TITLE MUST BE IN ALL CAPS, IN SINGLE SPACE,INVERTED PYRAMID STYLE,

CENTERED_____________________________________

A Thesis

Presented to the

Faculty of

California State University, Fullerton_____________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Master of (Arts or Science)

in

Proper Degree Name_____________________________________

By

Student Name

Thesis Committee Approval:

Tuffy T. Titan, Department of Xxxxxxxxx, ChairSuzy Q. Snowflake, Department of XxxxxxxxxJoe Bag-O’Donuts, Department of Xxxxxxxxx

Semester, Year(THESIS TEMPLATE UPDATED JANUARY 2020)

ABSTRACT

Type or paste your abstract here. An abstract is required for all manuscripts and

may be no more than one page with this exact spacing. Your abstract will be published

online and in your paper. The abstract should include a statement of the problem,

procedures, methods, results, and a conclusion—the equivalent of a short statement you

might use in response to the question, “What is your thesis all about, anyway?” The

abstract should not contain footnotes or references, include the title, or your name as

author of the thesis.

Your abstract must fit on one page, including the blank space above. It should be

12 pt. font, and should not have any bolded titles, such as “METHODS.”

The “front matter” page numbers are set at one inch at the center bottom of the

page, in lower-case Roman numerals. If you add or delete some pages, Word will

repaginate the file automatically. Please see Chapter 1 for more information about

formatting.

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... ii

LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................... v

LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................. vii

Chapter1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1

What this Document Is.......................................................................................... 1As a Visual Example...................................................................................... 1As a Requirements Resource.......................................................................... 2As a Final Submitted Document..................................................................... 2

How to Use this Document.................................................................................... 2Writing Directly on the Template................................................................... 3Pasting into the Template............................................................................... 3Using Styles.................................................................................................... 4

How this Document Is Organized......................................................................... 5

2. SUBHEADINGS................................................................................................... 6

Primary Subheadings............................................................................................. 6Secondary Subheadings.................................................................................. 7We Also Must Always Have Two or More Level Two Subheadings if We Want to Have Any at All............................................................................. 7

Subheadings and Your Tables of Contents............................................................ 8

3. TABLES................................................................................................................ 9

Images of Tables.................................................................................................... 9Tables versus Figures............................................................................................ 9Examples............................................................................................................... 9Advanced Table Formatting.................................................................................. 12Final Table Tips..................................................................................................... 14

3

4. FIGURES............................................................................................................... 15

General Formatting................................................................................................ 15Caption Specifics................................................................................................... 16Figure Details........................................................................................................ 16

5. EQUATIONS........................................................................................................ 17

6. COMMON ERRORS............................................................................................ 18

APPENDICES................................................................................................................ 19

A. GENERAL APPENDIX GUIDELINES........................................................ 19B. EXAMPLE APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS..................................................... 21C. EXAMPLE APA REFERENCES.................................................................. 23D. EXAMPLE IEEE IN-TEXT CITATIONS..................................................... 25E. EXAMPLE IEEE REFERENCES.................................................................. 26F. COMMON ERRORS HANDOUT................................................................ 28G. PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST................................................................ 30

REFERENCES............................................................................................................... 32

4

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1.A Small Table............................................................................................................ 10

2.A More Complex Table............................................................................................. 11

3.A Large Landscape Table.......................................................................................... 13

4.Common Errors in Thesis Submissions..................................................................... 18

1. Titles should be exactly the same as they are in the text.

2. If you have an especially long title, it is okay to have only a brief title listed here. You will use the first sentence of the title for the listing here. Please see the List of Figures for an example.

3. Use title-case for all table titles, meaning capitalize all important words.

4. If titles must exceed the length of one line, do not allow them to go beyond the leader dots or enter the page number column of blank spaces. Please see note on Chapter 2 subheadings in the Table of Contents.

5. Hit Enter at the end of the last line to insert a new number for another table. Delete any unnecessary tables listed here.

6. Replace # with the actual page numbers.

7. Do not list any tables that appear only in appendices.

8. Delete these bullet points when you are finished.

5

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1.The option for Keep Text Only.................................................................................. 4

2.Styles in Microsoft Word........................................................................................... 4

3.Above are the alignment options for cells in a table. First click in your table,and then click the label marked “Layout” under Table Tools. The left clusterof nine options allows you to choose how your text is aligned. For example,the button in the three-o’clock position would align your text to the right(horizontally) and centered (vertically). Use these buttons to align your text.... 11

4.Dogs write terrible papers.......................................................................................... 15

1. Captions should be exactly the same as they are in the text.

2. If you have an especially long caption, it is okay to have only a brief caption listed here. You will use the first sentence of the caption for the listing here.

3. Use sentence-case for figure captions, meaning capitalize only the first word in each sentence and all proper nouns.

4. If captions must exceed the length of one line, do not allow them to go beyond the leader dots or enter the page number column of blank spaces. Please see note on Chapter 2 subheadings in the Table of Contents.

5. Hit Enter at the end of the last line to insert a new number for another table. Delete any unnecessary tables listed here.

6. Replace # with the actual page numbers.

7. Do not list any figures that appear only in appendices.

8. Delete these bullet points when you are finished.

6

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This is an optional section in which you may thank friends, mentors, colleagues,

supporters, and/or institutions that supported your research or provided special assistance.

If your advisors or committee members offered routine help, you may omit them entirely.

Observe the same formatting guidelines for this section, including margins and

double-spacing. It must match the main text.

7

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the California State University, Fullerton template. This document is

meant to provide an example of a finished thesis (properly formatted) and instructions on

how to format your own paper.

What this Document Is

This document is meant to serve three purposes.

1. To provide a visual example of what a final thesis should look like

2. To provide explanations regarding formatting requirements

3. To provide a document into which content should be copied before final submission

As a Visual Example

This paper represents what a final thesis should look like. Unless otherwise stated,

your final paper should look exactly like this thesis, differing only in terms of content.

Note that this template has the correct margins (1.5” on the left, 1” on the right).

Examples that must be followed from this template include where and how the

page numbers are, the margins, the amount of blank space before chapters, what headings

and subheadings look like, etc. When in doubt, assume this document is an accurate

example that must be followed.

2

As a Requirements Resource

This document contains comments that explain formatting details and note

common errors, but the text (body) of this paper also has explicit instructions on how to

format your thesis. Be sure to read this paper through in its entirety for full instructions.

Some of the comments may have information redundant to the body text, in which case

they are repeated for emphasis.

As Final Submitted Document

This Microsoft Word file is meant to be the final submitted document sent to the

Office of Graduate Studies for proofing. Please modify this file to contain your final

contents, rather than creating or modifying a different file to resemble this one. This

template has quite a bit of “behind-the-scenes” formatting that will help you make your

paper perfect.

Please note that while this template is set up to try to automatically format text for

you, ultimately you alone are responsible for making sure your paper meets all formatting

requirements as listed here and in the Thesis Manual.

How to Use this Document

As noted, in addition to being an example of and resource for formatting

requirements, this document is also going to be the final document submitted to the

Office of Graduate Studies. What this means is that rather than attempting to format

another document to our requirements, this document should serve as the “skeleton” for

your final submission. In other words, write your paper directly on or copy your text into

this file for final submission. You are encouraged to keep a clean copy of the template

on-hand for reference

3

Writing Directly on the Template

If you are early on in your process, you may choose to write directly on this

template. If you do, please be sure to delete any leftover explanatory text from the

template and delete any extra sections/content as necessary.

Pasting into the Template

Almost inevitably you will have to paste into this document. For that reason, it is

important to differentiate between the two major forms of Paste in Microsoft Word.

These paste options may be accessed by right-clicking where you intend to paste your

text.

Keep source formatting. This is Word’s default behavior, and happens with you

press CTRL + V. Here, Word will attempt to keep the formatting from your original

document, rather than using the formatting from your destination (in this case, this

template). Be careful with this option. In general, if you are copying text from an outside

source, you will not want to use Keep Source Formatting, but rather Keep Text Only.

Keep text only. This allows us to paste just the raw text from a source without

worrying about copying the formatting. When you are copying text from any document

and pasting it into this template, you will want to use Keep Text Only, so that you get

your original text, but with the template’s formatting. If you are having trouble copying

text from another document, be sure to try using Keep Text Only. This option can be

accessed by right-clicking where you would like to paste and selecting the final option

under Paste, as shown in Figure 1.

4

Figure 1. The option for Keep Text Only, accessed by right-clicking where you would like to paste.

Using Styles

Styles are a feature of Microsoft Word that allow you to quickly format text to a

pre-determined style. At the top of the Microsoft Word window is the Style Gallery,

which includes things like “Double Spaced Body,” “Level 1 Subheading,” and

“References.” These styles are an easy way for you to correctly format text. For example,

try highlighting a heading in your paper and clicking Level 1 Subheading—it should

automatically center and underline your text. A full discussion of Styles is beyond the

scope of this paper, and knowledge of Styles is not essential to completion of your paper,

but if you are curious, consult Microsoft Word’s documentation. Figure 2 shows a quick

example of how Styles may help you format things quickly.

Figure 2. Styles in Microsoft Word. Here, the text “For this text” is highlighted and “Double Spaced Body” is selected. If you were to try clicking somewhere in this caption text and then to take a look at the Styles tab again, you should see Figure Caption is highlighted. Our caption text is different from our body text in that our body text is double-spaced, but our caption text is single-spaced.

5

How This Document Is Organized

Chapter 1 is an introduction to this document and how to best use it.

Chapter 2 is a guide to subheadings and how to organize your paper.

Chapter 3 has tables that can be copied and filled in, as well as instructions for

specific table formatting requirements.

Chapter 4 has explicit instructions for figures and figure captions.

Chapter 5 gives details on how to handle equations.

Chapter 6 is a short table about some common formatting errors.

Appendix A is a quick summary of what appendices are for and how to format

them.

Appendix B includes example APA in-text citations. These citations correspond

to the references in Appendix C.

Appendix C contains example APA references. These references correspond to

the citations in Appendix B.

Appendix D consists of example IEEE in-text citations. These citations

correspond to the references in Appendix E.

Appendix E comprises example IEEE references. These references correspond to

the citations in Appendix D.

6

CHAPTER 2

BASIC FORMATTINGAND SUBHEADINGS

Basic text in our thesis is always black, 12 pt., Times New Roman, double-

spaced, and left-aligned. Please do not used Justified text—the righthand side should be

“ragged.” All paragraphs should be indented 0.5” from the left. There should be never be

extra space between paragraphs. If you use this downloadable template, all formatting

and pagination should align correctly, but ultimately it is your responsibility to ensure

that your paper is correctly formatted before submission.

Primary Subheadings

This is how thesis will look, using a chapter name and Turabian-style

subheadings. Your subheadings must look exactly like these. Please never bold or

underline Section or Chapter Titles.

You do not need to begin each chapter with a primary subheading immediately

following the chapter title. Note that all styles (APA, Chicago, IEEE, etc.) should use the

same subheading format shown in this template.

Primary Subheadings should be centered, in title-case, underlined. If your title

goes onto two lines, it should be single-spaced with one blank single-spaced line between

the last line of the title and first line of body-text.

7

Secondary Subheadings

A Secondary Subheading is a subsection of a Primary Subheading. All

subheadings should be worded in the Table of Contents exactly the same as in the text.

The text starts in the line below the Secondary Subheading—one double space—as with

Primary Subheadings. There is no period or other punctuation after a Secondary

Subheading. If secondary Subheadings are used, there should be at least two per Primary

Subheading section.

Tertiary subheadings. This subheading is a subsection of a Secondary

Subheading. Both Secondary and Tertiary Subheadings relate generally to the Primary

Subheading, but the Tertiary Subheading does not need to be included in the TOC. Refer

to the Turabian Manual for Writers or the Chicago Manual of Style for further

subheading levels and appropriate usage.

Note that this subheading uses sentence-case, not title-case, and that it is indented

the same .5 in as the rest of the paper. It is not on a separate line from the beginning of

the paragraph.

We always have to be sure to have at least two or more subheadings in a given

section. As noted before, we always need either zero or two-plus subheadings within a

given section. Here, we have two Tertiary Subheadings, so we are okay. Note that long

Tertiary Subheadings simply extend onto the next line.

We Also Must Always Have Two or More Level Two Subheadings if We Want to Have Any at All

Here, we have a long Secondary Subheading, so it extends onto a second line.

Notice that when it does, we want to have it single-spaced with one blank single-spaced

8

line separating it from this text. Note that this template includes Styles associated with

Primary and Secondary Subheadings. Please see Chapter 1 for more information.

Subheadings and Your Table of Contents

Your Table of Contents is meant to list your: Sections, Chapters, Primary

Subheadings, and Secondary Subheadings. Please do not include Tertiary (Level 3)

Subheadings or beyond.

9

CHAPTER 3

TABLES

For many students, Tables are amongst the most challenging parts of formatting

their Thesis. While CSUF does not have comprehensive table requirements, these are

some examples and suggestions on creating readable, printable tables.

Images of Tables

Images of tables are always strongly discouraged. Please use Microsoft Word to

create your tables rather than inserting pictures, screenshots, scans, or other images of

tables. In addition to looking cleaner, it will ensure all text is maximally readable and

editable, as necessary. Tables submitted as image are subject to request for revision.

Tables versus Figures

Some students ask what the difference is between tables and figures. Put simply:

tables are tables and everything else is a figure. Graphs are figures, for examples. Tables

are intended solely to represent and organize data.

Examples

Take a look at Table 1 for a simple example. First and foremost, note that the text

does not wrap around the table, but that the table has its own space.

In this example, we have four items in Column 1, all aligned-left. In Row 1, we

have five headings. All “data” is centered within each cell.

Please note that each line should be its own row in the table; please do not use

Enter/Return to add information, but rather add a new row to the table.

10

Table 1. A Small Table

Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5

Item 1 Y Y Y Y Y

Item 2 Y Y N N Y

Item 3 Y N N Y Y

Item 4 Y Y Y N Y

Table 2 is a bit more complicated. Note especially that we do not have blank

space preceding any tables. We never want to have more than a quarter of a blank page,

so try to minimize empty space. Recall that all figures and tables need cues (something

like "see Figure 1,” "as seen in Table X,” etc.) in the text preceding them, but no more

than about a page or two away. Please do not use any locational terms like “following

figure,” “preceding table,” “image above,” etc.

In Table 2 we see a few new things. We have a header for the first column

(“Heading”) with two subheadings and 13 entries (Items 1-13). These items are formatted

so that if any of them are longer than the rest (i.e., Item 8), all lines after the first will be

indented .125 in.

Below the chart is a footnote. The “a” corresponds to a superscript character at the

end of “Column Heading.” The footnote is set one single-spaced below the table, and

there are two single-spaced lines separating the footnote from this text.

Item 10’s first and last column have two-digit numbers (“13” and “10”). If you

look closely, you will see this data is not actually vertically centered, but rather it is

aligned by the decimal point (though here there are no decimal points, so it aligns after

the ones column). Whenever we have numerical data we want to align by the decimal

11

point, but we still never use spaces to try to format text. Instead, we use the Decimal Tab.

If you are interested in aligning your text yourself, please check online for how to use the

Decimal Tab feature.

Table 2. A More Complex Table

Column Heading a

Heading Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4

Subheading 1

Item 1 5 2 1 7

Item 2 8 5 1 8

Item 3 9 4 0 9

Item 4 8 1 1 9

Item 5 6 2 1 6

Item 6 7 3 1 8

Item 7 5 3 1 5

Item 8, which is a much longer item than the rest, so it has a hanging indent

9 2 1 6

Subheading 2

Item 9 5 1 0 5

Item 10 13 4 2 10

Item 11 1 2 1 3

Item 12 7 2 0 7

Item 13 9 5 2 7

a – This is a footnote corresponding to “Column Heading”

Finally, notice that all cells are centered horizontally. Look at Figure 3 to see the

alignment buttons.

12

Figure 3. Above are the alignment options for cells in a table. First click in your table and then click the label marked “Layout” under “Table Tools.” The left cluster of nine options allow you to choose how your text is aligned. For example, the button in the three-o’clock position would align your text to the right, horizontally, but centered, vertically. Use these buttons to align your text.

Advanced Table Formatting

When working with large amounts of data, formatting tables can become more

difficult.

While we can play with formatting to a certain extent, there are two things we

must keep in mind at all times:

1. We can never go below 10 pt. font

2. Tables must always fit inside the margins

With these in mind, how do we handle extremely large tables? Table 3 is an

example of how to format a table on a landscape page.

If you are copying this table for use elsewhere in your paper, start copying

from this bold text and go through to the bold text on the page following the

landscape table. When pasting, be sure to use Keep Source Formatting (see Chapter

1) to ensure the landscape formatting is properly copied over.

13

Table 3. A Large Landscape Table

Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 Item 7 Item 8 Item 9

Item 1 Y Y Y Y N Y N Y Y

Item 2 Y Y N N N Y Y Y Y

Item 3 Y N N Y N Y N N Y

Item 4 Y Y Y N N N N N Y

14

Copy through to this text!

Table 3 does not have many rows, but it does have a lot of columns, making it a

good candidate for a landscape page. You will see Table 3’s first cue on the page

preceding the table, and again note that there is no additional blank space around the

table.

Final Table Tips

When working with your committee, they likely have valuable input on how to

make your tables. There may be standards in the field, or your advisors may simple have

experience in wrangling large amounts of data. Additionally, I am always happy to help

with formatting tables. The following are some suggestions to help you with any issues

you may encounter.

Remember: 10 pt. font or higher!

It must fit inside the template margins

o Portrait: 1” on top, right, bottom and 1.5” on left

o Landscape: 1” on left, right, bottom, and 1.5” on top)

Table title is single-spaced, title-case, and starts on the third blank single-spaced line after the body.

Use single-spacing for all table-text. It is much easier to format.

Large tables may be split across pages (with repeating headers).

Your table font must match the font of the rest of the document.

Images of tables are best avoided. Please use Microsoft Word’s Table feature to recreate tables.

Do not use bolding in column or row labels. Bolding is reserved to emphasize findings.

If you are unsure of how to do something, ask! Check Google, email me (ecossaboom@fullerton.edu), or make an appointment with a GLS!

15

CHAPTER 4

FIGURES

Figures are treated similarly to tables, but they feature captions instead of titles,

which are quite different.

General Formatting

First, taking a look back at the previous figures or at Figure 4, notice that we

always have two blank single-spaced lines between the body text and the figure, similar

to how table titles start on the third blank line.

Figure 4. Dogs write terrible papers. If the caption for this thesis was to run onto two lines, we would want to make sure that it is single-spaced with two blank lines afterwards.

In addition to the space above the figure, notice that we see the same two blank

single-spaced lines between the figure caption and the body text.

16

Tables and figures should be able to stand alone without any text explanation or,

in some case, sourcing. Remember that all tables and figures need cues (something like

“See Figure X,” or, “Table Y is an example of how . . . ”) in the text preceding the figure.

Caption Specifics

Looking at any of the figures in this paper, you will always see that captions start

with “Figure X,” always italicized, followed by a period, and then the rest of the text.

Only the “Figure X” portion of the caption should be italicized. Caption text should be 12

pt. unless captions are longer than about six lines, in which case 10 pt. font is also

appropriate.

Figure Details

Please be very careful of the following:

No figure may contain text below 10 pt. If your figure had 10 pt. font but was then resized to fit in the margins, its text is now smaller than 10 pt. and may be too small to print.

No figure may go outside the margins. We must always observe the same margins.

Figures should not Wrap Text, but instead should be In Line with Text.

17

CHAPTER 5

EQUATIONS

Equations are numbered similarly to figures and tables, but there is no List of

Equations in the front matter of the paper. Additionally, equations do not necessarily

need cues, but we should still avoid words like “below” or “above.” If you wish to

directly reference an equation, please use something like “See Equation X.”

Equation 1 represents an example of how we might format our equations.

A=π r2 (1)

Here, we are using Microsoft Word’s Equations feature, but equations may also

be inserted as images. Note that if you choose to insert your equations as images, they are

still not considered figures.

Notice that the equation is still double-spaced and is indented .5 in. I have used

the right-align feature to add “(1)” to represent that it is Equation 1. More complex

equations may run onto multiple lines or may be formatted to take up more vertical space,

however, I always discourage you from using spaces to format text. Please use Word’s

alignment features and Tab.

18

CHAPTER 6

COMMON ERRORS

Table 4 provides common errors in thesis submission.

Table 4. Common Errors in Thesis Submissions

Incorrect Correct Note

- or – — Use —. No space before or after —

… . . . “Space period space period space period space” instead of the default ellipsis

p-value p value Italicize p, no hyphen

t-test t test Italicize t, no hyphen

F(1,7) F(1, 7) Italicize F, add space after the comma

wt. weight

ht. height

= = Add a space before and after all equal signs, <, and >

R2 R2 Superscript or subscript text should not be italicized

N=14 N = 14 N should be in italics; space before and after equal sign

1980’s 1980s No apostrophe before the s for decades

M M Italicize M for mean

SD SD Italicize SD for standard deviation

Apples, oranges and bananas

Apples, oranges, and bananas

DO include the Oxford/serial comma in lists of three or more items.

et al / et. al et al. Period after al. If referring to a group of authors

1st, 2nd, 3rd 1st, 2nd, 3rd Remove the superscriptNote: Additional format corrections are listed in the Thesis Manual. Statistical abbreviations and symbols and their appropriate format can be found in the APA Manual.

19

APPENDIX A

GENERAL APPENDIX GUIDELINES

Start typing or paste in your first appendix here. Notice that the same formatting

restrictions apply for margins and titles. Text within appendices can be formatted

between 10-12 pt. font and may be single- or double-spaced.

If you have just one appendix, remove the letter “A” following “APPENDIX.” All

appendices should have titles.

If you need assistance with landscape pages for your tables or figures, please

email me (ecossaboom@fullerton.edu) for Word techniques or check Chapter 3 for

instructions on inserting a landscape page.

Appendices that contain information presented to human participants in the study

(for example, if you chose to include a copy of a survey given to participants) should be

replicated as close as possible to what the original participants saw. Because of the

limitations of trying to match two formats it does not need to be identical, but it should be

as close as possible.

For handouts and materials that may have your contact information, consider

blacking it out before submitting your final paper.

Because appendices often contain raw data and participant handouts, the most

important thing is that appendices fit within the margins. Thus, the requirements for

20

things like figure and table placement and formatting are much less strict than in the

body.

Table A1. Blank Table

21

APPENDIX B

EXAMPLE APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS

If you are using APA, this chapter will help you get started with in-text citations.

Note that this chapter is not a substitute for using the official APA manual.

Basics

In general, citations in APA will appear at the end of sentences in parentheses

(Pooh, 2002). The citations in this chapter correspond to the example reference entries in

Appendix C, so you can check them against their reference.

There are two kinds of citations in APA. The first is a parenthetical citation

(Pooh, 2002). In the other, we explicitly reference the author(s) of the work, as studied by

Pooh (2002). Both methods are equally valid, and you are free to mix and match.

Authors

For sources with exactly one author, we will simply use that author’s last name, a

comma, and the year of the reference (Pooh, 2002). Alternatively, if you do not want to

reference your work by the author’s name, you can write that followed by the year in

parentheses, as researched by Pooh (2002).

For two authors, the rules are generally the same, but note that we always use an

ampersand (&) when doing a parenthetical citation, and we use the word “and” when

explicitly saying the name of the authors. For example, Pooh and Robin (1930) is a

perfectly acceptable way to write a citation. This could also be written as a parenthetical

(Pooh & Robin, 1930).

22

For three to five authors we observe the same rules about “and” versus the

ampersand (&) (Pooh, Robin, Let, Yore, & Er, 1993). Note that we always use a comma

between the authors’ names. However, we only write all authors’ names the first time we

cite a source. After that, we simply write the first author’s last name plus “et al.” For

example, according to Pooh et al. (1993). Notice that we do not use a comma between the

first author’s last name and “et al.” If we were to write the same thing as a parenthetical

citation, it would look like this (Pooh et al., 1993).

For sources with six or more authors we simply use “et al.” from the first instance

(Pooh et al., 1900). Notice that we can have multiple citations that are all “Pooh et al.”

They are differentiated by their year. If you have multiple “et al.” citations with the same

author in the same year, please consult the official APA manual for more details.

Multiple Sequential Citations

If you would like to cite multiple sources in a single sentence, we will list them

alphabetically by the first author’s last name, divided by semi-colons (Pooh, 2002; Seuss,

1975). All other rules about authors, “et al.,” and punctuation remain the same (Pooh,

2002; Pooh et al., 1993).

23

APPENDIX C

EXAMPLE APA REFERENCES

The following are example references for APA. Note that all references should

appear in the reference section—this is only to provide an example of how to format

various resources. Note that this appendix is not a replacement for the official APA

manual and should be used as a cheat-sheet only. Your references should contain zero

Tabs.

These citations all use the Word style “References.” Please be sure to use a

hanging indent, rather than hitting Enter and adjusting the indent.

Journals

Single Author

Pooh, W. T. (2002). Modelling flow and current on a blustery day. The Many Adventures, 11(3), 7-10.

Two Authors

Pooh, W. T., & Robin, C. (1930). Diversion and distraction in honey acquisition markets. Letters on Bees, 16, 23-120.

Three to Seven Authors

Pooh, W. T., Robin, C., Let, P., Yore, E., & Er, T. I. D. G. (1993). Rumblies, tumblies, and stumblies: Hypo-glycemia in T. ornatus. Endogenic Studies in Ursa, 13(17), 1090-1099.

Seven or More Authors

Pooh, W. T., Robin, C., Let, P., Yore, E., Er, T. I. D. G., Roo, K., . . . Pher, G. (1900). Tut-tut: Uncertainty and ritual in post-Keynesian global markets. Deflection and Detention, 4, 14-17.

24

Books

Number of Authors

Authors should be listed exactly as they are for journal articles. Please see the

section Journals for details on how to format single and multiple authors.

Basic Book Format

Seuss, D. (1975). Stochasticity and magical thinking: Itemization schemes of Mulberry St. inventories. Fullerton, CA: Unpublishables Ltd.

Part of an Edited Volume

Hat, C. I. T., Things, T. W., & Grinch, T. (1965). Adversarial profiteering the barbaloot-snoot poaching. In D. Seuss & M. Sendack (Eds.), Neutrality in negativity: New perspectives (pp. 107-130). Truffula, XY: Onceler Presses.

Sources without Authors

In general, sources without authors will obey the rules of their format, meaning a

journal article with no author is treated more-or-less like a journal article with an author.

The main difference is that we will move the title of the work to be before the year,

otherwise we will observe the same rules. The following example would be fore the same

book listed under Basic Book Format, except without the author.

Stochasticity and magical thinking: Itemization schemes of Mulberry St. inventories. (1975). Fullerton, CA: Unpublishables Ltd.

Notice that the information is all cased and italicized the same way. The only

difference is that there is no author field, and the year follows the book title. For a

journal, we would do the same thing, except the year would be between the title of the

article and the title of the journal. The following is the same as the entry under Two

Authors under Journals, except imagined with no authors.

Diversion and distraction in honey acquisition markets. (1930). Letters on Bees, 16, 23-120.

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APPENDIX D

EXAMPLE IEEE IN-TEXT CITATIONS

If you are using IEEE, this chapter will help you get started with in-text citations.

Note that this chapter is not a substitute for using the official IEE manual.

In general, citations in IEEE will appear at the end of sentences in brackets [1].

You may also choose to insert them after each item if is in a list [2], a series [3], or a

recitation of information [5]-[7]. The citations in this chapter correspond to the example

reference entries in Appendix E, so you can check them against their reference.

We start our numbers at [1] and move up from there. Once a source has been cited

and numbered, the same number is used for the rest of the paper. When we have multiple

citations, we can list them in separate sets of brackets, separated by a comma or a dash

[1], [4], [5]-[6]. Use a comma when citing multiple numbers out of order [2], [4], [6]. Use

a dash when citing multiple numbers in a row [1]-[2], [4]-[7].

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APPENDIX E

EXAMPLE IEEE REFERENCES

The following are example references for IEEE. Note that all references should

appear in the reference section—this is only to provide an example of how to format

various resources. Note that this appendix is not a replacement for the official IEEE

manual and should be used as a cheat-sheet only.

These citations all use the Word style “References.” Please be sure to use a

hanging indent, rather than hitting Enter and adjusting the indent. Your references should

contain zero Tabs.

Journals

Single Author

[1] W. T. Pooh, “Modelling flow and current on a blustery day,” The Many Adventures, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 7-10, 2002.

Two Authors

[2] W. T. Pooh and C. Robin, “Diversion and distraction in honey acquisition markets,” Letters on Bees, vol. 16, pp. 23-120, 1930.

Three or More Authors

[3] W. T. Pooh, C. Robin, P. Let, E. Yore, and T. I. D. G. Er, “Rumblies, tumblies, and stumblies: Hypo-glycemia in T. ornatus,” Endogenic Studies in Ursa, vol. 13, no. 17, pp. 1090-1099, 1993.

27

Books

Number of Authors

Authors should be listed exactly as they are for journal articles. Please see the

section Journals for details on how to format single and multiple authors.

Basic Book Format

[4] D. Seuss, Stochasticity and Magical Thinking: Itemization Schemes of Mulberry St. Inventories. Fullerton, CA: Unpublishables Ltd, 1975.

Part of an Edited Volume

[5] C. I. T. Hat, T. W. Things, and T. Grinch, “Adversarial profiteering the barbaloot-snoot poaching,” in Neutrality in Negativity: New Perspectives, D. Seuss and M. Sendack, Eds. Truffula, XY: Onceler Presses, 1965, pp. 107-130.

Conference Proceedings

Published Paper Presented at Conference

[6] S. B. S. Pants, “Pressurization and liquefaction in basalt Moai,” in Proceedings of the International Conference of Invertebrates, 2004, pp. 16-90.

Unpublished Paper Presented at Conference

[7] P. Star, “High density bedrock-based construction techniques,” presented at 5th International Conference on Pentagraphic Life, Fullerton, California, 2000.

28

APPENDIX F

COMMON ERRORS HANDOUT

TOP FORMATTING ERRORS

The following list includes some of the most common mistakes found in a thesis or dissertation.

1. Make a backup of your paper! Backup the backup! Backup that backup!

2. Left margin must be set 1.5 inches on every page, including appendices.

3. Use left justification, with a ragged right edge, not block style (“justified”), throughout.

4. Margins for tables, figures, and graphs are the same as for text.

5. Be consistent in heading and subheading format; do not mix and match.

6. Set your headers and footers at one inch—page number placement is actually at .5 inch.

7. Dashes should look like this—with no space between the dash and the word.

8. Ellipsis dots take a space before and after, like this: . . . , not like this: …. You can set this correctly in Tools, AutoCorrect, before you begin, or find and replace when you are done.

9. Use Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) for 10 and above unless it is the start of a sentence. Use words for numbers nine and below, and at the start of sentences. Exceptions to this include specific references (e.g., “Chapter 1,” not “Chapter One,” or “Test 1,” not “Test One”).

10. “Commas and periods,” it is cautioned, “always go inside quotation marks.” This includes quotes of single “words.”

11. Single quotes “stay ‘inside’ double” quotations.

12. Parenthetical statements start with (curved parentheses [but can have square brackets inside of them]).

13. Parenthetical statements at the end of sentences with citations should receive separate parentheses (like this) (Citation, Year).

14. Preliminary page “dot leaders” as used in the Table of Contents, List of Tables, and List of Tables, must not enter the page column. Dots are not periods; use tab and the template will automatically insert them.

29

15. Ensure that all equal, greater than, and less than signs have a space before and after in equations in text and in tables.

16. When using statistical variables, be sure to use italics appropriately (p value, t test, M, SD, R2, etc.)

17. Use the Oxford, or serial, comma when listing three or more items.

18. When a sentence has multiple citations, they should be listed in alphabetical or chronological order, as listed in your selected style guide.

19. If you are not sure, ask! It is always easier to get it right from the beginning than to correct it.

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APPENDIX G

PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST

Basics

I have read the Thesis Manual.

The style designated by my advisor is __________________________________

All committee changes have been incorporated into my document.

All committee comments have been removed from my document.

I have copied my contents into the Thesis Template.

Formatting

The text is Times New Roman and 12-point, with exceptions only for tables, figures, and footnotes.

All page numbers are in the same font size and style as used in the template.

All landscape pages have been formatted correctly using the example in the template.

All required preliminary pages are included and are properly formatted.

Table of Contents, List of Tables, and List of Figures have the correct page numbers listed.

The first page of body text is numbered 1 in Arabic numerals.

All chapters begin on a new page.

Subheading levels 1 and 2 are listed in the Table of Contents.

Appendices are listed in the Table of Contents.

If a section has subheadings, there are at least two subheadings in a given section.

All body text is double-spaced with no additional space before or after paragraphs.

Tables and Figures

Tables and Figures are single spaced with two blank single-spaced lines above and below.

All in-text citations have a corresponding entry in the References section.

All items listed in the references have at least one direct citation in the text-body.

31

Direct quotations have page numbers, paragraph numbers, or timestamps.

References are single-spaced with one extra blank line between each entry.

Reference entries have been double-checked for proper formatting.

Tables and figures that are not my original work have a reference attached.

All tables, figures, and appendices have cues (e.g., “See Figure 2 . . . ”).

All tables, figures, and appendices are listed in the correct numerical (or alphabetical) order.

Body table titles are listed in the List of Tables.

Body figure captions are listed in the List of Figures.

There are no blank spaces over a quarter-page except before new chapters.

Tables that can fit on one page are not split between two pages.

Table and figure text are not below 10-point font.

Tables are all mead with Word’s Table feature.

I have completed all formatting and editing to the very best of my abilities.

32

REFERENCES

Begin your references here. You may title this section (Bibliography, References, Works Cited, etc.) as your committee chooses or as stated in your chosen style manual. Otherwise, please default to “References.”

Please see Appendices B-E for example citations for APA and IEEE but note that these appendices are not a substitute for using your style’s official manual.

If you are comfortable with styles in Microsoft Word, these are formatted “References.” For a quick primer on styles, see Styles in Chapter 1. By highlighting all your references and changing them to “References,” you should be able to quickly format your text.

All sources must begin flush left, with a hanging indent of .5.” Please do not hit Enter at the end of the first line of each reference—instead, use Word’s Hanging Indent feature. Your references should contain zero Tabs.

Entries are single-spaced with an extra blank line between them.

If you have been using citation management software (e.g., EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero, Word’s built-in citation features), please ensure that your references are static (not changing) and not a field block within the version you submit. If I receive automatically generated citations, I may disable the automatic formatting and send them back to be redone.

Be sure to proofread your work thoroughly and follow your designated documentation style guide.

If you would like help formatting your citations, please reach out to me (ecossaboom@fullerton.edu). While I cannot create your citations or find missing information for you, I can help you have an easier time working with Word.