CDMA Overview

ZTE UniversityCDMA BSS T&D Team

Objective

Mobile Communication development history CDMA evolution history CDMA features and advantages CDMA spectrum allocation Role of ZTE in CDMA

Evolution of Mobile Communication System

LTE

Long Term Evolution (LTE), also called E-UTRA/E-UTRAN, and 3GPP2 UMB are named Evolved 3G (E3G).

LTE is based on the OFDM technology. To reduce the user-plane delay, LTE has no the Radio Network Controller (RNC). To a certain extent, LTE is a revolution of the communication field rather than an evolution.

The “revolution” makes the system inevitably losing the compatibility of networks and terminals. Thus, the devices at the network side and terminal side must be updated and replaced. According to the technology classification, LTE belongs to the scope of 4G.

LTE

CDMA2000 Evolution History

CDMA Status in the World

The 281 operators in the 106 countries have selected CDMA2000 as their own 3G platform.By the end of 2008, more than 50% CDMA2000 operators have provided the mobile broadband services based on the EVDO.

ZTE Leading Position in CDMA

1. The first to sign the research protocols with Qualcomm 2. The first to gain the network access certificate of the BS3. The first to commission the commercial office of the CDMA

BS devices in China4. The first to produce the CDMA set-card separation handset 5. The first to get through the cdma2000-1x voice call

1. The earliest research 2. The largest investment3. The most fruitful achievements4. The full experiences

1. Participates in standard making and subject research. 2. One of the formal members of CWTS3. One of the formal members of 3GPP and 3GPP24. One of the Qualcomm IPR negotiation group members 5. Directly participates in and formulates:

• 800 MHz CDMA Cellular Mobile Device Test Specifications: BS Part

• 800 MHz CDMA Cellular Mobile Communication Network: Mobile Application Part Test Specifications.

6. Undertakes two items of “863” national high-tech key projects about the 3G mobile communication research.

CDMA Features and Advantages (1)

AMPS, D-AMPS, N-AMPS

CDMA

30 30 10 kHz

200 kHz

1250 kHz

1 3 1 Users

8 Users

20 Users1

1

11

1

11

11

1

11

1

1

1 23

4

43

2

56

17

Typical Frequency Reuse N=7

Typical Frequency Reuse N=4

Typical Frequency Reuse N=1

Vulnerability:C/I @ 17 dB

Vulnerability:C/I @ 12-14 dB

Vulnerability:Eb/No @ 6--7 dB

GSM

The simple wireless network plan

The high coefficient of frequency reuse

The simple engineering design

The easy and convenient capacity expansion

1

CDMA Features and Advantages (2)

The Large coverage range, twice larger than the standard GSM; less BSs deployed in the same coverage range to save the investment

2

For the 1000 km2 coverage, the GSM needs 200 BSs while the CDMA only needs 50 BSs. (Note: The exact results needs “Link Budget”).

Example

CDMA Features and Advantages (3)

FDMA: Different users use the different frequencies, such as TACS and AMPS.

TDMA: Different users use the different time slots of one frequency, such as GSM and DAMPS.

CDMA: All users on the same time and same frequency gain different TCHs according to various spreading codes.

High spectrum capacity: Under the same spectrum, the capacity is 8-10 times larger than the AMPS and 4-6 times larger than the GSM.

3

CDMA Features and Advantages (4)

Good concealing, high privacy and hard to wiretap4

CDMA Features and Advantages (5)

CDMA: For the cell/sector handoff, adopts the “make before break” soft/softer handoff mode, effectively decreasing the call drop.

Other wireless systems: For the cell/sector handoff, adopts the “make after break” hard handoff mode, easy to generate the call drop.

Adopts the unique soft handoff technology to decrease the call drop rate.5

CDMA Features and Advantages (6)

Provides the high-qualify voice Uses the 8KQCELP, 8KEVRC and 13KQCELP voice coding

technology Fulfills the favorable background noise suppression function.

6

Small transmission power ：Power control, voice activation

CDMA Features and Advantages (7)Adopts the perfect power control and voice activation technologies to decrease the handset transmission power, to increase the system capacity and to prolong the battery lifetime, which has little effect on the user’s health, therefore also called a green handset.

7

Technology Mechanism

Average Transmission Power

Maximum Transmission Power

GSM 125mW 2W

CDMA 2mW 200mW

CDMA Features and Advantages (8)Full high-speed packet structure: Easy to smoothly update to the 3G platform. 8.1

Smoothly update to the 3G! For operators, the minimum loss wins the maximum benefit!

8.2

• Upgrades software.

• Replaces handsets to obtain new services.

• Zero-cost

95A 95A 95B 95B• Adds the 1X

channel board.• Upgrades

software.• Replaces

handsets to obtain new services.

• Is determined by requirements of new services.

95B 95B 1X 1X• Adds the 1XEV

channel board.• Upgrades

software.• Replaces

handsets to obtain new services.

• Is Determined by requirements of new services.

1X 1X 1XEV 1XEV

Technical

Economical

800MHz Spectrum Assignment

1

334

667

991

1023

333

666

715

799

716

ChannelNumbers

A Band B Band A’A” B’

1019 37 78 119 160 201 242 283 384 425 466 507 548 589 630 691 777

CDMA A-Band Carriers CDMA B-Band Carriers

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 9 8

* **** Requires frequency coordination with non-cellular interferers

** Requires frequency coordination with A-band carrier

A Band Primary Channel 283A Band Secondary Channel 691

B Band Primary Channel 384B Band Secondary Channel 777

736

Frequency point

BS receiving (Uplink): 825.00+0.03NBS transmitting (downlink): 870.00+0.03N

Center frequency

CDMA Network Architecture

Circuit Switched (CS) domain

HLRe

MSCe GMSCe

GMGWMGW

IP transport

Core Network

Packet Switched (PS) domain

IP backboneNetwork HA

PDSN/FA

AAA

otherNetwork

BSSB

Internet

Access Network

BBU BSCB

ZTE CDMA Service Supply

Network optimization simulation

Netw

orking plan

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BH

LH

B

B

GF

H

BH

GB

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Plan simulation

Maintenance optimization: network performance check

Wireless engineering optimization

ZTE CDMA Product Supply

Summary

CDMA Development Overview CDMA Features and

Advantages CDMA Frequency Allocation

Summary