03_energy Efficient Lighting

7/30/2019 03_energy Efficient Lighting

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The Energy

Efficient


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With the advancement of technology, theworld has become too much dependenton artificial lighting. In fact, to light up the

world with electricity, it has beenestimated that 2.1 trillion kilowatt-hour

lighting alone or the equivalent of 1000power plant. This means that for lighting

alone, the world emits an additional2,893 million tons of CO2 annually inthe atmosphere for the generation of

electricity.


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In the Philippines, the Department ofEnergy (DOE) estimates that at least154 billion kilowatt-hour of energy will

be needed in the next decade forlighting, unless the market and theend-users transform fast enough to

more efficient lightings, thePhilippines may contribute as muchas 84,546,000 tons of CO2 in the

greenhouse gas emission during this10-year period.


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2. OBJECTIVES

a. This presentation aims to encouragethe lighting users to be a catalyzing

force to accelerate the obsolescenceof inefficient lightings.

.type of lighting fixtures and generatesavings on energy expenditures,enhance energy security andcontribute to global effort to slowdown global warming.


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3. Discussion

Generation of electricity is one of thelargest source of CO2 emission in the

world. The combustion of fossil fuel suchas coal is the primary source ofemission. Coal su lies 57% of the total

energy harnessed to generate electricity.Presence of too much CO2 in theatmosphere will create greenhouse

effect on earth which in turn causeglobal warming and climate change.


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3.1 Definition of termsLuminous Flux

All the radiated power emitted by a light

source and perceived by the eyes.


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ILLUMINANCE/ILLUMINATION

The measure of the amount of lightfalling on a surface. Unit ofmeasurement- LUX


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Luminous Efficacy

Refers to the efficiency withwhich the electrical powerconsumed is converted into li ht.

The unit of measurement islumens per watt (lm/w).


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3.2 Most Commonly Used Types of

Lamps Today.a. Incandescent Lamps

Produce light by the passage of anelectric current through a filament whichheat it into incandescence.

. ec r c sc arge ampsProduce light by the passage of anelectric current through a vapor or gas.

- Low intensity discharge lamps.

- High intensity discharge lamps.


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The fluorescent lamps A glass tube coated with phosphor on its

inside surface and filled with argon gas or

sometimes a mixture of argon and kryptonwith a small amount of mercury inside.

Types of fluorescent lamps

T12 38 mm diameter T 10 32 mm diameter

T 8 - 26 mm diameter

T5 - 16 mm diameter

T2 - 7 mm diameter


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Linear Tubular Fluorescent Lamps

The most common used old type 1.2 m

40 watt fluorescent lamp (F40T12) is filledwith argon gas. It uses halophosphorcoatin . The newer 36 watts T8 FL has

basically the same construction althoughsmaller in diameter and is filled with argon orsometimes mixture of argon and krypton. Its

coating is either halophosphor or triphosphor.

The newest T5 uses only triphosphor.


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Advantage of using triphosphor lamps

Fluorescent coating is subjected to naturalageing during its lamp life which results into

decrease in luminous flux, but with the useof triphosphor coating, this disadvantagehas been minimized and 90% of its luminous

ux s ma n a ne even a er , rs ooperation. In addition triphosphor lampsensures lower power consumption to

generate more light, and fewer lamps toproduce same brightness.


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Linear fluorescent lamp comparison

No. Parameters 28 W T8TriphosphorFluorescent

Lamp

32 W T8TriphosphorFluorescent

Lamp

32 W T8Standard

FluorescentLamp

36 W T8TriphosphorFluorescent

lamp

36 W T8Standard

FluorescentLamp

40 W T12Standard

FuorescentLamp

1 Rating 28 W 32 W 32 W 36 W 36 W 40 W

2 Length 1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m 1.2 m

3 Diameter 26 mm 26 mm 26 mm 26 mm 26 mm 38 mm

4 Life Time 26,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 8,000 8,000rs. rs. rs. rs. rs. rs.

5 Luminousflux

2725 lm 2950 lm 2700 lm 3250 lm 2600 lm 2500 lm

6 Efficiency 97.32

lumens/watts

92.18

Lumens/watts

84.38

Lumens/watts

90.27

Lumes /watts

72.22

Lumens/watts

62.50

Lumens/watts


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T5 Linear fluorescent lamp

One significant change introduce in thissystem is the lamp length and wattagesare different to those available with

either T8 or T12 fluorescent lamps.These lamps available in lengths whichare approximately 50 mm shorter than

lamps.

T5 lamps are more environmentallyfriendly than T8 or T12 because of itsreduce diameter thus reduce mercurycontent.


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Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)

By the name itself CFL are basically

fluorescent lamps with phosphor coatinginside and little amount of mercury with

- .

shape and appearance, CFL can be fittedin a standard E27 screw-in socket and itcan be directly substituted to anincandescent bulb.


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Comparison between CFL and

Incandescent Lamps

Types oflamp

Wattage Rating and Equivalent AverageLight Output

Averagelife in hrs.

CFL 5 Wto 6W

7 W to8W

9 WTo

12 W

13 WTo

14 W

15 WTo

18 W

22 WTo

23 W

5,000To

8,000

Light output inlumens

240To

260

350To

400

460To

570

760To

800

820To

990

1280To

1300

Incandescentlamp 25 40 50 60 75 100 750To 1000

Light output inlumens

200 390 520 720 890 1300


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Energy Efficient Fluorescent

BallastTo generate light output from fluorescent

lamp, ballast is needed. Good qualityballast accounts for 15% of lamp andballast energy consumption while poor

u y u30% . It is therefore very important toconsider energy efficient ballast when

choosing lamp and ballast combination.


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Ballast Loss Comparison

Type of Ballast 18/20 wattsFluorescent Lamp

36/40 wattsFluorescent Lamp

ConventionalElectromagnetic

10-12 watts 12-20 watts

Low-lossElectromagnetic

6-8 watts 6-8 watts

Electronic 2-4 watts 2-4 watts


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Cost Effectiveness in Re-lamping

using efficient lightingsReplacing 2 x 40W T12 FL with 2 x 32 W T8

FL electronic ballast

Existing2 x 40W FL

Replacement2 x 32 W FL

No of fixtures considered 500 500

Total lamp and ballast wattage 100 70

Total light load ( kW) 50 kW 35kW

Ener consum tion @ 6000 hrs/ ear 300,000 kWh 210,000 kWh

Energy savings per year 90,000 kWh

Annual monetary savings @ Php 10/kwh P900,000.00

Investment

32W FL costs Php 250.00/pc 250,000.00

Electronic ballast @ Php 1000/pc. 500,000.00

Total investment 750,000.00

Payback (years)0.8 YEAR


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LED Light Emitting Diode

The newest lighting technology in the markettoday are the LEDs. It is known as thegreen light because it does not containharmful gasses and more environmentfriendly.

application within the lighting community.Research of many companies areunderway to deploy LEDs even further.The ultimate goal is to move this speciallight source into common usage forgeneral lighting.


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Recommendation

Stop using inefficient lights now

Lets retrofit our lighting systemtoday and contribute to the globaleffort to slowdown lobal

warming.

LETS GIVE OUR CHILDREN A

SAFE ENVIRONMENT TO

LIVE IN.


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Engr. Amando D. Lanuza, [email protected]: MANUAL OF PRACTICE ON EFFICIENT LIGHTINGPublished by: IIEE,inc. and DOE

Date post:	14-Apr-2018
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