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Storage Networking Boot Camp

Storage Networking Architectures

Module 2

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Outline

Storage Architectures

Comparing Solutions

Storage Transport Protocols

SNIA Shared Storage Model

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Direct-Attached Storage

Traditional way of implementing storage Storage is managed by a single host

Other hosts must access the storage through asingle host, over the LAN

Direct-attachedinternal storage Direct-attached

external storage

Direct-attached

external storage

SCSI

Fibre Channel

Tape Device

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Network-Attached Storage

Provides access to a file system over the LAN

NAS devices contain a thin server thatimplements a host-independent file system

NAS appliance

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NAS Strengths andLimitations

Relatively inexpensive

Ease of management

Easily installed Does not have to be

implemented like a SAN

More scalable and

reliable than DAS Accessible by any host

OS anywhere on thenetwork

Can cause high trafficloads on the LAN

Most NAS solutions areoptimized for file-levelstorage

The NAS server can be

a bottleneck Still dealing with TCP/IP

New TCP/IP acceleratorsbecoming common

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Storage Area Network

Servers and stand-alone storage devices, connectedby a dedicated network

Any server can be configured to access any StorageArray

Servers and storage can scale independently

Storagearray

Tapedevice

Server

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SAN Strengths andLimitations

Servers and storage canscale independently

Does not impact and isnot impacted by LANtraffic

Provides higheravailability

Best overall ROI

Initial implementationcosts more than NAS

Can be complex tomanage

Requires specializedtraining

Interoperability is anissue in heterogeneousenvironments

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Outline

Storage Architectures

Comparing Solutions

Storage Transport Protocols

SNIA Shared Storage Model

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Comparing Architecture

Storage arrayNAS server

SAN

Host

File System

Application

DAS

File System

Application

NAS

Host

Application

File System

File I/O

Block I/O

LAN

SANHost

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Comparing Features

File I/O Block I/O

Built-in heterogeneousplatform support

Heterogeneous platformsupport is not yet mature

Capacity scaling mightrequire multiple NAS servers

Servers and storage canscale independently

Client/server file storageFile Sharing

Database applications

Can be limited by LANbandwidth

Storage does notcompete with LAN traffic

Cross-platformsupport

Scalability

Most commonusage

Cost

Performance

Built-in RAID, redundant

network ports, snapshots

Synchronous disaster-

tolerant configurationsAvailability

Ease of individual appliancemanagement

Requires specialized skillset

Management

SANNAS

StorageAccess

Higher start-up costs;management costs vary

Lower start-up costs, lowmanagement costs

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Scalability

Availability

SAN

NAS

DAS

Scalability and Availability

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Op

erational

Cost

Implementation Cost

SAN

NAS

DAS

Cost Comparison

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Outline

Storage Architectures

Comparing Solutions

Storage Transport Protocols

SNIA Shared Storage Model

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Storage Transport ProtocolsFibre Channel

Fibre Channel (FC) is a technology for transmittinghigh speed, block data I/O between devices. FC is:

Reliable

Cost-effective

High-speed

NOTE: Fibre Channel and SAN are not synonymous

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Channels and Networks

I/O Channel (e.g. SCSI)

xFew devices

x Static addressing

Low latency

x Short distances

Hardware-baseddelivery management

Many devices

Dynamic addressing

x High latencyLong distances

xSoftware-baseddelivery management

Network (e.g. Ethernet)

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Channels and Networks

Fibre Channel is both a channel and a network

It provides the best of both channels and networks:

Many devices

Dynamic addressingLow latency

Long distances

Hardware-baseddelivery management Fibre Channel

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Why Fibre Channel?

Far more scalable than DAS:

More bandwidth

Longer distances

Many more devices

Proven and reliable

Supports many applications

Based on open standards

Wide industry support

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Why Fibre Channel?

Fibre Channel carries, or encapsulates, other

communication protocols:

Fibre Channel can carry multiple protocolssimultaneously to support a variety of applications

SCSI-3

IP

FICON

VI

Fibre Channel

IP

HiPPI

SCSI-3

FICON (SBCCS)

FC-VI

FC-AV

FC-AE

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IP Storage

iSCSI or iFCP

Fibre Channel

Multi-protocolswitch or router

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SAN Extension

DistributedFibre Channel SAN

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ESCON/FICON

ESCON:

Enterprise Systems Connection

Older storage networking technology for IBM mainframes

FICON:

FICON is IBMs mainframe enterprise version of Fibre

Channelshares same network layers Director switches can support FICON and FC

Some edge switches support FICON

FICON mainframe and storage Director switch FC hosts and storage

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Outline

Storage Architectures

Comparing Solutions

Storage Transport Protocols

SNIA Shared Storage Model

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As a basis for common definitions, communications,

understanding and increased interoperability

To place products in the space

of architectures and clarify

product differences

To understand and compare

vendor offerings

VendorsCustomers

The Storage Industry

SNIA Shared Storage Model

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Layered View

DAS SAN NAS

File/record

layer

Block

layer

Storage

Devices

NAS

head

Diskarray

NASserver

Host

Host

Host

Host

SAN

LAN

Applications

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F

ile/record

layer

Block

layer

Storage

Devices

Device

Host

StorageDom

ain

Files/Databases

Packing many

smaller things into afew larger ones..

Block Layer

Storage Devicesdisk drives, tapedrives, solid statedisk

Block

Aggregation

Block Aggregationaddress mapping,concatenation,striping, mirroring

Network

Applications

Database(dbms)

File system(FS)

Storage Domain

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Review Questions

1. Which architecture(s) is/are optimized forblock-level data transfer?

2. Which architecture(s) incur(s) low initial

cost, but high recurring costs?3. What are the advantages of SAN over

NAS? (Choose two.)

4. What is the purpose of the SNIA Shared

Storage Model? (Choose three)

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29INFINITY I/ODiscussion

How can DAS, NAS, and SANco-exist in the same data center?

What applications are suitable for

each storage architecture?