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Query Introduction
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Learning Objectives
After completing this section you will be able to Explain what a query is
Describe parts of the query designer screen
Locate cubes and their contents
Identify key figures and characteristics
Build a simple query
Save a simple query
Describe query naming conventions
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InfoCubes, Queries, Workbooks
PresentationServer
Application
Server
Database
Server
Analyzerpresentsandmanipulates . . .
InfoCube
Data
QueryDefinition
Workbooks
Business Explorer
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Queries
Reference only one InfoCube
No limitation to the number of queries per InfoCube
Extract data from an InfoCube based on a selection of
characteristics and key figures
Can contain global variables, restrictions, formulas andstructures
Allow creation of new local restrictions, formulas and structures
Contain drag and drop features – lets user organize
characteristic and key figures to define report Are displayed within a workbook
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Query Contents
1 62
34
5
Key Figures
&Characteristics
Filter
Free
CharacteristicsColumns
Rows Format
The Cube The Query
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Query Contents (continued)
All characteristics and key figures contained in anInfoCube are listed in Pane 1
Contains characteristics that will be displayed in
the report (Shown on the vertical axis)
Contains key figures and characteristics (Shown onthe horizontal axis)
Additional characteristics are contained in this
area. They are not initially displayed in the report,
but can be added, filtered and/or navigated
Contains report filters that can be based on values
and/or variables
Displays report format
1
2
4
3
5
6
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Key Figures (Cube Contents – Pane 1)
Represented by the key figure icon
Contain values or quantities
Three types of key figures
Basic – Data directly from the cube Calculated - A value determined by a formula
Restricted - Restricts the value of a basic key figure by
characteristic (Example: Expense for the first two months
of the year)
Defined for a specific cube by SAP or BW team
1 62
34
5
QueryCube
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Characteristics (Cube Contents Pane 1)
Represented by characteristic icon
Classification of the data set
Examples include:
Vendor
Material
Plant
Cost Center
Cost Element Fiscal Period
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34
5
QueryCube
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Rows, Columns, & Report Format (Panes 2, 3, & 6)
Key figures & characteristics (pane 1)are placed in rows (pane 2)
and columns (pane 3)
Query developer can see what report
will look like (pane 6) prior to running
As changes are made to contents of rows and
columns, the report format reflects those changes
4
5
QueryCube
21
3
6
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Free Characteristics (Pane 4)
Represent data not initially displayed,but available to the report
Contain the fields that appear in
the ‘Navigation Block’ of the workbook
Are available for drill down which will
cause them to be included in the report
Once added, report may be sorted, filtered,
arranged etc. by the free characteristic
2
5
QueryCube
1
4
6
3
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Filters (Pane 5)
Provide a method to restrict datain the query
Characteristics and key figures
may be used as filters
Values or variables can beassigned as a filter
Query will retrieve only data that is specified in the
filter value or variable
Filter value: Hard coded in the query – not available for userinput
Filter variable: Available for user input on the selection screen
4
QueryCube
1
53
62
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Group Discussion
What is the impact when a characteristic is placedin the:
Filter?
Free Characteristics?
Rows or Columns?
4
QueryCube
1
3
62
5
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Build a Query
Identify required data for report
Select the InfoCube that contains the required data
Queries can only extract data from a single InfoCube
Add characteristics and key figures to query
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Selecting a Cube
Click the ‘Open’ icon on the Business Analyzer
toolbar
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Selecting a Cube (cont.)
To see the technical name of the InfoCube, click the‘Technical Names’ icon
Cube technical name required when naming query
Cube Technical
Name
Icon
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Selecting a Cube (cont.)
To view cube contents, highlight a cube and click
‘New’
New
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Selecting a Cube (cont.)
The query designer displays the cube contents in
the left pane
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Selecting a Cube (cont.)
Expand ‘Dimensions’ to see available
characteristics
Dimensions logically organize characteristics
Characteristics are used in the queryDimension
Characteristic
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Selecting a Cube (cont.)
Expand ‘Key Figures’ to display available basic,
restricted and calculated key figures
All 3 types not available in every cube
Restricted Key
Figures
Basic Key Figures
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Building a Simple Query
Drag and drop characteristics and key figures into
(or out of) your query
Key figures / characteristics can be placed in either columns or
rows
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Building a Simple Query (cont)
Selection of key figures creates a local ‘structure’
Structure keeps key figures together when
building more detail in the query
navigating within a workbook
Key Figure Structure
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Building a Query (cont)
Format pane displays preview of report layout
Report Layout
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Group Discussion
How do you know what InfoCube to select whenbuilding a query?
Do key figures go in rows or columns? How about
characteristics?
What is the purpose of a local structure?
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Save the Query
Save the query by selecting the save iconon the query designer toolbar
A pop-up box appears – provide the query with both
a descriptive and a technical name
Technical Name
Descriptive Name
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Query Names Technical Names
Must be unique
Should always include the source cube technical name
Must contain query prefix
‘X’ = Power user ad-hoc queries
‘Y’ = Power user queries for multiple end users
Cannot contain dashes (-), but can contain underscores (_)
Descriptive Names
Do not have to be unique
Query name becomes report title in the workbook
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Save the Query(cont.)
Query can be saved under two folders
Favorites
Roles
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g Q y
Run the Query
Click the ‘Transfer query into workbook’ iconon the Query designer toolbar to run the report
Data is displayed in an excel workbook
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g y
To access the query designer again, click the‘Change Query’ icon on the Analyzer toolbar
and select ‘global definition’
Accessing your Query
Change Query
Query Designer
returns
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g y
Or…click the ‘Open’ icon on the Analyzer
toolbar and select the queries under Historyfolder.
Accessing your Query (cont.) – History button
Open
Search for
Query
Last 15 Queries you
opened will appear here
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Or…click the ‘Open’ icon on the Analyzer
toolbar and select the queries under Favoritesfolder.
Accessing your Query (cont.) – Favorites button
Open
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Accessing your Query (cont.) – Roles button
Or…click the ‘Open’ icon on the Analyzer
toolbar and select the queries under Roles
folder.
Open
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Or…click the ‘Open’ icon on the Analyzer
toolbar and select the queries under InfoAreasfolder.
Accessing your Query (cont.) – InfoAreas button
Open
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Accessing your Query (cont.)
May need to turn on ‘technical names’ to identifyyour query
Select query and click ‘Change’
Change
Query Designer
returns
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Query Design Practice
Demo
Exercise 1:
Create a simple query
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Group Discussion
Name some differences between a query’s technicalname and its descriptive name.
How can you re-open a query in the Query
Designer?
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Objectives Review
You should now be able to Explain what a query is
Describe parts of the query designer screen
Locate cubes and their contents
Identify key figures and characteristics
Build a simple query
Save a simply query
Describe query naming conventions