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Relative Density
Chapters 3.5
Relative Density
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Minimum Density
Pluviate soil fromheight of 25 mm
Vibrate for 8 minutes
Maximum Density
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Cleansand(0≤Fc ≤5%)
Sandw/fines(5≤Fc ≤15%)
Sandw/finesandclay(15≤Fc ≤30%)
Relative Density Correlations
0.072 1.53
Relative Density Correlations
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Soil Consistency
Chapter 3.6
BRICK MUDPLAYDOH(crumbly)
Atterberg Limits
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Liquid Limit Device
Liquid Limit Determination
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Plastic Limit Determination
⅛" thread
Fall Cone
20 mm penetration in 5 seconds @ LL
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Fall Cone
=38%
Fall Cone
~68%
~55%
PI=68%−55%=13%
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Shrinkage Limit
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AirVv = e
Shrinkage Limit
1
w/ms
w
i is
SL w w w V 100%m
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Shrinkage Limit
Dish starts out full !Note
m2 = ms
Activity
activity
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Activity
(unhydrated)(hydrated)
Liquidity Index
BRICK MUDPLAYDOH(crumbly)
w
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Plasticity Chart
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Shrinkage Limit
Soil 1: SL = 20 – 6 = 14
Soil 2: SL = 20 + 9 = 29+6-9
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(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Shrinkage Limit
Casagrande’s procedure for estimating the shrinkage limit.