09 - DPR for 5 MW Grid Connected PV Plant in Andhrapradesh.pdf

8/18/2019 09 - DPR for 5 MW Grid Connected PV Plant in Andhrapradesh.pdf

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Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 6

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................... 8

PROJECT AT A GLANCE .................................................................................. 13

1 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT .................................... 15

1.1 I NTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 15 1.2 POWER SCENARIO IN I NDIA ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ...... 16

1.3

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT .................................................................................................. 22

2 DETAILS ABOUT THE PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION IN ANANTAPURDISTRICT ............................................................................................ 25

2.1 I NTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 25 2.2 AREA AND POPULATION IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT ................................................................... 25 2.3 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE ............................................................................................................. 26 2.4 TEMPERATURE .............................................................................................................................. 26 2.5 PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION .................................................................................................. 27 2.6 LAND REQUIREMENT AND LAYOUT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .............................................. 29 2.7

LAND AVAILABILITY AND ACQUISITION FOR THE PROJECT ....................................................... 30

3 RADIATION DATA AND PROJECTED POWER GENERATION FROM THEPROJECT ACTIVITY ............................................................................. 31

3.1 SIMULATION REPORT OF THE POWER PLANT ............................................................................. 33

4 SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY .............................................................. 37

4.1 EXISTING SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................. 37 4.2 THIN FILM MODULES ................................................................................................................... 38

4.3

COMPARISON BETWEEN CRYSTALLINE, THIN FILM AND CPV .................................................. 38

TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................... 38 4.4 CONCLUSION ON SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY ......................................................................... 39

5 POWER PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA ....................................................... 40

5.1 DESIGN AND SIMULATION PROJECTIONS BY PVSYST ............................................................ 40 5.2 PV POWER PLANT ENERGY PRODUCTION ................................................................................. 41 5.3 PV POWER PLANT CAPACITY FACTOR ......................................................................................... 41 5.4 SELECTION OF INVERTER AND COMPONENTS ........................................................................... 42

5.5

SELECTION OF MONITORING SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 42 5.6 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CABLES AND JUNCTION BOXES AND ................................................... 43

6 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONETS OF THE POWER PLANT ............ 44

6.1 SOLAR PV MODULES ................................................................................................................... 45 6.2 CENTRAL INVERTORS .................................................................................................................. 45 6.1 MODULE MOUNTING SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 47 6 1 G 48


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8.2 TRANSFORMERS........................................................................................................................... 59 8.3 HT, LV & 11KV METERING PANEL .......................................................................................... 60 8.4 CABLES ........................................................................................................................................ 61

8.5

LT POWER CABLES ..................................................................................................................... 61 8.6 CONTROL CABLES ........................................................................................................................ 61

8.7 POWER EVACUATION CABLE ...................................................................................................... 62 8.8 GRID SYNCHRONIZATION SCHEME ............................................................................................ 62

9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS ............................... 63

9.1 DC SIDE OF THE POWER PLANT ................................................................................................. 63 9.2 AC SIDE OF THE POWER PLANT .................................................................................................. 63 9.3 MODE OF OPERATION ................................................................................................................. 64

9.4

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................. 65

9.5 SPARE PARTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ......................................................................................... 65 9.6 MAINTENANCE OF O & M MANUALS.......................................................................................... 66 9.7 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE PLANT ................................................. 66 9.8 TRAINING ..................................................................................................................................... 67

10 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ............... 68

11 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE POWER PLANT… 70

11.1 TRAINING ..................................................................................................................................... 71

11.2

PLANT OPERATION ORGANIZATION CHART .............................................................................. 72 11.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY ...................................................................................... 73

11.4 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................. 73 11.5 FINALIZATION OF THE EQUIPMENTS AND CONTRACTS ............................................................ 73 11.6 PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION ......................................................................................... 74 11.7 ERECTION AND COMMISSIONING PHASE .................................................................................. 75

12 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ........................ 76

12.1 PLANT OPERATION ...................................................................................................................... 77 12.2 SALABLE ELECTRICITY ................................................................................................................ 78 12.3

SALE PRICE OF ELECTRICITY...................................................................................................... 78

12.4 SALE PRICE OF CARBON CREDITS .............................................................................................. 78

LIST OF TABLES:

Table 1-1: Installed Capacity in MW in India at the End of 10th Plan ___________________ 17

Table 1-2: Installed Capacity in MW in India as of 31 Mar 2010 _______________________ 17

Table 1-3: Actual Power Supply Position _______________________________________________ 18 Table 1-4: Capacity Addition during 11th Plan (As Per Planning Commission) __________ 18

Table 1-5: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12 ________________________ 18

Table 1-6: Installed capacity of all states as on 31.03.2010 (in MW) __________________ 19

Table 1-7: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh at the End of 10th Plan ________ 19

Table 1-8: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh as of 31 Mar 2010 ____________ 20

Table 1-9: Actual Power Supply Position _______________________________________________ 20

Table 1-10: Projects planned for 11th Plan _____________________________________________ 20

Table 1-11: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12 21


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Table 7-7: Transformer specification for grid interfacing at 33/132 kV _________________ 56

Table 7-8: Monitoring system specification ____________________________________________ 57

Table 12-1: Project Cost Estimate _____________________________________________________ 76

Table 12-2: Assumptions supporting financial projections _____________________________ 80

Table 12-3: Estimation of Depreciation ________________________________________________ 82

Table 12-4: Projected Profitability,Balance Sheet,CF, IRR ands WC ____________________ 84

Table 12-5: Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) ______________________________ 88

List of Figures:

Figure 1: Location map of Anatapur district in India: ............................................................. 28

Figure 2: Map showing proposed project site within Anantapur ............ ............. ........... ..... 28

Figure 3:

Typical module mounting structure: .......................................................................... 47 Figure 4: Grid-Connect equipments ............................................................................................... 48

Annexure

1 Project site Photographs

2 Land ownership details of the proposed project

3 Contour map of the project site

4 Schematic diagram showing 5MWp Solar PV Plant Layout

5 Schematic of Control Room Layout

6 Schematic of earthing layout

7 Power Evacuation Scheme 5MWp to 33/132 kV substation

8 Incorporation certificate of Saisudhir Energy Limited

9 Memorandum and Articles of Association of Saisudhir Energy Limited


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ABBREVIATIONS

General

AB Air Breaker

ACB Air Circuit Breaker

AC Alternate current

ACSR Aluminum Conductors Steel Reinforced

BOS Balance of the System

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

CIS Copper Indium Selenium

CT Current Transformer

DAS Data Acquisition System

DC Direct Current

DP Double Pole

DPR Detailed Project Report

APTRANSCO Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation

HT High Tension

LT Low Tension

LV Low Voltage

MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

kWh Kilo Watt Hour

NO2 Nitrous Oxide

MCB Main Combiner Box / Miniature CircuitBreaker

MFM Multi Function Meters

PLF Plant Load Factor


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SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

SP Single Pole

VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker

XLPE Cross Linked Polyethylene

Units

% Percentage˚C Degree Centigrade

H Hour

Ha Hectare

Kg Kilogram

kV Kilo-Volt

kW kilo Watt

kWe kilo Watt electrical

kWp kilo Watt peak

Lt Liter

M Meter

m2 Square meter

m3 Cubic meter

Mg milli gram

Mm milli meter

MW Mega Watt

MWe Mega Watt electrical

Tons Tons


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INTRODUCTION

As the world broadens its portfolio of power options to meet growing energy

demands and increasingly stringent environmental concerns, solar power is

emerging as an attractive option. Of all the routes for conversion of solar into

useful energy, direct conversion of sunlight to electricity through solar

photovoltaic technology is well accepted. Solar photovoltaic has been

recognized as an important route for generation of substantial quantities of grid

quality power by utilizing the light energy of solar radiation.

SAISUDHIR Energy Limited (SSEL) a group company of SAISUDHIR

Infrastructures Limited is intent to develop solar photovoltaic power plant of

(SPV) power project at Veerapuram village of Anatapur district, in the State of

Andhra Pradesh.

SSEL intend to setup grid interactive solar power project based on Copper

Indium Selenium (CIS) modules also called as thin film modules. The project

activity is to install grid connected 5 MW solar power project. The full power

rating of the solar power plant shall be 5.0 +5% and -0% MW DC at standard

test conditions (STC) of 1000 W/sq meter sunlight and 25 degree centigrade.

The project is selected to install CIS modules which comply with IEC 61646 for

quality and IEC 61730 safety standards.


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The project envisages an investment of approx. Rs 650 million for the

installation of 5 MW solar power plant which would provide quantity power with

a power purchase price signed with NTPC's Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd or NVVN

which is the designated Nodal Agency under Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar

Mission (JNNSM) for procuring the solar power by entering into a Power

Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Solar Power Generation Project Developers. In

addition, the Power Project would generate direct and indirect employment

opportunities; create of civic facilities for establishment of ancillary industries.


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The average per capita consumption of energy in India is around 612 kW,

which is much lower than that of the developed countries like USA,

Europe, Australia, Japan etc. However, this figure is expected to rise

sharply due to high economic growth and rapid industrialization. Energy

is a necessity and sustainable renewable energy is a vital link in

industrialization and development of India. A transition from conventional

energy systems to those based on renewable resources is necessary to

meet the ever increasing demand for energy and to address

environmental concerns.

2. Thus, the present scenario needs for addition of major renewable energy

sources of energy for overall economic development of the country.

3. Solar Photovoltaic Power plant operates on the principle of the

photoelectric phenomenon - direct conversion of light to electricity. The

solar radiation incident upon a silicon-based semiconductor photovoltaic

cell produces direct electric current.

4. Photovoltaic cells are integrated into modules with a voltage of 6 - 12 V;

the electrically interconnected modules form solar systems with an output

voltage of 230 V.


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Construction services in the field of Water, Power, Buildings

Infrastructures, Solid Waste Management and Irrigation etc.,

6. SAISUDHIR builds the high-voltage electric transmission system that

helps to keep the lights on, business running and communities strong.

The company has played a major role in the complete preparation,

analysis, design, construction management and inspection of energy

structures, high voltage transmission lines and distribution systems

across the country.

7. SAISUDHIR has an in-house capability for designing Transmission Line

Towers & Switchyard Structures.

8. SAISUDHIR energy proposed to install a 5 MW Solar Photovoltaic (SPV)

power plant under phase I of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

(JNNSM) of new grid connected projects. The generated electricity will be

sold to NVVN with a long term Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The

company has already entered into a PPA agreement with NVVN.

9. This report highlights the details of the proposed power generation

scheme, site facilities, solar radiation in the proposed site location and

water, evacuation of generated power, features of main plant and

equipment including the inverter system, electrical systems,

environmental aspects, estimate of capital cost and the financial analysis


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11. The plant is designed with an availability factor of 100%. The plant will

generate about 9.63 million units per year at the module array terminals,

after the losses in the system about 9.32 million units will be available at

the grid terminals which will amount to a plant load factor of about

21.28 %. The project site was selected on the basis of:

• Availability of good solar insulation

• Availability of uninhabited land at a reasonable cost

• Availability of stable grid near to the project site

• High Power Demand in the State

• Availability of good infrastructural facility including road and rail

connection

12. The power generated at 11kV from the power plant will be stepped-up to

33 kV level and connected to APPCL sub-station at Raydurg, which is

about 10 km from the project site. The total power produced is envisaged

as 9.63 million units at the PV array. After the losses the net available

energy for supplying to the grid is about 9.32 million units. Thus, the net

salable electricity to the grid works out to 9.32 million units. The plant is

envisaged to operate 365 days at a plant load factor (PLF) of 21.28%.

The transmission line required from the SSEL 5 MW plant site to the

substation will be laid by the project promoters.

13 Th l t ill i f IEC 61646 d l f CIS thi fil


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of MS galvanized steel with 8 module structure, fixed tilt type, 80 nos of

array junction boxes, Power conditioning unit (inverter) 10 nos of 500

kVA, 1.25 MVA transformer 5 nos, 6.5 MVA transformer 1 no for

interfacing with grid, LT and HT Panel and protection and metering,

cables and earthing system set.

14. The net energy sales from the plant workout 9.32 million units. The

entire energy will be sold to NVVN through APTransco grid. The financial

analysis is made with a levelised power purchase price of Rs. 12.00 /

kWh.

15. The total cost of generation includes the insurance cost, repairs and

maintenance, cost of administration, salaries and wages, cost of utilities.

16. The total installed project cost including civil, mechanical and electrical,

preoperative expenses and the contingency works out to Rs 650 million.

17. The solar power plant reduces contribution to atmospheric carbon-di-

oxide vis-à-vis fossil fuel generation. The project helps solar radiation

into useful electricity, adding to the sustainability of the project and the

local environment. Thus, the project meets the UNFCCC norms set to

qualify for obtaining CDM benefits. The project is envisaged to register

with UNFCCC for availing the CDM benefits.


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moratorium period of 1 year. The equity from SSIL will be Rs 195.00

million. The interest rate for the term loan is considered as 11.50 %.

19. The depreciation computed is on straight line basis.

20. Income tax at the rate of 32.45% % is considered in the financial

analysis. The benefits available under Section 80 IA, for power projectshave been taken into consideration in the financial analysis while

calculating the income tax liability. The post tax Project Internal Rate of

Return (IRR) works out to 13.63% and Post tax Equity IRR works out to

18.89%.

21. The project also generates Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

revenue with reduction at 1% in the subsequent years. If we consider the

revenue from sale of carbon credits with a minimum price of € 12 per

CER, the project generates additional revenue of about INR 7.5 million,which will add to the profitability of the project.

22. Minimum Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) will work out to

1.35 and average DSCR will work out to 1.65.


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PROJECT AT A GLANCE

1 Project Authority SAISUDHIR Energy Limited

2 Project Installed Capacity5 MW +5% and –0% Solar PhotovoltaicPower Plant

3 Selected LocationT.Veerapuram Village, AnantapurDistrict.

4 Nearest Major Towns Anantapur

5 Seismic Zone Zone-4 as per IS 1893-1984.

6 Access by BusWell Connected, buses are Operated byAndhrapradesh State Road TransportCorporation (APSRTC)

7 Nearest Airport Bangalore International Airport (BIAL)

8 Access by Rail Anantapur Railway Station is on theBangalore-Hydrabad line.

9 Solar module typeCopper Indium Selenium (CIS) Thin filmmodules

10 Capacity of each module 130 Wp

11 No. of modules 41,600 Nos

12 PV System Mounting Structure type MS Galvanised(> 70 micron)

13 Module mounting structure type 8 Module mounting structure

14 No. of module mounting structures 5,200 Nos.

15 No. of Array junction boxes 80 Nos.

16 Power conditioning Unit (Invertor)capacity 500 kVA

17 Power conditioning Unit specifications Input voltage range 450-900V

18 No. of invertors 10 Nos.


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22 LT Panel with protection & metering 5 Nos.

23 LT Panel with protection & metering 2 Nos

24 Cables and earthing systems 1 set

25 Gross Power Generation (kW) 5000 +5% and -0%

27Net exportable power at 33 kV tonearest grid substation(kW)

9.32 million units

28 Power Purchase tariff with NVVN in` 12.00

29 Plant Load Factor 21.28%

30 Total Project cost (Rs. In millions) 650

31Preliminary and pre-operativeexpenses (Rs. In millions)

30.00

32 Equity from Promoters(Rs. In millions) 195.00

33Term loan from Financial Institutions(Rs in millions)

455.00

34 Interest on term loan 11.50%

35 Project IRR (post tax) 13.63 %

36 Equity IRR (post tax) 18.89 %37 Plant Commissioning Date Dec 2011

38Land requirement

• Module area25 Acres51,089 m2

39 Land DevelopmentThe entire station will be laid at auniform level.

TECHNICAL FEATURES

40 Power EvacuationThrough 33/132kV Transmission linesRaydurg substation located 10km fromproject site.

OTHER FACILITIES

41 Mode of ImplementationThrough EPC (Engineering, Procurementand Construction) or thru split contracts.


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1 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT

1.1 Introduction

India with 17 percent of the world population and just 0.8 per cent of the

world’s known oil and natural gas resources is going to face serious energy

challenges in the coming decades. Besides energy independence, the

devastating impact of climate change has become an issue of critical

importance. Energy production using fossil fuels is the major contributor to

greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, transition to a low-carbon energy economy is

the real solution for mitigating the impact of climate change.

India has huge potential for producing electricity from renewable sources. The

achievement so far is about 17,222 (as on 31.03.2010) MW, as against global

installed capacity of approximately 2,00,000 MW of renewable electricity

generation. While India’s achievement is commendable, it is necessary for us to

keep pace with the fast growth in developed countries.

There are three imperatives that necessitate a transition to a sustainable energy

system in the 21st century: They are Climate change and its potentially

disastrous consequences. Peaking of production, depletion and extinction of

fossil fuels and Energy Autonomy and Independence.


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Peaking of production of all fossil fuels (viz. oil, gas and coal) in the next two

decades and gradual extinction of these resources is an accepted scientific fact.

Even assuming that they would be available, India, which is already dependent

on their import, would become more and more import dependent. The financial

implications of large scale imports would destroy our economy and necessitate

strategies to move towards energy autonomy or independence.

The conversion of solar energy to electricity displaces an equivalent amount of

grid power, which would otherwise be produced by grid connected fossil fuel

dominated power plants. Grid power is comprised of a large share of fossil fuel

based generation systems.

1.2 Power Scenario in India

As per Section73(a) of the Indian Electricity Act-2003, CEA has been carrying

out periodic electric power survey to project state-wise and region-wise power

plans together with assessment of peaking power and energy surpluses /

deficits. The estimate prepared by the CEA is revised and updated from time to

time taking into account the actual growth rates achieved. The Reports and

National Electricity Plan prepared by CEA i.e. Report on (17th) Electric Power

Survey of India published in August 2007, Draft National Electricity Plan-

Transmission published in 2005 and Power Scenario at a glance published in

April 2010 have been referred for carrying out demand analysis of the State of

Andhra Pradesh and other regions


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region while other regions i.e. Northern, Western and Southern will expect a

shortage of power at the end of 11th Plan i.e. 2011-12. Actual power scenario

of are as follows in terms of:

• Installed Capacity

• Actual Supply/Generation.

• Likely capacity addition.

Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in India at the End of 10th Plan

Coal Gas Diesel Total

STATE 26,005.7 41,731.6 3,729.8 604.6 46,066 0.0 975.7 73,047.4

PRIVATE 1,230.0 4,241.4 4,183.0 597.1 9,021.5 0.0 6,784.8 17,036.3

CENTRAL 7,418 25,118.3 5,809.0 0.0 30,927.3 3,900.0 0.0 42,245.3

TOTAL 34,653.7 71,091.3 13,721.8 1,201.8 86,014.8 3,900.0 7,760.5 1,32,329

INSTALLED CAPACITY (AT THE END OF 10TH PLAN) (FIGURES IN MW)

Sector Hydro Thermal Nuclear R.E.S.

(MNRE)

Total

Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in India as of 31 Mar 2010

Sector Hydro Nuclear R.E.S Total

Coal Gas Diesel Total (MNRE)

STATE 27,065.00 44,977.00 4,046.12 602.61 49,625.73 0.00 2,701.12 79,391.85PRIVATE 1,233.00 8,056.38 6,307.50 597.14 14,961.02 0.00 12,819.99 29,014.01

CENTRAL 8,565.40 31,165.00 6,702.23 0.00 37,867.23 4,560.00 0.00 50,992.63

TOTAL 36,863.40 84,198.38 17,055.85 1,199.75 1,02,453.98 4,560.00 15,521.11 1,59,398.49

Thermal

INSTALLED CAPACITY AS ON 31.03.2010 (FIGURES IN MW)


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Table 1-: Actual Power Supply Position

9 Period PeakDemand

(MW)

Peak Met(MW)

PeakDeficit/

Surplus

MW

PeakDeficit/

Surplus

%

EnergyRequi-

rment

MU

Energy Availability (MU)

EnergyDeficit/

Surplus

MU

EnergyDeficit/

Surplus

%9TH PLAN END 78,441 69,189 -9,252 -11.8 5,22,537 4,83,350 -39,187 -7.52002-03 81,492 71,547 -9,945 -12.2 5,45,983 4,97,890 -48,093 -8.82003-04 84,574 75,066 -9,508 -11.2 5,59,264 5,19,398 -39,866 -7.12004-05 87,906 77,652 -10,254 -11.7 5,91,373 5,48,115 -43,258 -7.32005-06 93,255 81,792 -11,463 -12.3 6,31,757 5,78,819 -52,938 -8.42006-07 1,00,715 86,818 -13,897 -13.8 6,90,587 6,24,495 -66,092 -9.6

2007-08 1,08,866 90,793 -18,073 -16.6 7,39,345 6,66,007 -73,338 -9.92008-09 1,09,809 96,685 -13,124 -12 7,74,324 6,89,021 -85,303 -11APR,09 1,18,472 1,02,725 -15,748 -13.3 8,30,300 7,46,493 -83,807 -10.1MAR ,2010 1,18,472 1,02,725 -15,748 -13.3 76,493 67,513 -8,980 -11.7

ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION

NOTE :- PEAK DEMAND - 121891 MW , ENERGY REQUIREMENT - 794561 MU FOR THE YEAR2008-2009(AS PER 17TH EPS REPORT),OCCURENCE OF PEAK AS PER ACTUAL POWER SUPPLYPOSITION IN THE MONTH(S) - MARCH & OCTOBER

SOURCE:- DMLF DIVISION

Table 1-: Capacity Addition during 11th Plan (As Per Planning Commission)


STATE 3,482.0 19,985.0 3,316.4 0.0 23,301.4 0.0 0.0 26,783.4

PRIVATE 3,491.0 9,515.0 2,037.0 0.0 11,552.0 0.0 0.0 15,043.0

TOTAL 15,627.0 52,850.0 6,843.4 0.0 59,693.4 3,380.0 0.0 78700.4*

CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH PLAN (AS PER PLANNING COMMISSION TARGET)

Sector Hydro Thermal Nuclear Wind Total

NOTE :- * AS PER ACTUAL ORDERS , THE CAPACITY COMES TO 78900.4 MW

Table 1-: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12

Period Peak

Demand(MW)

Peak

Met(MW)

Peak

Deficit/Surplus(MW)

Peak

Deficit/Surplus( % )

Energy Requi

rment (MU)

Energy

Avail-ability(MU)

Energy

Deficit/Surplus(MU)

Energy

Deficit/Surplus( % )

2011-12 1,52,746 1,42,765 -9,981 -6.5 9,68,659 9,48,836 -19,823 -2.0

LIKELY POWER SUPPLY POSITION AT THE END OF 2011-12 (DEMAND AS PER 17TH EPS)


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Table 1-: Installed capacity of all states as on 31.03.2010 (in MW)

S.No

.

STATES HYDRO NUCLEAR R.E.S TOTAL

COAL GAS DIESEL TOTAL

1 CHANDIGARH 46.74 27.09 15.32 0.00 42.41 8.84 0.00 97.99

2 DELHI 581.62 2 ,602.96 808.01 0 .00 3 ,410.97 122.08 0 .00 4 ,114.67

3 HARYANA 1,327.68 3,017.99 535.29 3.92 3,557.20 109.16 76.50 5,070.54

4 H.P . 1 ,539.94 118.30 61.88 0 .13 180.31 34.08 275.83 2 ,030.16

5 J&K 1 ,480.53 263.70 304.14 8 .94 576. 78 77 .00 129.33 2,263. 64

6 PUNJAB 2,962.89 3,208.19 263.92 0.00 3,472.11 208.04 278.90 6,921.94

7 RAJASTHAN 1,454.80 4,149.48 665.03 0.00 4,814.51 573.00 926.15 7,768.46

8 U.P . 1 ,597.42 6 ,912.84 549.97 0 .00 7 ,462.81 335.72 587.70 9 ,983.65

9 UTTRAKHAND 1,919.18 261.26 69.35 0.00 330.61 22.28 132.92 2,404.99

10 CHATTISGARH 120.00 4,383.00 0.00 0.00 4,383.00 47.52 218.95 4,769.47

11 GUJARAT 772.00 7,008.89 3,894.49 17.48 10,920.86 559.32 1,655.91 13,908.09

12 M.P. 3 ,223.66 4 ,282.10 257.18 0 .00 4 ,539.28 273.24 287.86 8 ,324.04

13 MAHARASHTRA 3,331.84 11,203.05 3,715.93 0.00 14,918.98 690.14 2,437.97 21,378.93

14 GOA 0.00 277.03 48.00 0.00 325.03 25.80 30.05 380.88

15 D&D 0.00 19.04 4.20 0.00 23.24 7.38 0.00 30.62

16 D&N HAVAILI 0.00 22.04 27.10 0.00 49.14 8.46 0.00 57.60

17 A.P. 3,617.53 6,259.88 2,580.40 36.80 8,877.08 214.28 700.51 13,409.40

18 KARNATAKA 3,599.80 3,902.67 220.00 234.42 4,357.09 195.36 2,234.09 10,386.34

19 KERALA 1,781.50 765.38 533.58 256.44 1,555.40 78.10 138.76 3,553.76

20 T.N 2,108.20 5,519.81 1,026.30 411.66 6,957.77 478.50 4,865.51 14,409.98

21 P .CHURY 0 .00 207 .01 32.50 0 .00 239.51 16.28 0.00 255. 79

22 D .V .C 193.26 3 ,563.10 90.00 0 .00 3 ,653.10 0 .00 0 .00 3 ,846.36

23 B IHAR 129.43 1 ,661.70 0 .00 0 .00 1 ,661.70 0 .00 54.60 1 ,845.73

24 JHARKHAND 200.93 1,737.88 0.00 0.00 1,737.88 0.00 4.05 1,942.86

25 ORISSA 2,166.93 1,828.10 0.00 0.00 1,828.10 0.00 64.30 4,059.33

26 SIKKIM 75.27 68 .10 0.00 5.00 73.10 0 .00 47.11 195. 48

27 W.BENGAL 1,116.30 6,756.34 100.00 12.20 6,868.54 0.00 164.70 8,149.54

28 ARP .P. 97.57 0 .00 21.05 15 .88 36.93 0 .00 67.42 201. 92

29 ASSAM 429.72 60.00 441.32 20.69 522.01 0 .00 27.11 978.84

30 MANIPUR 80.98 0 .00 25.96 45.41 71.37 0 .00 5 .45 157.80

31 MEGHALYA 230.58 0.00 25.96 2.05 28.01 0.00 31.03 289.62

32 MIZORAM 34.31 0 .00 16.28 51.86 68.14 0 .00 28.47 130.92

33 NAGALAND 53.32 0 .00 19.19 2 .00 21.19 0 .00 28.67 103.18

34 TRIPURA 62.37 0 .00 160.84 4.85 165.69 0 .00 16.01 244.07

35 A&N ISLAND 0.00 0 .00 0 .00 60.05 60.05 0 .00 5 .25 65.30

36 LAKSHDEEP 0.00 0 .00 0 .00 9 .97 9 .97 0 .00 0 .00 9 .97

THERMAL

Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh at the End of 10th Plan


STATE 3,582.6 3,132.5 272.3 0.0 3,404.8 0.0 103.0 7,090.3PRIVATE 3.8 0.0 1,603.4 36.8 1,640.2 0.0 283.4 1,927.4

CENTRAL 0.0 2,378.0 0.0 0.0 2,378.0 152.5 0.0 2,530.5

TOTAL 3,586.3 5,510.5 1,875.7 36.8 7,423.0 152.5 386.4 11,548.2

INSTALLED CAPACITY (AT THE END OF 10th PLAN (FIGURES IN MW)


(MNRE)

Total


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Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh as of 31 Mar 2010


STATE 3,617.53 3,882.50 0.00 0.00 3,882.50 0.00 188.43 7,688.46

PRIVATE 0.00 0.00 2,580.40 36.80 2,617.20 0.00 512.08 3,129.28

CENTRAL 0.00 2,377.38 0.00 0.00 2,377.38 214.28 0.00 2,591.66

TOTAL 3,617.53 6,259.88 2,580.40 36.80 8,877.08 214.28 700.51 13,409.40


(MNRE)

Total

Table 1-: Actual Power Supply Position

Period

Peak

Demand(MW)

Peak

Met(MW)

Peak

deficit/Surplus

(MW)

Peak

Deficit/Surplus (

% )

Energy

Requi-rment

(MU)

Energy

Avail-ability

(MU)

Energy

Deficit/Surplus

(MU)

Energy

Deficit/Surplus (

% )

9TH PLAN END 8,585 6,873 -1,712 -19.9 48,394 44,302 -4,092 -8.5

2002-03 8,491 6,858 -1,633 -19.2 47,258 44,049 -3,209 -6.8

2003-04 8,679 7,769 -910 -10.5 48,080 46,680 -1,400 -2.9

2004-05 8,093 7,903 -190 -2.3 50,416 50,061 -355 -0.7

2005-06 8,999 8,542 -457 -5.1 53,030 52,332 -698 -1.3

2006-07 10,208 8,641 -1,567 -15.4 60,964 58,280 -2,684 -4.4

2007-08 10,048 9,162 -886 -8.8 64,139 61,511 -2,628 -4.1

2008-2009 10,823 9,997 -826 -7.6 71,592 66,754 -4,838 -6.8

APR,09-MAR10 12,135 10,880 -1,255 -10.3 79,014 73,784 -5,230 -6.6

MAR 2010 12,135 10,880 -1,255 -10.3 7,929 7,040 -889 -11.2

Table 1-: Projects planned for 11th Plan

EFFORTPROJECTS

PROJECT AGENCY STATUS TYPE

CAPACITY

(MW)

LIKELY YEAR /

DATE OFCOMMISSIONING

1 SIMHADRI-EXT U-3,4 NTPC Under Construct ion COAL 1,000 2010-12

2 1,000

3 JURALA PRIYA U1,2 APGENCO Commissioned HYDRO 78 31.08.2008

4 JURALA PRIYA U,3 APGENCO Commissioned HYDRO 39 07.06.2009

5 JURALA PRIYA U 4-6 APGENCO Under Construction HYDRO 117 2010-11

6 NAGARJUNA SAGAR TR APGENCO Under Construction HYDRO 50 2010-12

7 PULICHINTALA APID Under Construction HYDRO 120 2010-12

8 RAYALSEEMA U4 APGENCO Commissioned COAL 210 2007-08

9 RAYALSEEMA ST III U5 APGENCO Under Construction COAL 210 2010-11

10 VIJAYWADA TPP ST-IV,U1 APGENCO Commissioned COAL 500 8.10.2009

11 KOTHAGUDEM ST-V APGENCO Under Construction COAL 500 2011-12

12 KAKTIYA TPP APGENCO Under Construction COAL 500 2010-11

13 2,324

14 KONASEEMA OAKWELL Commissioned GAS/LNG 280 3.5.2009

SUB TOTAL –Central sector

SUB TOTAL –state sector

PROJECTS PLANNED FOR XITH PLAN (STATE/PRIVATE/CENTRAL SECTOR) INCLUDING BEST


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Table 1-: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12

Period Peak Peak Peak Peak Energy Energy Energy Energy

2011- 14,721 12,357 -2,364 -16.1 89,032 80,338 -8,694 -9.8

LIKELY POWER SUPPLY POSITION AT THE END OF 2011-12* (DEMAND AS PER 17TH EPS)

Table 1-: Likely Capacity Addition During 11th Plan

FOR THE STATE : - Ty St Installed Capacity Benefits

Commissioned Last Unit

*SIMHADRI ST-II T U 1,000.00 1,000.00 384.00 (2010-2012)*ENNORE JV COST T U 1,000.00 1,000.00 129.00 (20110-2012)

KAIGA U-3 & 4 N U 440.00 440.00 123.00 COMM 220.00 11.04.2007

*KALPAKKAM PFBR N U 500.00 500.00 142.00 (2010-2011)

778.00

NAGAR SAGAR TR H U 50.00 50.00 50.00 (2010-2012)

VIJAYWADA TPP T U 500.00 500.00 500.00 COMM 500.00 ( 8.10.2009 )

KOTHAGUDEM ST-V T U 500.00 500.00 500.00 (2011-2012)

JURALA PRIYA H U 234.00 234.00 234.00 COMM 27.06.2009

RAYALSEEMA 4&5 T U 420.00 420.00 420.00 COMM 210.00 20.11.2007

PULICHINTALA H U 120.00 120.00 120.00 (2011-2012)

KAKTIYA TPP T U 500.00 500.00 500.00 (2010-2011)1,824.00

KONASEEMA CCGT G U 445.00 445.00 445.00 COMM 280.00 (3.5.2009)

GAUTAMI CCGT G C 464.00 464.00 464.00 COMM 464.00 (3.5.2009)

KONDAPALLI CCPP G U 233.00 233..00 233.00 COMM 233.00 (5.12.2009)

KONDAPALLI CCPP T U 366.00 366.00 133.00 (2010-2011)

1,275.00

3,757.00GRAND-TOTAL:-

LIKELY CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH PLAN INCLUDING BEST EFFORT PROJECTS

CENTRAL-SECTOR

CENTRAL-SECTOR TOTAL:-

STATE-SECTOR

STATE - SECTOR TOTAL:-

PRIVATE-SECTOR

PRIVATE-SECTOR TOTAL:-

Note: U-Under Construction Project;C-Commissioned* Share from Central Sectors Projects for which M.O.P. Orders areyet to be issued is tentative.

Table 1-: Peak & Energy Table

YEAR

Requirment Actual Requirement

Actual

2004-05 8,168 8,093 48,928 50,416

2005-06 8,810 8,999 54,683 53,030

2006-07 9,597 10,208 59,311 60,964

2007-08 10,454 10,048 64,331 64,139

PEAK ENERGY

PEAK AND ENERGY TABLE


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From the above tables i.e. Actual power Supply position for the state of Andhra

Pradesh, it clearly indicates the consistent power deficit of around 8.5 % at the

end of 9th Plan continuing till 2009-10 up to 11.2%.

1.3 Justification for the project

For the state of Andhra Pradesh the projected peak load is 13,514 MW (2010-

11). Table above shows Installed capacity as on 31 Mar 2010 for the state of

Andhra Pradesh, actual power supply position and capacity addition during 11th

Plan for the state of Andhra Pradesh. As per present power scenario for the

state of Andhra Pradesh the peak deficit during 2006-07 is around 4.4 %. As

per table above power deficit for the state of Andhra Pradesh during 2011-12

will be around 1,255 MW (March 2010). Thus Considering projected power

demand for the state of Andhra Pradesh, power generated from the proposed

power plant may be utilized for the state of Andhra Pradesh.

The proposed solar photovoltaic power plant (SPV) will contribute to bridge the

gap between the demand and availability of power.

As per the proposed transmission evacuation plan, the proposed power station

shall be connected to APTransco 33/132 kV substation at Raydurng, in

Anantapur district. Therefore it is considered that the proposed power plant will

be able to contribute to the power requirement of the Andhra Pradesh, hence it


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The project activity will result in an annual average reduction of about 8000

tCO2e per year by replacing electricity generated from fossil fuel fired power

plants. The project activity has been essentially conceived to generate GHG

emission free electricity by making use of available Solar PV in the project area.

The project - being a renewable energy project - leads to sustainable

development through efficient utilization of naturally available sunlight and

generation of additional employment for the local stakeholders.

The Government of India in its Interim Approval Guidelines for CDM Projects

has stipulated a set of indicators for describing the sustainable development of

a project. According to these indicators, the sustainability of the described

project is as follows:

Social well being:

The project activity is generating employment opportunities for professional,

skilled and unskilled labour for development, engineering, procurement

operation and maintenance of the project activity. The development of project

specific infrastructure will result in employment and income generation activities

for local personnel. In addition various kinds of maintenance work would

generate employment opportunities for local contractor on regular and

Economic well being:


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• The project activities will act as a nucleus for other economic activities

such as setting up of cottage industries, shops, hotels etc. around the

area, contributing to the economic development around the project area.

• Proposed power plant will use solar radiation as resource for generation

of power helps conserve foreign exchange by reducing the need to import

fossil fuels to meet the country’s growing energy demand.

Environmental well being:

Solar energy based power generation system will be a robust clean technology

involving latest state of the art renewable energy options to be used for the

purpose of electricity generation. The project implementation will lead to

reduction of SOx, NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It therefore

results in an improvement in air quality and human health.


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2 DETAILS ABOUT THE PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATIONIN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT

2.1 Introduction

Anantapur district is situated in 13'-40'' and 15’-15'' Northern Latitude and 76'-

50'' and 78'-30'' Eastern Longitude. It is bounded by Bellary, Kurnool District

on the North, Cuddapah and Kolar Districts of Karnataka on South East and

North respectively. The District is roughly oblong in shape, the longer side

running North to South with a portion of Chitradurg District of Karnataka State

intruding into it from west between Kundurpi and Amarapuram Mandals.The

Distance of State capital Hyderabad from the district is of ~300 Kms. TheDistrict of Anantapur has a fairly good elevation which provides the District with

tolerable climate throughout the year. It has a gradual fall from the South

North towards the valley of the Pennar in Peddavadugur, Peddapappur and

Tadipatri Mandals. There is a gradual rise in Hindupur, Parigi, Lepakshi,

Chilamathur, Agali, Rolla and Madakasira Mandals in the South to join the

Karnataka Plateau where the average elevation is about 2000 feet is above the

mean sea level.

2.2 Area and population in Anantapur District

There are 929 inhabited villages, out of 964 total Revenue villages of the

District. The number of villages in size group of 500 to 1999 forms 36.71% of


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2.3 Rainfall and Climate

Anatapur district being far from the East coast, it does not enjoy the full

benefits of North East Monsoons and being cut off by the high western Ghats,

the South West Monsoon are also prevented from penetrating and punching

the thirst of these parched soils. It is therefore seen, the district is deprived of

both the monsoons and subjected to droughts due to bad seasons. The normal

rainfall of the district is 553.0 MMs. by which it secures least rainfall when

compared to Rayalaseema and other parts of Andhra Pradesh. The normal

rainfall for the South West Monsoon period is 338.0 MMs. which forms about

61.2% of the total rainfall for the year. The failure of the rains in this South

West monsoon period of June to September will lead the District to drought by

failure of crops. The rainfall for North East monsoon period is 156.0 M.Ms. only,

which forms 28.3% M.Ms. of the total rainfall for the year (October to

December).

2.4 Temperature

March, April and May are warm months when the normal daily maximum

temperature ranges between 29.1 C to 40.3 C. November, December and

January are cooler months when the temperature falls about 15.7 C,

Hindupur, Parigi, Lepakshi, Chilamathur, Agali, Rolla and Madakasira Mandals

being at High Elevation are more cooler than the rest of the Mandals in the


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2.5 Proposed Project location

The Proposed project site T Veerapuram is located in Raydurg Taluk of

Anantapur district. Below figure shows the project location. The site selection

for a Solar Power Plant is pre-dominantly determined by solar insulation

availability & grid connectivity for exporting power. Equally important are other

essential factors/considerations such as:

• Availability of adequate land for Power Plant and green belt development

• Soil condition like soil bearing capacity etc.

• Proximity to State Electricity Grid enabling economic evacuation of power

generated

• Availability of water and power during construction

• Availability of local work force in the proximity

• Availability of load centres (towns) within vicinity

•

Easy accessibility of the site

The proposed project site in Veerapuram village, Anatapur district of Andhra

Pradesh State is found favoring all the above factors to a reasonable extent.


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Figure : Location map of Anatapur district in India:

Figure : Map showing proposed project site within Anantapur

ProposedProject site for

5 MW SPVPower Project


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2.6 Land requirement and layout of the proposed Project

The Power Plant will be located in the proposed site in Veerapuram village. The

total land area required for the project is about 25 acres. The Power Plant

layout can be divided into two sections as:

1. Module mounting area and

2. Control room

The major portion of the site will be used for module mounting. As described in

the Power Plant Scheme the module will be mounted in a steel structure which

will be installed facing South direction for best efficiency & optimal power

output. The steel structure will be grouted using RCC foundation. The proposed

structure is designed to hold 8 modules per structure and which can withstand

wind speed up to 100km/hr. The structure is designed in such a way that it will

occupy minimum required space without sacrificing the performance.

The interconnection cables are routed within the structure and the output cables

from the modules are taken through proper size conduit to the smart connect

box. The output cables from the junction boxes are routed under the ground

through conduits or cable trenches. Man holes for regular maintenance and

inspection will be provided at equal distances as required. Earthing for all the

module mounting structures will be done using copper or GI conductors. The

D t il d P j t R t 5 MW SPV b d l t t V A t di t i t A dh P d h


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provided in this area alone for protection of modules. The proposed power plant

layout is enclosed as annexure 5.

2.7 Land availability and acquisition for the project

As mentioned in the previous section, solar power plant of 5 MW capacity

requires about 25 acres of land. The land required by the project is already

acquired on lease basis.

Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram Anantapur district Andhra Pradesh


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RADIATION DATA AND PROJECTED POWER GENERATION FROM THE PROJECT

ACTIVITY

Actual site of installation is T. Veerapuram village, Raydurg taluka, located in

Anatapur district. The latitude and longitude of this site is 14.36 0N and 76.56

0E respectively. Solar radiation available is for Anatapur in Andhra Pradesh is

considered for simulation of project parameters.

Latitude : 14.70 ºN

Longitude : 77.60 ºE

Below is the weather data for Anatapur district. The data is taken from surface

metrology and solar energy data NASA earth science enterprise programme and

is based on 22 years of yield data analysis.

The irradiation and temperature details considered for the design purpose are

as below:

Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram Anantapur district Andhra Pradesh


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Table -: Temperature details considered for design:

Average annual solar insulation at horizontal angle taken for Anantapur based

on the above chart: 5.34 KWh/m²/day.



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2.8 Simulation report of the power plant



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j



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The above simulation analysis is carried out based on the fixed structures.

Saisudhir energy and NVVN has entered into a power purchase agreement for

the capacity of 5 MW +5% and -0% power plant capacity. The entire generated

energy will be sold to NVVN on a long term basis. With this arrangement to

optimize the power generation potential, it was envisaged to install PV modules

of 5.250 MW capacity to take care of the DC side energy losses in the system.



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3 SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY

The key components of a photovoltaic power system are the photovoltaic cells

(sometimes also called solar cells) interconnected and encapsulated to form a

photovoltaic module (the commercial product), the mounting structure for the

module or array, the inverter (essential for grid-connected systems and) and

charge controller (for off-grid systems only).

3.1 Existing Solar Photovoltaic Technologies

Crystalline silicon technologies currently account for most of the overall cell

production in the IEA PVPS countries. Single crystal PV cells are manufactured

using a single-crystal growth method and have commercial efficiencies between

15 % and 18 %. Multicrystalline cells, usually manufactured from a melting and

solidification process, are less expensive to produce but are marginally less

efficient, with conversion efficiencies around 14 %.

PV cells made from ribbons demonstrate an average efficiency around 14 %.

Thin film cells, constructed by depositing extremely thin layers of photovoltaic

semi-conductor materials onto a backing material such as glass, stainless steel

or plastic, show stable efficiencies in the range of 7 % to 13 %. Thin film

materials commercially used are amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride

(CdTe), and copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) and Copper Indium



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S.No. Parameter Crystalline Thin Film CPV

Types of Materials Mono/ Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon, CdS,

CdTe, CIGS, CIS etc.

Triple Junction GaAs Cell &

lens , tracker

1 Handling Better protection against

breakage

Not Guaranteed Installation would be at site.

Not Guaranteed

2 Power Efficiency 12-16% 6-8% 20-25%

3 Technology Well Developed Under development Under development

4 Module Weight Light weight modules Heavier modules Heaviest System

5 Area ut ilizat ion Higher power generated

per unit area due to high

efficiency

Less power per unit area Highest power per unit area

6 Temperature Effects Temperature variations

affect output

Lesser impact of Temperature

variations

High variation

7 Irradiance Used particularly for

Normal radiations

Better performance with Diffuse

radiations

Works only for Normal

radiations

8 Module quantity Lesser nos required due

to high efficiency

More modules required Lowest nos. of modules

required

9 Output per MW

installed

High Varies as per sunlight condtion

and various locations

Very High(due to tracking)

10 Transportation Cost Lower Transportationcost

Higher cost High cost

11 Mounting Structure Fewer Mounting structure

required per KW power

More Mounting structures

required

Sophisticated mounting

required

12 Land Requirement Lesser space required per

MW

Largest space requirement Lowest space required

13 Inverter High inverter f lexibilit y Limit ed inverter f lexibilit y Limit ed inve rter f lexibilit y

14 Cost High cost per Watt Lower cost per Watt Highest cost per Watt

14 Environment Effects Less Sensitive Sensitive Sensitive

15 Stabilizat ion Stable power output f rom

at initial stages

Stability achieved after 4-6

months

Unknown

16 Availability Easily available Limited supply Limited supply

17 Health hazards Made f rom non toxic

material (Si)

Toxic materials used for t hin

films (CdS, CdTe)

Unknown

18 Power Degradation Less degradation Highest degradation for init ial 5-

7 years

High Degradation

19 Plant Maintenance Less maintenance Highest maintenance required, High maintenance required, so

3.2 Thin film modules

Thin film modules are potentially cheaper to manufacture than crystalline cells

have a wider customer appeal as design elements due to their homogeneous

appearance present. Disadvantages, such as low-conversion efficiencies and

requiring larger areas of PV arrays and more material (cables, support

structures) to produce the same amount of electricity.

3.3 Comparison between Crystalline, Thin film and CPV

Technologies



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3.4 Conclusion on selection of technology

Each of the above technologies has their own particular strengths and

weaknesses which have played a role in our decision making. We have decided

to use Copper Indium Selenium (CIS) Thin film modules as our

preferred technology. These advantages and disadvantages in addition with

their market availability and costing are the key parameters on basis of whichwe have taken our technological decision.

In the section 4.3 we have compared various technologies, and justification of

why we have chosen a particular technology. In the below section we have

compared the CIS, vis a vis Crystalline, Amorphous technologies.

Characteristic CIS Crystalline Amorphous Remarks

Module efficiency ++ +++ - cSi still higher than CIS, but the differenceis getting narrow

Appearance ++ - ++ CIS modules are all black, and therefore

very compatible with roof settings

High Temperature - - ++ CIS and cSi do not have anneal effect

Light soaking effect ++ - - CIS has light soaking effect. Higher thannominal power output is expected.

Degradation ++ ++ - Degradation rate is almost same asCrystalline.

Production cost ++ + ++ Unit production cost of CIS modulesexpected to decrease by mass production

but not in the case of crystalline module.Manufacturing process + - + Simple processes allow a smooth and

efficient production overall

Environmentalcontribution

+ - + Environmentally friendly - CIS modules donot include toxic or pollutant elements

Energy payback time ++ + ++ Manufacture of CIS modules require only a



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4 POWER PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA

The Power Plant is sized on the following major criteria:

• Solar Power (average insulation available)

• Power evacuation facility in the vicinity of the proposed site along with

Grid availability on 24 Hours a day basis.

Details of the design process and are presented in the below sections.

4.1 Design and Simulation projections by PVSYST

PVSYST tool is one of the most accepted design tool for the study, sizing,

simulation and data analysis of complete PV systems. We have used this tool to

generate the most realistic energy yield simulation results which are detailed in

this report. Main features of PVSYST:

1) Detailed computation of the used components (modules, inverters, etc)

2) Simulation on hourly basis and detailed evaluation and consideration of

different loss factors.

3) Calculation of arbitrary orientated module planes (fixed and tracking

systems)

4) Most accepted and used tool to generate simulation results for big PV

power plants, as the results are based on systematic and refined



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4.2 PV Power Plant Energy Production

The system lifetime energy production is calculated by determining the first-year energy generation as expressed in kWh (AC)/kWp (AC), then degrading

output over the system life based on an annual performance degradation rate.

System degradation (largely a function of PV panel type and manufacturing

quality) and its predictability are important factors in lifecycle costs since they

determine the probable level of future cash flows. This stream of energy

produced is then discounted to derive a present value of the energy generated

to make a levelized cost calculation. The first year kWh/kWp is a function of

the:

• The amount of sunshine the project site receives in a year.

• The mounting and orientation of the system (i.e., flat, fixed-tilt, tracking,

etc.).

• The spacing between PV panels as expressed in terms of system ground

coverage ratio (GCR).

• The energy harvest of the PV panel (i.e., performance sensitivity to high

temperatures, sensitivity to low or diffuse light, etc.).

• System losses from soiling, transformers, inverters, and wiring

inefficiencies.• System availability largely driven by inverter downtime.

4.3 PV power plant capacity factor



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A PV power plant’s capacity factor is a function of the insulation at the project

location, the performance of the PV panel (primarily as it relates to high-

temperature performance), and the orientation of the PV panel to the sun, the

system electrical efficiencies, and the availability of the power plant to produce

power.

4.4 Selection of Inverter and Components

For a complete reliable system and to ensure high energy yield from the plant,

innovative components with latest technology are selected. The inverter that is

selected is of very high efficiency over a wide range of load. The inverter

operates in excess of 95.0% efficiency in comparison with the requested of 93%

efficiency.

Design lifetime of the inverter is at 35,000 hours with rated power at 40°C. This

is approximately 4.8 hours at full load per day to estimate the lifetime of 20

years.

4.5 Selection of Monitoring System

Monitoring system requirement for a large power plant like 5 MW with state of

the art technology, monitoring and analysis of is carried out. Few features are

of the monitoring system are presented as follows:• Monitors the performance of the entire power plant (string wise

monitoring, junction boxes, inverters, etc)



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• Alerts in case of error (discrepancy in normal operation of components,

like module string/ diodes/ inverter/ junction box / loose contacts/ etc,)

to facilitate recognition and correction of the fault with minimum

downtime.

• Visualizes nominal status of the connected components via Control

Center PC Software (diagnosis on site or remote)

• Logs system data and error messages for further processing or storing

• Stores and visualizes energy yield data (for life of the plant) in the Portal

from where the data can be accessed remotely.

4.6 Design criteria for Cables and Junction boxes and

The power plant will adopt the best engineering practice for complete cable

routing in the power plant by using minimal cable length while connecting in

series string, using optimal size cables to ensure the entire plant cable losses

are minimum.

The junction boxes proposed are completely pre-wired to ensure ease of

installation, maintenance and eliminates any installation hassles. These junction

boxes not only combine the DC power from strings but also monitor each string

performance and feed the same data to the central monitoring system.



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5 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONETS OF THE POWERPLANT

The Solar electricity is produced when the Photons from the sun rays hit the

electrons in the Solar PV panels, this will generate Direct Current (DC). The DC

electricity from the panels passes through DC distribution network to a grid

interactive inverter, which converts the DC electricity into 220V AC for single

phase and 415V AC for 3 phase operation by using state of the art technology.

In order to achieve a higher system voltage, modules are connected in Series,

called a string. A higher system voltage has the advantage of less installation

work (smaller conductor cross sections). Lower currents flow at the same

efficiency so that cable losses are reduced. The strings are connected with the

photovoltaic branch or the PV-distributor (Smart connect box). This distributor

is connected with the Main Combiner Box (MCB) which acts as the main DC

collecting unit which passes the power to be converted to the central inverters.

Central inverters combine the various advantages of the other installation

technologies. Thus the module fields are less sensitive towards partial

darkening, as is the case with string inverters. This results in a very good MPP-

matching of the inverters. Thanks to higher system voltages than is the case

with module oriented inverters, central inverters reach a very high efficiency.



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The AC power from the inverter are passed to Low voltage panel and then to

the main transformer. From the transformer, the power is routed through the

high voltage panel and eventually to other required measuring & protection

devices before connecting to the grid.

Grid connected solar power plant comprises of the main equipment and

components listed below.

1. Solar PV Modules

2. Central inverters

3. Module mounting system

4. Grid connect equipments

5. Monitoring system

6. Cables & connectors

7. Buildings for housing the electronics (Power-house)

5.1 Solar PV modules

A photovoltaic module is a packaged interconnected assembly of photovoltaic

cells, which converts sunlight into energy. For this project, CIS Thin film PV

technology solar module of 130 Wp is considered.

The Tilt angle for the modules would be 15o (all the modules will be facing

south).



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expensive, yet at the same time the best quality inverters, output voltage in

sine wave. Inverters connecting a PV system and the public grid are

purposefully designed, allowing energy transfers to and from the public grid.

Central inverters are used in large applications. Many times they can be

connected according to the "master-slave" criteria, when the succeeding

inverter switches on only when enough solar radiation is available or in case of

main inverter malfunction. Inverters connected to module strings are used in

wide power range applications allowing for more reliable operation.

In the proposed project the invertors will connect 41600 modules (each 130Wp

(+-3%)) in series. Such 5200 no of strings will be required for 5250.0 System

The output of the strings will be connected to Central 500 kW PCU. Like this 10

PCU’s are required. The PCU is nothing but converting the DC Power into AC

power and feeding into the grid. It is design with a high efficiency >97% with

IGBT technology, It is delivering the max. Power generated through solar

modules in to grid due to its inbuilt feature of MPPT operations. The PCU ishaving internal self protection in case of any fault in the grid. Also the PCU has

inbuilt contactors/breakers with fuses for self protections.

The PCU is having in-built microprocessor based controls. The Inverters is

designed in such a way that it will synchronize with the utility (grid) power with

respect to the Voltage and frequency of Grid and it gets corrected itself

according to the grid parameters within its settable limits. The inverter is



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past generation for the given period. The output voltage of the inverter is

connected to the LT side of the grid through step-up transformer of

0.415/11/110KV or as per the requirement.

5.1 Module mounting system

The module mounting structure is designed for holding suitable number of

modules in series. The frames and leg assembles of the array structures is

made of mild steel hot dip galvanized of suitable sections of Angle, Channel,

Tubes or any other sections conforming to IS:2062 for steel structure to met

the design criteria. All nuts & bolts considered for fastening modules with this

structure are of very good quality of Stainless Steel. The array structure is

designed in such a way that it will occupy minimum space without sacrificing

the output from SPV panels at the same time.

Figure : Typical module mounting structure:


5 1 G id d i


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5.1 Grid connected equipments

A simple block diagram, related to the interconnection of various systems forgird connectivity, is shown below for reference. The Power from Modules is

directed to the central inverters through the DC combiner boxes and from the

inverters it is routed though the Low voltage panel to the transformer. From the

transformer, the high voltage power is routed to the metering panel, LCB and

eventually to grid through the High Voltage Panel.

Figure : Grid-Connect equipments

5.2 Monitoring System

System proposed will maintain and provide all technical information on daily

solar radiation availability, hours of sunshine, duration of plant operation and

the quantum of power fed to the grid This will help in estimation of generation


Monitors the performance of the entire power plant (string wise


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• Monitors the performance of the entire power plant (string wise

monitoring, junction boxes, inverters, etc)

• Evaluates (strings, inverter, nominal/actual value), quantity of DC Power

& AC Power produced.

• Measures instantaneous irradiation level and temperature at site. It also

measures the module back surface temperature.

• Alerts in case of error (discrepancy in normal operation of components,

like module string/ diodes/ inverter/ junction box / loose contacts/ etc,)

to facilitate recognition and correction of the fault with minimum

downtime.

• Visualizes nominal status of the connected components via Control

Center PC Software (diagnosis on site or remote)

• Logs system data and error messages for further processing or storing

• Stores and visualizes energy yield data (for life of the plant) in the Portal

from where the data can be accessed remotely.

5.3 Cables and connectors

The size of the cables between array interconnections, array to junction boxes,

junction boxes to PCU etc shall be so selected to keep the voltage drop and

losses to the minimum. The bright annealed 99.97% pure bare copper

conductors that offer low conductor resistance, they result in lower heating

thereby increase in life and savings in power consumption. These wires are


Cable is of high temperature resistance and excellent weatherproofing


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Cable is of high temperature resistance and excellent weatherproofing

characteristics which provides a long service life to the cables used in large

scale projects. The connectors/lugs of copper material with high current

capacity and easy mode of assembly are proposed.

5.4 Buildings housing for electronics (power house)

The power house will be utilized for housing the inverters, Low Voltage Panels,

High Tension Panels, Plant Monitoring system, Safety equipments, Office room

etc. In order to avoid shading effect the power house is proposed to be

constructed on the North side of the layout.

The power house will be provided with air conditioning unit in order to maintain

the desired temperature of the equipments like inverters for better

performance. The office space will be provided inside the control room with

basic amenities. The performance of the Power Plant can be monitored from the

power house. The power house will be equipped with all necessary safety

equipments as the safety rules. The equipments will be erected as per the

Indian Electrical Standards. The cables will be routed through cables trenches or

cable trays as required. Alarm system will be provided to alert the operator in

case of emergency or plant break-down.

The power house will also house the power evacuation system except the

transformer. The proposed transformer will be installed in outdoor next to the


facilities required for the installation commissioning operation and


51/88

facilities required for the installation, commissioning, operation and

maintenance of all equipment associated with the Power Plant.

The civil works includes the following: preliminaries, additional survey, soil

exploration, piling if needed, ground improvement, foundations, and all

necessary site investigation associated with the operations. Site roads, site

leveling and grading with boundary fences, and gates. In order to avoid

flooding, rain water drainage system is provided all around the plant layout.

5.5 Other facilities including water

The other important requirement for the Power Plant is Water, which will be

used pre-dominantly for module cleaning. The water table is very good in the

proposed site and bore-well for required depth will be erected to meet the

requirement. An over-head tank / underground sump will be constructed as per

the requirement for the water storage.

A first-aid station will be located as part of the power house/office room.

Sufficient space will be provided for vehicle parking near to the power house.

Within the layout approach roads will be made for easy movement of man &

machines.


6 SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT


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6 SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Technical specification of major components and bill of materials are presented

in this section.

Table -: Bill of materials

SlNo.

System Components QTY Total Capacities

1

SOLAR MODULESolar Cell Type: CIS Thin film moduleSolar Module Type: Aluminum Framed ModuleModule Wattage: 130Wp eachTotal PV modules rated power: 5250 kWpCertification: IEC 61646

41,600 Nos. 5.408 MWp

2

PV SYSTEM MOUNTING STRUCTURE with

single axis trackingMaterial: MS Galvanized(>70 micron)i) Design of Solar Photovoltaic 20 moduleMounting Structure, Fixed tilt

5200 Nos.Voc=750VoltVmax=600Volt

3 Array Junction boxes 80 Nos. 06 Input 1output type.

5

POWER CONDITIONING UNIT (Inverter)500kVA, IP20MAKE: AEG or equivalentSpecifications: Input Voltage range 450 - 900V8 Modules connected in series; 5200 strings

10 Nos.

6 1.25 MVA Transformer 5 Nos. ONAN with OLTC

7 6.5 MVA Transformer 1 No.8 LT panel with Protection & metering 5 Nos.

9 HT Panel with protection Panel & metering 2 No. 11 KV & 33 KV

10 Cables 1 Set PVC Cu Cables11 Lightning 1 Set Standard9 Earthing System 1 Set Standard10 Metering Metering panel Universal / Rema

11 Cables 1 Set Monocab/Finolex

12 AccessoriesAccessories forcable,interconnection

Huber + Suhner


Table -: Technical specification of proposed solar modules at STC


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p p p

Table -: Specifications of module mounting structure

Technical Specifications for a typical Solar Photovoltaic CIS Thin film moduleat Standard Test Conditons (STC)

Output power –Pmax (Watts) 130 Wp +/-5%

Warranted minimum Pmax 130 Wp +/-5%

Voltage at Pmax 77.0 V

Current at Pmax 1.82 A

Open-circuit voltage 109 V

Short circuit current 2.10 A

Maximum system voltage (Volts) DC 600 V

Fuse rating 15 A

Type of solar PV cell CIS Thin film

Suitability For grid connected system

Module output Multi contact plug

Certification IEC 61646

Fire rating Class C

Power warranty10 year warranty on 90% of theminimum output

Structure Technical Specification

Parameters Specifications

Type Single axis tracking systemConfiguration Each structure will hold 20 modules.Material MS GalvanizedOveralldimension

As per design, please refer Attachment C & D

Coating Hot dip (galvanized) Minimum of 70 Micron sizeWi d ti 100 k /h (H i t l)



54/88

Table -: Cables speficification

Table -: Invertors specification

Cable Technical Specification


Standard IS 1554/694-1990

Working voltage Up to 1100V

Temperature range -15 Deg C to +70 Deg C

Sizes Suitable sizes

Inverter Technical Specifications


Input Voltage range Vpmin=500 VDC to Voc=820 VDCRecommended solar power asinput

500-580 kWp

Output Voltage 510 VAC (Phase), 400 VAC (Line)

AC outputs 5 Connectors (L1, L2, L3, N and PE)

DC inputs 4 minimumOutput power 500 kW or above

Output current distortion Less than 2%

MPP range at DC rated output 500- 820 VDCMains frequency range 50 Hz +/- 0.4%Maximum Efficiency Greater than 95 %

Operating modeMaximum Power Point Tracking (>1%accuracy)

Power factor (Cosφ) 1Ambient temperature range 0-40 °CRelative humidity 95% non-condensing

Protection Type IP20Automatic turn on

When sufficient solar generator poweris available

Resetting time after ACdeactivation

Minimum 2 minutes

Ground fault monitoring Reverse


Table -: Transformer specification at 33 kV side


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Transformer 1.25 MVA, 415/33 KV, 5 Nos

No. of Phases 3

Type Copper wounded transformer.

Cooling type Oil cooled (ONAN)

Installation Outdoor

Primary voltage 415V

HV 33000 volts

LV 415 volts

Vector Group Dyn 11

Percentage impedance 5%

Secondary voltage 33 kV at 33kV panelToppings and windings 33 kV side

Regulation at unity power factor 1.32 %

Regulation @ 0.8 power factor 4.68 %

Max Efficiency @ 36% load >99%

Efficiency (25~125% of load) @

unity power factor 98.5~99%Efficiency (25~125% of load) @0.8 power factor

98~98.9%

Insulation class Class-A

EnclosureWelded steel tank and bolted coverconstruction.

First filling of oil Confirms to IS 335

Applicable standards IS2026


Table -: Transformer specification for grid interfacing at 33/132 kV


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Transformer 6.50 MVA, 33/132 KV, 1 No.

No. of Phases 3

Type Copper wounded transformer.

Cooling type Oil cooled (ONAN)

Installation Outdoor

Primary voltage 415V

HV 33000 volts

LV 11000 volts

Vector Group Will match with the grid requirement

Percentage impedance 5%

System voltage 33kV at 33 kV panel

Toppings and windings 11 kV side

Regulation at unity power factor 1.32 %

Regulation @ 0.8 power factor 4.68 %

Max Efficiency @ 36% load >99%

Efficiency (25~125% of load) @unity power factor 98.5~99%Efficiency (25~125% of load) @0.8 power factor

98~98.9%

Insulation class Class-A

EnclosureWelded steel tank and bolted coverconstruction.

First filling of oil Confirms to IS 335

Applicable standards IS2026


Table -: Monitoring system specification

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