تسلسل الرسل عليهم جميعا السالمتسلسل الرسل عليهم جميعا السالمحواء آدم
1ز قابيل
هابيل
إدريس
نوح
صالح
إبراهيم إسحاق
مدين
) الكوفة(قوم نوح جنوبي العراق
مدائن صالح والعال تيماءديار ثمود منطقة
حرقة بعد محولةولد بجنوب العراق، استقر بمدينة أور، قبل الميالد 1800نحو فلسطين ، انتقل الي حاران ثم ، سافر مع سارة بكوثي
، سافر مع ) بئر السبع(الي مصر ثم الي جنوب فلسطين مكة، تكررت زياراتة هاجر وابنة اسماعيل الي زوجه
بين مكة والخليل وفي إحدي الزيارات أمر اهللا ابراهيم ، ثم عاد الي الخليل ومات ودفن واسماعيل ببناء الكعبة
.بها
سارة 1ز
هاجر 2ز
اسماعيل
هبط آدم بالصفا وحواء بالمروة وقيل أيضا هبط هبط آدم بالصفا وحواء بالمروة وقيل أيضا هبط وقيل أيضا وقيل أيضا ) ) جزيرة سرنديب، سيالنجزيرة سرنديب، سيالن((بالهند بالهند
أهبط آدم بالهند وحواء بجدة واجتمعا في أهبط آدم بالهند وحواء بجدة واجتمعا في المزدلفة دفن آدم في جبل أبي قبس وقيل حملة المزدلفة دفن آدم في جبل أبي قبس وقيل حملة
جبريل علية السالم إلى جبل عرفات وتوفي جبريل علية السالم إلى جبل عرفات وتوفي ودفن عند سفح جبل أبي قبسودفن عند سفح جبل أبي قبس
69
9
43
2
1
ولد إدريس بمصر وقيل ولد ببابل وهاجر الى مصر ، . مدينة188أنشئت في زمانة
مساآن عاد في أرض األحقاف، شمال حضرموت ، قوم هوديعبدون األوثان وقوم عاد الذين هلكوا هم عاد األولي ، أما عاد الثانية فهم سكان اليمن وقيل هم ثمود
Hunters and gatherersHunters and gatherersNomadic tribesNomadic tribesSparse populationsSparse populationsNo towns, villages, citiesNo towns, villages, cities
Crude tools, pottery, ornaments.
Appearance of urban societyAppearance of urban society3000 3000 –– 2000 B.C.2000 B.C.
Appearance of cities; Egyptian Appearance of cities; Egyptian societysocietyRise of Egypt as an (incredible) engineering Rise of Egypt as an (incredible) engineering societysociety–– Driven by class society and need for Driven by class society and need for
infrastructure to support.infrastructure to support.–– Also driven by pharaohs of time;Also driven by pharaohs of time;
Great Pyramid of Great Pyramid of CheopsCheops ((From about 2700 to 2500 B.C.)From about 2700 to 2500 B.C.); 2.3 ; 2.3 million cut blocks weighing 5,000 pounds each. Pyramid million cut blocks weighing 5,000 pounds each. Pyramid stands 481 ft high. Joints less than 0.02 inches in widthstands 481 ft high. Joints less than 0.02 inches in width
Appearance of urban societyAppearance of urban society3000 3000 –– 2000 B.C.2000 B.C.
Increase in wealth, extension of Increase in wealth, extension of political power, growth in trade, political power, growth in trade, required urban infrastructure, required urban infrastructure, stimulated engineeringstimulated engineeringKnowledge gained was empirical, Knowledge gained was empirical, gained from experience, and gained from experience, and handed down to next generationhanded down to next generation
History of EngineeringHistory of Engineering
2020thth centurycenturyAge of Automatic ControlAge of Automatic ControlThe Information AgeThe Information Age88
Tea is the Tea is the most popular most popular beverage in beverage in
ChinaChina
Ch'ingCh'ing DynastyDynastyFrom: From: 16441644
To: To: 19121912
China becomes a republicChina becomes a republic19111911
Chinese Communist party foundedChinese Communist party founded19211921
Troops kill student protesters in Beijing's Troops kill student protesters in Beijing's Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square19891989
TaipingTaipingrebellion rebellion
against the against the ManchusManchus
War with War with Britain over Britain over
opium tradingopium trading
Chinese Dynasties Chinese Dynasties -- 44
5
Birth of Greek Science Birth of Greek Science 600 600 –– 300 B.C.300 B.C.
Discovery of scienceDiscovery of scienceRecorded scientific and philosophical Recorded scientific and philosophical knowledgeknowledgeEngineers and architects respected Engineers and architects respected members of societymembers of societyRomans adopt Greek science and Romans adopt Greek science and become master engineers (but rotten become master engineers (but rotten scientists)scientists)
Birth of Greek Science Birth of Greek Science 600 600 –– 300 B.C.300 B.C.
Engineering dominated by Greeks, Romans.Engineering dominated by Greeks, Romans.Engineering knowledge acquired by conquest Engineering knowledge acquired by conquest (development and refinement, not research)(development and refinement, not research)Greeks more mathematically rigorous Greeks more mathematically rigorous (Aristotle, Archimedes) than Romans, (Aristotle, Archimedes) than Romans, although Romans considered better although Romans considered better engineers.engineers.Accomplishments included, sophisticated Accomplishments included, sophisticated roads and aqueducts, turbine engine, roads and aqueducts, turbine engine, navigation, running water and sewage navigation, running water and sewage drainage, heated houses, public baths, etc.drainage, heated houses, public baths, etc.
Revolution in PowerRevolution in Power(Middle Ages)(Middle Ages)
Up to this time, power supplied by slave Up to this time, power supplied by slave laborlaborEngineers harness power from three Engineers harness power from three sourcessources
Revolution in PowerRevolution in Power(Middle Ages)(Middle Ages)
11stst –– 1616thth CenturiesCenturies–– Fall of Roman empire.Fall of Roman empire.–– Engineering dominated by Arabs, Chinese, Engineering dominated by Arabs, Chinese,
and Italians.and Italians.–– Accomplishments included paper, new Accomplishments included paper, new
smelting processes, waterwheels and smelting processes, waterwheels and windmills, movable type printing press, windmills, movable type printing press, telescope, gunpowdertelescope, gunpowder
6
Rise of Modern ScienceRise of Modern Science1717thth CenturyCentury
Rediscovery of Greek scienceRediscovery of Greek scienceNewton, Galileo, Descartes, etc. Newton, Galileo, Descartes, etc. establish strong foundationestablish strong foundationTools of science and engineering Tools of science and engineering (telescope, microscope, barometer, (telescope, microscope, barometer, calculus, analytic geometry, etc.)calculus, analytic geometry, etc.)Truss and suspension bridges, canals, Truss and suspension bridges, canals, harbors, municipal engineering, pumps, harbors, municipal engineering, pumps, etc.etc.
1717thth and 18and 18thth CenturiesCenturies–– Dominated by EuropeDominated by Europe–– Accomplishments included scientific and Accomplishments included scientific and
engineering methods, canals and locks, ship engineering methods, canals and locks, ship design, fundamental theoretical design, fundamental theoretical frameworksframeworks
7
Steam and the industrial revolutionSteam and the industrial revolution1818thth CenturyCentury
Invention of the steam engine and Invention of the steam engine and industrial equipmentindustrial equipmentMass production, steamMass production, steam--powered powered transportation (locomotives and paddle transportation (locomotives and paddle wheelers) spurred growth in canals, wheelers) spurred growth in canals, bridges, roads, railroadsbridges, roads, railroadsMaterials science, refined steel Materials science, refined steel ––bridges, transportationbridges, transportation
Electricity and the beginning ofElectricity and the beginning ofapplied science applied science (19(19thth Century)Century)
““RediscoveryRediscovery”” of electricity and of electricity and electromagnetismelectromagnetismElectrical generation and distribution, Electrical generation and distribution, batteries, telecommunications (telegraph)batteries, telecommunications (telegraph)SkyscrapersSkyscrapers1919thth CenturyCentury–– Dominated by United StatesDominated by United States–– Mass production, iron refinement, steam engine, Mass production, iron refinement, steam engine,
railroadsrailroads
8
Age of automatic controlAge of automatic control2020th & th & 2121stst CenturyCentury
Manned, powered flightManned, powered flightMass produced carsMass produced carsInformation AgeInformation Age–– Proliferation of computer technologyProliferation of computer technology
Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome ProjectGenetic engineeringGenetic engineeringNeural regenerationNeural regenerationBionicsBionics
–– Massive, almost exponential increase in scientific and Massive, almost exponential increase in scientific and engineering knowledgeengineering knowledge
–– Examples, Nylon, nuclear energy, solid state electronics, Examples, Nylon, nuclear energy, solid state electronics, jet aircraft, lasers, satellites, space explorationjet aircraft, lasers, satellites, space exploration
