“Veni, Vidi, Vici“I came, I saw, I conquered

And then I died!

So What Happened Next?!?

• Caesar is dead and Rome is in Chaos!!!

Marc Antony

• Julius Caesar’s BFF; Caesar was his mother’s cousin

• Takes the consulship• Asked for conspirators to be

pardoned (Brutus & Cassius)• Public funeral for Caesar and

read will• Gardens in the city left to poor• Granted money to every Roman

citizen• Mob went wild No, no,

no…NOT ME!!!

Me you fools!

Octavian• Julius Caesar’s great

nephew– Adopted posthumously

through Caesar’s will

• 18 years old and in Greece at the time of Caesar’s death

• Finds out he is Caesar’s chief heir

Dude!

What?!? How dare he make that pipsqueak

his heir…

Hmmmm…this is even BETTER! I can

manipulate him!

Octavian

• Claimed what was his• Issued a call to arms of his

father’s veteran’s; soldiers came to his aid

• Antony fled to Gaul to round up legions

• Senate thought they could control Octavian too– Make him a senator– Octavian smarter than senate!

Octavian

• Octavian struck first against the Senate:– Occupied Rome with his

army – Forced them to revoke

amnesty for Brutus and Cassius

• Then strikes against Antony in Gaul and defeats him

• Negotiates alliance– Pulled-in Lepidus, a wealthy

Roman

The Second Triumvirate• Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus– Sealed the deal with marriage: Antony married

Octavian’s sister

• Turned attention to Senate– Forced the Senate to grant all three men consular

positions for five years• Antony -Gaul• Lepidus- Spain• Octavian- Africa and Sicily

The Second Triumvirate

• Instituted a round of proscriptions - 2,300 fled or died – Eliminate political enemies and strip them of their

property– Octavian and Antony went to Greece to hunt down Brutus &

Cassius• Met at Philippi; Octavian and Antony won• Brutus and Cassius committed suicide

• Almost immediately, squeezed out Lepidus– Octavian controls the west (Hispania, Gaul, Italia, & Africa)– Antony controls the east (Greece, Asia, Syria & Egypt)

• Renewed triumvirate for another 5 years

• In 35 Lepidus rebelled– Put down and

forced into retirement…then he dies

• Tensions rise between Octavian & Antony

• Octavian commanded 45 legions and 500 warships

• Antony had less, but not worried because he had something else…

And then there were two

The Second Triumvirate

Egypt & Cleopatra

•Antony thought Egypt would guarantee a victory And…

• Cupid hit Antony and Cleopatra with his arrow.

•One of the greatest love stories in history.

Oh no, I’m still married to Octavia.

Triumvirate Ends• Antony went too far…Rumors flying: – Starting a second Senate in Egypt– Declared Caesarion as Caesar's legal heir– Gave most of Rome’s eastern lands to Cleopatra

• Arabia, Cyprus (copper mines), Sinai (turquoise mines), Armenia, North Africa (grain), ports of Phoenicia

– Left his possessions to his children by Cleopatra– Wanted to be buried in Alexandria– Married Cleopatra in 32 BC before he divorced

Octavia

• Note: All scenes featured in the following clip are from the 1963 film Cleopatra starring Elizabeth Taylor…

Cleopatra & Mark Antony

Triumvirate Ends• Rome & Octavian FURIOUS!– Senate declares war on Cleopatra– Antony stripped of all his official power and

labeled him as an outlaw and a traitor

It’s clear that Mark Antony is whipped. No chance we can

tolerate a man who lets a woman

tell him what to do!

Yes dear…

See that…I want it…all of it!

As you wish…

Let’s Get Ready to Rumble• Both positioned self for battle Octavian sought Senate support only to end up chasing away consuls and Senate oFew in Rome objectedoRepublic truly dead

Senate went to Antony in Greece•

The Battle of Actium (Greece)

• Antony less men and weaker army, but Cleopatra promised Egyptian navy and a naval victory

• Egyptians allowed themselves to get trapped in the harbor at Actium

• Antony and Cleopatra fled; Octavian chased them

• Eventually, Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide when it was hopeless

• Octavian hunted down all of Cleopatra’s children and killed them

The Battle Between Octavian & Antony

I hope that chick was worth it!

And the money poured in…

• The last Egyptian pharaoh was now dead• Octavian took control of all Egypt– Personal possession; didn’t turn over to the

Senate like before– Egypt’s wealth went into his own personal

treasury