfEefyr :i ls gekjs nq%[kksa ds I;kys esa ls fi;kA ’kSrku ds ikl e`R;q ij lkeF;Z Fkh ftl ls dh og euq"; ds iki ds dkj.k mls nks"kh Bgjkdj] Bhd e`R;q naM dh ekax dj ldsA elhg us ml naM dks pqdkdj lkjs nks"kksa dks ’kkar dj fn;kA

89


v/;k; 15% Eklhg gekjk esyfeyki

Hkkx ,d% esyfeyki dk fl)kar

lalkj ds leLr /keksZ esa ,d iz’u lcls vf/kd vke gS% ^^dSls ,d ikih euq"; dk ijes’oj ls esyfeyki gks ldrk gS\** tcfd lHkh nwljs /keZ esyfeyki ds fy;s euq"; ds deZ dks ek/;e ekurs gSa] ckbcy euq"; ls vyx gVdj] ;h’kq elhg ds O;fDrRo vkSj dk;Z dh vksj ladsr nsrh gSA

esyfeyki dk vFkZ

’kCn ^êsyfeyki djuk** ySfVu Hkk"kk ds ’kCn fjdalhfy;js ls fudyk gS ¼fj ¾ iqu% u;s fljs ls $ dalhfy;js ¾ tek djuk] la;qDr djuk] fot; gkfly djuk½A bldk vFkZ gS] ^îqu% lkFk lkFk ykuk] u;s fljs ls la;qDr djuk] lqyg djuk] vuqdwy cukuk ;k xzg.k’khy cukuk] fe=rk dks iquZLFkkfir djuk ;k lkeatL; fcBkukA** u;s fu;e esa] ^êsyfeyki djuk** vkSj ^êsyfeyki** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCnksa ls vuqokfnr gSA

fMvyklks & cnyuk ;k bPNk dks cnyuk( lqyg djuk( fdlh ds lkFk laca/k dks iqu% u;k cukukA dsoy eRrh 5%24 esa] ,d dqfir HkkbZ ls lqyg djus ds lanHkZ esa ;g ’kCn iz;qDr gqvk gSA

dkVkyklks & cnyuk ;k vknku iznku djuk] tSls dksbZ cjkcj dher ds flDdksa dk vknku iznku dj ldrk gS( esy djuk( ds i{k es ykSVukA 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 7%11 ds in esa] ;g ,d efgyk vkSj mlds ifr ds chp le>kSrs dks crkrk gSA jksfe;ksa 5%10 esa ¼nks ckj½ vkSj 2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%18&20 esa ¼rhu ckj½] ;g ijes’oj ds lkFk esyfeyki ds fy;s iz;qDr gqvk gSA

viksdkVkyklks & ;g dkVkyklks dk ,d vkSj xgu vkSj l’kDr :i gS( ;g iw.kZ :i ls esyfeyki dks izxV djrk gSa bfQfl;ksa 2%16 vkSj dqyqfLl;ksa 1%20 vkSj 22 esa ijes’oj ds lanHkZ esa bldk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

dVkykxs & ;g laKk gS tks fdz;k :i dkVkyklks ls laca) gSA xSj&/kkfeZd lkfgR; esa] ;g ’kCn iSlks dk vknku iznku djus okys O;olkb;ksa ds e/; mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS] cjkcj ewY; dh jkf’k dks cnyuk] ;k varj


90

dks lek;ksftr djukA yk{kf.kd :i esa] ;g fdlh vU; ds i{k dks iqu% izkIr djus ls lacaf/kr gSA u;s fu;e esa] ;g ’kCn ikfi;ksa }kjk elhg vkSj muds dk;Z esa fo’okl j[kus ls iqu% ijes’oj ls dìk ikus dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS ¼jksfe;ksa 5%11( 11%15( 2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%18&19½A

fdl ds lkFk fdldk esy&feyki djk;k x;k\

^êsyfeyki djus** vkSj ^êsyfeyki** dh ckbcy vk/kkfjr ’kCnkoyh ij fopkj djrs gq, gekjs lkeus ,d cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ iz’u mifLFkr gksrk gS% ^^fdlus fdlds lkFk fdldk esyfeyki djk;k x;k\** bldk rkRi;Z gS] D;k dzwl us euq"; dk ijes’oj ls esy djk;k\ ¼vFkkZr euq"; dks ijes’oj dh dìk ikus ds fy;s izo`Rr djrk gS½ ;k ijes’oj dks euq"; dh vksj >qdkrk gS ¼vFkkZr ijes’oj euq"; dh vksj dìkyw gksus ds fy;s izo`Rr gksrk gS½\

;g iz’u egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd dqN yksx =qfViw.kZ fo’okl djrs gSa fd ;|fi ikih euq"; ijes’oj ds lkFk ’k=qrk j[krk gS ¼vFkkZr ijes’oj ds fo:) gksuk½] ijarq ijes’oj dHkh euq"; ds lkFk ’k=qrk ugha j[krsA fdUrq] ckbcy fl[kkrh gS fd ijes’oj Hkh ikih ds lkFk ’k=qrk j[krk gSA og /kehZ vkSj ifo= gS( blfy;s] og ikih ij Øksf/kr gS ¼Hktu 5%5( 7%11( ;wgUuk 3%36½] ikih ls fojDr gks tkrk gS ¼Hktu 5%4( ;’kk;kg 59%2½] vkSj ikih dk U;k; djus ds fy;s izo`r gksrk gS ¼Hktu 7%11&13( 11%5&6½A

blfy;s] bl iz’u ^^fdlus fdlds lkFk esyfeyki fd;k\** ds fy;s gekjk mRrj nksLrjh; gSA 1- dzwl us ijes'oj ls gekjk esy djok;k vFkkZr elhg us gekjs iki dk _`.k pqdk;k] ijes’oj ds U;k; dks larq"V fd;k vkSj mlds dzks/k dks ’kkar fd;kA blus gels ijes’oj dh ’k=qrk dks nwj dj fn;k vkSj mlds fy;s ;g laHko fd;k fd mlds iq= ij fo’okl ykus ds }kjk og gesa /kehZ Bgjk;sA 2- dzwl ds }kjk ijes'oj ls gekjk esyfeyki rc gksrk gS tc ge ifo= vkRek ds }kjk iqu#fTtfor fd;s tkus ds dkj.k ge gekjs ikiksa ls izk;f’pr djrs gSa ¼vFkkZr fopkj o dk;Z esa gekjk fojks/k nqcZy iM+ tkrk gS½ vkSj elhg esa gekjk fo’okl izxV djrs gSaA

1- esyfeyki ds fl)kar ds laca/k esa] jksfe;ksa 5%10&11 ds in] ckbcy ds lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ inksa esa ls ,d gSA bu inksa dks rc

rd if<+;s] tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa vkSj rc fuEufyf[kr okD;ka’kksa ij] vius fopkjksa dks

izxV djsA ckbcy vk/kkfjr esyfeyki ds ckjs esa os D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

v- D;ksafd tc ge ’k=q gh Fks ¼in 10½

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Eklhg gekjk esyfeyki

91

fVIif.k;ka% ^^’k=q** ’kCn ;wukuh fo’ks"k.k ,dFkzkWl ls fudyrk gS tks ml O;fDr dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS tks nq’eu gks] ?k`.kk;ksX; gks ;k fdlh ds dM+s fojks/k esa gksA lqlekpkjksa esa] bldk mi;ksx ’kSrku dk o.kZu djus ds fy;s fd;k x;k gS ¼eRrh 13%39( ywdk 10%19½ ( jksfe;ksa 8%7 vkSj dqyqfLl;ksa 1%21 esa] ;g ifrr euq"; ds ^^’k=qRoiq.kZ** eu ;k fopkjksasa ds o.kZu ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk gSA vDlj] ;g le>k tkrk gS fd euq"; ijes’oj dk ’k=q gS vkSj ijes’oj dHkh Hkh euq"; dk ’k=q ugha jgk gSA fdUrq] ;g dFku vR;ar Hkzked gSA ;|fi ’k=qrk ;k cSj tks in 10 esa n’kkZ;k x;k gS] og ijLij gS] dbZ /keZfoKkuh ijes’oj ds ifo= cSj ;k ikih euq"; ds izfr mfpr dzks/k ij cy nsrs gSaA pkYlZ gkWt fy[krs gSa] ^îkih dk ijes’oj ds izfr nq"Vrkiw.kZ fojks/k gh ugha gSa] ijarq ijes’oj dk ikih ds izfr ifo= izdkj dk fojks/k ik;k tkrk gSA**4 jkcVZ ,y- jSeaM fy[krs gSa] ^^^’k=q* ’kCn ijes’oj ds izfr gekjs vifo= ’k=qRo dks gh izxV ugha djrk ijarq ijes’oj dh gekjs izfr ifo= }s"k dks Hkh izxV djrk gSA**5 eSF;w gSujh fy[krs gSa] ^^;g ’k=qrk ijLij ’k=qrk gS] ijes’oj ikih ds izfr cSj j[krk gS] vkSj ikih ijes’oj ls cSj j[krk gSA**6

c- gekjk esy ijes’oj ds lkFk mlds iq= dh e`R;q ds }kjk gqvk ¼in 10½A

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fVIif.k;ka% ^êsy gqvk** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn dkVkyklks ls fudyrk gS ¼^êsyfeyki ds vFkZ** ds varxZr Åij fy[kh ifjHkk"kk if<+;s½A ijes’oj ls esy djokus gsrq] fo’oklh ds fy;s] elhg dh e`R;q vk/kkj ;k cqfu;kn gSA ijes'oj ds laca/k esa% elhg dh e`R;q us ijes’oj ds U;k; dh mfpr ekaxksa dks larq"V fd;k] ijes’oj ds dzks/k dks ’kkar fd;k vkSj ijes’oj ds fy;s bls laHko fd;k fd og viuh /kkfeZdrk dks cuk;s j[krs gq, ikih ij d:.kk izxV djsA euq"; ds laca/k esa% elhg dh e`R;q us iki vkSj mlds naM dh ck/kkvksa dks nwj dj fn;k vkSj ikih ds ân; esa] ijes’oj iznRr m)kj ds QyLo:i gksus okys cnyko ds dk;Z ds fy;s jkLrk [kksy fn;kA ifo= vkRek ds u, tUe ds dk;Z ds }kjk] ijes’oj ds izfr ikih dh ?k`.kk ;k ’k=qrk] izse esa cny x;h vkSj ijes’oj dh O;oLFkk ds izfr mldk vuknj ;k frjLdkj vknj esa cny x;k vkSj vkKk ekuus dh bPNk esa ifjorZu gks x;k gSA

4 Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, p.1385 A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith, p.6466 Matthew Henry Commentary, Vol.6, p.397


92

d- vc esy gks tkus ij ge mlds thou ds }kjk m)kj D;ksa u ik;saxs ¼in 10½

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fVIif.k;ka% fo’oklh dk esy gks pqdk gSA fo’oklh dk esy ,d laiw.kZ lPpkbZ gS tks elhg dh ,d ckj] ijarq lnkdky ds fy;s iw.kZ e`R;q ij vk/kkfjr gSA ge esy gksus dh jkg ugha tksg jgs gSa] ijarq ftl {k.k ge fo’okl djrs gS] ijes’oj ls gekjk iw.kZ esy gks tkrk gSA iz'u% vxj mldh e`R;q ds }kjk gekjk esy gqvk gS] rks dSls mlds thou ds }kjk ge cpk;s x;s gSa\ mRrj% elhg dh e`R;q] ijes’oj ls esy djokus dh ,dek= cqfu;kn gSA ijarq ;g thfor vkSj efgeknk;h elhg gS] tks gesa cqykrk gS] gesa thfor djrk gS] ns[kHkky djrk gS] fl) cukrk gS vkSj gekjs fy;s LoxZ esa ijes’oj ls fuosnu djus ds fy;s lnSo fo|eku gS ¼bczkfu;ksa 7%25½A

M- vkSj dsoy bruk gh ughs] ge ijes’oj dh gekjs izHkw ;h’kq elhg ds }kjk iz’kalk Hkh djrs gSa] ftlds }kjk gesa vc esyfeyki izkIr gqvk gS ¼opu 11½A

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fVIif.k;ka% tks ;g Lohdkj dj ysrs gSa fd mudk esy dsoy elhg ds }kjk laHko gqvk rks os flQZ ijes’oj esa gh ?ke.M+ djrs gS] ;k mlh dh iz’kalk djrs gSaA ^îz’kalk djuk** ;g ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn dkW[kkvksek; ls fudyk gS] tks fdlh oLrq ;k O;fDr ds dkj.k mYyflr gksus ;k ?ke.M+ djus dks iznf’kZr djrk gSA fQfyIi;ksa 3%3 esa] izsfjr ikSyql lPps elhgh tu dk o.kZu djrk gS ^^tks elhg ;h’kq esa fo’okl ¼j[krk½ gS vkSj ’kjhj ij dksbZ Hkjkslk ugha j[krkA** mlh izdkj] 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 1%31 esa] ikSyql fy[krk gS] ^^;fn dksbZ xoZ djs rks elhg esa djsA**


93

2- dqyqfLl;ksa 1%19&22 esa] esyfeyki ds fl)kar ls lacaf/kr ,d egRoiw.kZ in feyrk gSA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s tc rd vki

bldh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;s vkSj rc fuEukafdr okD;ka’kksa ij vius fopkj fyf[k;sA

v- D;ksafd firk dks ;gh Hkk;k fd laiw.kZ ifjiw.kZrk mlh esa okl djs ¼in 19½A

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg nsg esa ijes’oj gSaA blfy;s] mlds O;fDrRo ;k dk;Z esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh deh ugha gS( ,slk dqN ugha gS tks foQy gks( gekjs m)kj ds dk;Z dh Ja`[kyk esa dksbZ detksj dM+h ugha gSA gekjk esyfeyki iw.kZ vkSj vifjorZuh; gSA

c- vkSj mlh ds }kjk leLr oLrqvksa dk vius lkFk esy dj ys ¼opu 20½A

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg ,dek= og tu gS tks ijes’oj }kjk Bgjk;k gqvk gS] vkSj dksbZ nwljk ugha gSA ;gka] bl 22 osa in esa] ^êsy** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn viksdkVkyklks ls fudyk gS ¼^êsyfeyki ds vFkZ** ds varxZr Åij fy[kh ifjHkk"kk if<+;s½A okD;ka’k ^^leLr oLrq,a** in 20 esa ;g of.kZr djrk gS tSls i`Foh vkSj LoxZ dh lc oLrq,a mlesa lfEefyr gSA

d- mlds Øwl ij cgk, x, ygw ds }kjk ’kkfUr LFkkfir dhA

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94

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fVIif.k;ka% ijes’oj ls esyfeyki vkSj ’kkafr elhg ds gekjs LFkku ij nq%[k mBkus vkSj ejus ds dkj.k gh laHko gqvkA dksbZ Hkh lqlekpkj tks bl lR; ds egRo ls badkj djrk ;k mls ?kVkrk gS] >wBk lqlekpkj gSA dsoy elhg dh e`R;q }kjk] gekjs iki dk _`.k pqdk;k x;k] ijes’oj dk U;k; larq"V gqvk vkSj mldk dzks/k ’kkar gqvkA

M+- pkgs os i`Foh ij dh gksa vFkok LoxZ esa dh ¼opu 20½

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fVIif.k;ka% dbZ lR; bl in esa ls ,df=r fd;s tk ldrs gSaA lcls igys] iki us leLr l`f"V dks izHkkfor fd;k Fkk ¼jksfe;ksa 8%19&21½A dsoy elhg ds dzwl }kjk iki nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mlds fo/oaldkjh izHkkoksa dks Bhd fd;k tk ldrk gSA

nwljk] elhg dk dk;Z u dsoy ijes’oj vkSj euq"; ds chp esyfeyki djokrk gS] ijarq euq"; vkSj euq"; ds chp Hkh esy djokrk gSA vafre LFkku ij] ifj.kkeLo:i] elhg laiw.kZ fo’o esa ’kkafr LFkkfir djsxkA og fxjk;s x;s LoxZnwrksa vkSj NqVdkjkfoghu yksxksa dks fudky nsxk rkfd os ijes’oj dh l`f"V ds izfr vc vkSj foHkktu vkSj oSeuL; u QSyk ldsA

b- vkSj ;|fi rqe ifgys rks vyx fd, gq, vkSj eu ls cSjh Fks vkSj cqjs dkeksa esa yxs gq, Fks ¼opu 21½A

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95

fVIif.k;ka% elhg tu dh iwoZ voLFkk dk o.kZu djus ds fy;s ftu ’kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k] os esyfeyki ds fcYdqy foijhr FksA ^^vyx fd, gq,** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds vikyksfVª;ks ls fudyk gS] tks fdlh dks ,d nwljs dh lgHkkfxrk vkSj ?kfu"Brk ls vyx djus dks crkrk gSA ^^cSjh^^ ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ,dFkzkWl ls fudyk gS] tks cSj j[kus okys] ?k`.kk djus okys] fojks/kh vkSj ’k=qrk j[kus okys dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA

bZ- fQj Hkh mlus viuh ’kkjhfjd nsg esa e`R;q ds }kjk rqels esy dj fy;k gS ¼opu 22½A

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fVIif.k;ka% nks lR; lkeus fudy dj vkrs gSaA igys LFkku ij] esy dsoy elhg ds gekjs LFkku ij nq%[k mBkus vkSj elhg dh e`R;q }kjk gh laHko gSA nwljs LFkku ij] fo’oklh dk esy ,d laiw.kZ dk;Z ;k lPpkbZ gSA

m- fd rqEgs vius le{k ifo=] fu"dyad vkSj funksZ"k cuk dj mifLFkr djsa ¼opu 22½

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fVIif.k;ka% ;gka gekjs esyfeyki ds egku mn~ns’;ksa esa ls ,d mn~ns’; dk o.kZu fn;k gqvk gS & ifo=] fu"dyad vkSj ijes’oj ds le{k funksZ"kA ;g u dsoy ijes’oj ds le{k elhg esa gksdj] fo’oklh dh O;fDrxr fLFkfr dks crkrk gS] ijarq fo’oklh dk lPpk o O;fDrxr ifjorZu Hkh izxV djrk gSA og izfdz;k ftlds }kjk ijes’oj mudk ifjorZu djrk vkSj esyfeyki djrk gS] ifo=hdj.k dgykrh gS ¼ysfVu% lSaDVl ¾ ifo= $ Qslsjs ¾ cukuk½A ;g izfdz;k ifjorZu ds le; vkjaHk gksrh gS] fo’oklh ds laiw.kZ thoudky rd pyrh gS vkSj tc fo’oklh LoxZ igqaprk gS rc fl) gksrh gSA

96


v/;k; 16% Eklhg gekjk esyfeyki

Hkkx nks% esyfeyki dh lsodkbZ

blds iwoZ ds v/;k; esa] geus ^êsyfeyki** ds vFkZ ij fopkj fd;k vkSj bl fl)kar dh ckbcy ij vk/kkfjr O;k[;k dks ns[kk] vkSj bl fo"k; ls lacaf/kr ckbcy ds nks ikBksa dk v/;;u fd;kA bl v/;k; esa] ,d vkSj in dks ge /;ku ls ns[ksaxs tks elhg esa esyfeyki ds lS)kafrd vkSj O;ogkjhd egRo o esyfeyki dh lsodkbZ tks gesa lkSaih x;h gS] mlds Åij izdk’k Mkyrk gSA dSls ijes’oj ls esy gksuk gekjs thou thus ds rjhds ij vljdkjd gksrk gS\ ijes’oj }kjk fn;s x;s esyfeyki ds migkj ds izfr gekjh D;k izfrfdz;k gksuh pkfg;s\

1- 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%17&20 esa esyfeyki ds fl)kar vkSj esyfeyki dh lsodkbZ ds fo"k; esa ,d egRoiw.kZ in feyrk gS tks fo’oklh

dks fn;k x;k gSA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;saA rc fuEu okD;ka’kksa

ij vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

v ______________ijes’oj us elhg ds }kjk gels esy fd;k ¼in 18½

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fVIif.k;ka% ^êsy gqvk** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn dkVkyklks ls fudyk gS ¼^êsyfeyki ds vFkZ** ds varxZr Åij fy[kh ifjHkk"kk if<+;s½A bl okD;ka’k esa rhu izeq[k lR; ik;s tkrs gSaA izFke] fo’oklh dk esy ,d iqjh dh xbZ lPpkbZ gSA nwljk] esy ijes’oj dk dk;Z gS ftls mlus izkjaHk fd;k Fkk vkSj [kRe fd;k& euq"; dh dksbZ rkdr ugha gS fd og esyfeyki dks laHko dj ldsA varr%] esy dsoy elhg ds O;fDrRo o dk;Z ds }kjk gh laHko gks ldk gSA


97

c- vkSj gesa esyfeyki dh lsodkbZ nh ¼in 18½A

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fVIif.k;ka% ftudk esy ijes’oj ls gqvk gS] mUgsa ,d egku HkaMkjhiu ;k mRrjnkf;Ro lkSaik x;k gS rkfd lqlekpkj nwljksa ds lkFk ckaVs] rkfd os Hkh esy dj ysA ijes’oj dks Hkk;k fd og lqlekpkj izpkj ds }kjk Loa; ls euq";ksa dk esy dj ysA

d- vFkkZr ijes’oj] yksxksa ds vijk/k dk nks"k mu ij u yxkrs gq,] elhg esa txr dk esyfeyki vius lkFk dj jgk Fkk ¼in 19½A

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fVIif.k;ka% ;gka gesa elhg ds ijes’ojRo dk ,d vkSj izek.k feyrk gSA elhg esa gksdj] ijes’oj txr esa vk;k rkfd gekjs esy dks izHkkoh cuk ldsA esy rHkh laHko gS D;ksafd elhg us ’kkafr dh jkg dh ,d cM+h ck/kk dks fudky fn;k & vFkkZr gekjs vijk/kksa dks nwj dj fn;kA ,slk mlus vius yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy;s ejus ds }kjk fd;k] ijes’oj ds U;k; dh ekaxksa dks larq"V fd;k vkSj mlds dzks/k dks ’kkar fd;kA

M- vkSj mlus gesa esyfeyki dk opu lkSai fn;k gS ¼in 19½A

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98

fVIif.k;ka% ;h’kq elhg dk lqlekpkj esyfeyki dk dk;Z gSA ^^lkSaik** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn fVFkvk;eh ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^fu;qDr djuk] opuc) gksuk] vfHkf"kDr djukA** fo’okfl;ksa dks ,d egku HkaMkjhiu ;k dk;Z lkSaik x;k gS% mudh ih<+h dks lqlekpkj lqukukA

b- blfy;s] ge elhg ds jktnwr gSa ekuks ijes’oj gekjs }kjk fourh dj jgk gS ¼in 20½A

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fVIif.k;ka% ijes’oj euq"; dk mi;ksx djrk gS rkfd mlds esyfeyki ds dk;Z dks nwljksa dk crk;saA ;g ,d jktlh cqykgV gSA tks lqlekpkj dk izpkj djrs gSa] os izfrf"Br tu gSa tks ijes’oj dh fourh euq";ksa rd igqapk jgs gSaA

bZ- ge elhg dh vksj ls rqe ls fuosnu djrs gSa fd ijes’oj ds lkFk esyfeyki dj yks ¼in 20½A

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^fuosnu ** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ns;ksek; ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^vuqu; djuk] ;kpuk djuk] fuosnu djuk] ekaxuk ;k izkFkZuk djukA** ijes’oj ls esyfeyki djus dh vuqu; djus esa] ge yksxksa dks] u dsoy ijes’oj ds izfr mudh ’k=qrk dks ,d rjQ j[kus ds fy;s dg jgs gSa] ijarq elhg ds O;fDrRo vkSj dk;Z }kjk ijes’oj ls esyfeyki gksus ij feyus okys ykHk dks Hkh mBkus ds fy;s dg jgs gSaA Ikjes’oj tSrwu dh ’kkafr LFkkfir djus okyh ’kk[kk dks dqN fu;r fnuksa ds fy;s c<+k;sxkA ijarq ;g izLrko euq"; dh e`R;q vkSj elhg ds f}rh; vkxeu ds le; okil ys fy;k tk;sxkA tc ge yksxksa ls elhg dh vksj vkus dk fuosnu djrs gSa rc mlesa cMk+ vkxzg gksuk pkfg,A blh dkj.k] izsfjr ikSyql dgrk gS] ^^ns[kks] vHkh og xzg.k fd, tkus dk vkSj ^^m)kj ds fnu^^ dk le; gS ¼2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 6%2½A fQj ls] bczkfu;ksa dk ys[kd dgrk gS] ^^;fn vkt rqe mldh vkokt lquks] rks vius ân;ksa dks ,slk dBksj u djks** ¼3%15( 4%7½ A

99


v/;k; 17% elhg gekjk cfynku

cfynku ’kCn ySfVu Hkk"kk dh fdz;k lSdjQSlsjs ¼lSdj ¾ ’kq) ;k ifo= $ QSlsjs ¾ cukuk½ ls fudyk gSA bczkuh vkSj ;wukuh Hkk"kk esa dze’k%] tks izkjafHkd ’kCnksa dks iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS] os tckg vkSj Fkwfl;k gSaA nksuksa ’kCn fdlh dk o/k fd, tkus okys ;k fdlh ds ,sot esa cfynku Lo:i ekjs tkus okys fdlh tho dh vksj ladsr nsrs gSaA ijes’oj dk U;k; ikih dh e`R;q dh ekax djrk gS( vr% ijes’oj ds U;k; dks larq"V djus ds fy;s o mlds dzks/k dks ’kkar djus ds fy;s izk.kcfy p<+k;h tkrh gSA

iqjkus fu;e esa] O;oLFkk ds izR;sd mYya?ku ds fy;s ,d LFkkukiUu cfynku p<+k;k tkuk vko’;d FkkA ,d fu"dyad tkuoj dks ekjk tkrk Fkk vkSj ftl O;fDr us ijes’oj dh vkKk rksM+h] mlds LFkku ij ijes’oj dks cfy p<+k;h tkrh FkhA ;g /;ku nsuk vko’;d gS fd ^^cSyksa vkSj cdjksa dk ygw** iki dks nwj djs ¼bczkfu;ksa 10%4½A ,sls cfynku fuEufyf[kr ckrksa ds fy;s mnkgj.k dk dk;Z djrs Fks% 1- iki dh xaHkhjrk vkSj mldk n.M+ & ^îki dh etnwjh rks e`R;q gS** ¼jksfe;ksa 6%23½ 2- ,d LFkkukiUu cfynku dh vko’;drk tks ijes’oj ds U;k; dh ekaxksa dks larq"V djs( vkSj 3- ijes’oj ds iq= }kjk & ,d cM+s vkSj egku] cs’kdherh cfynku dh vko’;drkA

1- bczkfu;ksa 10%1&4 dks if<+;s( ;g va’k iki dks nwj djus esa] tkuojksa ds cfynku dh v;ksX;rk ds fo"k; esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

v- in 1 v ds vuqlkj] D;ksa tkuojksa dk cfynku] tks iqjkus fu;e dh O;oLFkk esa vko’;d cryk;k x;k Fkk] ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds iki dks nwj djus esa vleFkZ Fkk\

1- O;oLFkk esa rks Hkkoh vPNh oLrqvksa dk okL______________ugha] ijarq Nk______________ gSA

fVIif.k;ka% ^^Nk;k** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds fLdh;k ’kCn ls fudyk gS] tks ,d Nk;k vFkok :ijs[kk dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA ^^Lo:i** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn vkbdkWu ls fudyk gS] tks ,d Lo:i ;k Nk;k dks iznf’kZr djrk gSA iqjkus fu;e ds cfynku ,d lPph rLohj dh ek= ,d /kaq/kyh ;k izkFkfed :ijs[kk Fks% vFkkZr] elhg ds cfynku dh rLohjA

c- in 1 c &2 ds vuqlkj] ge dSls tku ldrs gSa fd iqjkus fu;e esa tkuojksa ds cfynku ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds iki dks nwj djus vkSj ’kq) djus esa vleFkZ Fks\


100

1- mUgsa fuja______________izfr o"kZ p<+k;k tkuk Fkk ¼in 1 c½

2- vxj os iki dks nwj dj ldrs] rks mudk fua______________ p<+k;k tkuk can D;ksa gks tkrk ¼in 2½

fVIif.k;ka% bl rdZ dk vuqlj.k djuk vklku gSA vxj tkuoj dk cfynku ijes’oj ds yksxksa dks ’kq) djus esa leFkZ gksrk] rks mUgsa ^^fujarj o"kZ izfr o"kZ** p<+k;s tkus dh vko;drk D;ksa gksrhA ,d gh ckj dk cfynku i;kZIr gksrkA tSls tSls ;s cfynku izfr o"kZ p<+k;s tkrs jgs] os yksxksa dks muds mYys[kuh; iki ;k nks"k ds fo"k; esa Lej.k fnykrs FksA

d- in 4 ds vuqlkj] tkuoj dk cfynku iw.kZr% ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds iki dks nwj djus esa o mudh v’kq)rk dks ’kq) djus esa vleFkZ gSA tks geus iwoZ ds inksa esa ns[kk gS] rks vki bls vius ’kCnksa esa le>kb;s fd ,slk D;ksa gSA

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fVIif.k;ka% euq"; us ijes’oj ds fo:) iki fd;k gS( blfy;s euq"; dk ejuk vko’;d gSA cfynkuh tkuoj dHkh Hkh euq"; ds fo:) bZ’ojh; U;k; dh ekaxksa dks iw.kZ ugha dj ldrs FksA ,dek= i;kZIr cfynku fdlh ,d euq"; dk p<+k;k tkuk vko’;d Fkk tks vuar fl)rk vkSj ;ksX;rk fy;s gq, gks & vFkkZr ijes’oj & euq";] ;h’kq elhg!

2- bczkfu;ksa 10%5&10 elhg ds cfynku dh loksZRrek ds laca/k esa lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ inksa eas ls ,d gSA bl in dks if<+;s vkSj

fuEufyf[kr iz’uksa ds mRrj nhft;sA

v- in 5&6 ds vuqlkj] elhg us tkuojksa ds cfynku ds laca/k esa D;k dFku fn;k Fkk\

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elhg gekjk cfynku

101

fVIif.k;ka% elhg bl ckr ls badkj ugha dj jgk gS fd ijes’oj us ewlk dh O;oLFkk esa tkuojksa ds cfynku dks fof/kor Bgjk;k FkkA og rks ljy :i esa ;g dg jgk gS fd ,sls cfynku iki dks nwj djus esa vleFkZ FksA mudk mn~ns’; rks elhg dh vksj ladsr nsuk FkkA

c- in 5&7 ds vuqlkj] elhg us bu vizHkkodkjh jgs tkuojksa ds cfynku dks gVkus ds laca/k esa D;k dgk\

1- Ikjarq rwus esjs fy;s ,d ns______________rS______________dh gS ¼in 5½A

fVIif.k;ka% bczkfu;ksa dk ys[kd lSIV;wftaV Hktulafgrk 40%6 ls mnkgj.k ns jgk gS ¼bczkuh iqjkus fu;e dk ;wukuh vuqokn½A elhg ds Åij ykxw gksrs gq,] ;g mlds nsg/kkj.k vkSj ijes’oj dh bPNk dks laiw.kZ HkfDr ds lkFk iwjh djus dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA

2- gs ijes’oj ns[k eSa rsjh bZ______________iwjh d______________ vk;k gwa] ¼in 7½ A

fVIif.k;ka% ;g u dsoy ijes’oj dh bPNk dks iw.kZ djus ds izfr elhg dh izo`fRr gS] ijarq mldks fl)rk ds lkFk iw.kZ djuk Hkh fufgr gSA

d- in 10 ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj dh bPNk D;k Fkh vkSj blus D;k gkfly fd;k\

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg ds fy;s ijes’oj dh bPNk mldh nsg dks mlds yksxksa ds fy;s] ikiksa dk okgd cudj] ,d gh ckj lnk ds fy;s cfynku nsus dh FkhA mldk fl) cfynku] mlds yksxksa dks] ijes’oj ds lkeus ifo= cukrk gS ¼1 fFkLlyquhfd;ksa 3%13½A

M- in 9 ds vuqlkj] tc elhg mlds yksxksa ds ikiks ds fy;s ejk] ijes’oj dk mlds yksxksa ds izfr O;ogkj esa D;k varj vk;k\

1- og i______________ dks gVk ysrk gS fd nw______________dks LFkkfir djsA


102

fVIif.k;ka% elhg ds nsg/kkj.k vkSj NqVdkjs ds dk;Z us iqjkuh okpk dh cfynkuh izFkk dk mlds ;ktdh; fof/k;ka vkSj laLdkjksa lesr var fd;kA og iqjkus fu;e dh leLr izfrKkvksa vkSj izdkjksa dh iw.kZrk gS vkSj u;h okpk dh uhao gS( mlds }kjk] fo’oklh ijes’oj ds ikl vkrs gSaA

3- bczkfu;ksa 9%11&14 ,d vkSj vnHkqr ikB gS tks elhg ds cfynku dh fof’k"Brk crkrk gSA dSls elhg dh ;ktdfd;rk vkSj

cfynku dh loksZPprk bu inksa esa izxV gqbZ\

v- opu 11

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fVIif.k;ka% iqjkus fu;e ds ;ktd bl i`Foh ds ifo= LFkku ij tkuojksa ds ygw dks ysdj izos’k djrs FksA elhg us Lo;a dk cfynku dyojh ds dzwl ij fn;k vkSj ijes’oj dh ije mifLFkfr esa izos’k fd;kA

c- opu 12

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fVIif.k;ka% dyojh ij viuk ygw cgkdj] elhg mlds yksxksa dk izfrfuf/k cudj] ijes’oj ds le{k LoxZ esa izzxV gqvkA ;g in ,slk ugha fl[kkrk fd elhg us viuk ygw ijes’oj ds le{k izLrqr fd;kA

d- opu 13&14

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elhg gekjk cfynku

103

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fVIif.k;ka% i`Foh ds ifo= LFkku ij vxj tkuojksa dk ygw ikih ;ktdksa ds }kjk lkjs mRloksa ds lkFk] v’kq) dh ckº; ’kq)rk ds fy;s p<+k;k tkrk Fkk] rks elhg dk ygw rks fdruk dqN djus esa leFkZ Fkk! gekjs Hkys dk;Z] gekjs nks"kh Bgjkus okys foosd dks ’kkar ugha dj ldrs] og foosd tks /kehZ dgykus ds gekjs lkjs O;FkZ iz;klksa ds ckn Hkh gesa ikih ?kksf"kr djrk gSA elhg dk ,d gh ckj lnk ds fy;s p<+k;k x;k cfynku] gekjs gj ,d iki dks nwj djus esa] gekjs nks"kh foosd dks ’kq) djus esa vkSj gesa ’kkafr o vkuan ds lkFk ijes’oj dh lsok ds ;ksX; cukus esa l{ke gSA

4- elhg ds cfynku laca/kh lR;ksa esa ls ,d egRoiw.kZ lR; ;g gS fd ;g cfynku ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds izR;sd iki ds fy;s ,d

gh ckj p<+k;k x;k ijarq lnk ds fy;s iw.kZ fd;k x;kA bczkfu;ksa dh iqLrd esa] ;g lR; ckjackj nksgjk;k x;k gSA fuEufyf[kr

inksa esa ls izR;sd in ij vius fopkj fyf[k;sA

v- bczkfu;ksa 9%25&26

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fVIif.k;ka% iqjkuh okpk ds mu cfynkuksa dh rqyuk esa] elhg ds cfynku dh egku loZJs"Brk ;g Fkh fd mlds ,d gh ckj ds cfynku us mlds yksxksa ds ikiksa dks lnk lnk ds fy;s feVk fn;kA

c- bczkfu;ksa 9%27&28

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104

fVIif.k;ka% iki ds fy, elhg dk cfynku bruk fl) vkSj ifjiq.kZ gS fd tc mlds yksxksa ds fy, mldk nqljk vkxeu gksxk rc muds ikiksa dk dksbZ Hkh mYys[k ugha gksxkA

d- bczkfu;ksa 10%12

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fVIif.k;ka% og ;ktd tks ^îzfrfnu [kM+k jgrk gS** ¼in 11½ vkSj elhg] tks ^^cSB x;k** gS ds e/; fojks/kkHkkl feyrk gSA vFkkZr elhg firk ds nkfgus gkFk cSB x;k gS ;g bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd mldk dk;Z iw.kZ gSA

M- bczkfu;ksa 10%14

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fVIif.k;ka% ijes’oj ds lkFk lgh laca/k esa gksus ds fy;s] ,d euq"; dks fl) gksuk vo’; gS] iw.kZ jhfr ls iki ls ijs gksuk pkfg;s vkSj ijes’oj ds fy;s vyx gksuk pkfg;sA tks ikih euq"; ds fy;s vlaHko Fkk] og elhg esa laHko cuk;k x;kA os lc tks elhg vkSj mlds cfynku esa fo’okl j[krs gSa] mUgsa ijes’oj ds le{k ,d fl) fLFkfr nh x;h gS] tks vifjorZu’khy vkSj ’kk’or gSA muds ikiksa vkSj O;oLFkkfoghu dk;ksZ dks og vc vkSj vf/kd Lej.k ugha djsxk ¼in 17½A

105


v/;k; 18% Eklhg esEuk gS

ckbcy esa] Eklhg ds lanHkZ esa] cfynku ls tqM+s fo"k; esa elhg dks ^îjes’oj dk esEuk** dgk x;k gSA esEus us btjk;y ds bfrgkl o vkjk/kuk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk;h gSA iqjkus fu;e dh cfynkuh izFkk esa] izfrfnu izkr% dky o la/;k le; ,d csnkx esEuk cfy fd;k tkrk Fkk ¼fuxZeu 29%38&39½A lCr ds fnu] p<+k;s tkus okys cfynkuksa dh la[;k nqxquh gks tkrh Fkh ¼fxurh 28%9&10½A blds lkFk gh ;g Qlg ds ioZ ds le; ekjs tkus okyk esEuk Fkk] Qlg dk ioZ og /kkfeZd mRlo Fkk ftls ijes’oj }kjk felz dh Hk;kud xqykeh ls NqVdkjk fnykus dh Le`fr esa euk;k tkrk FkkA

;|fi esEus dh miek fu’p; gh elhg ds vkpj.k dh dkseyrk vkSj uezrk dh ifjpk;d gS] ijarq bldk izkFkfed egRo ;g ugha gSA bfrgkl dh i`"BHkwfe ds izdk’k esa] elhg dh ^êsEus** ds :i esa tks rLohj gS] og mlds yksxksa ds LFkku ij cfynku nsus dh vksj ladsr nsrh gSA

Eklhg tks cfynku dk esEuk gS

esEus us iqjkus fu;e dh cfynkuh izFkk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuokZg fd;kA ;|fi] ,sls cfynku izfrNk;k vkSj izrhd Lo:i Fks tks ml vksj ladsr ns jgs Fks fd lalkj esa dksbZ ,d esEuk izxV gksxk tks ikiksa ds cks> dks mBk ys tk;sxk! og esEuk uktjFk dk ;h’kq elhg gSA

1- ;wgUuk 1%29 vkSj 1%36 esa cifrLek djusokyk ;wgUuk fdl izdkj ;h’kq elhg dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS\ dkSu ls lR;ksa dks izxV

fd;k x;k gS\ vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

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106

fVIif.k;ka% ;ktfd; ifjokj dk lnL; gksus ds dkj.k] cifrLek djusokyk ;wgUuk cfynku ds esEus vkSj Qlg ds ioZ ds esEus ds fo"k;d vf/kd ifjfpr FkkA ;g rF; fd ;wgUuk ds in dk nks ckj o.kZu fd;k x;k] cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS ¼1%29] 36½A cifrLek djusokys ;wgUuk us ;h’kq dks jktuhfrd NqVdkjk nsus okys ds :i esa ugh ns[kk] vfirq ijes’oj }kjk fu;qDr cfynku dk esEuk tks txr ds iki mBkdj ys tkrk gS] ds :i esa ns[kkA ;g okD;ka’k ^^ mBk ys tkrk gS** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn vfgjks ls fudyk gS] tks fdlh pht dks mBkus ;k /kkj.k djus dk vFkZ crkrk gSA elhg ds lanHkZ esa] bldk vFkZ gS fd mlus gekjs ikiksa dks mBk;k vkSj mUgsa ys x;kA ;g fdz;k orZeku dky esa gS tks lrr dk;Zokgh dks izxV djrh gSA elhg dh e`R;q dh lkeFkZ ;k izHkkoksRikndrk bl txr ds var gksus rd tkjh jgsxhA ^îki** ’kCn ,dopu gS] tks iki dks iw.kZ :i esa izxV djrk gS & blesa gj izdkj ds iki dh lexzrk fufgr gSA

2- ;’kk;kg 53%6&7 esa ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds fy;s ,oa muds LFkku ij elhgk tks dk;Z djsxk] bldk o.kZu feyrk gSA fdl izdkj

;’kk;kg dk o.kZu cifrLek djusokyk ;wgUuk }kjk ;wgUuk 1%29 ds o.kZu ls lekukarj gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^HkVd x;s** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn rkg ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^xyrh djuk] HkVd tkuk] iFkHkz"V gksuk ;k xqejkg gksukA** ;g dHkh dHkh u’ks ds lanHkZ esa Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gSA lc euq"; ijes’oj ls HkVd x;s gSa vkSj erokys euq";ksa ds leku gks x;s gSa tks vius u’ks dh voLFkk esa yM+[kM+krs gSaA okD;ka’k] ^^ge esa ls izR;sd us viuk viuk ekxZ fy;k]** ;g fl) djrk gS fd lHkh euq";ksa us og ekxZ viuk fy;k tks mUgsa Bhd tku iM+k] ijarq mldk var e`R;q gS ¼uhfropu 14%12½A gesa cpkus ds fy;s] ;g vko’;d Fkk fd elhg gekjs v/keZ dks mBk ys vkSj gekjs LFkku ij o/k fd, tkus ds fy;s tk;sA ;gka ge ns[krs gSa fd cifrLek djusokyk ;wgUuk igyk Hkfo";oDrk ugha Fkk ftlus elhgk dks mlds yksxksa ds iki mBkus okyk esEuk dgdj lacksf/kr fd;kA

Eklhg esEuk gS

107

3- 1 irjl 1%18&20 esa] gesa ckbcy ds leLr inksa esa ls ,d lcls lqanj in i<+us dks feyrk gS tks elhg ds O;fDrRo vkSj mlds

dk;Z ls lacaf/kr gSA bl in esa irjl] fdl izdkj ;h’kq elhg vkSj mlds }kjk mlds yksxkssa ds LFkku ij fd;s x;s m)kj ds

dk;Z ds fo"k; esa crkrk gS\ bl in dks dbZ ckj if<+;s tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa vkSj rc

fuEufyf[kr inksa ij vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

v- D;ksafd rqe tkurs gks fd ml fudEes pky pyu ls tks rqEgsa vius iwoZtksa ls izkIr gqvk] rqEgkjk NqVdkjk lksus ;k pkanh tSlh uk’koku oLrqvksa ls ugha gqvk ¼in 18½A

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^NqVdkjk ik;s gq,** ;g ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn Y;wVªksa ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks iqu% fdlh xqykeh ;k ca/ku ls [kjhnukA** bl in esa] fo’oklh vius iwoZtksa ls ik;s gq, O;FkZ ds pky pyu ls eqDr fd;k x;k gSA ;g ewfrZ iwtd ;k ;gwnh ij ykxw gks ldrk gSA ;gwnh vkSj vU;tkfr dh fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ijaijk] /kkfeZd jhfr fjokt vkSj uSfrd fu;e esa m)kj nsus dh lkeFkZ ugha gSA

c- iajrq funksZ"k vkSj fu"dyad esEus vFkkZr elhg ds cgqewY; ygw ds }kjk gqvk gS ¼in 19½A

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fVIif.k;ka% ySO;O;oLFkk 22%20&24 ds vuqlkj] ,d fu"dyad esEuk cfynku ds fy;s vko’;d FkkA irjl ds vuqlkj] elhg og esEuk gSA ckbcy dgrh gS] ^^D;ksafd mlds ¼euq";½ ds izk.k dh NqM+kSrh rks Hkkjh gS] mlds fy;s fQjkSrh dHkh i;kZIr ugha gksxh** ¼Hktu 49%8½A euq"; dksbZ Hkh eksy pqdk;s] og mldh vkRek dks NqVdkjk ugha ns ldrkA dyojh ij ,dek= elhg dk cgk;k gqvk ygw i;kZIr gS] D;ksafd og vueksy FkkA


108

elhg Qlg dk esEuk

Qlg ds ioZ ij esEus dks ekjk tkrk Fkk] Qlg dk ioZ og /kkfeZd mRlo Fkk ftls ijes’oj }kjk felz dh Hk;kud xqykeh ls NqVdkjk fnykus dh Le`fr esa euk;k tkrk FkkA ml jkf= tc ijes’oj us feflz;ksa dk U;k; fd;k] btjk;y ds izR;sd ifjokj dks vkKk feyh fd mUgsa ,d esEus ds ygw dks vius ?kjksa dh pkS[kV ij yxkuk gSA tc e`R;q dk nwr ogka ls xqtjk] rks mlus ijes’oj ds ftu yksxksa ds ?kjksa ij ekjs x;s esEus dk ygw yxk ns[kk] og ogka ls ^^xqtj x;kA** ;g ns[kuk dfBu ugha gS fd Qlg dk esEuk elhg dk gh izdkj gSA euq"; us ijes’oj dh vkKk rksM+h gS vkSj ml ij e`R;q dh vkKk gks pqdh gSA elhg vius mu naMkKk ik;s yksxksa ds LFkku ij [kM+k gS vkSj muds ,sot esa ej x;kA tSls iqjkus fu;e esa Qlg dk esEus ds ygw mlds yksxksa dks e`R;q ls NqVdkjk nsrk gSA

1- fuxZeu 12%1&24 esa] gesa ekjs x;s Qlg ds esEus ds }kjk] btjk;fy;ksa ds felz ls NqVdkjs dk ckbcy vk/kkfjr o.kZu feyrk

gSA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s tc rd vki bldh fo"k; oLrq ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa vkSj rc fuEufyf[kr iz’uksa ds mRrj

nhft;sA

v- fuxZeu 12%5 esa] Qlg ds ioZ dk o.kZu fdl izdkj fd;k x;k gS\ dSls ;g o.kZu elhg tks ijes’oj dk esEuk gS] ml ij ykxw gksrk gS\

1- eseuk fu______________gksA

fVIif.k;ka% ;g ’kCn bczkuh ’kCn rkfee ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS tks iw.kZ] LoLFk] v{kr] ;k funksZ"k gksA D;ksafd iki ds dkj.k euq"; u"V] nqcZy vkSj nks"kh gks pqdk FkkA ’kkjhfjd :i ls fu"dyad esEuk ikijfgr elhg dk izrhd ;k izdkj Fkk] tks mlds yksxksa ds iki ds LFkku ij Lo;a dk cfynku p<+k;sxkA

c- fuxZeu 12%21 ds vuqlkj] Qlg ds esEus ds lkFk D;k fd;k tkuk Fkk\ dSls ;gh lR; elhg tks ijes’oj dk esEuk Fkk] ml ij ykxw gksrk gS\

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Eklhg esEuk gS

109

fVIif.k;ka% ^ô/k djuk** ;g bczkuh ’kCn 'kkgsr ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn ^êkj nsuk** Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA Qlg ds esEus ds o/k us] elhg ds mlds yksxksa ds fy;s ekjs tkus dk iwoZ ladsr fn;kA izdkf’krokD; 5%9 esa] vkdk’k dh lsuk elhg dh efgek djrs gq, dgrs gSa] ^^rw bl iqLrd ds ysus vkSj mldh eqgjsa [kksyus ds ;ksX; gS D;ksafd rw us o/k gksdj vius ygw ls izR;sd dqy] Hkk"kk] yksx vkSj tkfr esa ls ijes’oj ds fy, yksxksa dks eksy fy;k gSA**

d- Ikn 22 ds vuqlkj] Qlg ds esEus ds ygw ds lkFk D;k fd;k tkuk Fkk\ izR;sd btjk;yh dks ygw ds yxkus ds ckn D;k djus dh vkKk nh x;h\ dSls ;gh lR;] ijes’oj ds esEus elhg ds Åij vkSj elhgh tu dh izfrfdz;k o mlds lkFk laca/k ij ykxw gksrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% lcls igys] ;g vko’;d Fkk fd btjk;yh ijes’oj ij fo’okl djrs vkSj mlus tks m)kj dk ek/;e cryk;k Fkk] ml ij fo’okl ykrsA Qlg ds esEus ds ygw ls] os vkus okys U;k; ls cpk;s tkrsA mlh izdkj] gesa ijes’oj dh vius iq= ds laca/k esa nh x;h xokgh ij fo’okl ykuk vko’;d gS ¼1 ;wgUuk 5%9&12½ & fd gekjs iki ds fy;s mldk cfynku] NqVdkjs vkSj ijes’oj ls esy djus dk ,dek= lk/ku gSA nwljh ckr] ;g vko’;d Fkk fd blzk,yh ml ygw dh lqj{kk rys] vius vius ?kjksa esa gh jgrs( D;ksafd ckgj fn[kuk fuf’pr gh ekSr dk dkj.k curkA mlh rjg] elhg o mlds }kjk dyojh ij NqVdkjs dk tks dk;Z fd;k x;k] mlds ckgj dgha vkSj NqVdkjk miyC/k ugha gSA dsoy ^êlhg es** ijes’oj ds lkFk iqu% u;s cuk;s cus laca/k esa leLr vk’kh"ksa miyC/k gSaA /;ku nhft;s fd ;g okD;ka’k ¼^êlhg esa** ;k ^^mlesa** ;k ^^fiz; esa**½ bfQfl;ksa 1%3&13 esa fdruh ckj iz;qDr fd;k x;k gS] tgka ikSyql m)kj dh vk’kh"kksa dk o.kZu djrk gS in 3] 4] 6] 7] 9] 10 ¼nks ckj½] 12] 13 ¼nks ckj½A

M- Ikn 23 ds vuqlkj] Qlg ds esEus ds ygw dk D;k egRo Fkk\ dSls bl lR; dks elhg ds cfynku vkSj ijes’oj ds U;k; ij ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gS\

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110

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fVIif.k;ka% felzh] tks ijes’oj ds dzks/k ls u"V fd;s x;s vkSj btjk;yh tks mlds U;k; ls cpk;s x;s] muds e/; ,dek= varj ygw dk FkkA mlh izdkj] fo’oklh dk O;fDrRo vFkok mlds dk;Z mls ijes’oj ds U;k; ls ugha cpk ldrs] ijarq elhg us dyojh ij fo’oklh ds ,ot esa tks ygw cgk;k dsoy og mls cpk ldrk gSA

2- 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%7 esa] elhg ds laca/k esa gesa ,d cgqr vf/kd egRoiw.kZ o.kZu feyrk gSA ;g gesa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

v- Qlg dk esEuk elhg Hkh cfy______________ gqvk gSA ;gka] ckbcy esa lh/ks ;h’kq elhg vkSj mlds NqVdkjk nsus ds dk;Z dks] Qlg ds esEus dk izrhd ;k Nk;k ds #i es izxV fd;k x;k gSA ^^cfynku** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn Fkwvks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn bl izdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS] ^^cfynku nsuk] ekjk tkuk ;k o/k djukA** oS;fDrd :i ls ,d elhgh tu vkSj fo’oOkfi dyhfl;k ds fy, ds fy;s] elhg ^^gekjs fy;s** Qlg gS] ftlds ygw ls ge /kehZ Bgjk, x, gSa vkSj vkus okys dzks/k ls cpk;s x;s gSa ¼jksfe;ksa 5%9½A ;g /;ku nsuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd elhg dh cfynkuh e`R;q gekjs fy;s Qlg ds leku gS vkSj iki ds ca/ku ls eqDr gksdj ifo= thou thus ds fy;s gekjh izsj.kk Hkh gSA blzk,fy;ksa dks dsoy v[kehjh jksVh [kkus dh vkKk nh x;h Fkh ,oa Qlg ds ioZ ds nkSjku vius ?kjksa ls lkjs [kehj dks ¼tks iki dk izrhd Fkk½ nwj dj nsus ds fy;s dgk x;k Fkk ¼fuxZeu 12%15½A blh ds leku ,d elhgh dks elhg ds izfr tks gekjs Qlg dk cfynku gS] mfpr HkfDr ds #i esa vius thou ls iki dks nwj gVkus dk ;Ru djuk pkfg,A

111


v/;k; 19% Eklhg cfynku dk cdjk

izk;f'pr dk fnu

izk;f’pr fnol bczkuh dSaysMj esa dks lcls ifo= fnu ekuk tkrk Fkk] D;ksafd bl fnu o"kZ Hkj ds yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy;s cfynku p<+k;k tkrk FkkA o"kZ dk ;gh ,d fnu gksrk Fkk tc egk;ktd eafnj ds ijns ds Hkhrj ijeifo=re LFkku esa izos’k dj tkrk Fkk] tgka ijes’oj fuokl djrk FkkA ml fnu] vusdksa cfynku fn;s tkrs Fks] fdarq ,d ?kVuk fo’ks"k :i esa elhg ds gekjs fy;s izk;f’pr dk dk;Z fd;s tkus dk l’kDr fp=.k izLrqr djrh gS% nks cdjksa dk pquko & ,d dks osnh ij cfynku p<+k;s tkus ds fy;s ;k iki ds ewY; pqdkus ds fy;s] vkSj nwljh dks taxy esa ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds iki dks ogu djds Hkstus ds fy;s pquk tkrk FkkA

,d cdjs dks cfy p<+k;k tkrk Fkk vkSj nwljs dks futZu esa Hkstk tkrk Fkk] ;g ns[kuk dfBu ugha Fkk fd dSls ;s nksuksa cfynku elhg dk izrhd ;k izfrPNk;k FksA ,d cfynku iw.kZ :i ls elhg ds izk;f’pr dk;Z ds f}Lrjh; mnns’; dk fp=.k ugha dj ldrk FkkA blfy;s] igys cdjs dks o/k fd;k x;k] tks elhg ds cfynku dk izrhd Fkk ftlus vius yksxksa ds iki dk _`.k Hkjus ds fy;s izk.k cfynku fn;k( nwljk cdjk futZu esa Hkstk x;k tks vius yksxksa ds iki mBk ys tkrk Fkk] ;g Hkh elhg ds iki & okgd gksus dk izrhd Fkk ftlus vius yksxksa ds v/keksZ dks mBk fy;kA

1- ySO;O;oLFkk 16%8 esa] gk:u dks nks cdjksa ij fpV~Bh Mkyuh FkhA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s tc rd ds bldh fo"k; lkexzh

ls vki ifjfpr u gks tk;sa vkSj rc fuEu iz’uksa ds mRrj nhft;sA

v- gk:u }kjk nks cdjksa ij fpV~Bh Mkyus dk D;k egRo gS\

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112

fVIif.k;ka% uhfropu 16%33 ;g ?kksf"kr djrk gS] ^^fu.kZ; ds fy;s fpfV~V;ka rks Mkyh tkrh gS ijarq mldk ifj.kke ;gksok dh vksj ls gksrk gSA** fpfV~V;ksa ds Mkyus }kjk fu.kZ; gksuk] izHkq ds pquko ;k loZJs"Brk dks izxV djrk gSA ;gka rd fd] l`f"V dh uhao Mkys tkus ls iwoZ] ,d vuar xgu :i esa] ;h’kq elhg ijes’oj dk pquko Fks ¼1 irjl 1%20½ A og ijes’oj }kjk NqVdkjk fn;s tkus ds fy;s ,d pquk gqvk lk/ku FksA dyojh ij elhg ds ej.k ls lacaf/kr izR;sd pht ijes’oj ds fo/kku vuqlkj FkhA izsfjr irjl us ;:’kyse esa ;gwfn;ksa ds lkeus ;g dgk Fkk] ^^blh euq"; dks] tks ijes'oj dh iwoZ fuf'pr ;kstuk vkSj iwoZKku ds vuqlkj idM+ok;k x;k Fkk] rqeus fo/kfeZ;ksa ds gkFkksa dzwl ij dhyksa ls Bqdok dj ekj Mkyk** ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 2%23½ A

c- nksuksa cdjksa dk o.kZu dSls fd;k x;k gS\

1- ,d cdjk iz______________ fy;s gSA

2- ,d cdjk ik______________ ds fy;s gSA

fVIif.k;ka% dsoy dksbZ ,d cfynku elhg }kjk izk;f’pr ds dk;Z ds nks igywvksa dk iw.kZ :i ls fp=.k ugha dj ldrk FkkA og cdjk tks ^îzHkq ds fy;s** Fkk] og cfynku ds :i esa o/k fd;k tkrk Fkk tks elhg ds vius yksxksa ds iki dk _`.k pqdkus dk izrhd FkkA nwljk cdjk] tks ^^cfy dk cdjk** Hkh dgk tkrk gS] futZu esa Hkstk tkrk Fkk rkfd og elhg }kjk mlds yksxksa ds iki mBkus dk izrhd BgjsA okD;ka’k ^^cfy ds cdjs ds fy;s** dk ;Fkk’kCn vuqokn fd;k x;k gS] ^^vtStsy ds fy;sA** vtStsy ’kCn dh laiw.kZ bfrgkl esa dbZ rjhdksa ls O;k[;k dh x;h gSA dqN fo}ku ekurs gS fd ;g nks bczkuh ’kCnksa ls fudyk gS ¼vts ¾ cdjk $vty ¾ eqM+ tkuk½ vkSj ;g le>k tkrk gS fd ;g ^ôg cdjk gS tks jokuk gks tkrk gSA nwljs fo}ku ;g ekurs gSa fd ;g vjch ’kCn vtkyk ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^fudky nsuk ;k nwj dj nsukA** rkSHkh nwljs ;g ekurs gSa fd ;g ,d O;fDrxr uke gS tks ’kSrku dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA bl vafre n`f"Vdks.k esa] ,d cdjk tSls ijes’oj dks vfiZr fd;k x;k gS vkSj nwljk ’kSrku dks & fdarq ,slk ekuuk] /keZ’kkL= esa izk;f’pr ds fy;s nh x;h ml iwjh f’k{kk dk ?kksj mYya?ku gksrkA ’kSrku ds dzks/k dks ’kkar fd;s tkus dh vko’;drk ugha Fkh] ijarq ,d /kehZ o ifo= ijes’oj ds dzks/k dks ’kkar fd;s tkus dh vko’;drk Fkh! ;|fi] bl in dk fcYdqy Bhd vFkZ fudky ikus esa vfu’p;rk gks ldrh gS] fdarq lcls vf/kd laHkkfor vFkZ og gS tks cfy ds cdjs dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS & cdjs dks racw ls nwj Hkst fn;k tkrk gS tks izrhdkRed :i esa yksxksa ds iki mBkdj futZu esa pyk tkrk gSA

izHkq ds fy;s fu/kkZfjr cdjk

ijes’oj U;k;h gS( blfy;s] og lk/kkj.kr% igys mlds U;k; dh ekaxksa dks larq"V fd;s fcuk gekjs iki dh mis{kk ugha dj ldrk gSA iki dh etnwjh e`R;q gSA igyk cdjk] vFkkZr og cdjk tks ^îzHkq ds fy;s** Fkk] osnh ij ekjk x;k] bl rjg og elhg ds cfynku dk izrhd Fkk tks vius yksxksa ds iki dk _`.k pqdkus ds fy;s osnh ij ekjk x;kA

Eklhg cfynku dk cdjk

113

1- ySO;O;oLFkk 16%9 ds vuqlkj] tks cdjk izHkq ds fy;s Fkk] mldk D;k mn~ns’; Fkk\

v- bls ik______________ ds :i esa p<+k;k tkuk FkkA ;g okD;ka’k bczkuh Hkk"kk ds ,dy :i okys pkVg ’kCn ls fudyk gS] tks Lo;a iki dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS ;k iki ds fy;s cfynku dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa] ;g ijes’oj dks p<+k;s tkus okyh cfy dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS tks iki ds nks"k dks nwj djus o mlds naM ds fy;s gSA lalkj ds ikiksa ds fy;s elhg ds lPps cfynku] dh ;g ,d Li"V izfrNk;k gSA

2- ySO;O;oLFkk 16%15&16 ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj us egk;ktd dks izHkq ds fy;s cdjs ds laca/k esa D;k vkKk nh Fkh\ dSls ;g elhg

vkSj mlds izk;f’pr ds dk;Z dk izrhd gS\

v- og ik______________ dk cdjk gksxk ¼in 15½ A

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fVIif.k;ka% bczkuh ’kCn 'kkdkr ls fudyk gS ftldk vFkZ gS] ^ô/k djuk ;k ekjukA** lk/kkj.kr% ;g cfy p<+k;s tkus okys tkuojksa ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk FkkA ;’kk;kg 53%7 esa] elhgk og esEuk dgyk;sxk] tks o/k fd;s tkus ds fy;s gksxk ¼bczkuh% rsc[k½A u;s fu;e esa] ;h’kq og esEuk gS tks ekjk x;k ¼izdkf’krokD; 5%6] 9] 12( 13%8½ A

c- og mldk ygw insZ ds Hkh ______________ yk;sxk ¼in 15½A

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fVIif.k;ka% egk;ktd dks ijeifo= LFkku esa izos’k djuk Fkk] tgka ijes’oj dk fuokl Fkk] rkfd yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy;s ikicfy p<+k;sA bczkfu;ksa dk ys[kd gesa crkrk gS fd elhg us iki ds fy;s cfynku Lo:i] viuk ygw cgkdj] LoxZ esa ijes’oj dh ije mifLFkfr esa izos’k fd;k ¼bczkfu;ksa 9%11&12½A tc elhg ejk] eafnj dk inkZ nks Hkkxksa esa


114

foHkDr gks x;k] ;g iznf’kZr djrs gq, fd mlds yksxksa ds fy;s {kek dk ekxZ [kqy pqdk Fkk vkSj ijes’oj ls vckf/kr esy laHko gks x;k ¼eRrh 27%51½A

d- og ygw dks ch______________insZ ds Hkh______________ ys vk;s ¼in 15½

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fVIif.k;ka% ^îzk;f’pr dk <duk** okD;ka’k bczkuh ’kCn dkWiiksjsr ls vuqokfnr gS] ftls ^îzk;f’pr dk LFky** Hkh vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g lksus ls fufeZr <duk Fkk vkSj bldh yackbZ yxHkx iSarkfyl bap vkSj pkSM+kbZ lRrkbZl bap Fkh] ;g okpk ds lanwd ds Åij yxk;k tkrk FkkA bl izk;f’pr ds <dus ds Åij nks LofxZ; izk.kh] ftUgsa d:c dgrs Fks] mudh vkd`fr cuh gqbZ Fkh( muds eq[kkd`fr ,d nwljs dh vksj Fkh] muds QSys gq, ia[k ijLij ,d nwljs dks vkSj laiw.kZ <dus dks <kai jgs FksA ;g eafnj ds ijeifo=LFkku esa fLFkr Fkk] tks ijes’oj ds mPp flagklu dk i`Foh ij fLFkr izLrqrhdj.k Fkk ¼;’kk;kg 6%1&3½A izk;f’pr ds <dus ds Åij ds LFkku ij ijes’oj us vius yksxksa ls feyus dh izfrKk dh Fkh ¼fxurh 7%89½( vkSj ;gha cfynku dk ygw fNM+dk tkuk Fkk] iki ds fy;s izk;f’pr djds] n;k izkIr dh tkuh FkhA lsIV;wftaV esa ¼iqjkus fu;e dk ;wukuh vuqokn½] dkWiiksjsr ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn fgy,LVsfjvksu esa vuqokfnr fd;k x;k gS] tks izk;f’pr fd;s tkus okys LFky vFkok oLrq dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA fgy,LVsfjvksu ’kCn jksfe;ksa 3%25 esa elhg ds fy;s iz;qDr fd;k x;k gS% ftls ^îjes’oj us mlds ygw esa fo’okl ds }kjk izk;f'pr Bgjk dj [kqYye[kqYYkk iznf’kZr fd;k gSA** elhg dh e`R;q ,d izk;f’pr Fkh D;ksafd og bZ’ojh; U;k; dks larq"V djrh Fkh vkSj blds }kjk ,d /kehZ ijes’oj ds fy;s ;g laHko gqvk fd og vius U;k; dks vizHkkfor fd;s fcuk] ikfi;ksa ds izfr d:.kk izxV djsA i`Foh ij fLFkr bl feykiokys racw esa] izk;f’pr ds <dus ij cdjs ds ygw ls fNM+dko fd;k tkuk] elhg ds ygw dk uewuk ;k izfrNk;k Fkh rkfd ijes’oj ls mlds yksxksa dk esy gks lds vkSj LoxZ esa ijes’oj dh ije mifLFkfr rd mudh igqap laHko gksA

M- og izk______________ djsxk ¼in 16½A

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Eklhg cfynku dk cdjk

115

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fVIif.k;ka% ^îzk;f’pr** ’kCn bczkuh ’kCn fdij ;k fdiqj ls fudyk gSA bldk fdz;k :i dQkj ifj"d`r fd;s tkus ;k izk;f’pr cuk;s tkus ;k esy djok;s tkus dks izxV djrk gSA pwafd ^^;g vugksuk gS fd cSyksa vkSj cdjksa dk ygw ikiksa dks nwj djs** ¼bczkfu;ksa 10%4½] ;g izxV gS fd ;g cfynku] tks gj o"kZ nksgjk;k tkrk Fkk] elhg ds }kjk] ,d gh ckj lnk ds fy;s fn;s x;s cfynku dk uewuk ;k izfrNk;k FkhA

vtktsy dk cdjk

geus vHkh vHkh ^îzHkq ds fy;s cdjs** ij fopkj fd;k gS] tks elhg ds cfynku }kjk yksxksa ds iki dk _`.k pqdkus ds uewus dk izrhd gSA fdUrq ,d cdjk] elhg ds vkxs vkus okys dk;Z dh nksgjh izd`fr ds fp=.k ds fy;s i;kZIr ugha FkkA vc ge ^^vtktsy ds cdjs** ds Åij fopkj djsaxs] tks taxy esa Hkstk tkrk Fkk rkfd elhg ftlus vius yksxksa ds iki dks ogu fd;k] mldk uewuk cu ldsA

1- ySO;O;oLFkk 16%21&22 ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj us cfy ds cdjs ds lanHkZ esa egk;ktd dks D;k vkKk nh vkSj fdl izdkj ;g

elhg vkSj mlds izk;f’pr ds dk;Z ds uewus dks izxV djrk gS\

v- vkSj gk:u vius nksuksa gkFkksa dks thfor cdjs ij j[kdj btjk;fy;ksa ds lc v/keZ ds dkeksa] vkSj muds lc vijk/kksa] funku muds lkjs ikiksa dks vaxhdkj djs vkSj mu dks cdjs ds flj ij /kjdj mldks fdlh euq"; ds gkFk tks bl dke ds fy;s rS;kj gks taxy esa Hkst ds NqM+ok ns______________ ¼in 21½

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fVIif.k;ka% vH;kjksfir fd;s tkus okys fl)kar dk ;g l’kDr vkSj laqnj fp=.k gS ¼ySfVu% bu ¾ bu ;k rjQ $ I;wVsjs ¾ fxuk tkuk½] ftlds varZxr ijes’oj vius yksxksa ds iki dks ,d funksZ"k ihfM+r O;fDr ij j[krk gS] tks muds LFkku ij naM Hkksxrk gSA egk;ktd dks vius nksuksa gkFk cdjs ds Åij j[kdj btjk;y ds leLr iki dk vaxhdkj djuk Fkk] ;g yksxksa ds iki ds iw.kZ gLrkarj.k dks izxV djrk gSA ;’kk;kg us izHkq ds fo"k; esa Hkfo";ok.kh


116

dh Fkh] og ge lc ds v/keZ dk cks> elhgk ds Åij ykn nsxk ¼;’kk;kg 53%6½A u;k fu;e bls Li"V djrk gS fd gekjk iki elhg ij ykn fn;k x;k vkSj mldh /kkfeZdrk ge ij ykn nh x;h ¼2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%21½A

c- og cdjk muds lkjs v/keksZ dks vius Åij ykns gq, fdlh lqulku LFkku esa pyk tk,xkA og euq"; ml cdjs dks taxy esa NksM+ nsA

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fVIif.k;ka% og cdjk ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds iki dks mBkdj taxy esa Hkst fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj ijes’oj dh mifLFkfr ls oafpr fd;k tkrk FkkA dyojh ij] elhg us vius yksxksa ds ikiksa dks mBk;k vkSj muds LFkku ij Lo;a ijes’oj }kjk R;kxk x;kA blh dkj.k og dzwl ij iqdkj mBk] ^^gs esjs ijes’oj gs esjs ijes’oj rwus eq>s D;ksa NksM+ fn;k\** ¼eRrh 27%46½ A ml cfy ds cdjs ds leku tks taxy esa HkVd jgk Fkk vkSj nwljs cfynkuh i’kq] ftudh nsg ’kgj ls ckgj tyk;h tkrh Fkh] elhg us Hkh ’kgj ds ckgj dzwwl dk nq%[k Hkksxk vkSj ejus ds fy;s NksM+ fn;k x;k] ijes’oj ,oa ijes’oj ds yksxksa dh mifLFkfr ls oafpr fd;k x;k bczkfu;ksa ¼13%11&12½ A

117


v/;k; 20% elhg xkM+k x;k

bl v/;k; eas] ge lqlekpkj ds ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ ijarq vDlj gh misf{kr igyw ij fopkj djsaxs tks elhg ds iqu#fRFkr gksus ds fy;s eap rS;kj djrk gS & mldk xkM+k tkukA

elhg dk xkM+k tkuk

1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%3&4 esa] ckbcy dgrh gS] ^êlhg gekjs ikiksa ds fy;s ejk vkSj xkM+k x;k] rFkk ifo=’kkL= ds vuqlkj rhljs fnu th Hkh mBkA** elhgh fo’okl ds nks cM+s LraHkksa ds e/; yxHkx fNik gqvk & ^êlhg ejk** vkSj ^ôg th Hkh mBk** & mlds xkM+s tkus dk lanHkZ gSA ;g lanHkZ lk/kkj.k :i ls nks cM+h ?kVukvksa dks cka/ks j[kus ds mn~ns’; ls ugha gS] ijarq mu nksuksa ?kVukvksa ds e/; dM+h ds :i esa mudh oS/krk dks n’kkZrk gSA elhg dk xkM+k tkuk ;g izek.k gS fd og lpeqp ej pqdk Fkk] tks mlds th mBus dh oS/krk dks izekf.kr djrk gS! bl dkj.k ls] izkjafHkd dyhfl;k ds fy;s ;g egRoiw.kZ Fkk fd og elhg ds xkM+s tkus dh iqf"V djsA

1- ;’kk;kg 53%9 esa] ,d Hkfo";ok.kh feyrh gS tks ,d ukVdh; izek.k gS fd euq"; :ih ;h’kq gh elhg Fkk vkSj ;gka rd fd

mlds thou vkSj ej.k dk lw{e fooj.k Hkh /keZ’kkL= esa iafDrc) feyrs gSaA ;g Hkfo";ok.kh elhgk ds vkxeu ds fy;s gesa D;k

crkrh gS\ eRrh 27%57&60 ds vuqlkj] fdl izdkj ;h’kq esa ;g Hkfo";ok.kh iw.kZ gqbZ\

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118

fVIif.k;ka% ^^fu;qDr fd;k x;k** ’kCn dks ^^Bgjk;k x;k** ;k ^^fufnZ"V** Hkh vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk gSA dzwlhd`r fd;s tkus okys vijkf/k;ksa ds fy;s lk/kkj.k izpyu Fkk fd mUgsa xM~Ms es Qsad fn;k tkrk Fkk fd fx) ;k dqRrs mUgsa viuk vkgkj cuk ysaA ijarq ijes’oj us ;g Bgjk;k Fkk fd mldk iq= lEeku ds lkFk xkM+k tk;sA ;wgUUkk 19%39 esa] gesa irk pyrk gS fd lkS ikmaM xa/kjl vkSj ,syqok dk lfeJ.k elhg ds xkM+s tkus ds fy;s yk;kA ;g fo’ks"k ek=k Fkh vkSj vR;f/kd egaxh Hkh FkhA

2- pkjksa lqlekpkj ys[kd ;h’kq ds xkM+s tkus dk o`rkar fy[kus esa lrdZ gSa ¼eRrh 27%57&66( ejdql 15%42&47( ywdk 23%50&56(

;wgUuk 19%38&42½A bu o.kZuksa dks if<+;s] vkSj elhg dh e`R;q vkSj mlds xkM+s tkus dh lR;rk dh iqf"V djus okys izek.kksa dks

igpkfu;sA

v- og ,d euq"; vjfe______________fuoklh ;q______________ }kjk nQuk;k x;k ¼ejdql 15%42&43½A ;gh euq"; elhg ds xkM+s tkus ds fy;s mRrjnk;h Fkk vkSj ftldh dcz esa elhg dks xkM+k x;k] og ml ;gwnh /keZlHkk ¼lsUgsafnzu½ dk izfrf"Br euq"; Fkk ftlus elhg dks ekSr dh ltk lqukbZ FkhA ywdk ladsr nsrk gS fd og ,d Hkyk o /kehZ iq:"k Fkk vkSj mlus elhg dks e`R;q naM fn;s tkus ds fy;s lgefr ugha nh Fkh ¼ywdk 23%50&51½ A mldh xokgh cgqr otu j[krh gSA lalkj dh dksbZ oLrq mlds fy;s vizkI; ugha Fkh vkSj elhg dk mfpr vafre laLdkj ugha djuk] mlds fy;s lc dqN [kks nsus ds cjkcj FkkA ;qlqQ us bruk cM+k tksf[ke flQZ elhg ds izfr izse ds dkj.k fy;kA

c- uhdq______________ Hkh ;qlqQ ds lkFk Fkk vkSj mlus ;h’kq ds ’ko dks xkM+s tkus dh rS;kjh esa lgk;rk dh ¼;wgUuk 19%39½A ;g O;fDr Qjhlh Fkk vkSj ;gwfn;ksa dk vf/kdkjh Fkk ¼;wgUuk 3%1½ Qjhfl;ksa us ;gwnh /keZlHkk ds lkFk ;h’kq dks dzwl ij p<k;s tkus dk "kM+;a= jpk FkkA ;qlqQ ds leku] uhdqnsel Hkh ;h’kq dks lEeku nsus ds dkj.k vius lkFkh Qjhfl;ksa }kjk cfg"d`r fd;k tk ldrk FkkA elhg dh e`R;q ds izfr mldh xokgh vkSj mlds xkM+s tkus dh fdz;k esa mldk Hkkx ysuk bu ?kVukvksa dh lR;rk ds leFkZu es fn;s x;s fodV izek.k gSA

d- ih ______________ us ;qlqQ dks ;h’kq dk ’ko ys tkus dh vuqefr ns nh ¼;wgUuk 19%38½ A ;h’kq dh e`R;q dh iqf"V bl rF; ls gksrh gS fd iksafr;ql ihykrql us dsoy lko/kkuhiwoZd tkap iM+rky ds ckn fd ;h’kq lp esa ej pqdk gS] mlds ’ko dks ys tkus dh vuqefr nh ¼ejdql 15%44&45½ A

M- ftl rjhds ls ;h’kq ds ’ko dks xkM+s tkus dh rS;kjh dh x;h Fkh] og Hkh ,d cM+k izek.k Fkk fd og ej pqdk FkkA ;wgUuk 19%38&40 ds bl o.kZu dks lkjxfHkZr dhft;sA fdl izdkj ;g o.kZu izxV djrk gS fd elhg lpeqp esa ej pqdk Fkk vkSj dsoy csgks’k ugha gqvk Fkk\

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elhg xkM+k x;k

119

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fVIif.k;ka% vxj elhg thfor gksrs] rks D;k bl ckr dks ;qlqQ vkSj uhdqnsel us ugha tku fy;k gksrk\ gjsd tu tks elhg ds ’ko ds laidZ esa vk;k] og mldh e`R;q ls lger Fkk & jkseh flikgh ¼ejdql 15%44&45( ;wgUUkk 19%32&34½] vjfefr;k dk ;qlqqQ ¼ywdk 23%50&53½] uhdqnsel ¼;wgUuk 19%39½] vkSj dbZ efgyk;sa ftUgksaus dzwlhdj.k vkSj xkM+s tkus dh fdz;k dks ns[kk Fkk ¼ywdk 23%55&56½A

Ekjus ds mijkar elhg dgka x;s\

Eklhg dh e`R;q vkSj mlds iquZthfor gksus ds chp ds rhu fnuksa dk fo"k; vDlj xyr le>k tkrk gSA fdUrq] ckbcy dk lko/kkuhiwoZd v/;;u ckbcy ds lHkh ys[kdksa ds fopkjksa dh lkE;rk dks izxV djrk gSA mldh e`R;q vkSj th mBus ds varjky esa] elhg dk vkRek dcz esa ugha jg ldk vkSj u gh udZ esa x;kA elhg ds Lo;a ds ’kCnksa esa tks mUgksaus izk;f’pr djus okys pksj dks dzwl ij dgs Fks] mlds vuqlkj] og mlds firk ds efgeknk;h fuoklLFkku ^^LoxZ** esa x;k Fkk ¼ywdk 23%43½A fuEufyf[kr i`"Bksa ij] ge bl fo"k; ls lacaf/kr lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ ikBksa dk ijh{k.k djsaxsaA

Hktu 16%10 & ^^D;ksafd rw esjs izk.k dks v/kksyksd esa u NkssM+sxk] u vius ifo= tu dks lM+us nsxkA**

^^v/kksyksd** ’kCn bczkuh ’kCn dk fyI;arj.k gS vkSj bldk vuqokn ,sls Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ^^v/kksyksd]** ^^dcz]** ^^x<~<k** ;k ^ûdZA** bl lanHkZ esa] Hktudkj lk/kkj.kr% ;g dg jgk gS fd ijes’oj elhgk dh ’kkjhfjd nsg dks HkkSfrd :i ls lM+us ugha nsxk] ijarq mls e`rdksa esa ls thfor djsxkA ;g irjl ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 2%27&31½ vkSj ikSyql ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 13%34&35½ ds }kjk nh x;h O;k[;k gSA

irjl izsfjrksa ds dke 2%27 esa bl in dks elhg ds iqu#RFkku ds i{k esa mn~/k`r djrk gS% ^^D;ksafd rw esjs izk.k dks v/kksyksd esa ugha NksM+sxkA**gsfMl ’kCn 'khvksy dk ;wukuh vuqokn gS vkSj mlh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA bu inksa dk lk/kkj.k vFkZ ;g gS fd firk] ;h’kq ds ’kjhj dks e`R;q ds ca/kuksa esa vi?kfVr ugha gksus nsxk] ijarq mls eqjnksa esa ls thfor djsxkA pkYlZ gkWt fy[krs gSa] ^^/keZ’kkfL=; Hkk"kk esa] blfy;s] v/kksyksd esa mrjus dk vFkZ vkSj dqN ugha cfYd dcz esa mrjuk gS] n`’; ls vn`’; esa tkuk] tSls lHkh euq";ksa ds lkFk gksrk gS tc os ejrs gSa vkSj xkM+s tkrs gSaA**7

jksfe;ksa 10%7 & ^^^v/kksyksd esa dkSu mrjsxk\ ¼elhg dks eqjnks esa ls thfor ykus ds fy;s½**

7 Systematic Theology, Vol.2, p.617


120

ikSyql dh Lo;a dh O;k[;k ij vk/kkfjr ¼^êqjnksa esa ls thfor mBuk**½ ^^v/kksyksd** ’kCn dk iz;ksx elhg ds v/kksyksd esa mrjus dh iqf"V ds ctk;] e`rdksa ds {ks= dh O;k[;k ds :i esa mRre yxrk gSA eSF;w gSujh fy[krk gS] ^^lk/kkj.k :i esa elhg dk xgjs esa] ;k vFkkg xgjkbZ esa mrjuk] vkSj dqN ugha cfYd] mlds e`rdksa dh voLFkk esa pys tkus dks n’kkZrk gSA**8

bfQfl;ksa 4%9 ______________ ^^vc ¼bl½ dFku dk fd og Åaps ij p<+k] D;k vFkZ gS\ dsoy ;gh fd og i`Foh ds fupys LFkkuksa esa Hkh mrjk FkkA**

;g lanHkZ crykrk gS fd ikSyql elhg ds nsg/kkj.k ds fo"k; esa fy[k jgk gS] fdlh udZ esa mrjus ds fo"k; esa ughaA elhg tks LoxZ esa p<+ x;k ¼LoxkZjksg.k½ og ogh gS tks LoxZ ls fups i`Foh ij mrjk ¼nsg/kkj.k½A ;’kk;kg 44%23 esa ge i<+rs gSa] ^^gs LoxksZ] Åaps Loj ls vkuan eukvks] D;ksafd ;gksok us ;g fd;k gS! gs i`Foh ds fupys LFkkuksa] t;t;dkj djksA gs ioZrksa gs ou vkSj mlesa ds izR;sd o`{k] rqe lc xyk [kksydj vkuan eukvks] D;ksafd ;gksok us ;kdwc dks NqM+k fy;k gS vkSj btjk;y esa efgekoku gksxkA** ;gka iqu% okD;ka’k ^î`Foh ds fupys LFkkuksa** lk/kkj.k :i esa LoxZ ds rqyuk esa i`Foh dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA

1 irjl 3%18&19 & ^Êklhg Hkh lc ikiksa ds fy;s ,d gh ckj ej x;k] vFkkZr v/kfeZ;ksa ds fy, /kehZ] ftl ls og gesa ijes’oj ds lehi ys vk,] ’kjhj ds Hkko ls rks og ekjk x;k] ijarq vkRek ds Hkko ls ftyk;k x;kA mlh esa mlus tkdj mu canh vkRekvksa dks lans’k lquk;k] tks ,d le; vkKk u ekuus okys Fks] vFkkZr mu fnuksa esa tc ijes’oj dk /kS;Z Bgjk jgk vkSj uwg dk tgkt cu jgk Fkk ftlesa dqN gh yksx] vFkkZr vkB O;fDr gh] ty ls lqjf{kr fudys FksA**

dqN yksx bl in dh O;k[;k bl rjg djrs gSa fd elhg ejus ds i’pkr~ udZ esa mrjk rkfd ogka jgus okyksa dks mldh fot; dh ?kks"k.kk dj ldsA lcls vf/kd lqlaxr O;k[;k ;g gS fd ifo= vkRek] ftlus elhg dks e`rdksa esa ls thfor fd;k] ogh ,dek= ek/;e Fkk ftlds }kjk elhg us uwg dh ih<+h dks izpkj fd;kA elhg us uwg ds izpkj ds ek/;e ls] ifo= vkRek ds }kjk muls ckrsa dhA uwg us elhg ds ftu opuksa dk izpkj fd;k] mUgksaus ml ij vfo’okl fd;k( blfy;s] os muds ikiksa esa ej x;s vkSj vkt rd ¼udZ esa½ canh gh cus gq, gSaA

1 irjl 4%6 & ^^blfy, ejs gqvksa dks Hkh lqelkpkj bl vfHkizk; ls lquk;k x;k fd ;|fi ’kjhj esa mudk U;k; euq";ksa ds vuqlkj gks & os vkRek esa ijes’oj ds bPNkuqlkj thfor jgsA**

;g in fd elhg dk udZ esa mrjuk bl dkj.k gqvk fd ogka clus okyksa dks izpkj djsa] dh O;k[;k djus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gS tSls ckbcy gesa Li"V :i esa fl[kkrh gS fd ^^______________tSls euq";ksa ds fy, ,d gh ckj ejuk vkSj mlds ckn U;k; dk gksuk fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS** ¼bczkfu;ksa 9%27½ A bl in dh O;k[;k bl izdkj gksuh pkfg;s tSls ,d ljy lanHkZ ds :i esa lqlekpkj mu dqN fuf’pr O;fDr;ksa dks izpkj fd;k x;k] tks irjl ds ys[ku ds le;] igys ls gh ej pqds FksA

8 Matthew Henry Commentary, Vol.6, p.439

elhg xkM+k x;k

121

ywdk 23%43% ^^mlus ¼;h’kq us½ mlls ¼pksj ls½ dgk] ÞeSa rq>ls lp dgrk gw¡ fd vkt gh rw esjs lkFk LoxZyksd esa gksxkAß

vxj elhg udZ ugha x;s] rks fQj dgka x;s Fks\ bl iz’u dk mRrj nsus ds fy;s] elhg ds Lo;a ds ’kCnksa dks ns[kuk mRre gSA ;h’kq us ejrs gq, pksj ls dgk] ^êSa rq>ls lp dgrk gwa fd rw vkt gh esjs lkFk LoxZyksd esa gksxkA** elhg dh e`R;q ij] mldh vkRek ,dk,d ijes’oj dh mifLFkfr esa pyh xbZA iqu#RFkku gksus ij] mldh nsg vkSj vkRek iqu% ,d ckj la;qDr gks x;sA ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd ^^LoxZyksd** ’kCn u;s fu;e esa dsoy nks ckj iz;qDr fd;k x;k gS] vkSj nksuksa ckj ;g Li"Vr% LoxZ dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS ¼2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 12%4( izdkf’krokD; 2%7½A

ywdk 23%46% ^^vkSj ;h'kq us Å¡ps Loj esa iqdkj dj dgk] Þgs firk] eSa viuk vkRek rsjs gkFkksa esa lkSairk gw¡Aß ;g dgdj mlus çk.k R;kx fn;kA**

bl laf{kIr fdarq l’kDr dFku esa] gesa vkSj Hkh izek.k feyrs gSa fd elhg viuh e`R;q gksus ds ckn vius firk ds ikl x;s FksA ;g ,d etcwr fo’okl }kjk fn;k x;k dFku gS] tks bl dFku ds leku ugha gS] ^^rw vkt gh esjs lkFk LoxZyksd esa gksxkA** eSF;w gSujh fy[krs gSa] ^^¼elhg½ viuh vkRek dks vius firk ds gkFkksa esa lkSairs gSa] fd og LoxZ esa xzg.k dh tk;s vkSj rhljs fnu ykSVsA**9

;wgUuk 20%17 & ^^;h’kq us mlls ¼efj;e ls½ dgk] êq>s er Nw( D;ksafd eSa vc rd firk ds ikl Åij ugha x;k gwa( ijarq esjs Hkkb;ksa ds ikl tk vkSj muls dg] ^êSa vius firk vkSj rqEgkjs firk] vkSj vius ijes’oj vkSj rqEgkjs ijes’oj ds ikl Åij tkrk gwaA**^

dHkh dHkh ;g rdZ fn;k tkrk gS fd elhg dcz esa rhu fnu jgus ds varjky esa LoxZ ij ugha p<+k tSls fd mlds Lo;a ds ’kCnksa esa tks mlus bl va’k esa efj;e exnyhuh ls dgs FksA fdUrq] /;kuiwoZd fopkj djus ij] ;g Li"V gS fd elhg ds pksj ls dgs x;s okD; ¼ywdk 23%43½ vkSj efj;e exnyhuh ¼;wgUUkk 20%17½ ls dgs x;s dFkuksa esa dksbZ fojks/kkHkkl ugha gSA rhu fnuksa ckn] elhg viuh nsg ds lkFk la;qDr gq, vkSj ejs gqvksa esa ls thfor fd, x;sA efj;e us ijes’oj dh ;kstuk dks xyr le>k Fkk vkSj vufHkK Fkh fd elhg dk LoxkZjksg.k iqu% gksxk ,oa bl ckj nsg lfgr gksxk vkSj og vius yksxksa ds fy;s e/;LFk cudj firk ds nkfgus gkFk fojkteku gksaxsA mlus rks ;g vk’kk dh Fkh fd og i`Foh ij gh jkT; djsxk vkSj txr ds elhgk ds :i esa jkT; djsxkA efj;e ds lkFk mlds ijLij okrkZyki esa og bl ckr ls badkj ugha dj jgk gS fd dzwl ij e`R;q gksus ds ckn mldh vkRek firk ds ikl Åij ugha x;h] ijarq og dg jgk gS fd mls vHkh Hkh nsg lesr LoxZ tkuk vko’;d gSA ;|fi efj;e us bls eglwl ugha fd;k] fdarq nsg lfgr LoxkZjksg.k gksuk NqVdkjsa ds dk;Z ds fy;s ije vko’;d FkkA

9 Matthew Henry Commentary, Vol.5, p.830

122


v/;k; 21% elhg thfor gqvk gS

lqlekpkj ds lans’k dh iw.kZrk dks lkjxfHkZr djus ds fy;s fuEukafdr dFku dks vDlj iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS% ^êlhg gekjs ikiksa ds fy;s ejsA** ;g ,d cgqr cM+h xyrh gS! 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%1&4 ds vuqlkj] ;h’kq elhg dk ’kqHk lans’k dsoy bl ckr esa ugha gSa fd og ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy;s ejs] ijarq og rhljs fnu thfor Hkh gq,A elhg ds e`R;q ds vykok mldk iqu#RFkku Hkh elhgr dh nks cMs+ [kEHkksa es ls ,d gSA iqu#RFkku ds fcuk elhg dh e`R;q ’kqHk lekpkj ugha gksrhA

fdlh u’oj ;k LofxZd tcku }kjk vk’kk iznku fd;s tkus okyk lcls cM+k dFku gS & ^êlhg th mBk gS!** mldk iqu#RFkku mlds ijes’ojRo dk lcls cM+k izek.k Fkk] mlds O;fDrRo dh iqf"V vkSj fu’p;rk gS fd ijes’oj us mldh e`R;q dks mlds yksxksa ds iki dk ewY; pqdkus ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA bl txr esa dqqN cgqr egRoiw.kZ fl)kar gSa muesa ls ;h’kq elhg ds iquZthfor gksus ds Åij lcls vf/kd vk{ksi yxk;k tkrk gSA elhgr dh fo’oluh;rk vkSj tks euq"; bl fl)kar ij fo’okl djrs gSa] mudk m)kj izkIr djuk] blh fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr gSA

,d ,sfrgkfld o`Rrkar

oscLVj dk ’kCndks"k ^^,sfrgkfldrk** dks ^^,sfrgkfld gksus dh xq.koRrk] fo’ks"kdj ikSjkf.kd ;k ikjaifjd gksus ls fHkUu** dgdj ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA ijes’oj ds iq= ds vkxeu dk o`Rrkar pkj lqlekpkjksa eas mYysf[kr ¼eRrh] ejdql] ywdk vkSj ;wgUuk½ gksdj] ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa ls blfy;s cM+s :i esa fHkUu gS D;ksafd ;g ,d lPph ?kVuk Fkh tks ekuo bfrgkl ds lanHkZ esa ?kVh FkhA

ijes’oj dk iq= gekjs lalkj esa lpeqp ,d fuf’pr le; vkSj ,d fuf’pr LFkku ij vk;k FkkA og ,d okLrfod vkSj ,sfrgkfld O;fDr Fkk vkSj mlds thou dk o`Rrkar mu yksxksa ds }kjk fyf[kr esa ntZ fd;k x;k tks mls tkurs Fks vkSj mlds thou o f’k{kk ds xokg FksA muds fy;s ijes’oj dk iqu#RFkku u dksbZ feFkd Fkk vkSj u gh dksbZ vkfRed ?kVuk( og rks ,d ,sfrgkfld lPpkbZ FkhA lPps bfrgkl ls vyx gVdj] iqu#RFkku dks dqN vkSj Bgjkuk] /keZ’kkL= dh xokgh dk badkj djuk gSA

elhg thfor gqvk gS

123

1- ywdk 1%1&4 esa] gesa l’kDr izek.k feyrs gSa fd lqlekpkj ds ys[kd b; ckr ij iw.kZ:i ls lger Fks fd os ,sfrgkfld lR;

dks ;k rks viuh O;fDrxr xokgh ds vk/kkj ij ;k vU; yksxksa dh xokgh dk lko/kkuhiwoZd Nkuchu dj ml esa laca/k tksM+ jgs

FksA ywdk ds lqlekpkj dk ;g ifjp; fdl izdkj izxV djrk gS fd mlus ;g fo’okl fd;k Fkk fd og lPps bfrgkl dks

ntZ dj jgk Fkk\

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fVIif.k;ka% ^^fooj.k fy[kuk** ’kCn ¼in 1½ ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ,sukrklksek; ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^dze esa j[kuk ;k O;ofLFkr djukA** ywdk us Lo;a ;g nkf;Ro fy;k Fkk fd ijes’oj ds nsg/kkjh iq= vkSj mlds dk;ksZ dk ,d dzec) vkSj ,sfrgkfld :i ls lgh o`Rrkar fy[ksA ^îzkIr gqbZ** okD;ka’k ¼in 2½ ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ikjkfnnksek; ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^fdlh dks dksbZ pht lkSaiuk fd og mls j[ks ;k mi;ksx esa yk;s( fdlh dks dqN opu nsuk ;k lefiZr djukA** izsfjr tks elhg ds lkFk ^îzkjaHk ls** Fks] os mlds O;fDrRo vkSj dk;ksZ dh lPpkbZ dks vU;ksa dks ^^lkSaius esa** fo’oluh; jgsA ^^ns[kk Fkk** ’kCn ¼in 2½ ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn vkVksVsl ls fudyk gS] tks fdlh p’enhn xokg dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA fpfdRlh; ’kCn ^^vkVksIlh** tks ,d foLr`r ijh{k.k dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS] blh ’kCn ls fudyk gSA ^^p’enhn** vkSj ^ôpu ds lsod** izsfjrksa ds fy;s iz;qDr laHkkfor lanHkZ gSaA ^^Bhd Bhd tkap** ’kCn ¼in 3½ ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn isjkdksyksfFk;ks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^vuqlj.k djuk** ;k ^^fdlh ds ihNs ihNs gks ysukA** yk{kf.kd :i ls] fdlh ckr ij utj j[kuk ;k mls iw.kZ :i ls tkapukA ywdk us lko/kkuhiwoZd lR; dk vuqlj.k fd;k Fkk vkSj mls lqlekpkj esa ntZ fd;kA okD;ka’k ^^lc ckrksa dksa______________Øekuqlkj** ¼in 3½ crkrk gS fd ywdk dk ijh{k.k O;kid vkSj fpark’khy nksuksa FkkA mlus leLr miyC/k lkexzh dk ijh{k.k dj fy;k FkkA mldk mn~ns’; ,sfrgkfld lR; dks fcuk vyadj.k ds ntZ djuk FkkA okD;ka’k ^^dzekuqlkj** ¼in 3½ ;wukuh ’kCn dSFksDlsl ls fudyk gS] tks ijaijk vkSj dze dks izxV djrk gSA t:jh ugha fd ;g dzec) dh vksj ladsr ns] ijarq ;g rF;ksa ds rdZiw.kZ o O;ofLFkr leUo; dks izLrqr djrk gSA ’kCn ^ôkLrfodrk** ¼in 4½ ds ;wukuh ’kCn


124

,slkQkfy;k ls fudyrk gS] tks n`<+rk] LFkk;hRo ;k fuaf’prrk dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA ywdk us blfy;s fy[kk rkfd fFk;ksfQyql dks tks ckrsa fl[kkbZ x;h Fkha muds izfr og iw.kZ :i ls fuaf’pr gks ldsA

2- ywdk }kjk izsfjrksa ds dke ds ys[ku esa] og vius lqlekpkj esa feyus okys fooj.k ds leku gh ,d ifjp; nsrk gSA rks izsfjrksa

ds dke 1%3 fdl izdkj izxV djrk gS fd ywdk us iqu#RFkku ds ckjs esa fy[krs gq,] Lo;a dks ,sfrgkfld rF; ntZ djrs gq,

ns[kk\

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fVIif.k;ka% okD;ka’k ^^Bksl izek.kksa** ;wukuh ’kCn rsdesfj;kWu ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn ^^Bksl izek.k** ;k ^^lh/kk ladsr** ds :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA u;s fu;e esa elhg th mBus ds ckn rsjg ckj izxV gksus dk mYys[k gSA vxj elhg fdlh ,d O;fDr dks ,d ckj vYi le; ds fy;s izxV gksrk rks la’k; djus ds cgqr volj gksrs( iajrq og vusd yksxksa dks dbZ ckj pkyhl fnuksa rd fn[kkbZ nsrs jgk] bl ckr us izkjafHkd psyksa dh xokgh dks l’kDr cuk;kA ^îjes’oj ds jkT; dh ckrksa ds fo"k; esa crkrk jgk]** ;g vfr egRoiw.kZ okD;ka’k gSA elhg us dsoy izxV gksuk ;k vn’; gks tkuk ugha fd;k( cfYd og vius psyksa ds lkFk Bgjk jgk vkSj mUgsa oSls gh f’k{kk nh tSls viuh eR;q ds igys fn;k djrk FkkA izsfjr vkSj izkjafHkd f’k";ksa dh xokgh QSaVe ¼ek;koh euq";½ ds leku izxV gksus okys vfLrRo ij vk/kkfjr ugha Fkh] ijarq iqu#fRFkr elhg dh lPph ,oa O;fDrxr lgHkkfxrk ds vk/kkj ij Fkh ¼ywdk 24%27½ dks Hkh if<+;sA

3- izsfjrksa ds dke 10%38&42 esa izsfjr irjl ds lans’k muds fy;s ntZ fd;s x;s gSa tks igyh ckj vU;tkfr ls eu ifjorZu gksdj

fo’okl esa yk, tkus okys FksA ml fooj.k dks if<+;s vkSj in 40&42 esa elhg ds iqu:RFkkudh ,sfrgkfldrk ds ckjs esa izsfjr

}kjk fn;s x;s fopkj dk vuqlj.k dhft;sA

v- ijes’oj us mls rh______________ fnu ft______________ ¼in 40½A ;g ijes’oj }kjk uktjFk ds ;h’kq ds O;fDrRo vkSj dk;Z dh iqf"V Fkh ¼jksfe;ksa 1%4½A laiw.kZ elhgr blh lR; ij vk/kkfjr gSA blh dkj.k ls iqu:RFkkudks u;s fu;e esa ckj ckj ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

elhg thfor gqvk gS

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c- vkSj mls iz______________ Hkh gksus fn;k ¼in 40½ A elhg dk izxV gksuk ijes’oj dh vius yksxksa ds izfr mnkjrk dh vfHkO;fDr FkhA

d- lc yksxksa ij ugha] ijarq m______________ ij ftUgsa ijes’oj us igys ls pq______________ Fkk ¼in 41½ bl txr esa viuh lsodkbZ ds nkSjku fd;s x;s vk’p;ZdeksZ ds leku] elhg dk iqu:RFkku ds ckn izxV gksuk Hkh ijes’oj ds loksZPp ekxZn’kZu esa gksrk Fkk vkSj mldk ,d fof’k"V mn~ns’; Fkk & viuh dyhfl;k dk fuekZ.k djukA elhg Lo;a dks U;k;laxr Bgjkus ds fy;s vfo’okfl;ksa ds lkeus izxV ugha gqvkA fQj Hkh] ,slk] mlds f}rh; vkxeu ds le; gksxkA

M- vFkkZr ge ij ftUgksaus mlds e`rdksa esa ls th mBus ds i’pkr mlds lkFk [kk______________ vkSj fi______________ ¼in 41½ elhg ek= ,d ykSfdd QSaVe ds leku ;k {k.kHkaxqj >yd ds leku izxV ugha gqvk( mlus vius yksxksa ds lkFk laxfr dh vkSj vius nsg lfgr iqu:RFkku ds fuf’pr izek.k fn;s ¼;wgUuk 20%26&27( 21%9&14½A

b- mlus gesa vkKk nh fd______________ vkSj n`<+rkiwoZd lk______________ nsa ¼in 42½A ;g okD;ka’k ;wukuh ’kCn Mk;ejpqjksek; ls fudyk gS] tks vR;ar bZekunkjh] xaHkhjrk vkSj vkdf"kZr Hkko ls xokgh nsus dks izxV djrk gSA

bZ- ;g ogh gS ftls ijes’oj us thforksa vkSj e`rdksa dk U;k______________ fu;q______________fd;k gS ¼in 42½A iqu#RFkku og izek.k gS fd elhg m)kjdrkZ gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 4%12½] izHkq gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 2%36½ vkSj U;k;h gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 17%31½A

t- dSls ;g va’k izxV djrk gS fd irjl us elhg ds iqu:RFkku dks bfrgkl dh ,d lPph ?kVuk ds :i esa ns[kk\

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4- 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%3&9 esa Hkh ,d nwljk i;kZIr izek.k feyrk gS tks iqu:RFkkudh oS/krk dh iqf"V djrk gSA izsfjr ikSyql }kjk ftu

yksxksa dk uke fy;k x;k gS fd mUgksaus iqu:fRFkr elhg dks ns[kk gS] fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft;sA

v- rc og dS______________dks ¼in 5½A ;g irjl dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS ¼;wgUuk 1%42½A ;g izxVhdj.k ywdk 24%34 esa ntZ gS vkSj elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds fnu gh ?kfVr gqvk FkkA


126

c- vkSj fQj ck______________ dks fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼in 5½A ;|fi] ;gwnk vc izsfjrksa esa ugha jgk vkSj mudh la[;k ?kVdj X;kjg gks x;h] mUgsa vHkh Hkh ^^ckjg psys** dgdj lacksf/kr fd;k tkrk gSA iqu#RFkku ds Ik’pkr vius psyksa dks fn[kkbZ nsus dh dqN ?kVukvksa esa ls ,d ?kVuk ¼in 7½ dks if<+;sA ;g ?kVuk iqu#RFkku dh la/;k dks gqbZ vkSj ywdk 24%36&43 vkSj ;wgUuk 20%19&23 esa bldk mYys[k feyrk gSA

d- blds i’pkr ika______________ ls vf/kd Hkkb;ksa dks ,d lkFk fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼in 6½A ;g laHkor% izsfjrksa ds dke 1%6&11 ds lanHkZ esa gSA ;g rF; fd elhg ikap lkS ,df=r yksxksa dks ,d lkFk fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼,d gh LFkku o ,d gh le; esa½ blls ;g laHkkouk {kh.k gks tkrh gS fd mls igpkuus esa dksbZ pwd gqbZ gks ;k ;g dksbZ efrHkze gksA iqjkus fu;e dh O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj] ^^nks ;k rhu O;fDr;ksa dh xokgh ij vfHk;ksx izekf.kr fd;k tk;sxk** ¼O;oLFkkfooj.k 19%15½A ;g okLrfodrk fd ikSyql ds ys[ku ds le; ikap lkS tu vc Hkh thfor gh Fks vkSj bldh iqf"V djus ds fy;s cqyk;s tk ldrs Fks] ikSyql ds rdZ dks vfrfjDr vk/kkj nsrs gSaA

M- rc og ;k______________ dks fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼in 7½A ;g ;h’kq ds lkSrsys HkkbZ dh vksj ladsr gS ¼eRrh 13%55½A og iqu:RFkku gksus rd ;h’kq ds elhgk gksus ds nkos ij fo’okl ugha djrk Fkk ¼;wgUuk 7%5½] fQj og izsfjrksa ds lkFk lgHkkxh gqvk ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 1%14½ vkSj izkjafHkd elhfg;ksa ds e/; lcls izeq[k vxqvk cu x;k ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 15%13½ A

b- vkSj lcls var esa eq______________dk tUek gwa ¼in 8½A ;g okD;ka’k ;wukuh ’kCn ,DVªksek ls fudyk gS] tks xHkZ fxjus ;k v/kwjs tUe dks n’kkZrk gSA ikSyql ewyr% elhg dh bl txr dh lsodkbZ ds nkSjku muds ckjg psyksa esa ls ,d ugha Fkk] ijarq og ckn esa ifjofrZr gqvk Fkk] tc elhg ls nfe’d ds ekxZ esa mldk lkeuk gqvk Fkk ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 9%3&6] 17½ A

bZ- vki ds ’kCnksa esa] ;g le>kb;s fd ;g in dSls izxV djrk gS fd ikSyql us iqu:RFkku dks lPph vkSj ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk ekuk FkkA

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fVIif.k;ka% dkydzec) lwph vuqlkj elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds ckn fn[kkbZ nsus ls laca)] ikSyql us Hkh izxV fd;k fd mlus elhg ds iqu:RFkkudks bfrgkl esa lPph ?kVuk ds :i esa ns[kk gS & og ?kVuk ftldh vka[kksa ns[kh xokgh ls iq"Vh dh xbZA

elhg thfor gqvk gS

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Ckkbcy dk fooj.k

blds igys fd ge elhg ds iqu:RFkku ij vkSj vf/kd fopkj djsa] ckbcy ds o.kZu vuqlkj] lkjh ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa ds lkj ij euu djuk lgk;d fl) gksxkA

;g ;h’kq elhg dh eR;q ds rhljs fnu dh Hkksj dh ?kVuk gSA efgyk;sa Hk;Hkhr lh cxhps esa igqaprh gSa tgka elhg dh nsg dcz esa j[kh gqbZ gSA muds fy;s ;gka vkus dk dk;Z fdlh vk’kk ls izsfjr u gksdj d:.kk ls Hkjk gqvk FkkA mudh ,dek= bPNk Fkh fd muds fiz; ;h’kq dk mfpr jhfr ls vafre laLdkj gksA mudh okrkZ ?kV dj laf{kIr rduhdh gks xbZ Fkh% ^gekjs fy;s iRFkj dkSu yq<+dk;sxk\** ¼ejdql 16%2&4½A iqu:RFkku rks muds fnekx ds fy;s cgqr nwj dh ckr gSA ;|fi] d:.kk Hk; esa cny xbZ] Hk; vrIr vk’kk esa vkSj vk’kk c;ku ls ckgj vkuan vkSj efgek dh iw.kZrk esa cny xbZ! mudk Lokxr yq<+ds gq, iRFkj] [kqyk njoktk] [kkyh dcz vkSj ,d LofxZd ’kqHk lans’k us fd;k% ^^rqe thfor dks ejs gqvksa esa D;ksa <wa<rh gks\ og ;gka ugha gS] ijarq og th mBk gS** ¼ywdk 24%5&8½A

efgyk;sa ^^Hk; vkSj cM+s vkuan** ds lkFk ’kh?kzrk ls dcz ls Hkkxh ¼eRrh 28%8½A os psyksa dks ;g ckr lqukus ds fy;s nkSM+h] fdarq mudh lk{kh mu yksxksa dks ew[kZrk vkSj fujFkZd ckr izrhr gqbZ] ftUgsa mu efgykvksa ij fo’okl dj ysuk Fkk ¼ywdk 24%11½A rc] vk’kk ds foijhr fopkj djrs gq,] irjl vkSj ;wgUuk [kkyh dcz dh rjQ nkSM+sA ,d NksVs lh] gSjku dj nsus okyh [kkst ds i’pkr] os vU; yksxksa ds ikl fcuk fdlh Bksl ckr ds igqaps% ^^vHkh rd os ifo=’kkL= dh og ckr u le>s Fks fd erdksa esa ls mldk th mBuk vo’; gS** ¼;wgUuk 20%9½A

’kh?kzrk ls ogka ls fonk gksus esa] os jksrh gqbZ efj;e exnyhuh dks ihNs NksM+ x;s] tks lcls igys iqu:fRFkr izHkq dks ns[krh gSA rc mls izHkq ls vkKk feyrh gS fd og mu vfo’oklh psyksa ds ikl ,d ckj fQj ykSV dj mUgsa crk;s] ;g mlds iqu#RFkku dh ,d vkSj iqf"V gS ¼;wgUuk 20%11&18½A dcz ls ykSVrh efgykvksa ds lkeus ;g nwljk izxVhdj.k Fkk ¼eRrh 28%9&10½] vkSj rc rhljk izxVhdj.k] ,EekÅl dh lM+d ij] fDy;ksikl vkSj ,d vU; psys ds lkeus gqvk ¼ywdk 24%13&32½A vkf[kjdkj] og irjl ds lkeus vdsys esa izxV gksrk gS ¼ywdk 24%34½( rc X;kjg psyksa ds lkeus nks ckj & igyh ckj tc Fkksek ogka ugha Fkk ¼;wgUUkk 20%19&25½ vkSj rc tc Fkksek ogka mifLFkr Fkk ¼;wgUUkk 20%26&29½ & vkSj iqu% xyhy dh >hy ij mlds lkr psyksa dks fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼;wgUUkk 21%1&14½ A og vius vfo’oklh lkSrsys HkkbZ ;kdwwc dks Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%7½] ftldk thou mlls lkeuk gksus ds ckn bruk cny x;k fd og psyksa ds lkFk izkFkZuk djus okys lewg dk ,d Hkkx gks x;k ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 1%14½ vkSj ;:’kyse ds ppZ dk ,d LraHk dgyk;k ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 15%13½A var esa] og nfe’d ds ekxZ ij rjlql tkus okyh lM+d ij ^^v/kwjs le; ds tUes** ’kkÅy ¼ckn esa ikSyql½ ds lkeus izxV gksrk gS ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%8½A bl eqBHksM+ ;k blds izHkko ds ckjs esa fy[kuk yxHkx vuko’;d gSA ogh euq"; ftlus elhgr ds fouk’k dh ’kiFk yh Fkh] elhgr dk lcls mRlkgh izpkjd gks tkrk gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 9%1&2( 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%10½A

var esa] gekjs ikl /keZ’kkL= dk Bksl opu gS fd vius LoxkZjksg.k ds iwoZ izHkq vusd yksxksa ds fy;s lk{kh cuk] oS;fDrd ls ysdj ^îkap lkS ls vf/kd yksxksa dks ,d gh le; esa** fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%6½A

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v/;k; 22% iqu#RFkku esa gekjs fo’okl dh cqfu;kn

bl v/;;u esa] ;g v/;k; lcls laf{kIr gS] ijarq elhg ,oa mlds iqu#RFkku ij fo’oklh ds fo’oklh ds laca/k esa ;g lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA

elhgr ds izfr}anh] elhg ds ,sfrgkfld iqu:RFkku ij izgkj djus ij dsafnzr gksus esa lgh Fks] D;ksafd ikSyql 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15 esa ladsr nsrk gS] fd gekjs fo’okl dh laiw.kZrk blh ij fuHkZj djrh gS! vxj elhg ftyk;s ugha tkrk] rks gekjk fo’okl djuk Hkh O;FkZ gksrk ¼in 14] 17½% geesa ls os tks ekurs gSa fd os vHkh iki esa gSa] vkSj os tks elhg esa lks x, gSa] lnk ds fy, uk’k gks pqds gSa ¼in 17&18½A blls Hkh c<+dj] ;g ckr vo’; gksrh fd ge ftl iqu#RFkku dk izpkj djrs gSa rks ijes’oj dh >wBh xokgh nsrs gSa] D;ksafd ge ijes’oj ds fo"k; esa ;g lk{kh nsrs gSa fd mlus elhg dks ftyk;k tc fd mlus ugha ftyk;k ¼in 15½A var esa] vxj elhg ftyk;k ugh x;k] rks gekjk thou n;uh; :i esa fujk’kk ls Hkjk gqvk gksrk% ge fcuk fdlh dkj.k ls ijs’kkfu;ka Hkksxrs jgrs vkSj ,d >wBs Hkfo";oDrk ds dkj.k ?k`.kk;ksX; Bgjrs] ftlesa cpkus dh lkeFkZ ugha gSA tSls fd izsfjr ikSyql fy[krk gS% ^^;fn geus dsoy blh thou esa elhg ij vk’kk j[kh gS rks gekjh n’kk lc euq";ksa ls vf/kd n;uh; gS** ¼in 19½A

gekjh Lo;a dh LohdkjksfDr ls] elhgh fo’okl ds fy;s iqu:RFkku lc dqN gSA vxj elhg ftyk;s ugha x;s gSa rks gekjk /keZ >wBk gSA blfy;s] Lo;a ls ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ iz’u iwN dj ge vPNk gh djsaxs% ^^ge dSls tkurs gSa fd elhg lp esa ftyk;k x;k\** vxys bu nks v/;k;ksa esa] ge vH;kliqfLrdk ds izk:i ls ckgj fudysaxsa rkfd ge nks cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ ijarq vk/kkjHkwr fHkUu ek/;e ftuds }kjk iqu#RFkku dh lR;rk ls gekjk ifjp; djok;k x;k] ij fopkj djsaxs & ;g gekjs lkeus ifo= vkRek ds izdk’ku o iqutZUe nsus okys dk;Z ds }kjk izxV fd;k x;k gS] vkSj gekjs fy;s bldh iqf"V Lo;a ?kVuk ls tqM+s ,sfrgkfld izek.k ds }kjk gksrh gSA ifgyk iw.kZr% vko’;d gSA ckn dk elhgh fo’okl dh l’kDr iqf"V djrk gS vkSj bl vfo’oklh txr ds lkFk laokn ds fy;s izHkko’kkyh gfFk;kj gSA

iqu#RFkku esa gekjs fo’okl dh cqfu;kn

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ifo= vkRek dk dk;Z

izksVsLVSaV ppZ vDlj iqu#RFkku esa vius fo’okl dks oS/k Bgjkus ds fy;s [kkyh dcz] e`r ’kjhj izLrqr u dj ikus esa elhg ds ’k=qvksa dh vleFkZrrk] psyksa dk ifjorZu] vkSj dbZ nwljs ,sfrgkfld vkSj oS/kkfud izek.kksa dks izLrqr djrk gSA fdUrq] ;s izek.k vo’; bl ckr dks izxV djrs gSa fd elhgh fo’okl vlaxr ;k bfrgkl fojks/kh ugha gS] ijarq mUgsa elhgh fo’okl ds vk/kkj ;k uhao ds :i esa ugha ns[kk tkuk pkfg;sA ;s fuEu rF;ksa ls izxV fd;k tk ldrk gSA

igys LFkku ij] psyksa us bl izdkj ds rdZ dk muds izpkj esa iz;ksx ugha fd;kA mUgksaus iqu#RFkku dks izekf.kr djus ds fy;s la?k"kZ ugha fd;k] ijarq mls ?kksf"kr djus ds fy;s izfrc) jgs ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 4%2] 33( 17%18( 24%21½A mudk fo’okl muds l’kDr rdksZ esa ugha ik;k tkrk Fkk] ijarq cpkus okys lqlekpkj dh lkeFkZ esa fufgr Fkk! izsfjr ikSyql us dqfjaFk ds ppZ dks fy[kh] viuh izFke i=h esa tks fy[kk] ml ij fopkj dhft;s%

^^D;ksafd dzwl dh dFkk uk’k gksus okyksa ds fy;s ew[kZrk gS] ijarq ge m)kj ikus okyksa ds fy, ijes’oj dh lkeFkZ gS++++______________D;ksafd ;gwnh fpaUg ekaxrs gSa vkSj ;wukuh Kku dh [kkst esa jgrs gSa( ijarq ge rks dzwl ij p<+k, x, elhg dk izpkj djrs gSa] tks ;gwfn;ksa dh n`f"V esa Bksdj dk dkj.k vkSj xSj;gwfn;ksa ds fy, ew[kZrk gS** ¼1%18] 22&24½A

^^Hkkb;ks] tc eSa rqEgkjs ikl ijes'oj *ds fo"k; esa xokgh nsrk gqvk vk;k rks 'kCnksa ;k Kku dh mÙkerk ds lkFk ugha vk;kA D;ksafd eSaus ;g Bku fy;k Fkk fd rqEgkjs chp ;h'kq elhg oju~ Øwl ij p<+k, x, elhg dks NksM+ vkSj fdlh ckr dks u tkuwA eSa fucZyrk vkSj Hk; ds lkFk FkjFkjkrk gqvk rqEgkjs lkFk jgkA esjk lUns'k vkSj esjk çpkj Kku ds yqHkkus okys 'kCnksa esa ugha Fkk] ijUrq vkRek vkSj lkeFkZ ds çek.k esa Fkk] ftlls fd rqEgkjk fo'okl euq";ksa ds Kku ij ugha] ijUrq ijes'oj ds lkeFkZ ij vk/kkfjr gksA** ¼1 dqfj- 2%1&5½A

nwljs LFkku ij] laiw.kZ ppZ bfrgkl esa tks cM+h HkhM+ elhgr esa ifjofrZr gqbZ] ftlesa blds cM+s fo}ku Hkh lfEefyr Hkh gS] rks os ,sfrgkfld vkSj iqu:RFkku ds oS/k izek.kksa ds v/;;u djus ls fo’okl esa ugha vk;s] ijarq lqlekpkj ds izpkj dks lquus ds }kjk fo’okl esa vk;sA

rhljs LFkku ij] iqu#RFkku esa vxj gekjk fo’okl blds ,sfrgkfld vkSj oS/k izek.k ij vk/kkfjr gS] rks ge dSls mu vla[; fo’okfl;ksa ds fo’okl dks le>k ldrs gSa tks ,sls izek.k ds FkksM+s ls Kku ds fcuk Hkh vius fo’okl ds fy;s ej x;s\ dSls ge ml vkfnoklh elhgh dks le>k ldrs gSa tks eqf’dy ls i<+ ikrk gS vkSj iqu:RFkku ds fy;s dksbZ ,d ,sfrgkfld rdZ nsus esa vleFkZ gS] rkSHkh og lokZf/kd fuanuh; izdkj dk lrko lgu djsxk vkSj ’kghn Hkh gks tk;sxk ij vius fo’okl ls badkj ugha djsxk] ml fo’okl ds fy;s] ftldk cpko og rdZ ds vk/kkj ij ugha dj ldrk\ bu lR;ksa ds izdk’k esa]


130

gesa ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyuk vko’;d gS fd ;|fi iqu:RFkku ds ,sfrgkfld vkSj oS/k izek.k dbZ :i esa lgk;d gS] rkSHkh ;g iqu:RFkku esa gekjs fo’okl dh uhao ugha gSA

rks iqu:RFkku esa fo’oklh ds fo’okl j[kus dk vk/kkj D;k gS\ dSls og tkurk gS fd elhg ftyk;k x;k\ /keZ’kkL= ls mRrj Li"V gSA iqu:RFkku ds izfr gekjk Kku vkSj vVy fo’okl ifo= vkRek ds iqutZUe nsus vkSj izdk’ku ds dk;Z }kjk laHko fd;k x;k! ;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkku dh lR;rk ds izfr gekjk iw.kZ fo’okl djuk vkSj elhgh fo’okl dh oS/krk] vykSfdd :i ls u;s tUe ds le; ls gekjs Hkhrj xzg.k dj yh tkrh gS ¼;wgUuk 5%39( 1 ;wgUuk 5%6&10½A laf{kIr esa] ge blfy;s fo’okl djrs gSa D;ksafd vkRek gekjs ân;ksa dks u;k tUe nsrk gS] mUgsa fo’okl ls Hkjrk gS vkSj elhg ftldk izdk’ku gesa feyk gS] mlds fy;s u;s yxko dks mRiUu djrk gSA izsfjr ikSyql vkRek ds bl vnHkqr dk;Z dk o.kZu 2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 4%6 esa djrk gS%

D;ksafd ijes’oj ftlus dgk] ^^va/kdkj esa ls T;ksfr peds]** ogh gS tks gekjs ân; esa pedk gS fd gesa elhg ds psgjs esa ijes’oj dh efgek ds Kku dh T;ksfr iznku djs**

os ftUgksaus u;k tUe ik;k gS] os ftl izdkj vius Lo;a ds vfLrRo ls bUdkj ugha dj ldrs] oSls gh os ;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkku ls vc bUdkj ugha dj ldrsA ijes’oj ds lkoZHkkSfed fo/kku ds }kjk vkSj ifo= vkRek dh xokgh ds }kjk] ;g muds fy;s ,d fufoZokn lR;rk gks x;h gS ¼eRrh 11%25½A tSls elhgh fo’okl dks lrko nsus okyksa us ;g ckr tku yh gS] ^^tks ;h’kq ds /keZ ls xzflr gS] mudk dksbZ bZykt ugha gS**10

tks lR; geus lh[ks gSa os psrkouh vkSj ,d funsZ’k nksuksa dk dk;Z djrs gSaA ;|fi] elhgh fl)kar dk leFkZu djusokyh /keZfoKku dh ’kk[kk11 ¼ftls viksykstsfVDl dgrs gSa½ dk viuk ,d LFkku gS] fQj Hkh LoxZ ds jkT; dk foLrkj eq[;r% lqlekpkj izpkj }kjk gksrk gSA euq"; gekjh okdiVqrk ;k rdZiw.kZ fookn ds }kjk fo’okl esa ugha vk;sxk] ijarq ;h’kq elhg ds thou] e`R;q vkSj iqu:RFkku dh fo’oluh; ?kks"k.kk ds }kjk fo’okl esa lfEefyr gksxkA gesa ;g dHkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg;s fd gekjk y{; ,d ew[kZ ds dk;Z tSlk gS vkSj gekjk ifjJe le; o iz;kl dk viO;; gh dgyk;sxk vxj tc rd ijes’oj dk vkRek gekjs Jksrkvksa ds ân;ksa vkSj fopkjksa dks izdk’ku vkSj iqu#RFkku ls u Hkj nsA bl dkj.k] gesa ekuoh; cqf) ds VwVs lksaVs ln`’; lgkjs ij vk/kkfjr gksus ls badkj djuk pkfg;s ¼;’kk;kg 36%6½( gesa dsoy bl lR; ij vVy jguk pkfg;s fd ,dek= lqlekpkj esa ijes’oj dh lkeFkZ gS tks fo’okl djus okyksa dks m)kj iznku djrh gS ¼jksfe;ksa 1%16½A

10 ;g lksfo;r lSfudksa dh xokgh ekuh x;h gS ftUgksaus lPps elhfg;ksa dks thfor elhg ij fo’okl j[kus ls foeq[k djuk pkgkA

11 viksykstsfVDl og ’kk[kk gS tks vDlj elhgh fo’okl dh izfrj{kk esa dke vkrh gS( blds izpkjd elhgr ds izfr}afn;ksa ds bfrgkl fojks/kh rdksZ esa xyfr;ksa dks izxV djrs gSa vkSj blds fy;s os rdZ ;k lqlaxr fooknksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA

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v/;k; 23% elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds izek.k

elhg ds iqu:RFkku laca/kh ,sfrgkfld ;k oS/kkfud izek.k dh O;k[;k djus dh fdlh dh ;ksX;rk ,d O;fDr dk elhg ij fo’okl j[kus dk vk/kkj ugha gSA ,d O;fDr dk elhg ij fo’okl j[kuk] mlds }kjk elhgh fl)kar dks cpkus okyh fdlh ’kk[kk ;k fdlh izkphudkyhu rdZ ds iz;ksx ls bldh oS/krk dks cpkus okyh ;ksX;rk ds vk/kkj ij fuHkZj ugha djrk gSA12 rkSHkh] ;g igpkuuk o crkuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd elhg fo’okl bfrgkl ;k rdZ ds mPpre vkSj lcls vkjafHkd iz;ksx ls fojks/kkHkkl ugha j[krk gSA lPph elhgr blesa dksbZ fo’ks"krk ugha <wa<rh fd fdlh ikSjkf.kd dFkk dks ,d mi;ksxh dgkuh esa ifjofrZr dj ns fd lalkj esa fdlh Hkyh uSfrdrk dks c<+kok ns ldsA cfYd] elhgh fo’okl vkSj elhg ds iqu:RFkku esa fo’okl bfrgkl dh lPph ?kVukvksa esa cls gq, gSa ftudh ,d ^^lalkjh bfrgkldkj** Hkh mlds }kjk iz;qDr leku izek.kksa ds ek/;e ls izpqjrk ls iqf"V dj ldrk gSA

os tks elhgh fo’okl dks bfrgkljfgr gksus ;k ikSjkf.kd gksus ds :i esa ml ls bUdkj djrs gSa] os ,slk i{kikriw.kZ iwoZ/kkj.kk ds dkj.k djrs gSa tks fdlh izek.k dks Lo;a viuh lR;rk dks izxV djus ls jksdrh gS( vkSj os ,slk blfy;s djrs gSa] tSlk jkWcVZ jseaM dgrs gSa] ^^lokZf/kd iz’uksfpr laadViw.kZ vkSj nk’kZfud vk/kkj ftlds lkFk os euksoSKkfud o /kkfeZd Lrj ij ljy :i esa vkSj vf/kd vkuannk;d eglwl dj ldsA13 mudk rdZ tksf[keiw.kZ gS% mUgksaus igys gh r; dj fy;k gS fd iqu:RFkku vlaHko gS( blfy;s bl ?kVuk dh oS/krk ds i{k esa j[kk x;k dksbZ Hkh izek.k vo’; Hkzked gh gS] vkSj bldh fo’olfu;rk ds i{k es fd;k x;k nkok fdlh ew[kZ ds fnekx dh mit ;k fdlh /kwrZ dk vfo"dkj le>k tk;sxkA

lqlekpkj ds izfr ikie;h euq";ksa ds vHkkxsiu ds dkj.k n`<+rkiwoZd ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ijes’oj ds vuqxzg vkSj ifo= vkRek ds iqu:RFkku ds dk;Z ls ijs] dksbZ euq"; elhg ds ckjs esa fd;s x;s nkos dks Lohdkj ugha djsxkA tks nkos og dj ldrk gS] euq"; mudh mis{kk djsxk] nkoksa ds fod`r fd;s tkus dh mis{kk og ugha dj ldrk vkSj mu nkoksa ds fojks/k dks og fod`r ugha dj ldrkA nwljs ’kCnksa esa dgsa rks og lR; dk badkj djus esa vf/kd ÅtkZ [kpZ djsxk ctk; ljy :i esa mls Lohdkj djus dsA

12 I owe this insight to Pastor Charles Leiter.13 A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith, p.581


132

;|fi] lkjs izek.k tks elhg ds iqu:RFkku dh iqf"V djrs gSa ij fopkj djuk bl vH;kliqfLrdk ds fo"k;&{ks= ls ckgj gS] fQj Hkh ge bl v/;k; esa dqN oS/k vkSj rdZiw.kZ izek.kksa dks [kkstsaxs tks fo’oklh ds fo’okl vkSj [kkstdrkZ dh tkap nksuksa ds fy;s ykHknk;d gksaxsA

?kVuk ftldh igys ls Hkfo";okf.k dh xbZ

;h’kq elhg dh e`R;q vkSj iqu:RFkku ,slh ?kVuk;s ugha Fkha ftuds fy;s Hkfo";ok.kh ugha dh x;h Fkh] ftlds fy;s og rS;kj ugha gks( ijes’oj dh bPNk iw.kZ gks] bl dkj.k izR;sd ?kVuk dh Li"V Hkfo";ok.kh dh x;h FkhA ywdk dh iqLrd ds v/;k; 24%25 &26 esa ;h’kq us vius iqu:RFkku ds mijkar vius la’k;h f’k";ksa ls tks dgk] mlds ’kCnksa ls ;g lkQ izdV gksrk gS%

^^gs fucZqf);ksa] ufc;ksa us tks ckrsa dgha mu lc ij fo’okl djus esa efrean yksxks! D;k elhg ds fy, ;g vko’;d u Fkk fd ;g lc nq%[k mBk, vkSj viuh efgek esa izos’k djs\**

mlds vkxeu ls lsadM+ksa o"kZ iwoZ iqjkus fu;e esa elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds fy;s Li"V Hkfo";ok.kh dj nh x;h FkhA nkÅn us Hkfo";ok.kh dh Fkh fd ijes’oj elhgk dks dcz esa u NksM+sxk] u gh mldh nsg dks lM+us nsxk ¼Hktu 16%8&11½A ;’kk;kg Hkfo";oDrk us Hkh Hkfo"; dks ns[kk Fkk fd elhg }kjk vius yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy;s e`R;q vkus rd nq%[k mBkus ds dkj.k] ijes’oj elhgk dks cgqr efgek iznku djsxk ¼;’kk;kg 53%12½A

dzwlhdj.k ls cgqr le; igys] Lo;a elhg us viuh e`R;q ,oa iqu:RFkkudh Hkfo";ok.kh dj nh FkhA tc vfo’oklh ;gwfn;ksa us mlls eafnj dks lkQ djus ds mlds vf/kdkj ds fo"k; esa iwNk] rc mlus ?kksf"kr dj fn;k% ^^bl eafnj dks <k nks vkSj eSa bls rhu fnu esa fQj [kM+k dj nwaxk ¼;wgUuk 2%19½A tc ’kkfL=;ksa vkSj Qjhfl;ksa us mlds elhgk lacaf/kr nkoksa ds vkSj vf/kd izek.k ekaxs] rks mldh QVdkj esa Hkfo"; esa gksus okys iqu:RFkku dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k x;kA

eRrh 12%39&40% ijUrq mlus mÙkj fn;k] Þ;g nq"V vkSj O;fHkpkfj.kh ih<+h fpà ns[kus dks bPNqd jgrh gS] fQj Hkh ;ksuk uch ds fpà dks NksM+ vkSj dksbZ fpà ugha fn;k tk,xk] D;ksafd tSls ;ksuk rhu fnu vkSj rhu jkr fo'kky ePN ds isV esa jgk] mlh çdkj euq"; dk iq= Hkh rhu fnu vkSj rhu jkr i`Foh ds xHkZ esa jgsxkA

;s Hkfo";okf.k;ka crkrh gSa fd elhg ds f’k";ksa us elhgkbZ LoIu dks thfor j[kus ds fy;s fdlh grk’kk Lo:i iz;kl }kjk iqu:RFkkudh [kkst ugha dh FkhA elhg bls vDlj] bruk Li"V ?kksf"kr djrk jgrk Fkk ¼eRrh 16%21½ fd mlds ’k=q Hkh mldh Hkfo";okf.k;ksa ds ckjs esa tkurs Fks fd og th mBsxkA

eRrh 27%62&63% nwljs fnu] vFkkZr~ rS;kjh ds fnu ds ,d fnu i'kpkr] eq[; ;ktdksa vkSj Qjhfl;ksa us fiykrql ds ikl bdës gksdj dgk] Þegksn;] gesa Lej.k gS fd ml /kks[ksckt us vius thrs&th dgk Fkk] ^rhu fnu ds ckn eSa fQj th mBwaxkA*

elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds izek.k

133

[kkyh dcz

;h’kq dh e`R;q gks tkus ij] mlds ’ko ds Åij u dsoy mlds psys ijarq mlds izfr}afn;ksa }kjk Hkh laiw.kZ /;ku nsus ds ckn] dcz [kkyh jguk vkSj ’ko dk ugha feyuk] mlds iqu:RFkkudk l’kDr mnkgj.k gSA igys gh fnu ls] elhgr dks lekIr djus ds fy;s tks lcls vf/kd vko’;d] Fkk vFkkZr ekuo:ih ;h’kq ds ’ko dks gh vk/kkj cukdj izLrqr fd;k x;kA ;gwnh vxqos ftUgksaus mldh e`R;q dh ekax dh Fkh vkSj jkseh vf/kdkjh ftUgksaus mls dzwl ij p<+k;k Fkk] tkurs Fks fd mldh dcz dgka fLFkr Fkh vkSj muds ikl mldh nsg dks [kksn fudkyus ds fy;s i;kZIr volj FkkA vxj dcz [kkyh ugha Fkh] rks ,d fufHkZd dne ds lkFk] os lalkj dks ;g fl) dj ldrs Fks fd bZLVj dk lans’k dsoy Nykok gS vkSj psys diViw.kZrk ls ,d naUr dFkk dks x<+us okys nks"kh O;fDr BgjrsA elhgr viuh izkjafHkdoLFkk esa gh ne rksM+ nsrhA D;ksa ’ko dks dHkh izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k\

bl iz’u ds izR;qRrj esa la’k;okfn;ksa us rhu ifjdYiukvksa dh [kkst dhA os lc gh leku :i ls vlaxr gSaA igyh ifjdYiuk] ftls vDlj ^^Lowu ifjdYiuk** ¼vpsruk ;k dksek esa tkuk½ dgk tkrk gS] ds vuqlkj ;h’kq jkseh dzwl ij ugha ejk Fkk( cfYd] og dsoy ewfPNZr gks x;k Fkk vkSj mldh tkap Bhd <ax ls ugha dh x;h FkhA ckn esa] mls ,d BaMh dcz esa j[kk x;k Fkk] tgka mls iqu% gks’k vk x;k vkSj og cp fudykA bl ifjdYiuk ds fo:) tks rdZ fn;s tkrs gSa os Lo;a dzwlhdj.k dh izd`fr ij vk/kkfjr gS & jkseh lSfud }kjk mls Hkkyk ekjk x;k vkSj fo’ks"kKksa ds laiw.kZ ijh{k.k ds i’pkr e`rd ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k ¼;wgUuk 19%31&34½A vxj og bl dfBu ?kM+h esa thfor cp Hkh tkrk] rks og fcYdqy Hkh ,slh n’kk esa ugha Fkk fd dcz ds izos’k }kj ij yxs Hkkjh iRFkj dks yq<+dk ldsA blds vfrfjDr] ;g laHkkouk fcYdqy {kh.k gks tkrh gS fd mlds tSlk O;fDrRo fQfyLrhu ds fdlh vutku {ks= esa cp fudyrk vkSj ’ks"k thou vKkr jgdj fcrk nsrkA

nwljh ifjdYiuk ;g gS fd psyksa us mlds ’ko dks pqjk fy;k gks vkSj mls fdlh vKkr LFky ij iqu% nQuk fn;kA bl ifjdYiuk ds foijhr fn;s x;s rdZ nks L=ksrksa ls fudyrs gSaA igyk L=ksr] jkseh igjsnkj dk in rhoz [;kfr dk in gksrk Fkk] ftldk ntkZ vkSj dkS’ky izfl) gksrk FkkA nwljk rdZ ;g j[kk tkrk gS fd u;s fu;e esa elhg dh e`R;q ds nkSjku vkSj ckn esa Hkh psyksa ds Hk;Hkhr gksus dk o.kZu feyrk gSA ckbcy crkrh gS fd elhg dh e`R;q ds rqjar ckn] egk;ktdksa vkSj Qjhfl;ksa us ihykrql ls mldh dcz dh j[kokyh ,d izf’kf{kr jkseh lSfud ds }kjk fd;s tkus ds fy;s fourh dh rkfd mlds psys mlds ’kjhj dks pqjk dj u ys tk;sa vkSj bl feFkd dks QSyk ldsa fd og iqu:fRFkr gqvk gS ¼eRrh 27%64½A ;g furkar vlaHko gS fd eqV~Bh Hkj Mjs gq, psys iw.kZ :i ls jkseh igjsnkjksa ds Åij izcy gks tkrs fd ;h’kq dh nsg dks pqjk ys tk;saA psysa rks iwoZ esa gh muds Hkhrj lkgl ds vHkko dks iznf’kZr dj pqds Fks tc dzwlhdj.k ds le; mUgksaus elhg dks NksM+ fn;k Fkk ¼ejdql 14%27( eRrh 26%56½] vkSj mudk vxqok] f’kekSu irjl] rks ,d nklh }kjk mls elhg ds psys ds :i esa igpkuus ij] elhg dk badkj dj x;k ¼ywdk 22%55&62½A ;g Hkh cjkcj ls vlaHko gS fd lkjs jkseh flikgh vius


134

dk;ZLFky ij lks tkrs] tSlk fd egk;ktdksa us igjsnkjksa dks lykg nh ¼eRrh 28%11&15½A okLro esa] iqu:RFkku ij fo’okl djus esa brus fo’okl dh vko’;drk ugha gksrh ftruk fo’okl bl ifjdYiuk ij djus ds fy;s pkfg;s!

;g rhljh ifjdYiuk ;g gS fd psys ’kk;n xyr dcz ij pys x;s FksA ;g dcz vfjfefr;k ds ;qlqQ dh Fkh] tks lsUgsafnzu egklHkk dk lnL; Fkk] rks bl rF; ds izdk’k esa bl ckr dh laHkkouk Hkh de Fkh ¼eRrh 27%57&61( ejdql 15%42&47( ywdk 23%50&56½A og vkSj uhdqnsel] Qjhfl;ksa esa ls ,d tu vkSj ,d ;gwnh ’kkld ¼;wgUUkk 3%1½] gh Fks ftUgksus ;h’kq ds ’kjhj dks xkM+us ds fy;s rS;kj dj mls dcz esa j[kk fn;k ¼;wgUUkk 19%38&42½A

blds vfrfjDr ckbcy crkrh gS fd efgyk;sa tks xyhy ls ;h’kq ds ihNs py jgh Fkha] os dcz dh lgh fLFkfr tkurh Fkha ¼eRrh 27%61] ejdql 15%47( ywdk 23%55½A vxj psys xyr dcz ij tkrs] rks pkgs fe= gks ;k izfr}anh] mu lc us mUgsa lgh dcz rd igqapkdj ;g xyrh lq/kkj nh gksrh] mUgsa ’ko [kksydj] ;h’kq ds vo’ks"k fn[kk fn;s gksrsA14 iqu% ;g ifjdYiuk vU; ifjdYiukvksa ds leku vlaxr gSA

fo'oluh; lk{kh

fdlh ?kVuk ds ,sfrgkfld ;k lPpk gksus dh iqf"V ds fy;s rhu ckrsa vko’;d gSaa% 1- dksbZ p’enhn xokg gksuk pkfg;s( 2- ;s p’enhn xokg i;kZIr la[;k esa gksuk vko’;d gSa( vkSj 3- mUgsa bZekunkjh ;k fo’oluh;rk dk izn’kZu djuk vko’;d gSA15 ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd ;s lHkh vko’;drk;sa ckbcy esa ;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkkulaca/kh xokgh ds ifjizs{; esa iw.kZ gksrh gSaA

igys LFkku ij] ckbcy dh xokgh elhg dh lsodkbZ] mlds iqu:RFkku vkSj LoxkZjksg.k dh vka[kksa ns[kh xokgh ij vk/kkfjr gSA u;s fu;e dk izR;sd ys[kd izsfjr irjl ds lkFk gS tc og 2 irjl 1%16 esa ;g ?kksf"kr djrk gSa%

^^tc geus rqEgsa gekjs izHkq ;h’kq elhg ds lkeFkZ vkSj vkxeu dk lekpkj fn;k] rks geus prqjkbZ ls x<+h gqbZ dgkfu;ksa dk lgkjk ugha fy;k] D;ksafd ge mlds ekgkRE; ds vka[kksa ns[ks xokg FksA**

u;s fu;e ds ys[kdksa }kjk izR;{k ;k p’enhn xokgh dk egRo Li"V :i ls igpkuk x;kA X;kjg ds lkFk lfEefyr gksus ij] efRr;kg dks elhg ds thou o lsodkbZ dk vka[kksa ns[kh lk{kh cuus dk volj feyk Fkk & ;wgUuk ds cifrLesa ls ysdj] iqu:RFkku rd fujarj cus jgus vkSj elhg ds LoxZ ij p<+k;s tkus ds fnu rd] og lk{kh cuk jgk ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 1%21&26½A mlds lqlekpkj dks fy[kus esa] ywdk dks cgqr leL;k dk lkeuk djuk iM+k tc og lc ckrksa dk ys[kk rS;kj dj jgk Fkk tks ^^mu yksxksa ls izkIr gqbZ______________ftUgksaus bu ckrksa dks izkjaHk ls ns[kk Fkk** ¼ywdk 1%1&4½A izsfjr ;wgUuk viuh izFke i=h ¼in 1&4½ dks] elhg ijes’oj ds iq= ds lkFk vius O;fDrxr laca/k dh l’kDr vkSj xaHkhjrk ls iqf"V djrk gqvk

14 Robert Reymond, A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith, p.566.15 Henry Thiessen, Lectures in Systematic Theology, p.246.


135

vkjaHk djrk gS] ftlds lkFk lHkh psyksa dks jgus dk lkSHkkX; feyk & ,d laca/k ftlus yksxksa ds lkeus] muds fl)kar vkSj dFkuksa nksuksa ds fy;s vk/kkj LFkkfir fd;k%

1 ;wgUuk 1%1&4% ml thou ds opu ds lEcU/k esa tks vkfn ls Fkk] ftls geus lquk] ftls geus viuh vka[kksa ls ns[kk] oju~ ftls /;kuiwoZd ns[kk vkSj gekjs gkFkksa us Li'kZ fd;k&og thou çdV gqvk geus mls ns[kk gS vkSj mldh lk{kh nsrs gS] vkSj rqEgsa ml vuUr thou dk lekpkj lqukrs gSa tks firk ds lkFk Fkk vkSj ge ij çdV gqvk&ftls geus ns[kk vkSj lquk] mlh dk lekpkj ge rqEgsa Hkh lqukrs gSa] fd rqe Hkh gekjs lkFk lgHkkfxrk j[kks okLro esa gekjh ;g lgHkkfxrk firk ds vkSj mlds iq= ;h'kq elhg ds lkFk gSA vkSj ;s ckrsa ge blfy, fy[krs gSa fd gekjk vkuUn iwjk gks tk,A

fdlh Hkh bZ";kZjfgr tkapdrkZ dks ;g Li"V gksuk pkfg;s fd psyksa dks elhg ds thou] e`R;q vkSj iqu:RFkkudk izR;{k Kku Fkk vkSj mUgksaus vius bl Kku dh izd`fr dh iqf"V djus ds egRo dks igpkukA os pkgrs Fks fd lalkj tku ys fd os fdlh Hkzked ckrksa }kjk xqejkg ugha fd;s x;s Fks] ijarq mUgksaus iqu:fRFkr elhg ds gkFk] iSjksa vkSj cktw dk Li’kZ fd;k Fkk ¼ywdk 24%39( ;wgUuk 20%27½A mUgksaus mlds lkFk laxfr dh Fkh ¼ywdk 24%13&32] 36&43( ;wgUuk 21%12&14½ vkSj mUgsa mlls vkKk feyh Fkh ¼ywdk 24%44&49½A varr%] mUgksaus mldh vkjk/kuk dh tc og mudh n`f"V ls vks>y gksdj LoxZ ij pyk x;k ¼ywdk 24%50&53½ A

nwljs LFkku ij] ,d ?kVuk dh ,sfrgkfld ;k lPph ?kVuk ds :i esa iqf"V ds fy;s p’enhn xokgksa dh i;kZIr la[;k gksuh pkfg;sA bls lh/ks rkSj ij dgsa rks] ftruh vf/kd vka[kksa ns[ksa xokg gkasxs] og ?kVuk mruh vf/kd fo’oluh; cu tkrh gSA iqjkus fu;e dh O;oLFkk esa vkSj u;s fu;e esa dyhfl;k dks fn;s funsZ’kksa esa Hkh ;gh fl)kar ik;k tkrk gS & ,d ?kVuk dh iqf"V de ls de nks ;k rhu xokfg;ksa }kjk dh tkrh gS ¼O;oLFkkfooj.k 17%6( 19%15( eRrh 18%16½ A

elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds laca/k esa] bl ekax dks Hkh larq"V fd;k x;kA ckbcy crkrh gS fd lSdM+ksa fo’oluh; xokfg;ka Fkh ftUgksaus iqu:fRFkr elhg dks vyx vyx izdkj dh fLFkfr;ksa vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ns[kk FkkA iqu:RFkku jfookj ds fnu] og cxhps esa efj;e exnyhuh ds lkeus izxV gqvk ¼;wgUuk 20%11&18½] rc dcz ls ykSVrh efgykvksa ds NksVs >qaM dks fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼eRrh 28%9&10½A

mlh fnu] og fDy;ksikl vkSj nwljs psys ds lkFk ,EekÅl dh lM+d ij muds lkFk ekxZ esa Fkk ¼ejdql 16%12&13( ywdk 24%13&32½A fnu chrrs] mlus Lo;a dks irjl ds lkeus izdV fd;k ¼ywdk 24%34½ vkSj rc Åijh dksBh esa nl psyksa dks fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼ywdk 24%36&43( ;wgUuk 20%19&25½A

vxys jfookj] og lHkh X;kjg psyksa ds lkeus izdV gqvk vkSj mldk izfl) laokn ’kadkyw Fkksek ds lkFk gqqvk ¼ejdql 16%14( ;wgUuk 20%26&29( 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%5½A mlds i’pkr og ,d gh le; esa ikap lkS ls vf/kd yksxksa dks fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%6½ vkSj mlds lkSrsys HkkbZ ;kdwc dks fn[kkbZ fn;k ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%7½A og fdlh vKkr le; iqu%


136

irjl] ;wgUuk vkSj nwljs ikap psyksa ds ikl vk;k tc os frfcj;kl >hy esa eNyh idM+ jgs Fks ¼;wgUuk 21%1&14½A varr%] og tSrwu ioZr ls vius psyksa dh mifLFkfr esa LoxZ ij mBk fy;k x;k ¼ywdk 24%50&53( izsfjrksa ds dke 1%9&11½A

ckbcy dh xokgh dh jks’kuh esa] elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds o.kZu dks] fdlh xyr /kkj.kk ds vk/kkj ij fd vka[kksa ns[kh lk{kh i;kZIr ugha Fkha] cnuke djuk vlaHko gSA bl lR; ds fy;s] egku vaxszt izpkjd pkYlZ LitZu xaHkhjrkiwoZd xokgh nsrs gSa%

^^D;k vki bl ckr ls izHkkfor ugha gksrs fd bfrgkl dh dbZ lcls vf/kd egku vkSj lkekU; rkSj ij fo’oluh; ?kVuk;sa] elhg ds iqu:RFkku dh xokfg;ksa dh rqyuk esa ,d nlosa Hkkx ds cjkcj Hkh xokgh ugha izLrqr dj ldha Fkh\ jk"Vªksa dks izHkkfor djus okyh laf/k;ksa ij gLrk{kj] jktdqekjksa dk tUe LFkku] dsafnz; eaf=;ksa dh fVIif.k;ka] "kM~;a=dkfj;ksa dh dk;Z;kstuk vkSj gR;kjksa ds nLrkost & vkSj bu lc us bfrgkl dh /kkjk dks eksM+ fn;k Fkk ijarq mu ds rF;ksa ij dHkh iz’u [kM+s ugha fd;s x;s] ij blds ckotwn muds vka[kksa ns[kh xokg Hkh cgqr de gS______________** vxj bl rF; dk ¼iqu:RFkku½ dk badkj fd;k tkrk gS] rks lkjh xokfg;ka Hkh lekIr ekuh tkrh vkSj ge fopkjiwoZd dg ldrs] tSlk nkÅn us ’kh?kzrkiwoZd dgk Fkk% ^lHkh euq"; >wBs gSa( vkSj bl fnu ds ckn euq"; vius iM+kslh ds izfr Hkh bruk ’kafdr gks tk;sxk] fd tks mlus viuh vka[kksa ls ugha ns[kk gS] ml ij dHkh fo’okl ugha djsxk( vxyk dne Lo;a vius }kjk eglwl fd;s x;s izek.kksa ij la’k; djus yxsxk( euq"; vkSj D;k D;k xyfr;ksa dh vksj dne c<+k ldrk gS] eSa vkSj blds vkxs ugha crkÅaxkA**16

var esa] ,d ?kVuk dh ,sfrgkfld ;k lPph ?kVuk ds :i esa iqf"V ds fy;s] p’enhn xokgksa dks viuh bZekunkjh izxV djuk vko’;d gSA nwljs ’kCnksa esa] mUgsa Lo;a dks fo’oluh; fl) djuk pkfg;sA ;g dksbZ fNih ckr ugha gS fd laiw.kZ elhgr ds bfrgkl esa] vla[; la’k;okfn;ksa us u;s fu;e dh xokfg;ksa dks cnuke djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+h( fdUrq] os uSfrd vk/kkj ij mu xokfg;ksa dh xaHkhjrk dks vlR; fl) djus ;k v;ksX; Bgjkus esa dHkh Hkh lQy ugha gq,A bl dkj.k] la’k;oknh vius izgkjksa dks vkRe Hkzkafr vkSj lkewfgd mUekn dh laHkkouk ij dsafnr djus ds fy;s ck/; gq,A ;g fookn fd;k tkrk gS fd psys vkSj igyh lnh ds dbZ ;gwnh tu iqu:RFkku ij fo’okl djus ds fy;s izo`Rr gq,( blfy;s mUgksaus lh/ks ogh ns[kk tks os ns[kuk pkgrs FksA bl n`f"Vdks.k dks ekuusokys fuEuuqlkj rdZ nsrs gSaA igys LFkku ij] ;gwnh jk"Vª us jkseh lkezkT; dh vlguh; izrkM+uk ds v/khu gksdj la?k"kZ fd;kA

bl dkj.k ;h’kq ds le; ds ;gwnh] elhgk ds vkxeu ds fy;s cslczh ls ckV tksg jgs Fks vkSj vklkuh ls Nys tk ldrs FksA ;gwfn;ksa esa ls dbZ;ksa us igys ls gh dbZ >wBs elhgk tks yksxksa ds chp mB [kM+s gq, Fks] mudk vuqlj.k fd;k Fkk ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 5%36&37½] ;g fl) djrk gS fd os yxHkx fdlh Hkh ckr ij fo’okl djus ds bPNqd FksA nwljs LFkku ij] ;h’kq us vkxs vkus okys vius iqu:RFkku ds ckjs esa dbZ Hkfo";okf.k;ka dh FkhA vius fiz; f’k{kd ds fy;s psyksa dk vxk/k izse feydj] ,slh Hkfo";okf.k;ksa ds izfr vkRe Hkzkafr vkSj lkewfgd mUekn dks vadqfjr djus ds fy;s vPNh Hkwfe fl) gksrkA

16 The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Vol.8, pp.218-219.


137

bl izpfyr ifjdYiukvksa ds fo:) dbZ rF; izxV gksrs gSaA igys rks] ;gwnh jk"Vª ds cgqla[;dksa us uktjFk ds ;h’kq dks elhgk ds :i esa vLohdkj dj fn;k FkkA mldh bl txr dh lsodkbZ vkSj e`R;q muds fy;s Bksdj [kkus dk dkj.k cuh ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 1%23½A dzwl ds igys ls gh fo{kksHkdkjh lans’k esa iqu:RFkku dks tksM+dj] ;h’kq ds elhgk gksus ds nkosa ;gwfn;kas ds fy;s vkSj vf/kd lEeksgd ugha fl) ugha gq,A blls c<+dj] ;g ifjdYiuk bl fl)kar ij fopkj ugha djrh fd dqN n’kdksa ds Hkhrj fo’okfl;ksa dh cM+h la[;k tks igys vU;tkfr ls Fks] lqlekpkj ij fo’okl djus dh vksj mudk dksbZ >qdko ugha FkkA tSls ySfol vksj nsekjsLV fy[krs gSa%

^^/keZoSKkfud vk/kkj ij mUgksaus ¼;gwfn;ksa us½ tks vk’kk dh Fkh] ;g ?kVuk ml vk’kk ds fcYdqy rhoz fojks/k esa ?kfVr gqbZ vkSj bl ml le; ds nqfu;koh n`f"Vdks.k ds izk:i ls bldk ;FkkFkZoknh la?k"kZ pyrk FkkA ;gwfn;kas ds fy;s ;g Bksdj dk dkj.k vkSj ;wukfu;ksa ds fy;s cdokl Fkh D;ksafd muds /keZfoKku vkSj [kxksy’kkL= esa izek.k dksfiZudu ifjØek dh ekax djrs FksA**17

nwljh ckr] ;gwnh vkSj vU;tkfr igys yksxksa esa ls ugha Fks tks iqu:RFkku ij fo’okl djus ds fy;s izo`Rr gq,( ,slk rks psyksa ds fy;s fcuk fdlh ’krZ ds dgk tk ldrk gSA fQj Hkh efj;e exnyhuh izFke efgyk Fkh ftlus iqu:RFkku ds i’pkr elhg dks ns[kk Fkk tc mldk lkeuk [kkyh dcz ls gqvk] mlus ;gh eku fy;k Fkk fd fdlh us izHkq dh nsg dks pqjk fy;k Fkk vkSj fdlh vKkr LFkku ij mls j[k fn;k gS ¼;wgUuk 20%2] 13] 15½A tc elhg ds iqu:RFkku dh [kcjsa mBuk vkjaHk gqbZ] rc Hkh psyksa us fo’okl ugha fd;kA

ywdk ;g ntZ djrk gS fd elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk lekpkj ^mUgsa cdokl izrhr gqvk** ¼ywdk 24%10&11½ ejdql fy[krk gS fd mUgksaus ^êkuus ls badkj dj fn;k** ¼ejdql 16%11½A iqu:fRFkr elhg ds lkFk igyh ckj tc mudk lkeuk gqvk] mUgksaus mls ekyh le>k ¼;wgUUkk 20%15½] Hkwr le>k ¼ywdk 24%37½] ,EekÅl dh lM+d dk eqlkfQj le>k ¼ywdk 24%13&16½A bu vf’k"V vkSj cfYd gkL;kizn xyr O;k[;kvksa dks elhg ds vkSj vf/kd izdV gksus vkSj O;oLFkk vkSj Hkfo";oDrkvksa ds dFku dks mlds }kjk lko/kkuh iwoZd izfrikfnr djrs gq, fuf"dz; fd;k tk ldrk Fkk ¼ywdk 24%25&27] 44&46½A

blds igys fd Fkksek dk la’k; nwj fd;k tkrk] mlus ;g vko’;d le>k fd elhg ds gkFkksa esa dhy ds fu’kku ns[ks] mlds ?kkoksa esa viuh maxyh Mkys vkSj mlds ikatj esa viuk gkFk Mkys ¼;wgUUkk 20%24&29½! elhg muds vfo’okl vkSj ân; dh dBksjrk ds fy;s mudks QVdkjrk Hkh gSa** ¼ejdql 16%14½] vkSj og mUgsa og ;g dgdj MkaVrk gS fd] ^^gs fucqf)Z;ksa] ufc;ksa us tks ckrsa dgha mu lc ij fo’okl djus esa efrean yksxksa!** ;s rF; eqf’dy ls bl nkos dh iqf"V djrs gSa fd psys iqu:RFkku ij fo’okl djus ds fy;s igys ls gh izo`Rr gq, Fks!

17 laiw.kkZRed /keZfoKku] okY;we 2] ist 466] fudksyksml dksiuhZdl ¼1473&1543½ lw;Zdsasfnz; i)fr dk lq>ko nsus okyk izFke O;fDr Fkk & lkSj eaMy dk og uewuk ftlesa lw;Z dsanz eas i`Foh dk LFkku ys ysrk gSA mldh ;g ifjdYiuk ml le; dh ;Fkk fLFkfr ds fy;s ,d dzkafrdkjh dne Fkk vkSj bls vk/kqfud foKku ds bfrgkl esa dksiuhZdu ifjdzek ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA blfy;s] ,slh dksbZ Hkh ifjdYiuk tks blh izdkj ls dzkafrdkjh izd`fr dh gks] mls ^^dksiuhZdu** ;k ^^dksiuhZdu ifjdzek** ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA


138

var esa] fo’ks"k efrHkze ;k Hkze vDlj dsoy ,d O;fDr rd gh lhfer gksrk gSA lSdM+ksa yksxksa dks tks elhg ds iqu:fRFkr gksus ds p’enhn xokg Fks] mUgsa bl rjg dk efrHkze gksuk fcYdqy gh vlaHko yxrk gSA blls c<+dj] lewg mUekn vDlj cy’kkyh jktuhfrd ;k /kkfeZd laLFkkvksa ds }kjk mRiUu fd;k tkrk gS tks yksxksa ds lewg dks cgyk ysrk gSA fdUrq] elhg ds iqu:RFkku vkSj lqlekpkj ds laca/k esa] ml le; dh ’kfDr’kkyh laLFkk;sa mlds lans’k dk fojks/k djus ds fy;s ,dtqV gks x;h Fkha vkSj viuh lkeFkZ esa ftruk gks lds mruk mls >qBk Bgjkus dk ;FkklaHko iz;Ru fd;kA ;g lans’k QSykus okys vf/kdrj] vf’kf{kr vkSj vizf’kf{kr euq"; Fks ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 4%13½ ftuds ikl viuk mÌs’; LFkkfir djus dk dksbZ jktuhfrd] /kkfeZd ;k vkfFkZd lkeFkZ ugha FkhA

fcuk mÌs'; dk >wB

bl ckr dks vDlj misf{kr dj fn;k tkrk gS] rkSHkh iqu:RFkku dh ,sfrgkfld lPpkbZ ds fy;s izsfjrksa dk thoui;Zar leiZ.k vR;f/kd izrhfr;qDr rdZ fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] ckotwn blds fd mu ij lqlekpkj izpkj ds dkj.k vusd d"V vk;sA vxj elhg iqu:fRFkr ugha gq, gksrs vkSj psyksa us lk/kkj.kr% dksbZ dgkuh x<+ yh gksrh] rc gesa ml Ny ds ihNs dk iz;kstu <aw< ikus ds ;ksX; gksuk pkfg;s FkkA fdlh >wB dk izpkj djus ls os D;k izkIr dj ysrs\ ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld lPpkbZ gS fd izsfjrksa vkSj iwohZ psyksa dh cM+h la[;k us xjhch] cnukeh] lrko vkSj frjLdkj esa gh ne rksM+ fn;kA tSlk izsfjr ikSyql us ?kksf"kr fd;k Fkk] ^^ge vc rd ekuksa lalkj dk eSy o lc oLrqvksa dk dwM+k djdV cus gq, gSa** ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 4%13½ vkSj ^^;fn geus dsoy blh thou esa elhg ij vk’kk j[kh gS rks gekjh n’kk lc euq";ksa ls vf/kd n;uh; gS** ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%19½

vxj bu euq";ksa us iqu:RFkku dh dgkuh dqN fo’ks"k dkj.kksa ls x<+h gksrh] ,sls dkj.k ftuds fy;s euq"; >wB jprk gS vkSj mls izpkfjr djrk gS & tSls nkSyr] izfl)h vkSj rkdr ikus ds fy;s & rks fQj tc os ns[krs gS fd ,slh dgkfu;ka bfPNr y{; izkIr ugha dj jgh gSa] rks os mudk [kaMu djuk vkjaHk dj nsrsA rFkkfi] bfrgkl ;g fl) djrk gS fd lqlekpkj ij fo’okl ;k elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds fo’okl dk R;kx djus ds LFkku ij muesa ls vf/kdrj us Hk;kud lrko dk pquko fd;k vkSj ;gka rd fd ’kghn Hkh gks x;sA d"V vkSj e`R;q lgus dk ,slk gB vkSj ,slh /kqu ds ihNs ,dek= Li"Vhdj.k ;gh gks ldrk gS fd iqu:RFkku dh dgkuh lPph gS & ,d ,sfrgkfld lPpkbZ & vkSj psys ,oa vU; elhgh tu lh/ks ogh crk jgs Fks] tks mUgksaus okLro esa ns[kk FkkA tSls izsfjr ;wgUuk us fy[kk Fkk] ^^ftls geus ns[kk vkSj lquk] mlh dk lekpkj ge rqEgsa Hkh lqukrs gSa** ¼1 ;wgUuk 1%3½

bl lehdj.k esa x.kuk djus dk ,d vksj rF; xokgh ds :i esa efgykvksa dk mi;ksx gSA u;s fu;e ds le; vkSj laLd`fr esa] efgykvksa dks dkuwuh ekeyksa esa oS/k xokgh ugha ekuk tkrk FkkA rFkkfi] pkjksa lqlekpkjksa esa] efgyk;sa ;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkku rd ^îzkFkfed xokgh** cudj izeq[k Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djrh jgha ¼eRrh 28%1&10( ejdql 16%1&8( ywdk 24%1&12( ;wgUuk 20%1&18½A


139

izHkq dks iqu:RFkku ds i’pkr ns[kus okyh efj;e exnyhuh igyh efgyk Fkh vkSj mlds iqu:RFkku dh xokgh nwljksa dks crkus okyh Hkh igyh efgyk FkhA okLro esa] mldk fp=.k ,d ukf;dk ds leku fd;k x;k gS fd tc izsfjr vfo’okl esa iM+s gq, Fks] rc mlus fo’okl fd;k vkSj vkKk ekuh ¼ejdql 16%9&11( ;wgUuk 20%11&18½A tks efgyk;s efj;e exnyhuh ds lkFk jfookj dh Hkksj dcz ij x;ha gqbZ Fkh] mUgksaus Hkh efj;e ds ckn izHkq dks ns[kk vkSj izHkq ds }kjk mUgsa dk;Z lkSaik x;k fd ;g ’kqHk lqlekpkj nwljksa rd igqapk;s ¼eRrh 28%8&10½A

vxj u;s fu;e ds ys[kd HkhM+ dks /kks[kk nsus dk iz;kl dj jgs Fks] rks mUgksaus efgykvksa dks izkjafHkd xokgh ds :i esa iz;ksx ugha fd;k gksrk( cfYd] mUgksuas iq:"kksa dks pquk gksrk] tks nwljksa dh n`f"V esa vf/kd fo’oluh; izrhr gksrsA

psyksa dk ifjorZu

iq:fRFkr ;h’kq elhg dk badkj djus esa lc cM+h :dkoVksa esa ls ,d :dkoV ftls ,d ukfLrd vo’; ikj dj ldrk gS] og gS] psyksa esa fn[kkbZ nsus okyk ifjorZuA vxj iqu:RFkku dksbZ ,sfrgkfld lPpkbZ ugha gS & ;k cqjs :i esa] ;g dksbZ vQokg gS &rks psyksa vkSj nwljs p’enhn xokgksa ds O;fDrRo vkSj dk;ksZ esa fn[kkbZ nsus okyk vk’p;Ztud ifjorZu le> ls ckgj gSA iqu:RFkku ds iwoZ] psys dk;j] Hk;Hkhr vkSj Lo;a cps jgus dh bPNk ls izsfjr FksA ;h’kq ds canh cuk;s tkrs gh] mUgksaus mls NksM+ fn;k ¼eRrh 26%56½ ( mlds eqdnesa ds nkSjku] mUgksaus mldk badkj fd;k ¼eRrh 26%69&75½ ( vkSj mldh e`R;q ds ckn rhu fnu rd mUgksaus vfo’oklh cus jgdj Lo;a dks fNik;s j[kk ¼ejdql 16%14½( ¼;wgUuk 20%19½ vkSj nq%[k esa Mwcs jgs ¼ywdk 24%17½ A efgykvksa us] mu iq:"kksa ls c<+dj cM+k uSfrd lkgl o vk’kk izxV dh] ftUgsa elhg us O;fDrxr :i ls vius psys gksus dk mRrjnkf;Ro lkSaik Fkk! os efgyk;sa Fkha tks jfookj lqcg dcz ij x;h Fkha tcfd iq:"k Mj ds ekjs Åij ds dejs esa cSBs jgsA os efgyk;sa Fkha ftUgksaus iqu:RFkku ij igys fo’okl fd;k vkSj mls ?kksf"kr fd;k tcfd iq:"k rks la’k; ds ekjs pqIih lk/ks cSBs FksA

fQj Hkh] iqu:RFkku ds i’pkr] ;s gh iq:"k fnysj vkSj vts; cus jgdj fo’okl dh j{kk djus okys BgjsA izsfjrksa ds dke dh iqLrd ls] gesa Kkr gksrk gS] fd os lalkj ds fo:) [kM+s gq, Fks vkSj lqlekpkj ds lans’k ,oa ;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkku }kjk ^^¼bls½ myV iyV dj fn;k Fkk** izsfjrksa ds dke 17%6 dstsoh@,udstsoh@bZ,loh½A tc ;gwfn;ksa dh /kkfeZd vkSj jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa us mUgssa ^^;h’kq ds uke esa cksyus ;k f’k{kk nsus ds fy;s euk fd;k** ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 4%18½] rc psyksa us muds vf/kdkjksa dks rqPN tkurs gq, elhg ds O;fDrRo o lans’k ds izfr n`<+ leiZ.k cuk;s j[kkA ;g irjl vkSj ;wgUuk ds ;gwnh /keZlHkk ds le{k muds fo’okl dks izxV fd;s tkus ls fl) gksrk gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 4%19&20½%

^^rqe gh U;k; djks% D;k ijes’oj dh n`f"V esa ;g mfpr gS fd ge ijes’oj dh vkKk ls c<+dj rqEgkjh ckr ekusa\ D;ksafd ;g rks gels gks ugha ldrk fd tks geus ns[kk vkSj lquk gS] mls u dgs**


140

;|fi mUgsa /kedk;k x;k] ihVk x;k] dSn[kkus esa Mkyk x;k vkSj os ’kghn Hkh gq,] fQj Hkh elhg ds psyksa us tks ^^vka[kksa ls ns[kk vkSj lquk** Fkk mldk badkj djus ;k mls lqukuk can djus ls euk dj fn;k ¼1 ;wgUuk 1%1]3½A ;s iq:"k vkSj fL=;ka] ;h’kq ds iqu:RFkku ds lp ls lkglh cuk;s x;s Fks] mUgksaus ,d ih<+h ds varjky esa laiw.kZ lalkj esa ’kqHk lans’k QSyk fn;k ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 1%5&6½A muds ikl fdlh izdkj dh jktuhfrd] /kkfeZd ;k vkfFkZd rkdr ugha Fkh( vkSj u muds ikl dksbZ lalkjhd ’kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk Hkh ughaa Fkh( rkSHkh mUgksaus txr dks bl ntsZ rd cny dj j[k fn;k fd dksbZ jktuhfrd ;k lSU; ny bldh cjkcjh ugha dj ldrk FkkA vxj elhg iqu:fRFkr ugha gq, gksrs] rks bls fdl rjg le>k;k tk ldrk Fkk\ muds fe’ku dh lQyrk dks dSls le>k tk ldrk Fkk\ vkj-,- Vksjh fy[krs gSa%

^^dqN vn~Hkqr ckr gqbZ gksxh ftlus foy{k.k vkSj foLe;dkjh uSfrd ifjorZu dks tUe fn;kA iqu:RFkku dk iwjk lp] ftlesa mUgksaus izHkq dks thfor ns[kk Fkk] bl cnyko dks ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA**18

'k=qvksa dk ifjorZu

;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds ckn vuq;kf;;ksa dk leqy ifjorZu gh la’k;oknh dh leL;k ugha FkhA mls ;h’kq dk fojks/k djus okys vkSj mlds vuq;kf;;ksa dks lrkus okys ds mRrjxkeh ifjorZu dh Hkh O;k[;k nsuh FkhA iqu:RFkku ls ijs] elhgr dSls dqN izkjafHkd cM+s fojksf/k;ksa dks izHkkfor dj ldrh Fkh& fo’ks"kdj ;h’kq ds lkSrsys Hkkb;ksa vkSj rjlql ds nq"V ’kkÅy dks\

Ckkbcy Li"V crkrh gS fd ;h’kq ds thou vkSj lsodkbZ ds nkSjku] u rks ;kdwc vkSj u ;gwnk ¼;h’kq ds lkSrsys HkkbZ½ mu ij fo’okl djrs Fks ijarq mlds O;fDrRo vkSj lsodkbZ ds [kqys :i esa fojks/kh Fks ¼;wgUuk 7%3&5½A okLro esa] ;h’kq dk ifjokj mUgsa uktjFk ls dQjugwe blfy;s ysus vk;k Fkk fd mUgsa vius lkFk ys tk;s D;ksafd mUgsa ,slk yxrk Fkk fd ^^mldk fpRr fBdkus ugha** gS ¼ejdql 3%21½A fQj Hkh] iqu:RFkku ds ckn] nksuksa HkkbZ ewy :i ls ifjofrZr gks x;s vkSj izkjafHkd dyhfl;k ds vxqos dgyk;sA19 elhg ,oa mldh izHkqrk ds izfr mudk leiZ.k mudh if=;ksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] tgka os vius vki dks izHkq ;h’kq elhg ds nkl izxV djrs gSa ¼;kdwc 1%1( ;gwnk 1½A os vfo’oklh fojks/kh ls fo’oluh; nkl esa ifjofrZr gks x;s] tks vius thou dks mldh izHkqrk ds izfr lefiZr djus ds fy;s bPNqd FksA ckbcy esa fy[kh ckrksa dk ekuus ls vyx gVdj] ;g ifjorZu dSls laHko gqvk\ mUgksus iqu:fRFkr elhg dks ns[kk Fkk ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%7½!

izkjafHkd ppZ ds ,d vkSj izfr}anh rjlql ds ’kkÅy ¼mls ckn esa izsfjr ikSyql ds uke ls tkuk x;k½ ftldk ifjofrZr gksuk] izsfjrksa }kjk iqu:RFkku ds dFku dks vkSj egRo dk cuk nsrk gS A izsfjrksa dh iqLrd esa vkSj mlds Lo;a ds ys[ku esa] ’kkÅy vkjafHkd elhgr dk ,d lcls cM+k vkSj vfr dzwj izfr}anh FkkA mlus viuh vKkurk vkSj vfo’okl esa] uktjFk ds

18 The Bible and Its Christ (Old Tappan, N.J.: Fleming H. Revell, n.d.), p.92.19 James (James 1:1; Acts 1:14; 12:17; 15:13ff; I Corinthians 9:5; 15:7; Galatians 1:19; 2:9) and Jude (Jude 1; Acts 1:14; I Corinthians 9:5).


141

;h’kq dks ek= ,d cgq:fi;k vkSj bZ’k fuand ds :i esa ns[kk] vkSj mlus lkspk fd os lc tks mlds ihNs gks fy;s gSa] os canh cuk;s tkus vkSj e`R;qnaM ds ;ksX; gSa ¼1 freqfFk;ql 1%13½A ge mls igys izsfjrksa dh iqLrd esa ns[krs gSa fd dSls og fLrQuql dks ekjs tkus ds fy;s lg"kZ lgefr nsrk gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 7%58( 8%1½A mlds i’pkr] og egk;ktd ds ikl tkrk gS] ^^fd izHkq ds psyksa dks /kedh ns vkSj mUgsa ekj Mkys^^ ¼9%1½] vkSj mlls bl vfHkizk; ls i= izkIr djrk gS rkfd ^^;fn mls bl iaFk dk dksbZ vuq;k;h feys] os pkgs L=h gks ;k iq:"k] mUgsa cka/k dj ;:’kyse ys vk;s** ¼9%2½A fdUrq] nfe’d ds ekxZ ij] ’kkÅy dk dzkafrdkjh ifjorZu gks tkrk gS & vkSj og lger gks tkrk gS fd ;h’kq gh btjk;y dk elhgk gS! og rqjar mlds uke esa cifrLrk xzg.k djrk gS vkSj ,dk,d vkjk/kuky;ksa esa ;h’kq ds uke dk izpkj djuk vkjaHk dj nsrk gS] ;g dgrs gq, fd] ^ôg ijes’oj dk iq= gS** ¼9%18&20½A mlds ;gwnh fe= vk’p;Z ls izfrfdz;k nsrs gq, dgrs gSa%

^^D;k ;g ogh ugha tks ;:’kyse esa bl ds uke ysus okyksa dks uk’k djrk Fkk vkSj ;gka blh vfHkizk; ls vk;k Fkk fd mUgsa cka/kdj eq[; ;ktdksa ds ikl ys tk,\** ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 9%21½A

bu ?kVukvksa ds ckn] ;g lekpkj ;gwnh;k dh dyhfl;kvks esa rsth ls QSy x;k fd og tks fdlh le; lrkrk Fkk vkSj fo’okl dks feVk nsus ij rqyk Fkk] vc izpkj djrk vkSj mlh fo’okl dks izXkV dj jgk gS ¼xykfr;ka 1%22&33½! fQj Hkh] ’kkÅy dyhfl;k ds fojks/k es ,slk ,d fgald ’k=q jg pqdk Fkk fd dksbZ fo’oklh mlls tqM+us dk lkgl ugha dj ldkA lc mlls Hk;Hkhr jgrs Fks tc rd fd cjuckl mls izsfjrksa ds ikl ysdj vk;k vkSj mldh xokgh dks iDdk Bgjk;k ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 9%26&27½A bl izdkj rjlql dk ’kkÅy] elhgh fo’okl dk lcls cM+k fojks/kh] mlh fo’okl dh j{kk djus okyk vkSj mls QSykus okyk cu x;kA fofy;e uhy fy[krs gSa%

^^tks ,sfrgkfld :i ls iz’u ls ijs gS] og ;g ckr gS fd uktjFk okfl;ksa dk lcls cM+k dV~Vj mRihM+d] ftlus ;:’kyse esa ^/kedkus vkSj ekj Mkyus* dk vkrad epk j[kk Fkk] mlus nfe’d esa ekufld :i ls fc[kjs gq, vkSj ’kkjhfjd Lrj ij va/ks gksdj izos’k fd;k vkSj tc vPNk gqvk] rc ftl fo’okl dks feVkus ¼u"V djus½ pyk Fkk] mlh fo’okl dk lcls vxz.kh leFkZd cu x;kA**20

pawfd la’k;oknh] ’kkÅy ds ifjorZu dh ,sfrgkfld lPpkbZ vkSj mlds leqy thou&ifjorZu ls badkj ugha dj ldrk gS blfy;s og rdZ;qDr O;k[;k nsus ds fy, etcwj gSA nks gtkj lky ckn] dyhfl;k vkt Hkh ckV tksg jgh gS!

laiw.kZ bfrgkl esa yksxksa dh cM+h HkhM+

elhgr ds igys lky esa] ,d izfrf"Br Qjhlh xefy,y us lsugsafnzu dks cM+h fo}Rrk ds lkFk ;h’kq ds vuq;kf;;ksa ds laca/k esa ulhgr nhA bls ;gka mn~/k`r djuk ;ksX; gksxkA

20 New Century Bible Commentary – The Acts of the Apostles, p.128.


142

izsfjrks ds dke 5%35&39% vkSj mlus muls dgk] ^^gs blzk,fy;ks] rqe bu yksxksa ls tks dqN djuk pkgrs gks mls lksp le>dj djksA D;ksafd dqN le; ifgys fFk;wnkl ;g nkok djrs gq, mB [kM+k gqvk Fkk fd eSa Hkh dqN gw¡ vkSj yxHkx pkj lkS euq"; mlds ihNs py iM+sA ijUrq og ekj Mkyk x;k rFkk mlds lc vuq;k;h frrj&fcrj gq, vkSj muls dqN cu u iM+kA ml O;fä ds ckn tux.kuk ds fnuksa esa xyhy fuoklh ;gwnk mB [kM+k gqvk vkSj mlus dqN yksxksa dks viuh vksj dj fy;kA og Hkh feV x;k vkSj mlds lc vuq;k;h frrj&fcrj gks x,A vr% bl ekeys esa Hkh eSa rqqels dgrk gw¡ fd bu euq";ksa ls nwj jgks vkSj buls dksbZ eryc u j[kks D;ksafd ;fn ;g ;kstuk ;k dk;Z euq";ksa dh vksj ls gks rks feV tk,xk ijUrq ;fn ;g ijes'oj dh vksj ls gS rks rqe mUgsa feVk u ldksxsA dgha ,slk u gks fd rqe ijes'oj ls Hkh yM+usokys Bgjks!ß

;h’kq elhg ds vkxeu ls iwoZ] nks >wBs elhgk btjk;y jk"Vª esa izxV gq, vkSj muesa ls izR;sd ds ihNs yksx py iM+s FksA ;|fi] mudh e`R;q ds i’pkr] muds vuq;k;h tYn gh fc[kj x;s vkSj fQj dHkh muds bu vfHk;kuksa ds ihNs pyrs gq, ugha ik;s x;sA blfy;s] xekfy;y us rdZ fd;k fd uktjFk dk ;h’kq vxj ek= ,d euq"; Fkk vkSj mldk iqu:RFkku dsoy >kalk Fkk] rks mlds vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk Hkh ;gh gksuk pkfg;s FkkA fdUrq] xekfy,y us fo}rk ds lkFk ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd vxj iqu:RFkku dh dgkuh lp gS vkSj ;h’kq gh elhgk gS] rks ;g vfHk;ku fujarj jgsxk vkSj ftUgksaus bldk fojks/k fd;k os ijes’oj ls yM+us okys BgjsaxsA bfrgkl ds ;s vafre nks gtkj lky xekfy,y ds rdZ dh iqf"V djrs gSaA

;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk lcls cM+k izek.k laiw.kZ bfrgkl] laiw.kZ jk"Vª] tkfr] vkSj lalkj ds yksxksa ds vanj elhgh fo’okl dh fujarjrk dk cuk gksuk gSA iqu:RFkku ds dky ls yk[kksa yksxksa us ;h’kq elhg ds lkFk O;fDrxr laca/kksa dh lk{kh nh gS vkSj ;g nkok fd;k gS fd mlus mudh thou ’kSyh dks vn~Hkwr jhfr ls cny fn;k gSA ;g ns[kuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd ,sls lewg ds yksx fdlh fo’ks"k laLd`fr] jktuhfrd ;k ’kS{kf.kd mi lewgksa ls tqM+s gq, ugha gksrs gSa( cfYd] blds varZxr izR;sd laLd`fr] vkfFkZd oxZ vkSj ’kS{kf.kd Lrj ds yksx ik;s tkrs gSaA vkjfEHkd dyhfl;k mu yksxksa ls feydj cuh Fkh] tks dHkh Hkh fdlh nwljh ifjLFkfr esa ,d lkFk jg gh ugha ldrs FksA muesa ;wukuh vkSj ;gwnh] [krus vkSj [krukjfgr] ccZj] Ldwrh] nkl vkSj Lora= yksx lfEefyr Fks( ijarq elhg lc dqN vkSj lc es Fkk ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 3%11½ A ;gh ckr vkt elhgr ds fy;s dgh tk ldrh gSA

;g ns[kuk Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS fd vla[; iq:"k] efgyk vkSj cPps ftUgksaus elhg dk vuqlj.k fd;k] mUgksaus ,slk fdlh cM+s O;fDrxr R;kx ds vk/kkj ij fd;kA dqN lka[;dhfon ,slk vuqeku yxkrs gS fd ’kghnksa dh la[;k ipkl yk[k ls vf/kd fo’okfl;ksa rd igqap xbZ gSA nwljs dgrs gSa fd la[;k blls Hkh c<+dj gSA

;g lkjs izek.k vuojr rkSj ij gesa dbZ ,sls eu dks mdlkusokys iz’uksa dh vksj ys pyrs gSaA ,slh HkfDr vkSj R;kx ds ihNs D;k dkj.k gS\ vla[; izfr}anh ftUgksaus elhgr dks tM+ ls m[kkM+us dh ’kiFk ys j[kh gS] mlds ckotwn ppZ }kjk bruk d"V lgu djus ds ihNs dkSulh O;k[;k gS\ ;g fdlh dks ;g lkspus ds fy;s vo’; izsfjr djrh gS fd jfookj dh lqcg lp esa dqN ?kVuk ?kVh Fkh tc iRFkj dcz ij ls yq<+dk gqvk ik;k x;k gS!

143


v/;k; 24% elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk xq.kLoHkko

elhg ds iqu:RFkku dh ,sfrgkfldrk ij fopkj djus ds ckn] vc bls ckbcy ds izdk’k esa tkapuk egRoiw.kZ gSA iqu:RFkku dh izd`fr fdl izdkj dh Fkh\ vaxzsth ’kCn ^îqu:RFkku** ySfVu Hkk"kk dh fdz;k jSljt;js ls fudyk gS ¼js ¾ iqu% $ ljst;js ¾ mBuk½A u;s fu;e esa] ;g ;wukuh Hkk"kk dh laKk vkukLVkfll ls fudyk gS ¼vkuk ¾ mBuk] iqu% $LVkfll [kM+s gksuk½A

elhg dk iqu:RFkku ek= iqu:TTkhou ugha Fkk

iqjkus fu;e esa] lkjir dh fo/kok dk iq= ¼1 jktk 17%17&24½ vkSj ’kwusfeu dk iq= ¼2 jktk 4%18&37½ vykSfdd izdkj ls iquZthfor fd;s x;sA u;k fu;e gesa crkrk gS fd yktj Hkh ftyk;k x;k Fkk ¼;wgUuk 11%23&25] 43&44½] blds lkFk gh ;kbZj dh iq=h ftykbZ x;h ¼ejdql 5%41&42( ywdk 8%54&55½ ukbZu uxj dk ,d toku ¼ywdk 7%14&15½] rfcrk ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 9%36& 43½] vkSj ;qrq[kql ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 20%7&12½A ;g /;ku nsuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd ;s lc eqjnk voLFkk ls thfor fd;s x;s] ijarq vHkh Hkh mUgsa e`R;q rks vkuh gh Fkh & mUgsa dHkh u dHkh fQj ls ejuk FkkA elhg dk iqu:RFkku muls bl izdkj fHkUu Fkk fd og iki ds fy;s ,d ckj ejk ijarq lnkdky ds fy;s thfor gS] rkfd iqu% u ejsA tSlk mlus izdkf’krokD; 1%17&18 esa ?kksf"kr fd;k% ^^ ______________eS gh______________thfor gwa( eSa ej x;k Fkk vkSj ns[k] eSa ;qxkuq;qx thfor gwa ______________A**

elhg dk iqu:RFkku lnsg iqu:RFkku Fkk

ckbcy vkSj leLr izkphu elhgr dh ;g lh/kh f’k{kk Fkh fd elhg dk iqu:RFkku lnsg iqu:RFkku FkkA ogh nsg tks dzwl ij p<+kbZ x;h Fkh] dQu esa yisVh x;h Fkh vkSj dcz esa j[kh x;h Fkh] ckbcy ds vuqlkj rhljs fnu thfor dh x;h FkhA ;|fi ;g iqu:fRFkr nsg ogh nsg Fkh tks ej x;h Fkh] blds dbZ varj Hkh FksA ;g nqcZy voLFkk esa cksbZ x;h Fkh] ijarq lkeFkZ esa ftykbZ x;hA


144

1- ^îqu:RFkku** D;k gS bl ikfjHkkf"kd ’kCn dks fl) djuk egRoiw.kZ gSA ckbcy fl[kkrh gS fd ;h’kq dk iqu:RFkku u dsoy

vkfRed Fkk ijarq laklkfjd] HkkSfrd vkSj nSfgd FkkA ;h’kq dh okLrfod nsg vkSj gM~Mh;qDr nsg th mBh FkhA ge ywdk 24%36&43

ls bl lPpkbZ ds ckjs esa D;k lh[krs gSa\ bl in dks if<;s vkSj rc fuEu iz’uksa ds mRrj nhft;sA

v- dSls in 36&37 dh O;k[;k dh tkuh pkfg;s\ D;k elhg ds Hkhrj fdlh vykSfdd rRo us izos’k fd;k Fkk\ ;g gesa mldh iqu:fRFkr nsg ds ckjs esa D;k crkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ak% ;wgUuk 20%19 ds vuqlkj] psys njokts ^^can** dj ;gwfn;ks ds Mj ls ,df=r cSBs gq, FksA ;g rF;] psyksa dh Hk;fefJr izfrfdz;k ds lkFk tqM+dj] crkrk gS fd ;h’kq ml dejs esa vykSfdd :i esa izxV gq, vkSj mldh iqu:fRFkr nsg vyx izdkj dh FkhA ;g lR; ,EekÅl ds ekxZ ij ;h’kq dh nks psyksa ds lkFk vkdfLed HksaV esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS] tgka og ^^vka[kksa ls vks>y gks x;k Fkk** ¼ywdk 24%31½A ;s in ^^pkSad x;s** vkSj ^^Mj x;s** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn isVwg vkSj ,saQksckWl ls fudys gSaA nksuksa in ,d cM+s Hkkjh Mj dks izxV djrs gSaA mUgksaus lkspk fd os ,d vn`’; vkRek dks ns[k jgs FksA

c- fdl izdkj in 39&40 ds vuqlkj] ;h’kq us vius psyksa dks lger djokus ds fy;s D;k izek.k fn;s fd og ,d vkRek ugha gS\ ;g gesa mldh iqu:fRFkr nsg ds ckjs esa D;k crkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ak% ;h’kq mldh iqu:fRFkr nsg ds ckjs esa nks egRoiw.kZ ?kks"k.kk;sa djrk gS% 1 mlds ekal vkSj gM~Mh Fkh( vkSj 2 og ,d vn`’; vkRek ugha Fkh] tSlk mUgksusa igys eku fy;k FkkA ;h’kq us vkSj vf/kd izek.k nsus ds fy;s] vius psyksa ls dgk fd os vk,a vkSj ns[ksa ;gka rd fd mlds gkFk vkSj iSjksa dks Li’kZ Hkh djsA ;g rF; fd] elhg dh iqu:fRFkr

elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk xq.kLoHkko

145

nsg esa vHkh Hkh dzwlhdj.k ds ?kko Fks] us fl) fd;k fd ;g okLro esa ogh nsg Fkh tks dzwl ij p<+k;h x;h FkhA ;g rF; fd elhg us brus Lrj rd tkdj ;g fl) fd;k fd og ek= vkRek ugha Fkk] mlds lnsg iqu:RFkku ds fl)kar dk vR;f/kd egRo crkrk gSA

d- dkSuls izek.k ;h’kq us in 41&43 esa psyksa dks ;g fl) djus ds fy;s fn;s fd og vkRek ugha Fkk\ ;g gesa mldh iqu:fRFkr nsg ds ckjs esa D;k crkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ak% muds chp esa ;h’kq dk ,dk,d izxV gksuk pkSadk nsus okyk vuqHko FkkA os vfu’p; dh fLFkfr esa Fks fd os D;k ns[k jgs Fks vkSj muds chp D;k py jgk FkkA tc dqyfirk ;kdwc dks crk;k x;k fd mldk iq= ;qlqqQ thfor gS] ckbcy crkrh gS fd mlus Hkh blh rjhds ls izfrfdz;k O;Dr dh Fkh% ^ôg LrC/k jg x;k] D;ksafd mlus mudk fo’okl ugha fd;k** ¼mRifRr 45%26½A psyksa ds vfo’okl ds dkj.k] elhg Hkh brus Lrj rd tkdj fl) djrk gS fd mldh nsg] ;|fi vk’p;Ztud :i esa ifjofrZr gqbZ] rkSHkh og okLrfod nsg gS tks dzwl ij p<+k;h x;h Fkh&mlus muls eNyh dk ,d VqdM+k ekaxk vkSj mudh vka[kksa ds lkeus [kk;kA

2- ;wgUuk 20%19&23 esa] gesa ;wgUuk )kjk elhg ds psyksa ds lkeus izxV gksus dk fooj.k feyrk gS tc Fkksek ogka ugha FkkA blds

ckn ds inksa esa] gesa elhg ds psyksa ds lkeus izxV gksus dk mYys[k feyrk gS] ftuesa Fkksek Hkh FkkA bl in dks if<+;s vkSj rc

fuEu mRrjksa dks nhft;sA

v- in 24&25 ds vuqlkj] Fkksek dh izfrfdz;k D;k Fkh tc nwljs psyksa us mlds lkeus crk fn;k fd mUgksaus izHkq dks ns[kk gS\ Fkksek dh izfrfdz;k D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gS\

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146

fVIif.k;ak% Fkksek dh izfrfdz;k la’k; ;k vfo’okl dh izfrfdz;k FkhA ;g izekf.kr djrk gS fd psys mu euq";ksa esa ls ugha Fks ftUgksaus elhg ds thfor mBus dh vk’kk dh FkhA blfy;s os iqu:RFkku dh dgkuh dh lh/ks rkSj ij dYiuk ugha dj lds fd ;g lp gks ldrh gS] D;kssafd izkjaHk esa rks mUgksaus Lo;a bl ij fo’okl ugha fd;k! ;g ,slk Hkh izxV djrk gS os vklkuh ls ew[kZ cuus okys euq"; ugha Fks tks i;kZIr izek.k ds fcuk fo’okl dj ysrsA elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk lekpkj vkus ds ckn Hkh] psyksa us fo’okl ugha fd;kA ywdk mYys[k djrk gS fd elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk lekpkj ^^mUgsas vFkZghu yxk^^ ¼ywdk 24%9&11½] vkSj ejdql fy[krk gS fd ^^mUgsa fo’okl gh ugha gqvk** ¼ejdql 16%11½A

c- in 26 esa] ge lh[krs gSa fd ;h’kq psyksa ds lkeus nwljh ckj izxV gq,] tcfd Fkksek bl ckj mifLFkr FkkA in 27&28 ds vuqlkj] ;h’kq us Fkksek dks D;k djus dh vkKk nh] vkSj Fkksek dh D;k izfrfdz;k Fkh\ ;g gesa elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds n`<+ izek.k vkSj izd`fr ds ckjs esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ak% ;g rF; fd Fkksek dks ;h’kq dh ’kkjhfjd nsg dks tkapus dh vkKk nh x;h] de ls de nks ckrksa dh vksj ladsr djrk gS% 1- Fkksek fdlh efrHkze esa ugha iM+k gqvk Fkk] ijarq mlds lkeus [kM+s gq, ,d lPps euq"; dks ns[k jgk Fkk( vkSj 2- ;h’kq mlh nsg lesr thfor gqvk Fkk tks dzwl ij p<+k;h x;h Fkh& bl nsg esa dzwlhdj.k vkSj cjNs dh pqHku ds fu’kku FksA ftl nsg esa elhg dzwl ij p<+k;k x;k Fkk] mlh nsg esa izxV gksus ij Fkksek ds fo’okl esa ifjorZu vk;kA og ;h’kq dks ,d ’kghn Hkfo";oDrk ekuus ds LFkku ij ;g ?kks"k.kk djus yxk fd og izHkq vkSj l`f"V ds jpukdkj gSa!

3- 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%42&44 esa] izsfjr ikSyql ,d u’oj ekuoh; nsg vkSj ogh nsg tks iqu:fRFkr gksrh gS] ds chp varj crkrk gSA

bl in esa] ge elhg ds e`R;q iwoZ dh ’kkjhfjd nsg vkSj mldh iqu:fRFkr nsg ds e/; varj ds ckjs esa dbZ lPPkkb;ksa dks ns[krs

gSaA bu inkas ds vuqlkj] fuEu fjDr LFkku HkjsA

v- u ______________ nsg cksbZ tkrh gS vkSj v______________ nsg ftyk;h tkrh gS______________ ¼in 42½A ^û’oj** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds okD;ka’k ,u QFkksjg ls fudyrk ls gS] ftldk 'kkfCnd vuqokn gS] ^^lM+ tkukA** elhg dh lkalkfjd nsg izkS<+ gksus] {k; ikus vkSj e`R;q ds vf/ku FkhA ^^vfouk’kh** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds okD;ka’k ,QFkkflZg ls fudyrk ls gS] vFkkZr

elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk xq.kLoHkko

147

tks lM+us ;k uk’k ikus ds vf/ku ugha gSA elhg dh iqu:fRFkr nsg u"V gksus ;k e`R;q gksus ds fy;s ugha cuh Fkh( cfYd] ;g vuardky ds fy;s mi;qDr FkhA

c- vukn______________ ds lkFk cksbZ tkrh gS vkSj efg______________ ds lkFk ftykbZ tkrh gS ¼in 43½A ^^vuknj** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn vrhfe;k ls fudyk gS] tks vuknj ;k ’keZ dks izxV djrk gSA elhg dh bl lalkj esa lsodkbZ ds nkSjku] elhg dk ^^dksbZ :i ;k lkSan;Z ugha Fkk** ¼;’kk;kg 53%2½( vkSj dzwl ij mlus cgqr vieku lgk ¼fQfyfIi;ksa 2%8½A ijUrq] mldh nsg efgek ds lkFk thfor gqbZA ;wukuh ’kCn MkWDlk] efgek] lEeku vkSj izrki dks izxV djrk gSA

d- fu______________n’kk esa cksbZ tkrh gS vkSj lk______________ esa ftykbZ tkrh gS ¼in 43½ A ^^fucZy** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn ,sLFksuhg ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn ^^nqcZyrk** fd;k tk ldrk gSA nsg/kkj.k esa] elhg us ,d ,slh nsg /kkj.k dh Fkh ftlesa ,d ifrr tu dh lkjh nqcZyrk ikbZ tkrh gS & tSls Hkw[k] I;kl] nnZ] chekjh] ihM+k vkSj e`R;q ¼jksfe;ksa 8%3½A fQj Hkh] mldh nsg lkeFkZ ds lkFk thfor dh x;hA ^^lkeFkZ** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn Mwukfel ls fudyk gS] tks lkeFkZ] cy vkSj rkdr dks izxV djrk gSA bczkfu;ksa dk ys[kd dgrk gS fd elhg vc ^^vfouk’kh thou dh lkeFkZ ds vuqlkj fu;qDr gqvk gksrk** ¼bczkfu;ksa 7%16½A

M- Lok______________n’kk esa cksbZ tkrh gS vkSj vk______________ esa ftykbZ tkrh gS ¼in 44½A ^^LokHkkfod** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn lk;thdkWl ls fudyk gS] vFkkZr tks LokHkkfod {ks= ls laca) gS vkSj nqcZyrk] u"V gksus vkSj e`R;q ls tqM+k gSA ^^vkfRed** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn U;wesrhdkWl ls fudyk gS] vFkkZr tks LofxZd {ks= dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS vkSj lkeFkZ o vuardky ls tqM+k gqvk gSA elhg dh iqu:fRFkr nsg ^^LokHkkfod nsg** ds foijhr ikbZ tkrh gSA ;g /;ku nsuk vko’;d gS fd ^^vkfRed nsg** ^^xSj HkkSfrd nsg** ds lekukFkhZ ugha gS( blds foijhr] ;g ml LokHkkfod nsg dh vksj ladsr nsrh gS tks ifjofrZr gks x;h gS vkSj lkeFkZ dks /kkfjr fd;s gq, gS] ,d ,slh nsg tks vuardky vkSj LofxZd {ks= ds fy;s mi;qDr gSA

4- fQfyfIi;ksa 3%21 esa] elhg dh iqu:fRFkr nsg ds ckjs esa ge ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ lanHkZ ikrs gSaA bls dSls of.kZr fd;k tk ldrk gS\

v- efg ______________ ns ______________A bl okD;ka’k dks bl rjg Hkh vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ^^rstLoh nsg** ¼dstsoh@ ,udstsoh@bZ,loh½A ;g ogh nsg gS tks dzwl ij nqcZyrk dh voLFkk esa p<+k;h x;h Fkh ijarq vc xkSjokfUor vkSj efgeknk;d voLFkk esa gSA elhg dh bl i`Foh dh ;k=k ds nkSjku] mlds ijes’ojRo dh efgek mldh LokHkkfod nsg ds ihNs fNih gqbZ Fkh] og ikijfgr ekuo Fkk ijarq u’oj euq"; dh nqcZyrk vkSj e`R;q ds o’k esa Fkk ¼jksfe;ksa 8%3½A gkyakfd] iqu:RFkku ds i’pkr] elhg dh nsg vc vius izrki dks fNik u ldh( mlus bls rst dks O;Dr vkSj izxV dj fn;k! elhg dh iqu:fRFkr nsg orZeku esa gekjh ^û’oj nssg** ¼bZ,loh@,udstsoh½] ^^gekjh nhu ghu nsg** ¼,u,,lch½ ;k ^^vuknj dh nsg** ¼,,loh½ ds fojks/k esa gSA

148


v/;k; 25% elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk egRo

;h’kq e`rdksa esa ls th mBs] ijarq iqu:RFkku dk egRo D;k gS\ lalkj] dyhfl;k] fo’oklh vkSj vfo’oklh ds fy;s bldk D;k vFkZ gS\ ge bl v/;k; esa lh[ksaxs fd dzwl lesr] ;h’kq elhg dk iqu:RFkku fufoZokn :i ls ekuo bfrgkl esa lcls cM+h ?kVuk gS vkSj leLr euq";ksa ds fy;s cM+s egRo dh ckr gSA

iqu:RFkku us ;h'kq dks izekf.kr fd;k

;h’kq elhg ds ckjs esa igys LFkku ij vkus okyh lPpkbZ;ksa esa ls ,d lPpkbZ tks gesa ;h’kq ds iqu:RFkku ds ckjs esa le>uk pkfg;s fd bl ?kVuk us mlds elhgk gksus ds nkos dks izekf.kr fd;kA iqu:RFkku ds le; ;h’kq ijes’oj dk iq= ugha cuk( cfYd] iqu:RFkku bl ckr dk l’kDr izekf.kdj.k Fkk fd og lukru dky ls ijes’oj dk iq= vkSj elhg FkkA

1- jksfe;ksa 1%3&4 gesa ;h’kq ds iqu:RFkku ds ckjs esa fl[kkrk gS fd blds }kjk og ijes’oj ds iq= vkSj elhg gksus ds vius nkos

dks izekf.kr djrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ak% ^?kksf"kr fd;k** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds gjkbtks ’kCn ls fudyk gS] vFkkZr] îfjHkkf"kr djuk] lhek;sa fpafUgr djuk] ;k fu;r djukA** e`rdksa esa ls ;h’kq ds iqu:RFkku ds }kjk] ijes’oj O;fDrxr vkSj lkoZtfud :i ls ;g fu;r Bgjk nsrk gS fd ;h’kq dkSu Fkk & vFkkZr ijes’oj dk iq= FkkA iqu:RFkku ijes’oj }kjk elhg ds iq=Ro vkSj

elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk egRo

149

ijes’ojRo ds fy;s fn;k x;k l’kDr vkSj lkoZtfud izek.ki= FkkA ;g izkjafHkd izsfjrkbZ izpkj esa Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] ftlesa ;gwfn;ksa }kjk ;h’kq dks vLohdkj djus vkSj ijes’oj }kjk mls iqu:fRFkr djds ml dh funksZ"krk dks izkekf.kr djus ij cy fn;k tkrk Fkk% ^^rqeus fo/kfeZ;ksa ds gkFkksa ¼mls½ dzwl ij dhyksa ls Bqdok dj ekj MkykA ijarq ijes’oj us e`R;q dh ihM+k dks feVk dj mls iqu% thfor dj fn;k** ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 2%23&24½A rqqeus ml ifo= vkSj /kehZ dks vLohdkj fd;k vkSj ,d gR;kjs ds fy;s fourh dh fd og rqEgkjs fy, NksM+ fn;k tk,] ijarq thou ds drkZ dks ekj Mkyk] ftls ijes’oj us e`rdksa esa ls ftyk;k] ftlds ge xokg gSa** ¼3%14&15½A okD;ka’k] ^îfo=rk dh vkRek ds vuqlkj]** ;g izxV djrk gS fd ijes’oj us ;h’kq dks vius lkeFkZ’kkyh ek/;e vFkkZr ifo= vkRek ds }kjk ftyk;k gSA

2- 1 rheqfFk;ql 3%16 esa] gesa ,d vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ dFku ;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds ckjs esa feyrk gSA bl in ds vuqlkj]

iqu:RFkku fdl izdkj elhg ds nkos dh iqf"V djrk gS\

v- vius laiw.kZ thou vkSj vius iqu:RFkku ds }kjk] ;h’kq vkRek esa izk______________FkkA ^îzkekf.kd** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds fndk;w ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^?kksf"kr djuk] O;Dr djuk] fdlh dks mfpr ;k /kehZ ?kksf"kr djukA** okD;ka’k ^^vkRek esa** dk vuqokn bl rjg Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ^^vkRek }kjk** ¼bZ,loh½A ifo= vkRek ;h’kq elhg ds O;fDrRo vkSj nkos dks] mldh bl txr dh lsodkbZ ds nkSjku mlds }kjk fd;s tkus okys fpaUg vkSj vk’p;ksZdeksZ ls izkekf.kr djrk gS ¼ywdk 5%17½] vkSj vkf[kjdkj] mls e`rdksa esa ls thfor djds mls funksZ"k izkekf.kr djrk gSA

elhg dk iqu:RFkku gesa /kehZ Bgjk, tkus dh iqf"V djrk gS

iqu:RFkku us izxV dj fn;k fd firk us ;h’kq ds cfynku dks mlds yksxksa ds iki ds eksy Lo:i Lohdkj dj fy;kA ge tkurs gSa fd gekjs iki dk izk;f’pr dj fn;k x;k gS D;ksafd elhg thfor fd;k x;kA iqu#RFkku gekjs /kehZ Bgjk;s tkus dk izek.k gSA

1- jksfe;ksa 4%25 gesa D;k bl fo"k; es D;k fl[kkrk gS fd elhg dk iqu:RFkku fo’oklh ds /kehZ Bgjk;s tkus dk izek.k gS\

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150

fVIif.k;ak% jksfe;ksa 4%25 ds nksuksa o.kZuksa esa] okD;ka’k ^^D;ksafd** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn fn;k ls vuqokfnr fd;k x;k gS] tks mu vk/kkj ;k dkj.k dks crkrk gS ftlds fy;s dqN fd;k x;k ;k ugha fd;k x;k] crk;k tkrk gSA bldk vuqokn ,sls Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ^^bl dkj.k ls* vFkok ^^ds otg lsA** bldk vFkZ gS% elhg gekjs vijk/kksa ds otg ls e`R;q ds v/khu fd;k x;k vkSj ijes’oj us mls e`rdksa esa ls thfor fd;k D;ksafd mlus gekjs vijk/kksa dk iwjk eksy ;h’kq ds cfynku }kjk Lohdkj fd;kA ;h’kq elhg dk e`rdksa esa ls iqu:RFkku ,d cM+k fpaUg gS fd gekjs ikiksa dk iwjk nke pqdk fn;k x;k gSA vxj ijes’oj us elhg ds cfynku dks eksy ds :i esa Lohdkj ugha fd;k gksrk] rks og mlus elhg dks e`rdksa esa ls ftyk;k Hkh ugha gksrkA

elhg dk iqu:RFkku gekjs iqu:RFkku dk izrhfr nsrk gS

iki dh etnwjh e`R;q gSA elhg dk iqu:RFkku bl ckr dh iqf"V Fkh fd ijes’oj us gekjs iki _`.k dh larqf"V ds fy;s mlds cfynku dks Lohdkj fd;k] bl rjg gesa e`R;q ds naM ls eqDr dj fn;kA mldk iqu:RFkku gekjs iqu:RFkku dks iDdk Bgjkrk ;k mldk nkf;Ro ysrk gSA [kkyh dcz fo’oklh dks etcwr fu’p;rk ls Hkj nsrh gS fd U;k; larq"V gqvk vkSj e`R;q ij fot; izkIr dh x;hA ;g izR;sd fo’oklh dh ,d egku vk’kk gSA

1- laiw.kZ lqlekpkj vkSj u;s fu;e dh if=;ksa esa ;h’kq ds iqu:RFkku dks ysdj dbZ cM+h izfrKk;sa dh x;h gSA fuEu inksa ij

lko/kkuhiwoZd euu dhft;s] vkSj rc vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

v- ;qgUuk 14%19

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fVIif.k;ak% iqu:RFkku ds ckn] elhg us Lo;a dks ^^mu xokgksa ij ftUgsa ijes’oj us ifgys ls pqu fy;k Fkk** izxV fd;k ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 10%40&41½A os fo’oklh ftUgksaus lcls ifgys mls ns[kk Fkk vkSj os ftUgksaus mudh vka[kks ns[kh xokgh ij fo’okl fd;k] elhg dk iqu:RFkku bl ckr dh iqf"V djrk gS fd Hkfo"; esa mudk Lo;a dk Hkh iqu:RFkku gksxkA


151

c- 1 dqfjUFk- 6%14

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fVIif.k;ak% bl dFku dk egRo le>us ds fy;s] gesa flQZ ;g fopkj djus dh vko’;drk gS fd vxj ijes’oj us elhg dks ugha ftyk;k gksrk rks gekjs iqu:RFkku dh izfrKk fdruh nqcZy fl) gksrhA ;h’kq elhg dk iqu:RFkku ijes’oj dh gels dh xbZ fuf’pr izfrKk gS fd fuf’pr gekjk viuk iqu:RFkku Hkh gksxkA

d- 2 dqfjUFk- 4%14

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fVIif.k;ak% fo’oklh dk fo’okl vius Lo;a ds iqu:RFkku esa bl fufoZokn rF; ls mitrk gS fd ijes’oj us ;h’kq elhg dks e`rdksa esa ls thfor fd;kA

2- 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%20&23 esa] elhg ds iqu:RFkku vkSj mlds yksxksa ls izfrKk fd;s x;s iqu:RFkku ls lacaf/kr nwljk egRoiw.kZ in

feyrk gSA bu inksa dks ckjackj if<+;s vkSj fuEu fyf[kr Hkkxksa ds Åij vius fopkjksa dks izxV dhft;sA fdl izdkj elhg dk

iqu:RFkku uewuk vkSj izfrKk nksuksa gS\

v- ij vc elhg rks eèdksa es ls ftyk;k x;k gS] vkSj tks lks, gq, gSa muesa og igyk Qy gS ¼in 20½A

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152

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fVIif.k;ak% elhg dk iqu:RFkku elhgh fo’okl ds egku LraHkksa esa ls ,d gSA bl lR; ij fo’oklh dh vk’kk Bgjh jgrh gSA ySO;O;oLFkk 23%10 esa] ckbcy ;g dgrh gS btjk;fy;ksa dks viuh dVuh dk igyk fgLlk cfy ds :i esa vfiZr djuk gSA bl ^îfgys Qy** dk leiZ.k bl rF; dks Lohdkj djrk gS fd ’ks"k dVuh Hkh izHkq dh gSA mlh rjg] elhg dk iqu:RFkku dVuh dk izFke Qy gS & vkSj mlds i’pkr elhg esa ,df=r dh tkus okyh laiw.kZ dVuh dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSA mldk iqu:RFkku mlds yksxksa ds iqu:RFkku dk Hkh vxz.kh gS vkSj mudk nkf;Ro ysrk gSA

c- ^^D;ksafd tc ,d euq"; ds }kjk e`R;q vkbZ rks ,d euq"; ds }kjk e`rdksa dk iqu:RFkku Hkh vk;kA ftl izdkj vkne esa lc ejrs gSa mlh izdkj elhg esa lc ftyk;s tk;saxs** ¼in 21&22½A

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fVIif.k;ak% ;g vo’; Fkk fd euq"; txr esa iki vkSj e`R;q ,d euq"; ds }kjk vk;h vkSj nwljs euq"; ds }kjk mls myV fn;k x;kA vkne esa] lcus iki fd;k vkSj e`R;q ds }kjk nafMr gq,A elhg esa] os lc tks fo’okl djrs gSa] funksZ"k Bgjk;s x;s vkSj iqu:fRFkr BgjsA elhg dk iqu:RFkku orZeku esa mlds yksxksa ds /kehZ Bgjus vkSj vkxs vkus okys iqu:RFkku dk nkf;Ro ysrk gSA

d- Ikj gj ,d vius dze ds vuqlkj izFke Qy elhg gS rc elhg ds vkxeu ij mlds yksx ¼in 23½A

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153

fVIif.k;ak% ^^Øe** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn VSxek ls fudyk gS] vFkkZr] lSU; dze ;k lSfudksa ;k VqdfM+;ksa dh O;oLFkkA dqfjUFk esa dqN yksx fdlh nks"kiw.kZ rdZ ds vk/kkj ij iqu:RFkku ds fl)kar dk bUdkj dj jgs Fks% ^^vxj fo’oklh elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds lkFk bruk la;qDr gks tkrk gS] rks ,slk D;ksadj gS fd elhg thfor gqvk fdUrq fo’okfl;ksa dh nsg feV~Vh esa lM+rh jgrh gS\** ikSyql dgrk gS fd gjsd pht dk viuk dze gksrk gS% elhg lc fo’okfl;ksa ds fy;s vafre fnu esa iqu:RFkku dk izFke Qy Bgjk;k x;k gSA ;g vo’; gS fd elhg lc ckrksa esa Js"Brk j[ksA ikSyql us dqyqLls ds ppZ dks fy[kk Fkk] ^ôgh nsg] vFkkZr dyhfl;k dk flj gSA ogh vkfn gS vkSj ejs gqvksa esa ls th mBus okyksa esa ls ifgykSBk gS] ftlls ds lc ckrksa esa mlh dks izFke LFkku feys** ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 1%18½A


154

v/;k; 26% Eklhg ds iqu:RFkku dh vfuok;Zrk

Eklhg ds iqu:RFkku ds egRo dks c<+k&p<+kdj crkuk vlaHko gSA ckbcy dh ckrksa ds izdk’k esa] ;g vfr’;ksfDr ugha gSA iqu:RFkku elhgr dk vk/kkjHkwr fl)kar gS vkSj ,d lR; gS ftl ij laiw.kZ Eklhgh fo’okl dh cqfu;kn fLFkj gSA bl fy;s] ;g ,d furkar vko’;d fl)kar vkSj fofue; foghu lR; gSA elhg ds iqu:RFkku dk badkj djuk lqlekpkj dk badkj djuk gSA

1- ;h’kq elhg dk iqu:RFkku elhgh fo’okl ds fy;s bruk vko’;d gS fd iqu:fRFkr izHkq dh xokgh gksuk izsfjrkbZ ds fy;s

vfuok;Zrk FkhA bl lR; ds fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr in D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

v- izsfjrksa- 1%21&22

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fVIif.k;ak% ^^vko’;d** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn Ms ls fudyk gS] tks vko’;drk dks izzxV djrk gS vkSj ^^vko’;d gS** ;k ^^gksuk pkfg;s** ds :i esa Hkh vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl in esa] nks izsfjrkbZ ds fy;s nks vko’;drk;sa crkbZ x;h gSaA igyk] ;h’kq dh bl txr dh lsodkbZ ds fo"k; esa xokgh gksukA nwljk] iqu:fRFkr elhg dh vka[kksa ns[kh lk{kh gksA ;gka rd fd elhgr ds lcls dV~Vj ekus tkus okys izfr}anh Hkh bfrgkl ds rF;ksa dks ekuus ds fy;s ck/; gq, vkSj mUgksusa elhg ds foy{k.k thou dks igpkuk( lkFk gh] iqu:RFkku ds Åij cM+k la?k"kZ Hkh tkjh jgrk gSA blfy;s] ,d izsfjr ds ikl ,slk izHkqRo gksuk pkfg;s fd mlus okLro esa iqu:fRFkr izHkq dks ns[kk gksA izsfjr elhg dh f’k{kk vkSj dk;Z dks QSykus ds fy;s cqyk;s x;s Fks vkSj ;g dsoy mlds iqu:RFkku ds }kjk gh oS/k Bgjk;k tkrkA bl dkj.k] muds ikl bl egku vkSj fu.kkZ;d ?kVuk dh xokgh gksuk vko’;d ekuk x;kA

Eklhg ds iqu:RFkku dh vfuok;Zrk

155

c- 1 dqfjUFk- 9%1

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fVIif.k;ak% ikSyql us viuh cqykgV vkSj izsfjr gksus ds vf/kdkj dks dqfjfUFk;ksa dks ;g Lej.k fnykus ds }kjk fLFkj fd;k fd mlus thfor izHkq dks ns[kk Fkk ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 9%1&9( 22%6&16( 26%12&18½A iqu:RFkku og fl)kar gS ftl ij elhgr ds vU; nkos ;k rks fLFkj gSa ;k foQy gks tkrs gSaA blh dkj.k ls iqu:RFkku ij elhgr ds izfr}afn;ksa }kjk lcls vf/kd izgkj fd;s x;sA

2- 2 freqfFk;ql 2%8 esa] gesa ,d egRoiw.kZ in feyrk gS tks lqlekpkj dks lkjxfHkZr djrk gS vkSj ’kqHk lans’k ds izpkj ds dsanz esa

;h’kq elhg ds iqu:RFkku ds egRo dks izxV djrk gSa

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fVIif.k;ak% ^^Lej.k djuk** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn usekWu;ks ls fudyk gS] vFkkZr] ^^fdlh ckr dk /;ku j[kuk] fnekx esa j[kuk] lkspukA** fdz;k ^^thfor gqvk** ;wukuh fdz;k bxsjkss ls fy;k x;k gSA fdz;k dk iw.kZ dky izHkq ds iqu:RFkku dh lrr voLFkk dks izxV djrk gSA izdkf’krokD; 1%18 esa] ;h’kq Lo;a dks ^^thfor** lacksf/kr djrk gS] og tks ej x;k Fkk vkSj vc lnk ds fy;s thfor gSA okD;ka’k ^êsjs lqlekpkj ds vuqlkj** izxV djrk gS fd ;h’kq elhg dk iqu:RFkku izsfjrksa ds }kjk lquk;s tkus okys ’kqHk lans’k dk vk/kkj FkkA ,dek= ;h’kq ftls izsfjr ijes’oj


156

dk ’kk’or iq= ekurs Fks] tks nkÅn dk nsg/kkfjr iq= gks x;k vkSj vius yksxksa ds iki ds fy;s dzwl ij ejk vkSj e`rdksa esa ls thfor fd;k x;kA

3- iqu:RFkku dk egRo bl rF; esa Hkh ns[kk x;k fd bls fdlh O;fDr ds m)kj ikus ds fy;s ,d vko’;d fo’okl ekuk x;k

gSA jksfe;ksa 10%9 ds vuqlkj] D;k fdlh euq"; ds fy;s ;g laHko gS fd og iqu:RFkku ij fo’okl ls ijs cpk;k tk;s\ dSls bl

iz’u dk mRrj iqu:RFkku ds egRo dks izxV djrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ak% ^vaxhdkj djuk^^ ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn gkseksyksfx;ks ls fudyk gS] vFkkZr] fdlh vU; pht ds leku ckr dks dgukA** okD;ka’k ^^vius eqag ls** ;h’kq dks izHkq ekuus dh lkoZtfud LohdkjksfDr ;k igpku crkuk gSA ikSyql fdlh ,d er }kjk lrgh vaxkdkj ;k ek= ckSf)d LohdkjksfDr ds fo"k; es ugha dg jgk gS] cfYd ,d izkekf.kd izk;f’pr djus okys ân; ls vkus okyk [kqYye[kqYyk vaxhdkj gSA ^^ân;** esa fo’okl djuk iqu:fRFkr elhg ds Åij xgu vkSj bZekunkj fo’okl dks izxV djrk gSA ;g fcYdqy fujFkZd cdokl gksxh fd elhg ds iqu:RFkku ls ijs ge mlds Åij fo’okl dk nkok djsaA

4- iqu:RFkku ds cM+s egRo dks le>us esa] dqN xaHkhj vuqekuksa ij fopkj djuk vko’;d gS tks gekjs lkeus bl izdkj j[ks x;s gSa

ekuksa ;g ?kVuk dHkh gqbZ gh ugha FkhA 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%14&19] 32] ds vuqlkj] vxj elhg thfor ugha gqvk] rks dkSu ls lR;

lkeus vkus pkfg;s Fks\ izR;sd egRo ij vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

v- vkSj ;fn elhg ftyk;k ugha x;k rks gekjk izpkj djuk ______________ gS ¼in 14½

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157

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fVIif.k;ak% ^Ô;FkZ** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn dsukWl ls fudyk gS] ’kCn’k% ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^[kkyhA** ;g ’kCn [kkyh ik= ;k LFkkuksa dks izxV djrk gSA bldk iz;ksx vkyadkfjd :i ls vykHkdkjh] O;FkZ] Hkzked] >wBs] fujFkZd ;k egRoghu dks n’kkZrk gSA ;g ,d vnHkqr dFku gS & leLr elhgh dFku dh oS/krk elhg ds iqu:RFkku ij fuHkZj djrh gSA vxj elhg ftyk;k ugha tkrk rks dksbZ Hkh elhgh dFku fdlh ewY; dk ugha BgjrkA

c- elhg fo’okl O;______________ dgykrk ¼in 14½

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fVIif.k;ak% ^Ô;FkZ** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn dsukWl ls fudyk gS] ¼bldh ifjHkk"kk if<+;s½A elhg] elhgh fo’okl dk drkZ] jpf;rk vkSj fl) djus okyk gS ¼bczkfu;ksa 12%2½A vxj og thfor ugha gksrk] rks ml ij fo’okl j[kuk O;FkZ] >wB vkSj mn~ns’;ghu BgjrkA

d- elhg fo’okl O;______________ dgykrk ¼in 17½

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fVIif.k;ak% ^Ô;FkZ** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ekfV;kWl] ls fudyk gS] tks fu"Qy vkSj ’kfDrghu ;k lp ls ijs gSA

M+- os tks lqlekpkj dk izpkj djrs gSa] ijes’oj ds >q______________ lk______________ gS ¼in 15½A

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158

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fVIif.k;ak% ijes’oj dh O;oLFkk vkKk nsrh gS] ^^rw vius iM+kslh ds fo:) >wBh lk{kh u nsuk** ¼fuxZeu 20%16½A tks ijes’oj ds fo:) >wBh xokgh nsrs gSa mudk naM fdruk vf/kdre gksxk! 1 ’kew,y 2%25 esa] ge i<+rs gSa% ^^;fn ,d O;fDr nwljs ds fo:) iki djrk gS rks ijes’oj mldh e/;LFkrk djsxkA ijarq ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ;gksok ds fo:) iki djrk gS] mlds cpko ds fy;s dkSu fourh dj ldrk gS\**

b- os ftUgksus elhg ij fo’okl fd;k vc Hkh vius ik______________ es iM+s gSA

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fVIif.k;ak% iqu:RFkku ,d cM+k izek.k gS fd ijes’oj us elhg ds cfynku dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gS vkSj mlds U;k; dh ekaxs larq"V dh x;h ¼jksfe;ksa 4%25½A ;fn elhg ftyk;k ugha x;k] rks gekjs ikl {kek] v/;kjksfir /kkfeZdrk ;k vuar thou dk dksbZ izek.k ugha gSA

bZ- elhg ij fo’okl djus okys uk______________ gks x, ¼in 18½A

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fVIif.k;ak% ^ûk’k gksuk** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn ,iksyweh ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^[kks tkuk] cckZn gks tkuk ;k fouk’k gksukA** ;fn m)kj dk uk;d gh dcz ij fot; izkIr ugha dj ldrk] rks ge tks mlds vuq;k;h gSa gesa fdldh vk’kk gksrh\


159

m- ftUgksus elhg ij fo’okl fd;k gS mudh n’kk lc euq";ksa ls vf/kd n______________ gS ¼in 19½A

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fVIif.k;ak% ^^n;uh;** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn bfy;kukWl ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn ^^vHkkxk** fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn elhg ftyk;k ugha x;k] rks elhgh tu vHkkxs ew[kZ dgykrs tks bl lalkj esa gkfu mBkrs vkSj bl txr ds lkjs vuqHko ds cnys mUgsa dqN gkfly ugha gksrk!

Å- rks vkvks] [kk______________ vkSj fi______________ D;ksa fd dy rks e______________ gh gS ¼in 32½A

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fVIif.k;ak% ;s ’kCn ;’kk;kg 22%13 ls fy;s x;s gSaA ;fn iqu:RFkku ugha gS rks euq";ksa ds fy;s dksbZ vk’kk ugha gksrhA euq"; ds ikl dqN ’ks"k ugha gksrk] flok; blds fd og e`R;q rd viuh LokFkhZ dkeukvksa dks larq"V djssA

160


v/;k; 27% iq= dk LoxkZjksg.k gqvk

ckbcy crkrh gS fd ;h’kq elhg ijes’oj ds ’kk’or iq= gSa ftUgksaus LoxZ ds oSHko dks NksM+k] dqaokjh ls mRiUu gq, vkSj nsg esa fl) thou ft;kA vkSj ijes’oj dh vuar bPNk ds vuqlkj] rc og dwzl ij dhyksa ls Bksd fn;s x;sA mUgksaus vius yksxksa ds iki dks ogu fd;k vkSj ijes’oj ds dzks/k dks Hkksxk vkSj ej x;sA rhljs fnu og e`rdksa esa ls iquthfor fd;s x;s] blls ;g izxV gqvk fd og ijes’oj ds iq= Fkk vkSj mldh e`R;q us ijes’oj ds yksxksa dks m)kj fnyok;kA mlds iqu:RFkku ds pkyhl fnu ds ckn] elhg dk LoxkZjksg.k gqvk] tgka og firk ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk fojkteku gSa vkSj mUgsa efgek] lEeku vkSj lcds Åij vf/kdkj izkIr gSA ijes’oj dh mifLFkfr esa] og yksxksa dks izLrqr djrs gSa vkSj muds fy;s fourh djrs gSa vkSj mudh vksj ls fo’ks"k ;kpuk ijes’oj ls ekaxrs gSaA elhg dh e`R;q vkSj iqu:RFkku elhg ds dk;Z ds nks cM+s LraHk gSaA mudk LoxkZjksg.k vkSj mapk mBk;k tkuk bldk efgeke;h pjefcanq gSA

LoxkZjksg.k

ckbcy crkrh gS fd elhg mlds iqu:RFkku ds pkyhl fnu ckn vusd yksxksa dh mifLFkfr esa LoxZ esa p<+ x;kA ;g LoxkZjksg.k dksbZ feFkd ugha gS% ;g ,sfrgkfld lPpkbZ gS tks p’enhn xokgksa }kjk ,d lR; ?kVuk ds :i esa ntZ dh x;hA LoxkZjksg.k dks okLrfod bfrgkl ls vyx gVdj ekuuk ckbcy dh xokgh dk badkj djuk gSA

1- elhg ds LoxkZjksg.k dks tks rF; fo’oluh;rk iznku djrk gS] og ;g gS fd LoxkZjksg.k ds fo"k; es igys ls Hkfo";ok.kh dh

x;h FkhA ;wgUuk 16%28 bl lR; ds fo"k; esa D;k crkrk gS\

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iq= dk LoxkZjksg.k gqvk

161

fVIif.k;ak% bl ,d in esa] ;h’kq viuh iwoZ vuar efgek] mlds orZeku ds nsg/kkj.k] vkSj Hkfo"; esa LoxkZjksg.k ds fo"k; esa ppkZ djrk gSA

2- ywdk 1%1&4 vkSj izsfjrksa ds dke 1%1&3 esa] gekjs ikl l’kDr izek.k gS fd lqlekpkj ys[kd bl ckr ij ;fdu djrs Fks fd os

,sfrgkfld rF;ksa dks tksM+ jgs FksA fdl izdkj izsfjrksa ds dke 1%9&11 ;g izxV djrk gS fd mUgksasus elhg ds LoxkZjksg.k dks

bfrgkl dh ,d okLrfod ?kVuk ds :i esa ns[kk\

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fVIif.k;ak% in 9 vkSj 10 esa] ywdk fy[krk gS fd psyksa ds ^^ns[krs ns[krs** vkSj os ^^vkdk’k dh vksj ,dVd ns[k jgs FksA** nksuksa okD;ka’k vka[kksa ns[kh lk{kh ds o.kZu dh vksj ladsr nsrs gSa] ftls ywdk vius lqlekpkj ds L=ksr ds :i esa iz;qDr djrk gSA okD;ka’k ^^,dVd ns[k jgs Fks** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn vursfutks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^viuh vka[ks dsafnzr djuk] lh/ks ns[kuk ;k ?kwjukA** ;gh ’kCn ywdk 4%20 esa iz;qDr fd;k x;k gS] tc ckbcy ?kksf"kr djrh gS fd ^^vkjk/kuky; esa lc yksxksa dh vka[ksa ml ¼;h’kq½ ij yxh ¼dsafnzr½ FkhaA psyksa us ek= fdlh pht dh dksbZ {kf.kd >yd ugha ns[kh Fkh ftls mUgksaus ;h’kq eku dj crk;k gksA muds ikl i;kZIr le; Fkk fd os ?kVuk dk fu/kkZj.k dj ldrs Fks] Hkys gh os mldh xokgh ns jgs gksaA in 11 esa] psyksa dks gYdh lh QVdkj LoxZnwrksa }kjk lquus dks feyh D;ksafd os ;h’kq ds vks>y gks tkus ds ckn Hkh yxkrkj vkdk’k dh vksj ns[krs jgsA iqu% blls irk pyrk gS fd fdruh foLrkjiwoZd mUgksaus ?kVuk dks ns[kk gksxkA la’k;okfn;ksa us ;g dgdj ywdk ds bl o.kZu ij lUnsg txkus dk iz;kl fd;k] fd ywdk dk okD;ka’k ^^mBk fy;k x;k** fo’o ds fo"k; esa gekjs Kku ls ijLij fojks/kh gSA ,slh vkykspuk vuko’;d gSA ywdk mlh ’kCnkoyh dk iz;ksx djrk gS tks vk/kqfud oSKkfud jkWdsV ds mij ^^mBk;s tkus** ds fy; iz;qDr djrs gSaA


162

3- ;g Li"V gS fd u;s fu;e ds ys[kdksa us ;h’kq ds LoxkZjksg.k dks ,d ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk ds :i esa ns[kk FkkA iqu:RFkku ds pkyhl

fnu i’pkr] ;h’kq i`Foh ij ls mBk;s x;s] fdarq dgka mBk;s x;s\ fuEufyf[kr in gesa D;k fl[kkrs gSaa\

v- og LoxZ ij m______________ x;k ¼ywdk 24%51½A okD;ka’k ^^mBk fy;k x;k** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn vukWQsjks ls fudyrk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^ys tkuk] mBkuk ;k c<+kukA** bl lanHkZ esa ^^LoxZ** ’kCn ¼;wukuh% vkWjkukWl½ ls fudyk gS tks ijes’oj ds fuokl LFkku dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA eSF;w gSujh fy[krk gS] ^ôg LoxZ esa Åij mBk;k x;k( fdlh cy ds }kjk ugha ijarq vius Lo;a ds pfj= vkSj dk;Z }kjk______________A fdlh vfXu jFk ;k vfXue; ?kksM+ksa dh vko’;drk ugha Fkh( og ekxZ dks tkurk FkkA**2121

c- tks LoxksZ ls gks______________ ¼bczkfu;ksa 4%14½A okD;ka’k ^^gksdj x;k** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn Mk;kjdksek; ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^tkuk ;k gksdj xqtjuk ;k fdlh LFky ls ;k=k djukA** elhg leLr LoxksZ esa ls gksdj x;k tc rd fd og mPpre LFkkuksa esa ugha igqapk] tgka ijes’oj dh mifLFkfr cuh gksrh gSA

d- og lc vkdk’kksa ls Hkh m______________p______________ fd lc dqN ifj______________ djs ¼bfQfl;ksa 4%10½ A ^^p<+ x;k** ;wukuh ’kCn vukck;uks ls fudyk gS vFkkZr ^^mij dh vksj mBuk] p<+uk] ;k maps gksukA** elhg LoxksZ ds lcls mPpre LoxZ esa p<+k;k x;kA

M- e______________ esa m______________mB______________ x;k ¼1 freqfFk;ql 3%16½A okD;ka’k ^^mBk;k x;k** ;wukuh ’kCn vukySackuks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^ys ysuk ;k xzg.k djukA** elhg ijes’oj ds efgeknk;d fuokl esa p<+k;s x;sA og bl LFkku rd ys tk;s x;s vkSj mRre <ax ls xzg.k fd;s x;sA

b- Okg LoxZ esa mBk fy;k x;k vkSj ijes’oj dh nk______________ gkFk cSB x;k ¼ejdql 16%19½A okD;ka’k ^^mBk fy;k x;k** ;wukuh ’kCn vukySackuks ls fudyk gS ¼bldh ifjHkk"kk nsf[k;s½A eSF;w gSujh fy[krk gS] ^^mls u dsoy izos’k feyk ijarq mlds jkT; esa ifjiw.kZ izos’k feykA**2222 mij p<+k;k tkdj] elhg ^îjes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk cSB x;kA** ijes’oj dk nkfguk gkFk tks mldh dìk vkSj vf/kdkj dk LFkku gS] mlls c<+dj dksbZ LFkku bruk mUur ugha gSA

m- og fi______________ ds ikl tkrk gS ¼;wgUUkk 14%28½A elhg vius egkure izse ds ikl igaqpk] mlds ikl] ftlus NqVdkjs ds egku dk;Z dks laiUu fd;k Fkk & vFkkZr firkA mlus firk dks lc ckrksa esa izlUu fd;k Fkk] vr% og vius firk ds ikl vukjf{kr leFkZu ds lkFk igqap x;kA

Å- euq"; ds iq= dks m______________ tkrs ns[kksa tgka og i______________ Fkk ¼;wgUUkk 6%62½A ^^mij x;k** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn vukck;uks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^^mij p<+uk] vkjksg.k] maps gksukA** nks ckrsa tks bl in esa fl[kkbZ x;h

21 Matthew Henry Commentary, Vol.5, p.84622 Matthew Henry Commentary, Vol.5, p.572


163

gSa% 1- iq= dh ’kk’or efgek tks mlds nsg/kkj.k ls iwoZ Fkh( vkSj 2- iq= vius iwoZ dh egheke; voLFkk esa ykSV x;k] ij bl ckj ijes’oj&euq"; ds :i esaA

loksZPp LFkku ij cSBk;k tkuk

ckbcy crkrh gS fd ;h’kq elhg u dsoy LoxZ esa p<+k;sa x;sa] ijarq og loksZPp lEeku ,oa izHkqRo ds lkFk ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk cSBk;s x;sA ;g ns[kuk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ Fkk fd ;g eghekfUor fd;k tkuk ijes’oj ds iq= ds fy;s ^û;k** ;k ^^vUtkuk vuqHko** ugha FkkA ckbcy Li"V fl[kkrh gS fd og firk ds lkFk efgekeafMr gqvk vkSj og] firk dh efgek tks l`f"V ds vkjaHk ls Fkh] mlesa lgHkkxh gqvk ¼;wgUuk 17%5½A iq= ds iqu% efgekeafMr gksus dk vuwBkiu bles feyrk gS% og firk ds nkfgus gkFk cSBk;k x;k] og ijes’oj vkSj euq"; nksuksa gSA nsg/kkj.k esa] iq= us Lo;a dks vius lEeku vkSj vf/kdkjksa ls [kkyh dj fn;k Fkk ¼;|fi rRo ls ugha½ mlus gekjh euq";rk dks vius mij /kkj.k dj fy;k] firk dh bPNk ds izfr dzwl ij e`R;q gksus rd vkKkdkjh cuk jgkA blh dkj.k ls] mlus ijes’oj dh nkfguh vksj cSBus ds vf/kdkj dks ^^thr fy;k**A og tks ijes’oj ds flagklu ds lehi efgek vkSj xkSjo ds lkFk fojkteku gqvk] og ijes’oj vkSj euq"; nksuksa FkkA elhgk vkSj jktk tks mapk mBk;k x;k] ijes’oj ds lkFk la;qDr gqvk vkSj mlds yksxksa ds lkFk Hkh la;qDr gqvkA

1- ;’kk;kg 52%13&14 esa ,d l’kDr Hkfo";ok.kh] vius yksxksa ds iki ds fy;s nq%[k mBkus ds ckn elhgk ds loksZPp LFkku ij

fojkteku gksus ls lacaf/kr ikbZ tkrh gSA bl in ds egRoiw.kZ lR;ksa dks lkjxfHkZr djsaA

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fVIif.k;ak% ^êsjk lsod** elhgk dks izxV djrk gSA ijes’oj dk dsoy ,d gh lPpk lsod jgk gS & mldk iq= ;h’kq elhgA ^^mUur gksuk** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds lkdky ls fudyrk gS] tks le`f) ;k lQyrk dh vksj b’kkjk djrk gSA ;g ijes’oj dh dìk o vk’kh"k dks crkrk gS vkSj ;g vDlj vkKkdkfjrk dk izfrQy gS ¼;gks’kq 1%8½A mlds iq= ds leku bruk vkKkdkjh ;k ijes’oj dks g"kZ ls Hkjus okyk dksbZ Hkh ugha Fkk ______________ og dzwl ij ejus


164

dh gn rd vkKkdkjh cuk jgkA ¼in 14% blds lkFk fQfYyfi;ksa 2%8 dks if<+;s½ A blfy;s] dksbZ brus mPpre :i esa mBk;s tkus okyk ugha gksxkA

2- ;’kk;kg 53%10&12 esa foLrkjiwoZd ,d vkSj Hkfo";ok.kh elhgk ds vkxeu] mlds d"V Hkksxus vkSj mlds efgekeafMr gksdj

LoxZ esa fojkteku gksus ds laca/k esa feyrh gSA izR;sd in ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk fojkteku gksus dh efgek dks fdl izdkj

crkrk gS] bls vius ’kCnksa esa la{ksi esa fyf[k;sA

v- og viuk oa’k ns[ksxkA og cgqr fnu thfor jgsxk vkSj ;gksok dh Hkyh bPNk mlds gkFk ls iwjh gks tk,xh ¼in 10½

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fVIif.k;ak% mldh vkKkdkfjrk ds ifj.kkeLo:i] iq= iqu:fRFkr gksxk vkSj lnk dky ds fy;s thfor jgsxk ¼^^mlds fnu nh?kZ fd;s tk;saxs**½( mls ,d vkfRed oa’k fn;k tk;sxk ¼^ôg viuk oa’k ns[ksxk**½( vkSj ijes’oj dh bPNk ;k ^^Hkyh bPNk** mlds }kjk ^^le`) gksxhA**

c- viuh euksO;Fkk ds ifj.kkeLo:i og mls ns[ksxk vkSj larq"V gksxk ¼in 11½A

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fVIif.k;ak% ^êuksO;Fkk** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn veky ls fudyk gS] tks dfBu esgur] ijs’kkuh] ?kksj Je] nk:.k ifjJe] larki] nqxZfr vkSj nnZ dks izxV djrk gSA elhgk bu ckrksa dks vius Hkhrj ¼’kkjhfjd] HkkoukRed] ekufld vkSj vkfRed :i esa½ xgjkbZ rd lgu djsxkA fQj Hkh] mldh euksO;Fkk ds dkj.k] dbZ yksx /kehZ Bgjk;s tk;saxs( vkSj og vius bl ikfjrksf"kd ls larq"V gksxkA ^^larq"V gksuk** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn lck ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS ^^larq"V gksuk] larÌr gksuk ;k vfrjsd fcanq rd iw.kZ gksukA**


165

d- blfy;s eSa mls egku yksxksa ds lkFk Hkkx nwaxk vkSj og lkefFkZ;ksa ds lax ywV dks ckaV ysxk ¼in 12½A

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fVIif.k;ak% elhg dks e`R;qi;Zar vkKkdkjh gksus ds dkj.k] ;gka rd fd dzwl dh e`R;q lgus ds dkj.k] ijes’oj }kjk mapk mBk;k x;k vkSj izfrQy iznku fd;k x;kA Hkkx nsuk vkSj ywV dks ckaV ysuk bl vksj ladsr nsrk gS fd dyojh dzwl ,d egku lSU; fot; gSA elhg tks t;oar gS mls mldh t; ds fot;ksigkj fn;s x;s gSaA

3- fQfyIi;ksa 2%6&11 esa ckbcy ds leLr egRoiw.kZ inksa esa ls ,d egRoiw.kZ in ik;k tkrk gS tks ijes’oj ds iq= dh nhurk vkSj

maps mBk;s tkus ls laca) gSA bl in dks dbZ ckj if<+;s tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k; oLrq ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa vkSj rc

fuEufyf[kr izR;sd Hkkx ij viuh O;k[;k fyf[k;sA elhg dks mlds }kjk ,sfPNd nhurk dks xzg.k djus dk ikfjrksf"kd D;k

feyk\

v- bl dkj.k ijes’oj us mldks vfr egku fd;k vkSj mldks og uke iznku fd;k tks lc ukeksa esa Js"B gSa ¼in 9½

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fVIif.k;ak% ^^bl dkj.k** okD;ka’k egRoiw.kZ gSA ijes’oj us ^^D;ksafd** vFkok ^^ds dkj.k** ¼;wukuh% fn;ks½] ;h’kq dks mlds ,sfPNd leiZ.k ds dkj.k izR;sd ukeksa esa mapk mBk;k] og leiZ.k tks mlus vius nsg/kkj.k esa] vkKkdkfjrk] cfynkuh e`R;q esa izxV fd;kA mlds LoxZ ij p<+k;s tkus ij] ijes’oj ds iq= vkSj euq"; ds iq= us og LFkku ys fy;k tks txr dh uhao Mkyus ds iwoZ ls mlds fy;s lqjf{kr FkkA og u dsoy vykSfdd vf/kdkj ds }kjk mapk mBk;k x;k] ijarq euq"; ds :i esa mldh fl) vkKkdkfjrk dk izfrQy Hkh mls iznku fd;k x;kA okD;ka’k ^^cgqr mapk mBk;k x;k** ;wukuh ’kCn gwis:ilks ls fudyk gS] tks fdlh dks loksZPp in vkSj lkeFkZ rd igaqpkus ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk gSA ^îznku fd;k tkuk** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn dSjhtksek; ls fudyk gS] tks fdlh dks dqN vkuannk;d


166

nsus ls lacaf/kr gS ;k fdlh ds izfr lger gksus vkSj mlds izfr mnkjrk vkSj eqDr Hkko ls fn;s tkus dks crkrk gSA okD;ka’k ^îzR;sd uke ls mapk** LoxZ vkSj i`Foh dh izR;sd jpuk ds mij iq= ds maps LFkku dks izxV djrk gSA

c- fd ;h’kq ds uke ij izR;sd ?kqVuk fVds] pkgs og LoxZ esa gks ;k i`Foh ij ;k i`Foh ds uhps] vkSj ijes’oj firk dh efgek ds fy, izR;sd thHk vaxhdkj djs fd ;h’kq elhg gh izHkqq gS ¼in 10&11½A

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fVIif.k;ak% ;’kk;kg 45%23 esa] ijes’oj fuEu izdkj ls Lo;a ds fy;s ?kksf"kr djrk gS% ^êSaus viuh gh ’kiFk [kkbZ] esjs eq[k ls /kkfeZdrk esa gh ;g opu fudyk gS tks ugha Vyus dk% izR;sd ?kqVuk esjs vkxs fVdsxk vkSj izR;sd thHk esjh gh fu"Bk dh ’kiFk [kk,xhA** elhg ds mij ;g in ykxw gksrk gS vkSj mlds ijes’ojRo dk ;g lcls cM+k izek.k gSA ?kqVus dk >qduk ewY; dh igpku] lEeku nsus vkSj izHkqRo ds izfr leiZ.k dks izxV djrk gSA ;g in nks cM+s egku lR;ksa dks izxV djrk gSA igyk lR;] elhg] leLr vknj vkSj J)k ds ;ksX; gSA nwljk lR;] ,d fnu vk;sxk] tc lkjh l`f"V mls igpkusxh vkSj elhg dks izHkq Lohdkj djsxhA

4- u;s fu;e ds fuEu in elhg ds maps mBk;s tkus vkSj mlds mn~ns’; ds ckjs esa gesa dqN egRoiw.kZ varn`f"V iznku djrs gSaA

izR;sd in ds mij vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

v- bczkfu;ksa 1%3

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fVIif.k;ak% ^îkiksa dks /kksdj** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn dFkkfjlekWl ls fudyk gS] ftldk vuqokn bl izdkj Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ^^’kq) djukA** ;g elhg ds dyojh ij izk;f’pr dks crkrk gS ftlls mlds yksx iki ls


167

’kq) gksrs gSaA okD;ka’k ^^LoxZ esa efgek** ijes’oj vkSj mldh egkurk dks n’kkZrk gSA ;g lR; fd elhg ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk cSB x;k] ;g izxV djrk gS fd mls loksZPp vknj vkSj dìk iznku dh x;h] ,d LFkku vkSj in tks ijes’oj ds cjkcj gSA

c- bczkfu;ksa 2%9

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fVIif.k;ak% iqu% elhg dh nhurk vkSj izk;f’pr e`R;q mlds maps mBk;s tkus ds fy;s ,d dkj.k ;k vk/kkj ds :i esa ns[ks tkrs gSA bczkfu;ksa dk ys[kd ^êfgek vkSj vknj dk eqdqV igus gq,** blls c<+dj ,s’o;Z;qDr okD;ka’k ugha pqu ldkA fdUrq] ;g Hkh ml efgek dks of.kZr djuk vkjaHk ugha djrk tks elhg ij m.M+syh x;h FkhA

d- izdkf’krokD; 3%21

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fVIif.k;ak% ^t; ikuk** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds fudkvks ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS ^thr gkfly djuk** ;k ^t;oar gksukA** elhg dk firk dh bPNk ds izfr leiZ.k vkSj mldh fl) vkKkdkfjrk mlds maps mBk;s tkus ds igys vko’;d iz.ksrk FksA mldh vkKkdkfjrk vkSj leiZ.k esa] elhg us iki] ’kSrku vkSj e`R;q dks thr fy;kA mldk mapk mBk;k tkuk mldh vkKkdkfjrk ds izfrQy dk fp=.k gSA

168


v/;k; 28% gekjk egkefgeu~ m)kjdrkZ

ijes’oj ds ’kk’or iq= us Lo;a dks ijes’ojRo ds xkSjo ls oafpr dj fn;k vkSj euq";rk dks èkkj.k dj fy;kA mlus bl i`Foh ij thou fcrk;k vkSj ijes’oj dh bPNk ds izfr vfopy leiZ.k ds lkFk ,d fl) thou th;kA ijes’oj dh iwoZ vfHkf"kDr ;kstuk ds vuqlkj] og nq"V tuksa ds gkFkksa jkseh dzwl ij dhyksa ls Bksdk x;kA ml dzwl ij] mlus vius yksxksa ds iki dks ogu fd;k vkSj muds LFkku ij ijes’oj ds dzks/k dks lgu fd;kA viuh e`R;q ls] mlus ijes’oj ds U;k; dks larq"V fd;k vkSj ,d U;k;h ijes’oj ds fy;s mlds yksxksa ds iki dks {kek djuk vkSj mUgsa mldh ije mifLFkfr esa vkus dks laHko cuk;kA mldh vkKkdkfjrk ds QyLo:i] nsg/kkfjr iq= e`rdksa es ls th mBk vkSj elhgk ds :i esa ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk fojkftr gqvkA ,dek= ogh elhgk dgykrk gS] vkSj dsoy mlds uke esa m)kj feyrk gSA

ckbcy fcuk fdlh [ksn ds dgrh gS fd m)kj dsoy ;h’kq elhg ds uke esa feyrk gSA dksbZ nwljk elhgk] e/;LFk ;k lk/ku ugha gS ftlds }kjk euq"; vius iki dh {kek izkIr dj lds vkSj ijes’oj ls mldk esy gks tk;s( ;g dk;Z dsoy ;h’kq elhg ds O;fDrRo vkSj mlds dyojh dzwl ij fd;s x;s fl) dk;Z ls gh iw.kZ gks ldrk gSA ;g elhgr ds lcls vf}rh; lR;ksa esa ls ,d lR; gS( gkykafd] bl lR; ds fy;s FkksM+k lk Hkh le>kSrk djuk ckbcy dk badkj djuk gS vkSj elhg dh efgek dks ?kVkuk gS] dzwl dks ’kwU; cukuk gS vkSj lqlekpkj ds dsanz LFky ij dVkj pykus tSlk gSA lqlekpkj dk ,dek= fo’oluh; dFku og gS] tks fufHkZd gksdj Li"V dgrk gS fd ;h’kq elhg gh ,dek= elhgk gS!

1- ;wgUuk 14%6 esa] ;h’kq us ijes’oj ds lR;] thou vkSj esy ds izfr Lo;a dh Hkwfedk ds fy;s fufHkZd dFku fn;kA elhg ds fopkj

ls] D;k lR;] thou ;k m)kj dks elhg ds vfrfjDr fdlh vkSj ls ik;k tk ldrk gS\ fuEufyf[kr okD;ka’kksa esa ls izR;sd ij

vius fopkj fyf[k;sA

v- eSa ekxZ gwa

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gekjk egkefgeu~ m)kjdrkZ

169

fVIif.k;ak% elhg ^îfo=rk dk jktekxZ** gS] ;’kk;kg 35%8 esa bldh Hkfo";ok.kh dh x;h gS vkSj bczkfu;ksa 10%20 esa ^û;k vkSj thfor ekxZ** crk;k x;k gSA og ,dek= ekxZ gS ftl ij euq"; vkSj ijes’oj feyrs gSaA jkse ys tkus okys ekxZ vusd gks ldrs gSa] ijarq iki dh {kek vkSj ijes’oj ds lkFk lgh laca/k ds fy;s ,d gh ekxZ gS ;h’kq elhgA

c- vkSj lR;

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fVIif.k;ak% elhg lR; ds f’k{kd ls c<+dj gSaa( og lR; gS euq";ksa ds fy;s vkSj ml ekud ds vuqlkj] ftlesa nwljs fopkj] ’kCn vkSj dk;ksZ dk U;k; fd;k tkrk gS] og lR; dk lcls cM+k izxVhdj.k gSA mldk O;fDrRo vkSj f’k{kk lR; dk cgqr cM+k ewrZ:i gS tks igys euq";ksa dks dHkh ugha fn;k x;kA dksbZ Hkh f’k{kk tks elhg ds fojks/k esa gS ;k Lo;a dks elhg ls c<+dj izxV djrh gS] >wBh f’k{kk gSA

d- vkSj thou gqa

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fVIif.k;ak% ;wgUuk vius lqlekpkj dks ;g ?kksf"kr djrs gq, izkjaHk djrk gS] ^^mlesa ¼vFkkZr iq=½ esa thou Fkk] vkSj og thou euq";ksa dh T;ksfr Fkk** ¼1%4½A ;wgUuk 5%26 esa] ;h’kq us u dsoy ;g fl[kk;k fd thou mlds }kjk gS] iajrq ;g Hkh crk;k fd ^^Lo;a mlesa thou** gSA izkjaHk ls gh] iq= euq";ksa ds fy;s laiw.kZ thou dk e/;LFk jgk gS] nksuksa


170

’kkjhfjd vkSj vkfRed :i esaA og lPph nk[kyrk gS] ,dek= ogh gS] tks mlesa cus jgus okyksa dks vkfRed thou iznku djrk gS ¼;wgUUkk 15%1&6½A mlls vyx gVdj] dksbZ lPph vkfRedrk ugha gSA

M- fcuk esjs dksbZ firk ds ikl ugha vk ldrkA

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fVIif.k;ak% ;g elhgh fo’okl dh lcls cM+h vf}rh;rk gSA lPph elhgr cgqr fof’k"V gS fd ;g elhg vkSj dyojh ij mlds cfynkuh dk;Z ds fcuk fdlh dks LoxZ esa izos’k ugha nsrh gSA iqjkus fu;e ds lar ijes’oj ds izdk’ku esa fo’okl ds }kjk /kehZ Bgjs Fks fd mUgsa elhgk ds }kjk Hkfo"; dh vk’kk dh izfrKk;sa izkIr gqbZa FkhaA vc elhgk vk pqdk gS vkSj iqjkus fu;e dh Hkfo";okf.k;ka vkSj izfrKk;sa iw.kZ gks pqdh gSa] vkSj m)kj dsoy mlds uke vkSj mlds }kjk fd;s x;s NqVdkjs ds dk;Z esa gh feyrk gSA

2- ;g fuf’pr djus ds fy;s fd ;h’kq ds ’kCnksa dh gekjs }kjk dh x;h O;k[;k lgh gS] gesa dsoy dqN lkgfld dFkuksa dks ns[kus

dh vko’;drk gS tks izsfjrksa ds izpkj vkSj ys[ku esa fn;s x;s gSaA fuEufyf[kr inksa ds vuqlkj] dSls os ;h’kq elhg ds O;fDrRo

vkSj cpkus okys dk;Z dh O;k[;k djrs Fks\ D;k og ,d elhgk gS ;k ,dek= elhgk gS\

v- izsfjrksa ds dke 4%12

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fVIif.k;ak% irjl ds fy;s eqf’dy ls laHko gqvk gksxk fd og elhg ds vuwBsiu vkSj mldh cpkus okyh ;ksX;rk ds fo"k; esa vkSj Li"V cksysA mlds ’kCn ijes’oj ds egku dFkuksa dk Lej.k fnykrs gSa tks mlus Hkfo";oDrk ;’kk;kg ds }kjk dgs Fks% ^êSa] gka] eSa gh ;gksok gwa vkSj eq>s NksM+ dksbZ m)kjdrkZ ugha** ¼;’kk;kg 43%11½( vkSj] ^êq>s NksM+ dksbZ


171

vU; ijes’oj ugha] /kehZ vkSj m)kjdrkZ bZ’oj eq>s NksM+ vkSj dksbZ ugha gS ¼;’kk;kg 45%21 c½A ;g elhgr dk cM+k /ot gSA l`f"V ds izR;sd {ks= dks [kkstk tk ldrk gS] ijarq elhgk ds ’kh"kZd ds ;ksX; ijes’oj ds esEus ds vfrfjDr dksbZ ugha fey ldrkA

c- 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 3%11

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fVIif.k;ak% laiw.kZ ckbcy esa] elhg dks uhao vkSj fljs dk iRFkj dgk x;k gS ftlds mij m)kj vkSj dyhfl;k fuHkZj djrh gS ¼;’kk;kg 28%16( eRrh 21%42( izsfjrksa ds dke 4%11( bfQfl;ksa 2%20( 2 freksFkh;ql 2%19( 1 irjl 2%6½A ijes’oj us dsoy ,d uhao dk iRFkj j[kk] vkSj og elhg gSA ,dek= mlds ikl ijes’oj dh eqgj gSA

d- 1 freqFkh;ql 2%5

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fVIif.k;ak% dsoy elhg esa m)kj dk fl)kar ckbcy vk/kkfjr elhgr ds fy;s mruk gh vk/kkjHkwr gS ftruk ,ds’ojokn dk fl)kar ¼vFkkZr dsoy ,d ijes’oj esa fo’okl½A ^ê/;LFk** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn eslhVsl ls fudyk gS] tks ,d e/;LFk ;k fcpobZ dks crkrk gSA gekjs orZeku lanHkZ esa] ;g ijes’oj vkSj euq"; ds chp ,d e/;LFk dks crkrk gSA êuq";** ds :i esa ;h’kq dk ifjp; mlds ijes’ojRo ls badkj ugha gS] ijarq ;g mldh euq";rk ij tksj nsus ds fy;s fufeZr fd;k x;k gS rkfd fo’oklh dks <k<+l fey ldsA gekjk e/;LFk gekjs tSlk gS vkSj og gesa HkkbZ dgus ls ytkrk ugha gS ¼bczkfu;ksa 2%11½A


172

M- 1 ;wgUuk 5%12

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fVIif.k;ak% iqu% bl in dh Li"Vrk ij iz’u ugha mBk;k tk ldrkA ijes’oj ds lkFk esy ds QyLo:i] lewpk okLrfod vkfRed thou vkSj ’kk’or thou dh vk’kk] elhg ds lkFk ,d O;fDr ds laca/k ds }kjk fu/kkfjr gksrk gSA u;s fu;e ds ys[kdksa dk vVy lqHkkf"kr ^^,dek= elhg esa** gSA ,d O;fDr viuh xokgh esa vlger gks ldrk gS fd elhg gh ,dek= ekxZ gS ijarq og bl ckr ls vlger ugha gks ldrk fd ;s mudh xokgh gS!

3- izsfjrksa ds dke 5%31 vkSj 11%17&18 es bl laca/k esa fd m)kj dsoy elhg esa gS] nks egRoiw.kZ dFku feyrs gSaA os izekf.kr djrs

gS fd elhg u dsoy ;gwfn;ksa dk elhgk gS ftlesa vU;tkfr ds yksx viokn gSa] u gh og vU;tkfr;ksa dk elhgk gS ftlesa

;gwnh viokn gSa] ijarq og leLr yksxksa ds fy;s ijes’oj }kjk fu;qDr elhgk gSA

v- izsfjrksa ds dke 5%31 esa] izsfjr irjl] elhg ds ;gwfn;ksa ds lkFk laca/k esa D;k ?kksf"kr djrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ak% ijes’oj }kjk ;h’kq dks efgeknk;d LFkku iznku djuk bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd og ijes’oj }kjk fu;qDr eqfDrnkrk gS tks mlds izkphu ;gwnh yksxksa ds fy;s m)kj ykrk gSA

c- izsfjrksa ds dke 11%17 & 18 esa] ;gwnh elhgh D;k eku ysrs gSa tc os irjl ls ijes’oj }kjk vU;tkfr;ksa dks cpk;s tkus dk o.kZu lqurs gSa\ D;k elhg dsoy ;gwfn;ksa ds fy;s ijes’oj }kjk Bgjk;s gq, elhgk gSa ;k vU;tkfr;ksa ds fy;s Hkh elhgk dgykrs gSa\

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173

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4- jksfe;ksa 1%16 esa izsfjr ikSyql] ;h’kq elhg ds lqlekpkj ds laca/k esa ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ dFku dgrk gS fd lc yksxksa ds m)kj

ds fy;s og gh ,dek= lk/ku gSA bl in ij fopkj dhft;s vkSj vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

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fVIif.k;ak% vkfRed :i ls e`rd dks iquthZou nsus esa] ikih dks /kehZ Bgjkus esa vkSj v’kq) dks ’kq) djus esa cM+h lkeFkZ ¼;wukuh% Mwukfel½ yxrh gSA ,slh lkeFkZ dsoy lqlekpkj esa ik;h tkrh gS] tks flQZ elhg dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS fd og ,dek= elhgk gS ftlds }kjk euq"; cpk;s tk ldrs gSaA

174


v/;k; 29% gekjk egkefgeu~ e/;LFk

elhg dk NqVdkjk nsus dk dk;Z dzwl ij mldh e`R;q ds lkFk lekIr ugha gksrk gS( ;g mlds efgekeafMr gksus ds lkFk fujarj cuk jgrk gSA elhg ,d egku egk;ktd gS ftlus ijes’oj ds U;k; dks larq"V djus ds fy;s vkSj mlds yksxksa dks dzks/k ls cpkus ds fy;s Lo;a dks ,d fl) cfynku cukdj izLrqr fd;k( iajrq og ,d egku egk;ktd Hkh gS tks mlds yksxksa ds thou ds fy;s lnSo mudk e/;LFk cudj LoxZ esa ijes’oj ls fourh djrk gSA nsg/kkj.k esa] iq= us mlds yksxksa dh euq";rk vius mij xzg.k dj yh rkfd og muds LFkku ij ej ldsA iq=] vc LoxZ esa mlh euq";rk dks /kkfjr fd;s gq, efgek ds lkFk] mlds yksxksa dks] ijes’oj ds le{k mudk e/;LFk vkSj lgk;d cudj izLrqr djrk gSA vxys nks v/;k;ksa esa] ge bu nks Hkwfedkvksa dks /;ku ls ns[ksaxs& ¼e/;LFk½ blh v/;k; esa vkSj ¼lgk;d½ vxys v/;k; esaA

^ê/;LFk** ’kCn ysfVu Hkk"kk dh fdz;k ehfM;kj ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ê/; esa gksukA** ê/;LFk** ds fy;s ;wukuh ’kCn eslhVsl gS ¼tks fdz;k eslhfV;ks ls fy;k x;k gS vFkkZr ^^le>kSrk djuk**½ A ^ê/;LFk** dh fuEu fyf[kr ifjHkk"kk;sa lgk;d gSA

^^tks lk>snkjksa dks ,d le>kSrs esa vkus ds fy;s izsfjr djrk gS] ftlesa O;oLFkk dh fuaf’prrk dh ftEesnkjh fufgr gS** ¼ykS o fuMk ;wukuh ySfDldu½

^^tks nks lk>snkjksa ds e/; esa dk;Z djrk gS( og tks nks fojks/kh lk>snkjksa esa esy djokrk gS( ,d e/;LFk( tks nks lk>snkjksa ds chp okrkZyki dk lk/ku gS] ,d e/;LFk lk>snkjA** ¼ekmal xzhd fMD’kujh½

oscLVj ,d e/;LFk dh ifjHkk"kk nsrs gS tks ^^nks lk>snkjksa ds e/; ijLij le>kSrk djokus ds fy;s vgZrkizkIr gSA** ijes’oj vkSj euq"; ds chp ,d mfpr e/;LFk gksus ds fy;s] uktjFk ds ;h’kq dk ijes’oj vkSj euq"; ds vfLrRo dks ,d gh O;fDr esa gksuk vko’;d FkkA mls iw.kZ euq"; gksuk vko’;d Fkk rkfd og viuk gkFk euq"; ij j[k lds] mls ijes’oj ds ckjs esa izdk’ku ns lds vkSj mls <k<+l fnyk ldsA mls iw.kZ ijes’oj gksuk vko’;d Fkk rkfd viuk gkFk ijes’oj ij j[ks] vkSj bZ’ojh; oSHko dk iw.kZ izdk’ku gks lds vkSj euq";ksa ds fy, fourh dj ldsA ;g lcls cqjs :i okyh bZ’kfuank gksxh vxj ,slh dksbZ lkeFkZ lcls efgek’kkyh izk.kh dks nh tk;sA rstLoh ljkQhe tks ijes’oj ds flagklu ds lkeus mifLFkr jgrs gSa] os Hkh dHkh mlds izrki dks ikus dk nkok ugha djrs] u gh mlds e/;LFk gksus ds fy;s Hkh vius gkFkksa dk tjk lk Hkh foLrkj djrs! ftrus HkO; os gSa] mruk gh os viuk flj >qdkus ls c<+dj] nhu cus gksrs gSa] Lo;a dks <kais jgrs vkSj iqdkjrs

gekjk egkefgeu~ e/;LFk

175

jgrs gSa fd og ,dek= ifo=] ifo= vkSj ifo= gS ¼;’kk;kg 6%2&3½A /;ku djuk fdlh izk.kh ds v/khu ugha gSA ;g ,dek= elhg dk dk;Z{ks= gS! og ,dek= ijes’oj ds le{k [kM+s gksus ds fy;s vko’;d gSA ,dek= ogh] ijes’oj ds le{k gekjs cnys esa [kM+s gksus dh vgZrkizkIr gS] D;ksfd ,dek= ijes’oj dk laiw.kZ :i] og vius nSfgd ’kjhj esa /kkj.k djrk gSA vius fo’kq) :i esa dgsa rks og ijes’oj gS] vkSj og gekjs tSlk euq"; Fkk dsoy mlesa dksbZ iki ugha FkkA

1- vkne ds iru ls gh] euq"; txr ,sls fdlh tu dh ?kksj vko’;rk esa gSS] ,slk izfrfuf/k tks ijes’oj ds lkeus mudks izLrqr

dj ldsa vkSj fcpobZ dk dk;Z djrs jgsA ijes’oj ls esy djokus dh ,dek= vk’kk ,sls gh izfrfuf/k ds }kjk iw.kZ dh tk ldrh

FkhA v¸;wc dh iqLrd esa bl izkphu izdkj ds }an dk Li"V fp=.k gSA v¸;wc }kjk v/;k; 9%29&33 esa dh x;h cM+h f’kdk;r

D;k Fkh\ bl va’k esa ls fuEufyf[kr m)j.kksa ds mij vius fopkj fyf[k;sA

v- eSa rks nq"V fxuk x;k gwa] rks fQj eSa D;ksa O;FkZ ifjJe d:a\ pkgs eSa fge ds ty ls Luku djrk vkSj vius gkFk lTthnkj ikuh ls lkQ djrk] fQj Hkh rw eq>s xM~<s esa gh Mkyrk] vkSj esjs vius gh oL= eq>ls ?k`.kk djrsA ¼in 29&31½A

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fVIif.k;ak% v¸;wc us nks egRoiw.kZ lR;ksa dks igpkukA igyk lR;] lc euq";ksa ds leku] og ijes’oj ds le{k ,d ikih FkkA nwljk lR;] ijes’oj ds le{k mldk lkjk ifjJe O;FkZ FkkA f;eZ;kg 2%22 esa] ijes’oj ?kksf"kr djrk gS] ^^;|fi rw vius dks lTth ls /kks, vkSj cgqr lkcqu yxk, fQj Hkh rsjs v/keZ dk /kCck esjs lkeus cuk gqvk gSA** os tks ijes’oj dh ifo=rk vkSj viuh vfr’k; uSfrd foQyrk] nksuksa ds laca/k esa dqN le> j[krs gSa] ;g muds fy;s cM+h Hk;kud lPpkbZ gSA elhg ls ijs] mlds izk;f’pr cfynku] mldh vH;kjksfir /kkfeZdrk o mlds lrr euu] ds fcuk euq"; dks dksbZ vk’kk ugha gSA

c- D;ksafd og rks esjs leku euq"; ugha] ftlds lkFk eSa okn fookn dj ldwa vkSj ge nksuksa dk U;k; gks lds ¼in 32½

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176

fVIif.k;ak% v¸;wc us Lohdkj fy;k fd ijes’oj ifo= gS & ikfi;ksa ls vyx gS vkSj euq"; dh igqap ls ckgj gSA ijes’oj ds lPps Kku ds rgr ;g egku ^îgys lR;ksa** ;k ^^vk/kkjHkwr lR;ksa** esa ls ,d gSA ijes’oj us ewlk ls dgk] ^^rw esjs eq[k dk n’kZu djds thfor ugha jg ldrk!** ¼fuxZeu 33%20½A v¸;wc us bl lR; dks igpku fy;kA dSls og dYiuk Hkh dj ldrk Fkk fd og ijes’oj dh mifLFkfr esa izos’k dj ldrk Fkk\ v¸;wc ds fy;s vkSj gekjs fy;s Hkh ;g iz’u vuqRrfjr gS% ^^dSls ge ijes’oj rd igqap ldrs gSa\** ,d e/;LFk dh vko’;drk gS% tks ijes’oj dh ije mifLFkfr esa lgt gks vkSj ftlesa gesa foJke fey ldsA

d- gekjs chp dksbZ fu.kkZ;d ugha tks ge nksuksa ij viuk gkFk j[k lds ¼in 33½A

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fVIif.k;ak% ^^fu.kkZ;d** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ;k[kk ls vuqokfnr gS] tks ,d fu.kkZ;d ¼umpire½] e/;LFk] ;k U;k;drkZ dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA v¸;wc us ,d e/;LFk dh vko’;drk dks igpkuk tks mlds vkSj ijes’oj ds e/; [kM+s gksus dh vgZrkizkIr gksA 1 ’kew,y 2%25 esa] ge i<+rs gSa] ^^;fn ,d O;fDr nwljsa ds fo:) iki djrk gS rks ijes’oj mldh e/;LFkrk djsxkA ijarq ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ;gksok ds fo:) iki djrk gS] mlds cpko ds fy;s dkSu fourh dj ldrk gS\** ;g lR; v¸;wc dh f’kdk;r dk vk/kkj gSA lgh e/;LFk dks euq"; gksuk vko’;d gS rkfd mldk gkFk v¸;wc ij j[k lds] ijarq mls ijes’oj Hkh gksuk vko’;d gS rkfd og viuk gkFk ijes’oj ij Hkh j[k ldsA ;s nksuksa vgZrk;sa ;h’kq esa iw.kZ gksrh gSaA og ,d euq"; gS tks gekjh nqcZyrkvksa esa gekjs lkFk lgkuqHkwfr j[k ldrk gS( vkSj og ijes’oj dk iq= Hkh gS tks LoxksZ ls gksdj x;k gS vkSj ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk fojkftr gS] izfrfnu mlds yksxksa ds cnys esa fcurh djrk gSA

2- ckbcy dgrh gS fd lHkh euq";ksa dh lcls cMh vko’;drk] ,d e/;LFk dh mifLFkfr gksrh gS tks muds vkSj ijes’oj ds e/;

[kM+k gksA ckbcy ;g Hkh fl[kkrh gS fd ijes’oj us bl vko’;drk dks ;h’kq elhg ds O;fDrRo esa iw.kZ fd;kA 1 freqfFk;ql

2%5 gesa bl lR; ds fo"k; esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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177

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fVIif.k;ak% ^^,d ijes’oj** dk dFku btjk;y vkSj eaMyh dh lcls cM+h miyfC/k gS ¼O;oLFkkfooj.k 6%4½A elhg ,dek= e/;LFk gS] bldk badkj djuk ckbcy ds ,dek= ijes’oj ds badkj ds cjkcj gSA tSlk mij crk;k x;k] ’kCn ^ê/;LFk** ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn eslhVsl ls fudyk gS] tks ,d e/;LFk ;k fcpobZ dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA ;g ml O;fDr dks izxV djrk gS tks nks i{kksa dss e/; gLr{ksi djrk gS rkfd ’kkafr LFkkfir djs] laf/k djokus ds fy;s] fdlh okpk dks n`<+ djus ds fy;sA nks i{kksa dk ,d la;qDr laca/k esa o.kZu djuk ¼^îjes’oj vkSj euq";**½] ikSyql e/;LFk dh vuwBh vgZrkvksa dks O;Dr djrk gSA mlds ikl ijes’ojRo dh iw.kZrk gksuh pkfg;s rkfd ijes’oj ds ikl vk lds vkSj gekjk lgk;d gks ¼1 ;wgUuk 2%1½A ;|fi] mls iw.kZ euq"; Hkh gksuk pkfg;s rkfd og oS/kkfud :i esa mfpr LFkku ij [kM+k gks lds vkSj gekjs iki ds fy;s izk;f’pr dj lds] rkfd og gesa vius izrki ls ijkftr u dj lds] og gesa ijes’oj dk Kku iznku djs vkSj rkfd gekjh nqcZyrkvksa esa gekjs lkFk lgkuqHkwfr j[k lds ¼bczkfu;ksa 4%15½A ^êuq";** dks ^êlhg ;h’kq** ds igys LFkku nsus ls] izsfjr ikSyql elhg ds bZ’ojRo ls badkj djus dk bjknk ugha j[krk u gh elhg ds bZ’ojRo dks ?kVkrk gS( blds cnys] og e/;LFk ds :i esa] lh/ks elhg dh euq";rk ij vkSj vf/kd cy nsrk gS ftlds }kjk nqcZy euq"; ijes’oj ds lehi vk ldsA elhg ds bZ’ojRo dk badkj fd;s fcuk] ikSyql dh ea’kk ;g O;Dr djus dh gS fd elhg gekjs leku gSA

3- ckbcy ;g fl[kkrh gS fd ;h’kq elhg ijes’oj vkSj euq"; ds chp e/;LFk gksus ds fy;s vuwBs :i esa ;ksX; gSA ijes’oj euq";

ds :i esa] og nksuksa i{kksa dks izLrqr djrk gS vkSj muds chp esy djokrk gSA bczkfu;ksa 4%15&16 gesa bl lR; ds fo"k; esa D;k

fl[kkrk gS\

v- D;ksafd gekjk ,slk egk;ktd ugha tks gekjh fucZyrkvksa esa gels lgkuqHkwfr u j[k ldsA og rks lc ckrksa esa gekjs gh leku ij[kk x;k] fQj Hkh fu"iki fudyk ¼in 15½A

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178

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fVIif.k;ak% elhg egk;ktd gS] ysoh; egk;ktdksa dk loZJs"B vkSj egku ifjiw.kZrk gS ¼bczkfu;ksa 4%14½A ^^lgkuqHkwfr** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn lweikfFk;ks ¼lwe ¾ ds lkFk $ ikLdks ¾ lgu djuk½ ls vuqokfnr gS] ^^fdlh dh Hkkoukvksa ;k nqcZyrkvksa ls mUghsa ds leku izHkkfor gksukA** ds-ts-oh- dk vaxzsth vuqokn bls bl rjg vuqokfnr djrk gS] ^^gekjh nqcZyrkvksa dh Hkkoukvksa ls O;kdqy gksukA** ^^nqcZyrk** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn ,sLFksfu;k ¼,s ¾ ugha $ LFksuksl ¾ rkdr½ ls vuqokfnr gS] tks nqcZyrk] :X.krk] {kh.krk] v{kerk ;k v;ksX;rk dks n’kkZrk gSA ckbcy fl[kkrh gS fd elhg ikie;h nsg dh lekurk esa vk;s ¼jksfe;ksa 8%3½A bldk ;g vFkZ dnkfi ugha fd mldh nsg ikie;h Fkh] ijarq mudh nsg Hkh ifrr ekuork dh leLr nqcZyrkvksa ls izHkkfor gksus ds fy;s foo’k FkhA Eklhg dh nsg ,d rstLoh] vkd"kZd] vknee; nsg ugha Fkh tSlk fd vDlj =qfViw.kZ :i ls eku fy;k tkrk gSA ^îjh{kk esa iM+s** ;wukuh ’kCn iSjktks ls fudyk gSA ldkjkRed :i esa] ;g ’kCn fdlh pht dh xq.koRrk dh ijh{kk ;k tkap dh vksj ladsr nsrk gSA udkjkRed :i eas] ;g izyksfHkr djus dks iznf’kZr djrk gS rkfd fdlh dks iki djus ds fy;s mdlk ldsA mRrjorhZ vFkZ ;gka Li"V :i ls fufgr gSA elhg] ’kSrku vkSj izR;sd ifrr dkjd ¼euq"; vkSj nq"VkRek½ }kjk mudh O;oLFkk vuqlkj] lc ckrksa esa ij[kk x;kA ;g /;ku nsuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd fdz;k iSjktks iw.kZ dky gSA tSls lc ckrksa esa gekjh ijh{kk gksrh gS] oSls gh elhg laiw.kZ :i esa lHkh ckrksa esa ifgys gh gekjs leku ij[kk x;kA bldk ;g vFkZ ugha gS fd ge izR;sd ijh{kk ;k dkYifud ijh{kk dk lkeuk dj pqds gSa] ijarq og rks lkeuk dj pqdk gSA blfy;s] og lc ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gekjh lgk;rk djus esa leFkZ gSA ,slh dksbZ ijh{kk ugha gS ftldk mlus ifgys gh lkeuk ugha fd;k gks vkSj ml ij izcy ugha gqvk gksA bl dkj.k ls] mls ^^fu"iki** dgk x;k gSA uktjFk ds ;h’kq dk laHkor% ;g lcls vf/kd foLe;dkjd xq.k gS & iw.kZ:is.k og fu"iki Fkk! elhg leLr ekuork ds ,dek= O;fDr gS ftlds fy;s ;g nkok fd;k tk ldrk gSA

c- vr% ge lkgl ds lkFk vuqxzg ds flagklu ds fudV vk,a fd ge ij n;k gks vkSj vuqxzg ik,a fd vko’;drk ds le; gekjh lgk;rk gks ¼in 16½A

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179

fVIif.k;ak% ^^lkgl** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ikjsgfl;kl ’kCn ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ [kqykiu] Lora=rk] iw.kZ vk’oklu vkSj ;gka rd fd fufHkZdrk gSA D;ksafd elhg us okLro esa gekjh ifrr euq"; okyh lPpkbZ esa izos’k fd;k gS] D;ksafd og lc ckrksa esa ij[kk x;k] D;ksafd mlus gekjs iki dk naM dyojh ij iwjk Hkj fn;k] vkSj D;ksafd og gekjh nqnZ’kk ds izfr iwjh lgkuqHkwfr j[krk gS] blfy, ge vc lkgl ds lkFk ijes’oj ds lehi vk ldrs gSa! U;k; dk flagklu vuqxzg ds flagklu esa ifjofrZr gks x;k gSA pwafd elhg ikie; nsg dh lekurk esa vk;k ¼jksfe;ksa 8%3½ vkSj lc ckrksa esa ij[kk x;k] rkSHkh fu"iki fudyk] og gekjh nqcZyrk esa gels lgkuqHkwfr j[kus ds fy;s vuwBs :i esa ;ksX; gS vkSj gesa mlh izdkj o ml ek=k dh lgk;rk iznku djrk gS tks gesa gekjs fo’okl dks tkapus vkSj ’kSrku dh izR;sd ijh{kk dk lkeuk djus ds fy;s vko’;d gSA

180


v/;k; 30% gekjk egkefgeu~ lgk;d

vius e/;LFk dh Hkwfedk esa] elhgk vius yksxksa ds fy;s lgk;d dh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djrk gSA ^^lgk;d** ’kCn ysfVu Hkk"kk ds ,MoksdsVl ls fudyk gS ¼,M ¾ vksj] rjQ $ oksdsj ¾ iqdkjuk½ vkSj ml dh vksj ladsr nsrk gS tks fdlh ds ekeys dk fuosnu djus ds fy;s cqyk;k x;k gksA ;wukuh Hkk"kk esa] ^^,MoksdsV** ’kCn dk vuqokn ijkfDyksVkWl ds :i esa fd;k x;k gSA ;g ml O;fDr dks izxV djrk gS tks ,d U;k;k/kh’k ;k jktk ds le{k fdlh ds ekeys esa fuosnu djrk gSA bl ’kCn dk vuqokn ^^vf/koDrk]** ^ôdhy** ^îzfroknh vf/koDrk** ;k ^ôdhy** ds :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;h’kq elhg vius yksxksa ds fy;s lgk;d gS vkSj og ijes’oj ds flagklu ds le{k mu yksxksa fy;s fourh djus ds fy;s vuardky rd thfor gSA elhg ds lgk;d dh Hkwfedk dh loZJs"B O;k[;k osLVfeaLVj yktZj dWVdhTe ds iz’u dzekad 55 esa feyrh gS%

iz'u% elhg fdl izdkj fuosnu djrk gS\

mRrj% elhg gekjs LoHkko esa izxV gksdj viuh vkKkdkfjrk vkSj i`Foh ij fd;s x;s R;kx dh ;ksX;rk ds cy ij fujarj fuosnu djrk jgrk gS( ;g ?kks"k.kk djrk gS fd mldh bPNk lc fo’okfl;ksa ij O;kogkfjd :i esa ykxw dh tk;s( muds fo:) lc vkjksiksa dk mRrj nsrk gS( izfrfnu dh mudh nqcZyrk ds ckotwn Hkh] muds fy;s] foosd dh ’kkafr miyC/k djokrk gS ¼izkIr djuk ;k gkfly djuk½] vuqxzg ds flagklu ds lkeus fufHkZd igaqp dks laHko djrk gS] vkSj muds O;fDrRoksa vkSj lsokdk;Z ¼ijes’oj ds fy;s½ dks Lohdkj djrk gSA

blds iwoZ ge ckbcy ds v/;;u dks tkjh j[ksa] ;g crkuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd elhg dk mlds yksxksa ds fy;s fujarj fuosnu djus dk rkRi;Z ;g ugha gS fd og ijes’oj ds vuqxzg ds flagklu ds le{k vius ?kqVuksa ij cSB gekjs fy;s n;k dh ;kkpuk djrk gSA og ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk gh fojkftr gksdj fourh djrk gS] og tks loZK gS vkSj mlds yksxksa dh izR;sd vko’;drk dks tkurk gS] og tks mudh vksj ls cksyus dk laiw.kZ vf/kdkj j[krk gS vkSj og tks muds fo:) izR;sd vkjksi dks fu"Qy djrk gSA ts-vk;- iSdj ¼1926&½] fofy;e ,esl ¼1576&1633½ vkSj ywbZl c[kkZQ ¼1873&1957½ dh vksj ls ;s m)j.k lgk;d gSa%

ts- vk;- iSdj fy[krs gS% ^êlhg }kjk dh tkus okyh e/;LFkrk dk ewyrRo gekjs fgr esa fourh djuk gS ¼mlds flagklu ls½ ctk; gekjh vksj ls vuqu; djus ds ¼fd ekuksa fcuk Lrj ;k vf/kdkj ds mldh n’kk dksbZ lgkuqHkwfr dh n’kk gkss½**23

23 Concise Theology, p.128

gekjk egkefgeu~ lgk;d

181

fofy;e ,esl fy[krs gS% ^^mldh jktlh egk;ktfd;rk gekjs fy;s dh x;h fourh gS] ijarq ;g ?kqVuksa ds cy cSBdj d"V vkSj nhurk ds lkFk dh xbZ vuqu; ugha gS] tSls igys dh tkrh Fkh] ijarq vc tks fourh dh tkrh gS] og efgek ds lkFk mu ckrksa dks fopkj esa j[krs gq, dh tkrh gS tks mlus gekjs fy;s dh vkSj lghA**24

ywbZl c[kkZQ fy[krs gS% ^êlhg Lo;a dks gekjs izfrfuf/k ds :i esa ijes’oj ds le{k izLrqr djrk gSA mldh fl) euq";rk] mldk vkf/kdkfjd O;fDrRo] mldk iw.kZ fd;k x;k dk;Z ijes’oj ds flagklu ds le{k gekjs fy;s fourh djrk gSA ijes’oj dk iq= tks nsg/kkfjr gS] tks dqN mlus i`Foh ij fd;k] og tks orZeku esa gS vkSj tks mlus gekjs fy;s fd;k( rkfd ijes’oj gesa lc izdkj dh dìk tks og gesa nsuk pkgrk gS iznku djsA blfy, mldh mifLFkfr] blfy;s] vius yksxksa dh rjQ ls dh tkus okyh fujarj vkSj izcy ;kpuk gS] tks muds fy;s NqVdkjs ds leLr ykHkksa dks lqjf{kr djrh gSA**25

1- bczkfu;ksa 9%24 elhg dh vius yksxksa ds fy;s fourh djus okyh lsodkbZ dh lkeFkZ vkSj mldh izHkkoksRikndrk ds ckjs esa mYys[k

djrk gSA bl in ds vuqlkj] dSls elhg dh lsodkbZ iqjkuh okpk ds ;ktdksa ls fHkUu gS\ elhg ijes’oj ds fdrus lehi gS\

;g fdl izdkj] mlds yksxksa ds fy;s fd;s x;s] mlds i{k leFkZu dh lkeFkZ dks fl) djrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ak% iqjkus fu;e esa ;ktd o"kZ esa ,d ckj i`Foh ij cus eafnj es tkuojksa dk cfynku ysdj izos’k djrs Fks vkSj yksxksa dh rjQ ls fourh djrs FksA mlus Lo;a dks ,d ckj cfynku djds ges’kk ds fy;s ml cfynku dks iw.kZ fd;k vkSj ;g cfynku vueksy gS] ftlds dkj.k og lh/ks ijes’oj ds flagklu d{k esa izos’k dj x;k vkSj vc gekjh vksj ls ijes’oj ls fourh djrk gSA

24 The Marrow of Theology, p.14825 Systematic Theology, Vol.2, p.593


182

2- 1 ;wgUUkk 2%1&2 ckbcy ds lc egRoiw.kZ inksa esa ls ,d egRoiw.kZ in gS ftlesa elhg }kjk fourh djus okys dk;Z dk o.kZu

gSA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa] vkSj rc fuEufyf[kr okD;ka’kksa

ij vius fopkjksa dks izxV dhft;sA

v- esjs cPpksa] eSa rqEgsa ;s ckrsa blfy, fy[k jgk gwa fd rqe iki u djksA

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fVIif.k;ak%;g rF; fd firk ds lkeus gekjk ,d lgk;d gS gesa ifo=rk ds izfr mRlkgfoghu ;k iki ds izfr ykijokg ugha cukus ik;sA mlds foijhr] elhg us tks egku dk;Z gekjs fy, iqjk fd;k bl dkj.k gesa vkKk ikyu dh izsj.kk feyuh pkfg,A

c- iajrq ;fn dksbZ iki djrk gS rks firk ds ikl gekjk ,d lgk;d gS] vFkkZr ;h’kq elhg tks /kehZ gS(

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fVIif.k;ak% ;g ns[kus esa vkrk gS fd lcls ifjiDo elhgh tu Hkh uSfrd detksjh vkSj iki ds v/khu gSA blfy;s] ;g gekjs fy;s cM+h lkaRouk gS fd firk ds lkeus gekjs fy;s ,d lgk;d gSA ^^lgk;d** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn ijkfDyksVkWl ls vkrk gS] tks ,d ^^lgk;d** dks izxV djrk gS ;k og O;fDr tks nwljksa dh vksj ls cksyrk gSA ;h’kq bl Hkwfedk ds fy;s vrqY; :i esa ;ksX; gS D;ksafd og /kehZ gS vkSj ijes’oj ds lkeus [kM+s gksus ds ;ksX; gSA

d- og Lo;a gekjsa ikiksa dk izk;f’pr gS vkSj gekjk gh ugha oju leLr lalkj ds ikiksa dk HkhA

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gekjk egkefgeu~ lgk;d

183

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fVIif.k;ak% ^îzk;f’pr** ’kCn ;wukuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn fgykWlekWl ls fudyk gS] tks dzks/k dks ’kkar djuk ;k larq"V djus dks izxV djrk gS( ;g ml cfynku dks izxV djrk gS tks ,d Øks/kh i{k dks ’kkar djus ds fy;s fn;k tkrk gSA elhg gekjk izk;f’pr gS fd mlus iki ds eksy dks pqdkus ds fy;s gekjs LFkku ij vius thou dk cfynku fn;kA mlds cfynku us] gekjs fo:) ijes’oj ds U;k; dh ekaxksa dks larq"V fd;k vkSj mlds dzks/k dks ’kkar fd;kA Eklhg dk cfynku ;gwfn;ksa rd ;k dksbZ nwljs lewg ds yksxksa rd gh lhfer ugha Fkk] ijarq og izR;sd tkfr vkSj Hkk"kk] yksx vkSj jk"Vª ds fy;s lqjf{kr gS ¼izdkf’krokD; 5%9½A

3- jksfe;ksa 8%33&34 esa] gesa nwljk egRoiw.kZ va’k feyrk gS tks elhg ds fourh djus okyh lsodkbZ ls laacaf/kr gSA bl in ds

vuqlkj] elhg }kjk cpk;s tkus okys dk;Z vkSj fourh djus okyh lsodkbZ dk D;k ifj.kke gS\

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fVIif.k;ak% ^îjes’oj ds pquksa ds fo:) dkSu nks"k yxk;sxk\** vkSj ^^dkSu gS tks nks"kh Bgjkrk gS\** ;s iz’u ,d gh gS vkSj leku gSaA ;s ,sls iz’u gSa ekuksa ijes’oj bl txr ds gjsd tu dks pqukSrh tkjh dj jgk gks] ftlesa ’kSrku Lo;a lfEefyr gSA D;ksa ijes’oj ds yksxksa ds fo:) dksbZ vkjksi ;k nks"k ugha yxk;k tk ldrk] bldk dkj.k f}Lrjh; gSA izFke] ijes’oj us vius yksxksa dks /kehZ Bgjk;k gS ;k vius lkeus mUgsa ,d iw.kZ oS/kkfud LFkku iznku fd;k gSA ;g elhg ds fl) thou }kjk iw.kZ fd;k x;k] tks thou mlus i`Foh ij fcrk;k vkSj vius yksxksa ds LFkku ij og ej x;kA nwljk] elhg vc] vius yksxksa ds fy;s fourh djus okys vkSj mUgsa cpkus okys ds :i esa ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk fojkteku gSA


184

4- bczkfu;ksa 7%23&25 ds vuqlkj] ys[kd u dsoy elhg dh fourh djus okyh lsodkbZ dh lkeFkZ vkSj izHkkoksRikndrk ds ckjs esa

o.kZu djrk gS ijarq ml lsodkbZ ds LFkkbZRo ds fy;s Hkh dgrk gSA vius ’kCnksa esa bl in dks la{ksi esa fyf[k;sA

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fVIif.k;ak% bl in ls gesa FkksM+h O;k[;k izkIr gksrh gSA elhg ds varghu thou dh lkeFkZ }kjk] og mu yksxksa dks lnkdky ds fy;s cpkus esa leFkZ gS tks mlds }kjk ijes’oj ds lehi vkrs gSaA /keZlq/kkjd Qzkafll VÓqjsVhu us fy[kk Fkk fd elhg LoxZ esa ,d esEus ds leku izxV gksrk gS ^êkjs x;s esEus ds :i esa** ¼izdkf’krokD; 5%6½ D;ksafd ^^mldk jDr fueZy vkSj thfor gS&’kk’or ewY; vkSj izHkkoksRikndrk ds lkFkA**26

5- ;|fi ckbcy elhg }kjk ijes’oj ds flagklu ds lkeus] LofxZd fourh djus dh mfpr izd`fr dks izxV ugha djrh gSA ijarq

mldh ^êgk;ktdh; izkFkZuk** esa dqN lw= feyrs gS fd mlus bl txr dh lsodkbZ ds nkSjku vius psyksa ds fy;s izkFkZuk dh

Fkh ¼;wgUuk 17%1&26½A elhg us vius yksxksa ds fy;s izkFkZuk esa tks ;kpuk;sa dh mldh lwph fuEukuqlkj gSA izR;sd ;kfpdk dk

mlds lekarj in ls feykb;sA

______________ ;wgUuk 17%11&12 v- elhg vius yksxksa ds Hkfo"; esa efgekeafMr gksus ds fy;s fourh djrk gS

______________ ;wgUuk 17%13 c- elhg vius yksxksa dh ,drk ds fy;s fourh djrk gSA

______________ ;wgUuk 17%15 d- elhg vius yksxksa ds ifo=hdj.k ds fy;s izkFkZuk djrk gSA

______________ ;wgUuk 17%17 M- elhg vius yksxksa dh ’kSrkuh rkdrksa ls lqj{kk ds fy;s fourh djrk gS if<+, ¼ywdk 22%32½A

______________ ;wgUuk 17%21&23 b- elhg vius yksxksa dh vVyrk ds fy;s fourh djrk gSA

______________ ;wgUuk 17%24 bZ- elhg vius yksxksa ds vkuUn ds fy, fcurh djrk gSA

26 Institutes of Elenctic Theology, Vol.2, p.485

185


v/;k; 31% elhg jktk gS

ckbcy fl[kkrh gS fd ijes’oj ds iq= us Lo;a dks mldh LofxZd efgek vkSj lkjs vf/kdkjksa ls fjDr fd;k] gekjh fuEu euq";rk dks /kkj.k fd;k vkSj fuankRed :i esa iki dk cfynku cudj jkseh dzwl ij p<+k;k x;kA ckbcy ;g Hkh fl[kkrh gS fd ;gh ;h’kq eqjnksa esa ls thfor fd;k x;k vkSj LoxZ es mij mBk;k x;k ,oa jktkvksa dk jktk o izHkqvksa dk izHkq cudj ijes’oj ds ml flagklu ij xkSjokafor gqvkA

LoxZ ij mBk, tkus ds i’pkr] elhg ml efgek ls lEekfur fd;k x;k tks efgek txr dh uhao iM+us ls iwoZ mldh firk ds lkFk Fkh ¼;wgUuk 17%5½A fQj Hkh] nsg/kkj.k ds iwoZ mldh voLFkk vkSj orZeku esa mldh xkSjokfUor voLFkk ds e/; esa egRoiw.kZ varj gSaA lcls igys] elhg vc ijes’oj euq"; ds :i esa jkT; djrk gSA og tks txr ds flagklu ij cSBrk gS og vius yksxksa dh nsgksa esa ls ,d nsg gS vkSj mudh gM~Mh esa ls ,d gM~Mh ds leku gSA nwljs LFkku ij] elhg vc eqfDrnkrk jktk ds :i esa jkT; djrk gSA mldh e`R;q ds }kjk] mlus Lo;a ds fy;s gj tkfr] Hkk"kk] dqy vkSj jk"Vª dks eqfDr iznku dh gS vkSj os lnk lnk ds fy;s mlds lkFk jkT; djsaxs ¼izdkf’krokD; 5%9&11½A

;h'kq elhg jktk gS

izkjaHk ls ;g le>uk egRoiw.kZ gS fd elhg ek= dbZ jktkvksa es ls ,d jktk ;k jktk ds leku ugha gS( ijarq og ,dek= jktk ¼lezkV½ gS! okLro esa] og ,dek= vHkh rd dk lPpk jktk gqvk gS! vU; lHkh jktk ftUgksaus jkT; fd;k ;k djsaxs dsoy mlds O;fDrRo vkSj dk;Z dh /kqa/kyh ijNkbZ;ka gSaA

1- ;g iqjkus fu;e dh vusd Hkfo";okf.k;ka gS ftUgksaus iwoZ ?kks"k.kk dj nh Fkh fd elhgk ,d egku jktk gksxk tks jk"Vªksa ij jkT;

djsxkA fuEufyf[kr Hkfo";okf.k;ksa ij vius fopkj fyf[k;sA

v- mRifRr 49%10

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186

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fVIif.k;ka% jktk nkmn vkSj mlds ckn vkus okys jktk ;gwnk oa’k ds FksA elhgk dks blh oa’k ls mRiUu gksuk Fkk ¼2 ’kew,y 7%12&17½A uktjFk dk ;h’kq nkmn dk oa’kt Fkk ¼eRrh 1%1] 6( jksfe;ksa 1%3½A bczkuh ’kCn f'kyksg ,u,,lch laLdj.k esa lk/kkj.kr% izfrfyfi gSA vf/kdrj fo}ku bls bl rjg vuqokfnr djrs gSa ^^tc rd og laca) LFkku rd u igqaps** vkSj os bls elhgk ds lanHkZ esa iz;qDr djrs gSa] og egku jktk] fd nkÅn Hkh dsoy ftldh ijNkbZ ;k izfrNk;k ek= FkkA

c- fxurh 24%17&18A

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fVIif.k;ka% ckyke dh vafre Hkfo";}k.kh esa] ijes’oj us mls lqnwj Hkfo"; esa elhgk ds mn; gksus ds fo"k; ds izdk’ku fn;k FkkA og u dsoy eksvkc vkSj ,snkse ij thr gkfly djsxk] ijarq leLr jk"Vªksa ij jkT; djsxkA

d- ehdk 5%2

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fVIif.k;ka% Hkfo";oDrk ehdk us ,d elhgkbZ ^^’kkld** dh Hkfo";ok.kh dh Fkh] tks jktk nkÅn ds ’kgj esa mRiUu gksxk ¼1 ’kew,y 16%1&13½A fdUrq] elhgk nkÅn ls Hkh c<+dj gksxkA nkÅn ds oa’k ls mRiUu gksus ds ckotqn] og ijes’oj Hkh gksxk] ftldk vkuk vukfndky vfHkO;Dr gSA

elhg jktk gS

187

2- 2 ’kew,y 7%16 esa] ,d cgqr fo’ks"k izfrKk nkÅn vkSj mlds ?kjkus dks ¼vFkkZr mlds oa’ktksa dks½ mlds jkT; ds LFkkfir gksus

vkSj mlds /kS;Z iw.kZ LFkkf;Ro ds fy;s nh x;h gSA ywdk 1%31&33 esa] ;g Li"V gS fd ;g izfrKk ;h’kq elhg ds }kjk iw.kZ gqbZA

nksuksa inksa dks if<+;s( vkSj Li"V djs fd dSls ;h’kq elhg nkÅn ls dh x;h izfrKk dh iwfrZ gSA

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3- iqjkus vkSj u;s fu;e nksuksa ds ys[kdksa us uktjFk ds ;h’kq ds jktk gksus ds lanHkZ esa mYys[k fd;k gSA fQj Hkh] ;g iwNuk egRoiw.kZ

gksxk fd Lo;a ;h’kq us bl lac/k esa D;k fl[kk;k Fkk\ mlus ihykrql dks ;wgUuk 18%37 esa D;k dgk Fkk\ mlds ’kCnksa dk D;k

egRo gS\

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4- ckbcy esa] ,d uke ;k inoh vDlj ,d O;fDr ds ckjs esa egRoiw.kZ lR;ksa dks izxV djrh gSA fuEufyf[kr va’kksa esa] ;h’kq elhg

dks dkSu ls uke vkSj ’kh"kZd fn;s x;s gSa] vkSj os mlds jktkf/kdkj ds fo"k; esa D;k izxV djrs gSa\

v- ;gw______________ dk jk______________ ¼eRrh 2%2½A ;h’kq] ;gwnk tkfr ds jktk nkÅn dk oa’kt FkkA ;|fi og vf/kdka’k ;gwfn;ksa ds }kjk vLohdkj dj fn;k x;k] og vHkh Hkh ijes’oj }kjk fu;qDr btjk;y dk jktk gS ¼Hktu lafgrk 2%6( ;wgUuk 1%49½A


188

c- eSa mls t______________ ds lc jk______________ dk iz______________ cukÅaxk ¼Hktu lafgrk 89%27½A elhgk dk jktlh U;k;kf/kdkj {ks= blzk,y jk"Vª rd gh lhfer ugha gS ijarq bl i`Foh ij izR;sd jk"Vª vkSj mlds mij dh lkjh lkeFkZ dks ?ksjs j[krk gSA

d- vkSj i`______________ ds jk______________dk ’kk______________ ¼izdkf’krokD; 1%5½A i`Foh ds egkure jktk mi jkT;kf/kdkjh gSaA os dsoy bl vf/kdkj dk vH;kl elhg }kjk mUgsa lkSais tkus ij gh djrs gSaA

M- jktk ______________ dk jk______________ ¼izdkf’krokD; 17%14( 19%16½A leLr l`f"V mldh iz/kkurkvksa ij elhg dh loZJs"Brk dks le>kus ds fy;s bl inoh ls c<+dj dksbZ inoh ugha gSA

elhg dk jkT;kfHk"ksd

^^jkT;kfHk"ksd** ’kCn ySfVu fdz;k dksjksusj ls fudyrk gS] vFkkZr] ^êqdqV ;k iq"igkj ls foHkwf"kr djukA** ckbcy ds vuqlkj] elhg tks mlds yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy;s ej x;k] eqjnksa esa ls thfor fd;k x;k vkSj ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk fojkftr gqvkA og LoxZ vkSj i`Foh ds egku jktk ds in ij vfHkf"kDr gqvk vkSj mldk izHkqRo lHkksa ij jkT; djrk gSA

1- izR;{k ;h’kq dks LoxkZjksfgr gqvk ns[k] izsfjr bl lR; dks lquus okyksa ds lkeus] crkus esa fufHkZd FksA izsfjrksa ds dke 2%36 esa ,d

cgqr egRoiw.kZ dFku irjl us fn;kA elhg ds vf/kdkj ds fo"k; esa ;g gedksa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% fo’o dk loZ’kfDr’kkyh ijes’oj us uktjFk ds ;h’kq dks izHkq vkSj elhg nksuksa gksus ds fy;s fu;qDr fd;kA mlds fu.kZ; cnys ugha tk ldrs ¼Hktulafgrk 2%1&6½A ;h’kq btjk;y dk elhgk gS vkSj og leLr :i esa izHkq gSaA

elhg jktk gS

189

2- Hktulafgrk 110%1 esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkfo";ok.kh] elhgk ds ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk] izHkq vkSj jktk ds :i esa fojkftr gksus ds

laca/k esa ik;h tkrh gSA27 bl in ij lko/kkuhiwoZd /;ku nhft;s vkSj rc vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

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fVIif.k;ka% ijes’oj ¼;kgos½ us nkÅn ds izHkq ¼elhg½ ls dgk vkSj mls mlds nkfgus vksj cSBus dks dgk vkSj mls vius vf/kdkj dk mRrjkf/kdkjh cuk;kA jktk nkÅn ds Åij ;g elhgk dh u dsoy laizHkwrk dks iznf’kZr djrk gS] ijarq ;g LoxZ vkSj i`Foh esa mldh xkSjokafor voLFkk dk Hkh izek.k gSA blds lkFk gh] ;g elhg ,oa mlds yksxksa dk fojks/k djus okyh lc rkdrksa ij izeq[k fot; dk Hkh vk’oklu nsrk gSA

3- ckbcy esa nkfu;y 7%13&14 ds vanj gedks elhg ds jktk ds :i esa xkSjokafor gksus dk lcls efgeknk;d o.kZu fey ldrk

gSA bl in dks vusd ckj if<+;s tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa] rc fuEufyf[kr Hkkxksa ij vius

fopkjksa dks izxV dhft;sA

v- eSaus n’kZu esa jkr dks ns[kk fd euq"; ds iq= ds leku dksbZ vkdk’k ds cknyksa ds lkFk vk jgk Fkk] vkSj og vukfndky ds izkphu rd igqapk vkSj og mlds lEeq[k yk;k x;k ¼in 13½A

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27 See Jesus’ explanation of this text in Matthew 22:41-45.


190

fVIif.k;ka% ;h’kq euq"; dk iq= gS ¼eRrh 26%64( ejdql 14%62½A tc ^îzkphu** ’kCn euq"; ds Åij ykxw fd;k tkrk gS] rc bldk vFkZ ttZj] nqcZyrk vkSj f’kfFkyrk dks izxV djrk gSA iajrq] tc ;g in ijes’oj ij ykxw fd;k tkrk gS] rc ;g vuarrk] fon~oRrk vkSj lkeFkZ dks izxV djrk gSA

c- vkSj mldks izHkqrk] efgek vkSj jkT; fn, x, ftlls ns’k ns’k vkSj tkfr tkfr ds fHkUu fHkUu Hkk"kk cksyus okys mlds yksx mldh lsok djs ¼in 14½ A

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fVIif.k;ka% ;gka ge elhg dh laizHkwrk dk izlkj ns[krs gSaA ,d ’kCn dks nwljs ’kCn ds Åij laxzfgr dj fn;k x;k gS ftlls ;g vFkZ fudyrk gS] elhg dks lc yksxksa ds Åij lkjh lkeFkZ nh x;h gSA

d- mldk izHkqRo lukrudky rd vVy gS vkSj mldk jkT; vfouk’kh jgsxk ¼in 14½A

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fVIif.k;ka% ;gka ge elhg dh lukru laizHkwrk ds ckjs esa i<+rs gSaA cschyksu ds jktk ucwdnusLlj us tks vlhfer laizHkwrk dk Js; ijeiz/kku ijes’oj dks fn;k ¼nkfu;sy 4%34&35½] ogh Js; vc euq"; ds iq= ukljFk ds ;h’kq dks fn;k x;k gSA mRifRr 41%44 esa ,slk gh ,d jkspd lekukarj mYys[k feyrk gS] tc fQjkSu ;qlqQ dks xkSjokafor in ij lq’kksfHkr djrk gSA ;qlqQ dks dSn[kkus ls fudkydj fQjkSu ds nkfgus gkFk cSBk;k tkrk gS] rkfd felz ds laiw.kZ ns’k esa dksbZ Hkh viuk gkFk ;k iSj fcuk mldh vuqefr ds fgyk u ldsA mlh rjhds ls] fdarq ,d vlhfer o`gn :i esa] ;h’kq eqjnksa esa ls ftyk;k x;k vkSj LoxZ esa ijes’oj ds nkfguh vksj fojkteku gqvk] rkfd iwjs fo’o esa fcuk mldh vuqefr ds dksbZ Hkh viuk gkFk ;k iSj fgyk u lds!

191


v/;k; 32% Eklhg izHkq gS

Eklhg ds jktin vkSj mldh laizHkwrk ds fcp lh/kk laca/k gSaA og ek= ,d iqryh ugha gS( mldh izHkqrk iw.kZ:is.k mlds vf/kdkj] vlhfer lkeFkZ vkSj vuar foLrkj esa fufgr gSA dksbZ LFkku ;k izk.kh] mldh jktdh; lRrk dh igqap ds ckgj ugha gSA tSls irjl isarqdqLr ds fnu fufHkZdrk ds lkFk dgrk gS] ^^______________btjk;y dk laiw.kZ ?kjkuk fu’p; tku ys fd ijes’oj us mls izHkq vkSj elhg nksuksa gh Bgjk;k & blh ;h’kq dks ftls rqeus dzwl ij p<+k;k** ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 2%36½A ,d fnu] izR;sd ?kqVuk >qdsxk] gj tcku vaxhdkj djsxh fd ;h’kq elhg gh izHkq gS!

1- ckbcy esa] ,d uke ;k inoh vDlj fdlh O;fDr ds ckjs esa egRoiw.kZ lR;ksa dks izxV djrk gSA fuEu inksa esa ;h’kq elhg dks

dkSu lh info;ka nh x;h gSa] vkSj os mldh laizHkwrk ;k izHkqrk ds fo"k; esa D;k crkrs gSa\

v- iz______________ ¼;wgUUkk 13%13( izsfjrksa ds dke 2%36( jksfe;ksa 10%9( 2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 4%5½A ;g ;wukuh ’kCn dq:;kWl ls fudyrk gS] tks ,d vkf/kdkfjd O;fDr dks crkrk gS] tSls izeq[k] Lokeh] ;k ,d ekfydA ;g vDlj lEeku dh mikf/k] tSls êgk’k;** ds cjkcj iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA ckbcy esa] bl ’kCn dk iz;ksx bl bczkuh fopkj dks le>kus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS fd ijes’oj gh izHkq gSA ;g rks vDlj ijes’oj ds O;fDrxr uke dks Hkh vuqokfnr djus ds fy;s iz;qDr fd;k tkrk Fkk% ;kgos ¼;k tsgksok½ ¼eRrh 1%22( 5%33( ejdql 5%19( ywdk 1%6] 9] 28] 46( izsfjrksa ds dke 7%33½A

c- og l______________dk iz______________ gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 10%36( jksfe;ksa 10%12½A ;g inoh elhg dh laizHkwrk dk la;qDr LoHkko izxV djrh gS ______________ mlds jkT; ls ijs dqN Hkh ugha gSA

d- og iz______________dk iz______________ gS ¼izdkf’krokD; 17%14( 19%16½A euq";ksa] LoxZnwrksa] vkSj nq"VkRek esa egkure Hkh elhg ds v/khu gSaA og leLr jkT;] vf/kdkj] lkeFkZ vkSj lkezkT; ls Åij fojkteku gS ¼bfQfl;ksa 1%20&21½A

M- efg______________ ds iz______________ ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 2%8½A vU;=] ijes’oj ^êfgek dk jktk** ¼Hktu lafgrk 24%7&10½ vkSj ^êfgek dk ijes’oj** ¼Hktu lafgrk 29%3( izsfjrksa ds dke 7%2½ dgykrk gSA ;g inoh u dsoy elhg dh laizHkwrk ijarq mlds ijes’ojRo dks Hkh n’kkZrh gSA


192

b- e`______________ vkSj th______________ nksuksa dk iz______________ gks ¼jksfe;ksa 14%9½A tks lR; ;gka izxV fd;k x;k gS og ;g n’kkZrk gS fd elhg ds vf/kdkj ls ijs dksbZ jkT; ;k {ks= ugha gSA e`R;q] mlds jkT; ls cpus dk dksbZ lk/ku ugha gSA

bZ- ogh lc iz/kk______________ vkSj vf/k______________ dk f’kjksef.k gS ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 2%10½A^^f’kjksef.k** ’kCn ;wukuh ’kCn dSQys ls fudyk gS] tks ,d nSfgd flj dks izxV djrk gSA yk{kf.kd :i ls iz;ksx djrs gq,] ;g mldh vksj ladsr nsrk gS tks iz/kku gS] izeq[k gS] vxqok gS] vkSj ,slk tu ftlds lc v/khu gksA ^^’kklu** vkSj ^^vf/kdkj** bu nks ’kCnksa ds iz;ksx ls] ikSyql y{; djrs gq, cy ns jgk gS fd gj izdkj dh iz/kkurk elhg ds v/khu gSA

m- Lok______________ vkSj iz______________ ¼;gwnk 4½A ^^Lokeh** dh inoh ;wukuh ’kCn MsLiksVsl ls fudyh gS] ftlls ge ^^MsliksV** ’kCn izkIr djrs gSaA ;g in ml O;fDr ds ckjs esa izxV djrk gS tks iw.kZ ;k ije lkeFkZ o vf/kdkj fdlh nwljs ij j[krs gksaA ;g ijes’oj ds fo"k; esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS ywdk 2%29] izsfjrksa ds dke 4%24] vkSj izdkf’krokD; 6%10A

2- eRrh 28%18 esa] iqu:fRFkr elhg us mlds psyksa dks LoxkZjksg.k ls Bhd igys ,d egRoiw.kZ dFku dgkA mldk dFku mlds

jkT; ds fo"k; esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\ bldk vk’k; D;k gS\

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3- elhg dh laizHkwrk ds foLrkj dks le>us ds iz;kl esa tSlk eRrh 28%18 esa ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS] dqN inksa ij fopkj djuk

mi;ksxh gS] os in] tks ijes’oj dh iw.kZ ije lRrk ds fo"k; esa dgrs gSaA fuEu inksa ds izdk’k esa] laf{kIr esa o.kZu dhft;s fd

firk us mlds iq= dks leLr vf/kdkj lkSai fn;s] ls D;k rkRi;Z gSA iq= dh ije lRrk vkSj lkeFkZ dk foLrkj D;k gS\

v- 2 bfrgkl 20%6

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Eklhg izHkq gS

193

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fVIif.k;ka% iz’u vkyadkfjd gSaA jktk ;gks’kkikr] leLr txr ij ijes’oj dh vlhe ije lRRkk ij la’k; ugha djrk gS( blds ctk;] og bldh ?kks"k.kk djrk gSA

c- v¸;wc 23%13

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fVIif.k;ka% okD;ka’k] ^ôg rks vfa}rh; gS** ;Fkk’kCn bldk vFkZ gS] ^ôg ,d gSA** ;g ijes’oj ds vuwBsiu ;k lPpkbZ dks izxV djrk gS fd og vfMx gS ;k vifjorZu’khy gSA fdlh Hkh ekeys esa] ;g Li"V gS fd dksbZ Hkh ijes’oj dks mlds mn~ns’; fiNs ugha fQjk ldrkA

d- Hktu- 103%19

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M- Hktu- 115%3( 135%6

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194

b- ;’kk- 46%9&10( bfQ- 1%11

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4- u;s fu;e ds ys[kd elhg ds loksZPp vkSj lkoZHkkSfed xkSjokafor in ds ckjs esa Li"V gSaA mldh ije lRrk ds foLrkj ds fo"k;

esa ;s fuEufyf[kr in D;k crkrs gSa\

v- bfQfl;ksa 1%20&22( 1 irjl 3%22

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fVIif.k;ka% iqu% izsfjr ikSyql vkSj irjl ;g izxV djus ds iz;kl esa fd izR;sd {ks= dk gj izk.kh elhg dh izHkqrk ds v/khu gS] ,d in ds Åij nwljk in laxzfgr dj nsrk gSA

c- fQfy- 2%9&11

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5- Hktu 2 esa] gesa laiw.kZ ckbcy dh HkO; Hkfo";okf.k;ksa esa ls ,d i<+us dks feyrh gS tks elhgk ds jktlh dk;Z ls lacaf/kr gSA

Hktu ds izR;sd Hkkx ij vius fopkj fyf[k;sA elhg dh ije lRrk ds fo"k; esa ;g Hkfo";ok.kh D;k fl[kkrh gS\ ;g euq";

dh ml cM+h vko’;drk ds izfr mfpr izfrfdz;k nsus ds ckjs esa D;k fl[kkrh gS\

Eklhg izHkq gS

195

v- in 1&3

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fVIif.k;ka% ;gka Hktudkj] ijes’oj ds ije jkT; vkSj tks jktk mlus pquk gS] mlds fo:) jk"Vªksa ds fojks/k o mudh fueZe ’k=qrk dk fp=.k djrk gSA

c- in 4&6

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fVIif.k;ka% jk"Vªksa dk fojks/k ijes’oj ds vizfrcaf/kr vf/kdkj vkSj vuar lkeFkZ ds izdk’k esa O;FkZ gSA

d- in 7&9

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fVIif.k;ka% in 7 elhg ds ’kk’or vfLrRo dk badkj ugha gS( blds ctk;] elhgkbZ jktk ds :i esa mlds jkT;kfHk"ksd fnol dk lanHkZ gSA


196

M- in 10&12

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6- jksfe;ksa 14%7&9 ;h’kq elhg dh izHkqrk ds laca/k esa ,d vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ va’k gSA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s tc rd fd vki

bldh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa vkSj rc fuEufyf[kr iz’uksa ds mRrj nhft;sA

v- in 9 ds vuqlkj] elhg dh e`R;q vkSj iqu:RFkku dk ,d cM+k mn~ns’; D;k gS\

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c- in 7&8 ds vuqlkj] elhg dh izHkqrk dk fo’oklh ds fy;s D;k vFkZ gS\

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197


v/;k; 33% elhg U;k;h gS

ge lh[k pqds gS fd ckbcy fufHkZdrk ds lkFk ?kksf"kr djrh gS fd ;h’kq elhg jktkvksa dk jktk gS vkSj dsoy mlh ds uke ds }kjk euq"; cpk;k tk ldrk gSA bl v?;k; esa] ge ns[ksaxs fd ckbcy vkxs fl[kkrh gS fd elhg lc euq";ksa dk U;k;h cudj] ijes’oj ds nkfgus gkFk fojkftr gSA ;|fi] jktk dh Hkwfedk esa] mldk ;g dk;Z foLrkj ekuk tk ldrk gS] ckbcy esa ;g bruk izeq[k :i ls mYysf[kr gS fd bl ij lp esa vyx ls fopkj djuk pkfg;sA ,d fnu vk jgk gS tc leLr ekuo tkfr dk fcuk fdlh viokn ds U;k; fd;k tk,xk( vkSj mudh ’kk’or fu;fr dsoy ,d gh euq";] tks ;h’kq elhg] ds }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh tk;sxhA bl lR; ls ijs lqlekpkj dks le>k ugha tk ldrkA

Eklhg dk U;k; vkSj lqlekpkj

;g le>uk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gS fd U;k; dk fl)kar lewps lPps lqlekpkj dk ,d vko’;d Hkkx gSA ckbcy ds izfr lPps gksus ds fy;s] gesa ;g ?kksf"kr djuk vko’;d gS ogh elhg tks mlds yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy;s ejus vk;k] og nwljh ckj U;k; djus vkSj ftUgksaus mlds m)kj ds dk;Z ls badkj dj fn;k gS] mUgsa nks"kh Bgjkus vo’; vk;sxkA

1- elhg ds ykSVus dh lPpkbZ vkSj lc euq";ksa dk mlds }kjk U;k; fdlh Hkh :i esa de egRo dk ugha gS( ;g lqlekpkj ds

fdlh Hkh lPps dFku dk ,d vko’;d Hkkx gSA dSls ikSyql ds ’kCn jksfe;ksa 2%16 esa bl lR; dh iqf"V djrs gSa\

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198

2- ckbcy bls Li"V djrh gS fd elhg dk U;k;k/kh’k ds :i esa r; gksuk vkSj vkxs vkus okys U;k; dh iqf"V lPps lqlekpkj

izpkj esa oSdfYid ugha gS & os iw.kZ :i ls fu.kkZ;d gSA irjl dk dFku] izsfjrksa ds dke 10%42 esa bl lR; ds fo"k; esa D;k

fl[kkrk gS\

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ijes'oj }kjk fu;qDr U;k;k/kh'k

;g le>uk egRoiw.kZ gS fd elhg us nSfod fu;kstu ls elhg dk dk;Z Lohdkj fd;k gSA blesa firk dk Hkyk vfHkizk; vkSj laizHkw ladYi Fkk fd lalkj dk mlds iq= ;h’kq elhg ds }kjk fl) /kkfeZdrk esa U;k; fd;k tk,A ;g ,d vkSj mnkgj.k gS fd fdl izdkj ijes’oj us ges’kk gh txr vkSj Loa; ls vius iq= dh e/;LFkrk ds }kjk laca/k cuk, j[kk & firk us txr dks iq= ds }kjk jpk] og iq= ds }kjk lalkj ij jkT; djrk gS] vkSj ,d fnu leLr txr dk U;k; iq= ds }kjk djsxkA

1- dSls izsfjr ikSyql izHkq ;h’kq elhg dk 2 freqfFk;ql 4%1 esa o.kZu djrk gS\ mlds bl dFku ds egRo ij vius fopkj O;Dr

djksA

v- tks th______________vkSj e`______________dk U;k______________ djsxkA

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elhg U;k;h gS

199

fVIif.k;ka% okD;ka’k ^^thforksa vkSj e`rdksa** leLr ekuo tkfr dh x.kuk djrk gSA tSls elhg thorksa vkSj e`rdksa nksuksa dk izHkq gS ¼jksfe;ksa 14%9½] vkSj og mudk U;k;h Hkh gSA ;gka rd fd e`R;q Hkh mldh ije lRrk ;k mldh naMkKk ls cpk ugha ldrhA

2- tSlk ifgys gh crk fn;k x;k gS] ijes’oj firk us r; dj fy;k gS fd og lalkj dk U;k; /kkfeZdrk ds vk/kkj ij vius iq=

;h’kq elhg ds }kjk djsaxsA ;wgUuk 5%22&27 bl lR; ds ckjs esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\ bl in dks if<+;s vkSj vius fopkjksa dks

fyf[k;sA

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fVIif.k;ka% ;h’kq badkj ugha dj jgk gS fd firk U;k; djrk gS( og Li"V dj jgk gS fd firk ,slk vius iq= ds }kjk djrk gS ¼jksfe;ksa 2%16½A firk us iq= dks leLr ekuo tkfr dk U;k; djus dh lkeFkZ o vf/kdkj iznku fd;k gSA iq= dks bruk cM+k lEEkku iznku fd;k tkuk mlds ijes’ojRo dk izzxVhdj.k gS vkSj gekjs fy;s ,d dkj.k gS fd ge iq= dks mldk ;Fkksfpr xkSjo nsus esa lko/kku jgsaA in 23 ds vuqlkj] u dsoy firk vius iq= ds ek/;e ls U;k; djrk gS] ijarq ekuo tkfr Hkh ijes’oj dk lEeku] iq= ds lEeku djus ds }kjk djrh gS] ftls mlus U;k;k/kh’k fu;qDr fd;k gSA nkfu;sy 7%13&14 esa] bl ckr dh Hkfo";ok.kh dh x;h Fkh fd euq"; ds iq= ¼elhgk dk in½ dks lkezkT;] efgek vkSj ,d jkT; iznku fd;k tk;sxk & lc yksx] jk"Vª vkSj gj Hkk"kk cksyus okys mldh vkjk/kuk djsaxsA mldk lkezkT; vuar lkezkT; dgyk;sxk vkSj og u dHkh lekIr gksxk u u"V fd;k tk ldsxkA ;h’kq elhg ogh euq"; dk iq= gSA

3- elhg dh lc euq";ksa ds U;k;h gksus ds lac/k esa bZ’ojh; fu;qfDr dk mYys[k djrs gq, ,d nwljk l’kDr va’k] izsfjrksa 17%31 esa

gesa feyrk gSA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa] vkSj rc vius fopkjksa

dks fyf[k;sA


200

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fVIif.k;ka% ijes’oj us viuh laizHkwrk ls leLr ekuo tkfr ds fy;s U;k; dk ,d fnu LFkkfir fd;k gS] vkSj ekuo bfrgkl bldh vksj rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA ;g U;k; euekuk ;k vU;k;iw.kZ ugha gksxk] iajrq fl) U;k; }kjk fpfUgr fd;k tk;sxkA ijes’oj us u dsoy ,d fnu U;k; dk Bgjk;k gS] ijarq mlus og euq"; Hkh Bgjk;k gS ftlds }kjk og U;k; djsxkA og euq"; mldk iq= gS ¼izsfjrksa ds dke dks Hkh if<+;s½sA ukljFk ds ;h’kq dk iqu:RFkku vkSj LoxkZjksg.k bl ckr dk izek.k gS vkSj ;g fl) djrk gS fd ogh elhg gS] ijes’oj dk iq=] loksZPp izHkq vkSj leLr l`f"V dk U;k;h gSA

/kehZ vkSj loZK U;k;h

mldk U;k; =qfVjfgr jgs] blfy;s ijes’oj dks fl) :i esa /kehZ gksuk vo’; gS ¼FkksM+h lh Hkh uSfrd =qfV u gks½ vkSj og loZK ¼izR;sd rF; ds ckjs esa laiw.kZ Kku½ gksA

^^/kehZ** ’kCn bczkuh Hkk"kk ds ’kCn lkfnd ls vuqokfnr gS vkSj mlds rnuq:i fn[k;kWl ’kCn feyrk gSA nksuks in /kkfeZdrk] fo’kq)rk vkSj ijes’oj dh uSfrd mRd`"Vrk ls lacaf/kr gSA bu inksa ds vuqlkj] ijes’oj ,d ije /kehZ O;fDrRo gS vkSj ges’kk bl rjg dk;Z djrk gS tks mldh izd`fr ls iwjh rjg esy [kkrk gSA og dHkh Hkh ,slk dqN ugha djsxk tks mlds Åij xyr U;k; djus dk nks"k yxsA ml fnu tc ijes’oj vius iq= ds }kjk leLr euq";ksa dk U;k; djsxk] rks nks"kh tu Hkh muds flj >qdk ysaxs vkSj ;g dgsaxs fd mldk U;k; mfpr gS!

^^loZKkuh** ’kCn ySfVu Hkk"kk ds ’kCn vksfeuhfl;al ¼vkseuhl ¾ lc $fLd;al] fLdjs ls fudyk gS ¾ tkuuk½s vkSj lc izdkj ds Kku gksus ds xq.k dks izxV djrk gSA ijes’oj dks lc ckrksa ds Hkwr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; dk fl) Kku gS( vkSj og ,dk,d bl Kku dk LokfeRo fcuk ;Ru ds] ,d gh ckj es vkSj O;kid :i esa j[krk gSA mlls dqN ugha fNik gSA mlds Kku vkSj tks og okLro esa gS] mlds chp esa FkksM+k lk Hkh varj ugha gSA og u dsoy lc rF; tkurk gS] iajrq izR;sd rF; dks iw.kZ fo}rk ds lkFk izxV Hkh djrk gSA U;k; ds ml egku fnu elhg lc rF;ksa ds vius fl) Kku vuqlkj

elhg U;k;h gS

201

izR;sd euq"; dk U;k; djsxk & dksbZ iki fNik ugha gksxk ;k Hkqyk;k ugha tk;sxkA izR;sd izk.kh] izR;sd dk;Z vkSj izR;sd fopkj lnSo mlds lkeus ,d [kqyh fdrkc gSA

1- ckbcy esa uke dk cM+k egRo gS fd og uke/kkjd ds O;fDrRo ds ckjs esa dqN crkrk gSA izHkq ;h’kq elhg dks fuEu inksa esa D;k

uke fn;s x;s gSa\ elhg ds U;k; dh /kkfeZdrk ds ckjs esa ;s uke D;k crkrs gSa\

v- i______________ vkSj /k______________ ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 3%14½

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c- /kkfeZ______________ U;k______________ ¼2 rheqfFk;ql 4%8½

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2- izsfjrksa ds dke 17%31 esa ijes’oj ds iq= ;h’kq elhg ds }kjk U;k; dh izd`fr ds laca/k esa ,d egRoiw.kZ izfrKk ikbZ tkrh gSA

bl izfrKk dks igpkfu;s vkSj rc bldk egRo crkb;sA

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202

3- elhg dk U;k; fl)rk ds lkFk mfpr Bgjs] blds fy;s mls Lo;a /kehZ vkSj loZK gksuk vko’;d gSA mls izR;sd euq"; ds

thou dk iw.kZ Kku gksuk vko’;d gSA D;k ;h’kq ds ikl i;kZIr Kku gS rkfd leLr euq";ksa dks fl) U;k; iznku dj lds\

elhgh ds loZKkuh gksus ds laca/k esa fuEufyf[kr in D;k fl[kkrs gSa\

v- elhg izdkf’krokD; 2%23 esa Lo;a dk fdl izdkj o.kZu djrk gS\ ;g o.kZu gesa mlds U;k; dh [kjkbZ ;k lfVdrk ckjs esa D;k crkrk gS\

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c- fdl izdkj izsfjr ikSyql elhg ds U;k; dks 1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 4%4&5 esa of.kZr djrk gS\ ;g o.kZu gesa mlds U;k; dh laiw.kZrk ;k ifj’kq)rk ds ckjs esa D;k crkrk gS\

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d- izsfjr ikSyql jksfe;ksa 2%16 esa elhg ds U;k; dh [kjkbZ ;k fl)rk ds ckjs esa D;k ?kksf"kr djrk gS\ tc og lalkj dk U;k; djsxk] rks ml fnu D;k elhg ls dksbZ ckr fNih jgsxh\

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203


v/;k; 34% U;k; dh fu’p;rk

ge lqlekpkj ds vius v/;;u dks U;k; dh fu’p;rk vkSj mlds laf{kIr fooj.k ij fopkj djrs gq, lekIr djsaxsA lkekU; :i esa] euq"; txr Hkfo"; ds U;k; ls lacaf/kr ckbcy ds lR; dks misf{kr djus ;k mldk badkj djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA ;gka rd fd elhfg;ksa ds chp esa Hkh] bl fo"k; dks bl Hk; es misf{kr djus dh izo`fRr gS fd dgha bl ls nqljksa dks Bksdj uk yxsA bl dkj.k ls] gesa yxkrkj vkSj ;Ru ls bl ckr dh iqf"V djrs jguk gS fd ckbcy vkSj ;h’kq elhg dh f’k{kk ds vuqlkj] Hkfo"; esa U;k; gksxk tks gjsd euq"; dh ’kk’or fu;fr r; djsxkA ckbcy esa of.kZr bl lR; ds ckjs esa] tSlk geus igys Hkh o.kZu fd;k fd] gesa mlh elhg ds fo"k; esa izpkj djuk pkfg;s tks mlds yksxksa ds ikiksa ds fy;s ejus vk;k vkSj nwljh ckj mudk U;k; djus vkSj mUgsa nks"kh Bgjkus vk;sxk ftUgksaus mlds }kjk fd;s x;s m)kj ds dk;Z dk badkj fd;k gSA

U;k; dh fu'p;rk vkSj fudVLFkrk@f'kÄzrk

Ckkbcy dgrh gS fd ;h’kq elhg ds }kjk bl lalkj esa gksus okyk U;k; nksuksa fuf’pr vkSj fudVLFk gSA U;k; fuf'pr gS D;ksafd ckbcy esa tjk ls Hkh la’k; dh ijNkbZ ugha gS fd ;g U;k; gksxk fd ughaA U;k; gksxk( vkSj gjsd euq"; izkjaHk ls ysdj var rd] cqyk;k tk;sxk vkSj mldk eqdnek gksxkA U;k; fudV Hkh gS] ;g fdlh Hkh le; lalkj esa izdV gks ldrk gSA iyd >idrs gh tc bldh mEehn Hkh de gksxh] elhg nwljh ckj izdV gksxk( fQj Hkh bl ckj] mldk thou iki ds fy;s cfynku p<+kus ds fy;s ugha gksxk] ijarq lalkj esa /kkfeZdrk ls U;k; djus vkSj ftUgksaus fo’okl djus ls badkj dj fn;k Fkk] muls vius yksxksa dks vyx djus ds fy;s vk;sxkA bl dkj.k ls ckbcy] ml egku fnol dh psrkofu;ksa ls Hkjh gS vkSj lc euq";ksa dks vius ijes’oj ls feyus ds fy;s rS;kj jgus dh vko’;drk gS!

1- ijes’oj }kjk Bgjk;s ,d euq"; }kjk ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 17%31½ lalkj dk U;k; gksuk ,d cM+h o vifjorZuh; fuaf’prrk gSA

jksfe;ksa 14%10&12 gesa bl lR; ds fo"k; esa D;k fl[kkrk gS\

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204

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fVIif.k;ka% in 11 esa] ijes’oj vius gh uke vkSj O;fDrRo dh ’kiFk ysdj dgrk gS fd u dsoy gjsd O;fDr dk U;k; fd;k tk;sxk ijarq gjsd ?kqVuk >qdsxk vkSj mlds U;k;h gksus ds vf/kdkj o mlds U;k; dh [kjkbZ dks ekusxkA

2- ;g le>uk egRoiw.kZ gS fd ;h’kq elhg }kjk leLr euq";ksa dk U;k; ftruk fuf’pr gS] mruk gh fudV Hkh gSA ijes’oj ds

U;k; ds ^^fudV gksus** dk vFkZ gS fd ;g fdlh Hkh {k.k gks ldrk gSA ;g lR; ;kdwc 5%9 esa l’kDr <ax ls lkeus yk;k x;k

gSA ;g in elhg ds tYn gh ykSVus vkSj mlds ckn gksus okys U;k; ds fo"k; esa D;k dgrk gS\

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fVIif.k;ka% elhg tks U;k;h gS] dk fp=.k ;gka }kj ij [kM+s gq, tu ds :i esa fd;k x;k gS] tks njoktk [kksyus ds fy;s Bgjk gqvk gS rkfd fcuk FkksM+h lh Hkh psrkouh fn;s cxSj Hkhrj vk tk;sA ;g lR; bl rhoz t:jr dks izxV djrk gS ftlls fd [kks;s gq, yksxksa dks] elhfg;ksa }kjk lqlekpkj izpkj djuk pkfg;s vkSj ml vR;ko’;drk ds lkFk djuk pkfg;s ftlls euq"; ijes’oj ds lkFk esy feyki fd [kkst dj ldsA

U;k; dk ckbcy vk/kkfjr o.kZu

elhg ds nwljs vkxeu vkSj mlds ckn gksus okys cM+s U;k; ds dbZ o.kZu ckbcy esa feyrs gSaA ;g Kku gesa bl lalkj ij vkus okys ml egku fnu dh >yd fn[kkrh gSA ;g /;ku nsuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd ckbcy U;k; ds fnu ds fo"k; es o.kZu

U;k; dh fu’p;rk

205

djrh gS] ;g yk{kf.kd :i esa ugha dgrh( ijarq ;g ,d lPps ?kVukdze ds fo"k; esa dg jgh gS og ?kVukdze bfrgkl dk var dj nsxk vkSj izR;sd euq"; dh ’kk’or fu;fr r; djsxkA

1- eRrh 16%27 esa elhg ds f}rh; vkxeu vkSj mlds }kjk izR;sd euq"; ds fd;s tkus okys U;k; dk laf{kIr ijarq l’kDr o.kZu

gSA bl in dks if<+;s] vkSj mldh fo"k; lkexzh ij /;ku nhft;s vkSj vius fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

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fVIif.k;ka% ^êuq"; ds iq=** dh inoh elhgk ;k elhg dks izxV djrh gS ¼nkfu;sy 7%13&14(;wgUuk 5%26&27½A i`Foh dk bfrgkl izHkq ;h’kq elhg ds }kjk thorksa vkSj e`rdksa ds U;k; ds fy;s vkus ds lkFk vkdfLed <ax ls lekIr gks tk;sxkA ;gwnk 14&15 esa] ckbcy dgrh gS fd izHkq gtkjksa ifo=ksa ds lkFk ykSVsxkA ml le;] elhg izR;sd euq"; dk mlds fopkj] ’kCn] dk;Z ds vk/kkj ij U;k; djsxkA os tks fo’okl }kjk /kehZ ugha Bgjk, x,a gSa] os nks"kh Bgjk, tk,axsA

2- eRrh 25%31&33 esa] ge elhg ds nwljs vkxeu vkSj mlds ckn laiw.kZ lalkj ds gksus okys U;k; ds ckjs esa ckbcy ds lcls

HkO; o.kZuksa esa ls ,d i<+rs gSA bl in dks if<+;s tc rd fd vki bldh fo"k; lkexzh ls ifjfpr u gks tk;sa] vkSj rc vius

fopkjksa dks fyf[k;sA

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206

fVIif.k;ka% tSlk mij crk;k x;k gS] ^êuq"; ds iq=** dh mikf/k elhgk ;k elhg dks izxV djrk gS ¼nkfu;sy 7%13&14( ;wgUuk 5%26&27½A iq= tks firk dh efgek ds lkFk vkus okyk gS ¼eRrh 16%27½ vkSj viuh Lo;a /kkfjr efgek esa vkus okyk gS ¼25%31½] D;ksafd iq= vius firk dh efgek dk rst gS ¼bczkfu;ksa 1%3½A tSlk eRrh 16%27 esa ge ns[krs gSa fd ;h’kq ds lkFk vuqxkeh LoxZnwrksa dk ny gksxk vkSj ;g vR;ar lkeFkZ o efgek dk HkO; izn’kZu gksxkA mlds vkxeu ij] og vius ije vf/kdkj dks iqu% LFkkfir djsxk( vkSj izR;sd O;fDr] vkne ls ysdj bl i`Foh ij mRiUu vafre O;fDr rd] mlds U;k;ky; esa mifLFkr gksus ds fy;s cqyk;k tk;sxkA dksbZ ,d jk"Vª] tkfr] yksx ;k O;fDr vuqifLFkr ugha gksaxsA ml le;] ekuo tkfr dh cM+h HkhM+ nks lewgksa esa foHkDr dh tk;sxh% ¼1½ ijes’oj ds yksx] tks ’kk’or jkT; dks mRrjkf/kdkj esa izkIr djsaxs] tks txr dh ^ûhao Myus ls igys** muds fy;s rS;kj fd;k x;k ¼in 34½ ( vkSj ¼2½ nq"V] os vuar vkx esa Hkst fn;s tk;saxs] tks ’kSrku vkSj mlds LoxZnwrksa ds fy;s rS;kj dh x;h gS ** ¼in 41½A

3- U;k; fnol dk lcls vnHkqr o iw.kZ fooj.k ckbcy ds leLr LFkyksa es ls ,d LFky izdkf’krokD; 20%11&15 esa feyrk gSA

bl in ij xgu fopkj djs fcuk] elhg ds U;k;h gksus ds Åij gekjs fopkj iw.kZ ugha ekus tk;saxsA bl in dks rc rd if<+;s

tc rd vki blls ifjfpr u gksa vkSj rc fuEufyf[kr okD;ka’kksa ij vius fopkj O;Dr dhft;sA

v- fQj eSaus ,d cM+k flagklu ns[kk vkSj mls ns[kk tks ml ij cSBk gqvk Fkk ¼in 11½A

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fVIif.k;ka% flagklu ij dkSu fojkteku gS\ ckbcy ds vuqlkj ge tkurs gSa fd nksuksa firk ¼izdkf’krokD; 4%2] 9( 5%1] 7] 13( 6%16( 7%10] 15( 19%4( 21%5½ vkSj iq= ¼bczkfu;ksa 1%3( izdkf’krokD; 3%21½ flagklu ij fojkftr gSaA ge tkurs gS fd flagklu elhg dk U;k; vklu ¼2 dqfjfUFk;ksa 5%10½ vkSj ijes’oj dk U;k; vklu gS ¼jksfe;ksa 14%10½A ge tkurs gSa fd ijes’oj firk us ,d fnu fu;qDr fd;k gS tc og /kkfeZdrk es euq"; elhg ;h’kq ds }kjk U;k; djsxk ¼izsfjrksa ds dke 17%31½A gekjs le{k izLrqr bl egku izdk’ku dk vFkZ firk vkSj iq= ds e/; varj izdV djuk ugha gS & cfYd ;g fd firk us leLr euq";ksa dk U;k; mlds iq= }kjk djuk fu/kkZjhr fd;k gSA bldk mn~ns’; ;g izekf.kr djuk gS fd euq"; dk vafre vkeuk & lkeuk Lo;a ijes’oj ls gksxkA

U;k; dh fu’p;rk

207

c- mldh mifLFkfr ls vkdk’k vkSj i`Foh Hkkx x, vkSj mUgsa dksbZ LFkku u feyk ¼in 11½A

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fVIif.k;ka% lalkj dk izkphu dze] tks iki vkSj Hkz"Vrk ds dkj.k nwf"kr gks x;k gS] og lekIr gks tk;sxk( ,d u;k LoxZ vkSj ubZ i`Foh bldk LFkku ysxhA

d- rc eSaus NksVs cM+s] lc e`rdksa dks flagklu ds le{k [kM+s gq, ns[kk ¼in 12½ A

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fVIif.k;ka% dksbZ bruk egku ugha gS tks ijes’oj ds flagklu ds lkeus izxV gksus ls badkj dj ns] u dksbZ bruk NksVk ;k egRoghu gS tks Lo;a dks fNik ldsA izR;sd & fcuk viokn ds & ml egku fnu esa lkeus gksxkA

M- vkSj iqLrdsa [kksyh x;h rFkk ,d vkSj iqLrd [kksyh x;h tks thou dh iqLrd gS vkSj mu iqLrdksa esa fy[kh gqbZ ckrksa ds vk/kkj ij lc e`rdksa dk U;k; muds dkeksa ds vuqlkj fd;k x;k ¼in 12½A

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fVIif.k;ka% ftUgksaus ;h’kq elhg ds ’kqHk lans’k }kjk izLrkfor {kek dks ysus ls badkj dj fn;k] mudk U;k;] muds dk;ksZ ds vuqlkj gksxkA ;g rF; fd okD;ka’k ^^muds dk;ksZ ds vuqlkj** in 13 esa iqu% nksgjk;k x;k gS] egRoiw.kZ


208

gSA tSls ;wgUuk euq";ksa ds var% dj.k dks muds ikie; dk;ksZ vkSj mudh Hk;kog lR;rk ds izfr txkus dk iz;kl dj jgk Fkk] rkfd ;g izxV gks fd fulansg mu dk;ksZ ds vk/kkj ij mudk U;k; gksxkA

b- leqnz us mu e`rdksa dks tks mlesa Fks ns fn;k] vkSj e`R;q vkSj v/kksyksd us vius e`rd ns fn,A muesa ls izR;sd dk U;k; mlds dkeksa ds vuqlkj fd;k x;k ¼in 13½ A

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fVIif.k;ka% egku U;k; fnol ij fNius ds fy;s dksbZ LFkku ugha gksxkA ckbcy crkrh gS euq"; fpYYkk mBsaxs fd igkM+ksa vkSj pV~Vkuksa mu ij fxj tk;sa rkfd tks flagklu ij cSBk gS] ml ,d dh mifLFkfr ls cpk ys ¼izdkf’krokD; 6%16½A fQj Hkh] mudh izkFkZukvksa dk mRrj ugha feysxkA mUgs fNius dk dksbZ LFkku u feysxkA

bZ- e`R;q vkSj v/kksyksd vkx dh >hy esa Mkys x,A ;g vkx dh >hy nwljh e`R;q gSA ftl fdlh dk uke thou dh iqLrd esa fy[kk gqvk u feyk] og vkx dh >hy esa Qsad fn;k x;k ¼in 14&15½ A

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fVIif.k;ka% ftUgksaus ijes’oj dh bPNk vkSj mlds iq= ds }kjk iznku fd;s x;s m)kj dks ekuus ls badkj dj fn;k] ;g mudk =klnk;h var gksxk& ijes’oj dh dìkiw.kZ mifLFkfr ls vuardky rd ds fy;s os i`Fkd dj udZ esa Mky fn;s tk;saxsA

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