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TN NO: N-1663 (

TITE UTILIZING THE OPTIMUM START/STOP

TITLE: CONTROL STRATEGY FOR HEATING

NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY!I

AUTHOR: Ivan Sanchez

DATE: April 1983

SPONSOR: Chief of Naval Material

9 PROGRAM NO: S0371-01-221C

di- PRORA NAVA 0LNAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

C:) PORT HUENEME, CALIFORNIA 93043Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. ELE C1 ELECTE ! r

S 1 S JUN 141983

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UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Wh,Dat ,0,1 ond)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMIPL ETING FORM

UTILIZING THE OPTIMUM START/STOP Final; Jan 1981 - Mar 1982

CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Ivan Sanchez

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION N.NE AND ADDRESS 10 PROGRAM ELEMENT PROJECT T ASK

AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBE RSNAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 67iNPort Hueneme, CA 93043 S647101-2; i

1I CONTROLLING OF FICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12 REPORT DATE

Chief of Naval Material April 1983Navy Department 13 NUMBER OF P-E

5'f~n, QC 20160 314 MON G AGENCY NAME A AOOR ESS('I dI11nn Ion, CnI.In Off-) IS SECURITY CLASS ?( os oS.*p-)r

Unclassified-1S. D6E-CLAS SIEICA-TTN DOWNGRADING

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IA DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (.,I Iho. Rop-l,

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17 DISTRIBUTION ST ATEMENT (*I IIh. .1~1 .11 , nd Block 20. of diferen from R.Porf)

19 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19 KEY WORDS fCoflI,fll' on min-so x~d., of Oe,-nln V and donl, b, block number)

EMCS, energy conservation, energy management, single board computer, optimum

start/stop and runtime mode control strategies

0 A ABS \RAC V (C-oI1-o onn .,dn It -nn.nynd d.-F, for, blck nm.1n)

NCEL has successfully implemented a single-building controller that measures indoorand outdoor temperatures to determine optimum times to start and stop steam heat.Significant energy and dollar savings have been demonstrated. Operating experiencewith the controller and details on its hardware and software are presented in this report.

DD FOM, 1473 IEDITION Of f NOV ASl IS OBSOLETE UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OE THIS PAG W. for . SI

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ij

UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF TIS PAGr(seW- D.t. AntI.ed)

Library Card

Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory

UTILIZING THE OPTIMUM START/STOP CONTROL STRATEGY

FOR HEATING NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

(Final), by Ivan SanchezTN-1663 April 1983 31 pp illus Unclassified

1. EMCS 2. Energy conservation I. S0371-O1-221C

NCEL has successfully implemented a single-building controller that measures indoorand outdoor temperatures to determine optimum times to start and stop steam heat.Significant energy and dollar savings have been demonstrated. Operating experience withthe controller and details on its hardware and software are presented in this report.

UnclassifiedSEC PITY CLASSIrICATION oF TrIS PAOIt¢ewh.. o-i F.-.d*4)

I //I I

I I

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION................................

BACKGROUND.................................

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT..........................2

NCEL Requirements ........................... 3ITC................................3

MEMCS.................................3

SYSTEM FUNCTION.............................4

Control Algorithms........................4Energy Savings at NCEL.......................4

DISCUSSION................................5

CONCLUS IONS................................6

REFERENCES................................6

APPENDIX -MEMCS Hardware and Software. ................ 9

Acce~sic", For

NTIS '&DTIC TAB

/4 AvailabilitY CodeS

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INTRODUCTION

The concept of energizing equipment only when it is needed formsthe basis for many energy conservation control strategies. Two of thesestrategies are: Scheduled Start/Stop and Optimum Start/Stop. ScheduledStart/Stop can be implemented with many different types of equipment andhas the potential for saving all the energy that would have been usedduring the unoccupied time except for that needed to warm-up or cool-downthe building prior to occupancy. Scheduled Start/Stop is based solelyon time and the warm-up/cool-down time is determined using the worstcase conditions.

Optimum Start/Stop uses outdoor and indoor temperature measurementsto turn the equipment on at the latest possible time and still meet thetemperature requirements at the beginning of occupancy and to turn theequipment off at the earliest possible time while still meeting occupancyrequirements at quitting time.

The Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory (NCEL) has successfully im-plemented a single building controller that utilizes an Optimum Start/Stopcontrol strategy and a dead-band control mode on a steam heating system.This report covers the development of the single building control systemand the results of implementing that system.

BACKGROUND

Energy crises and the continuing rise in the cost of energy havemade energy conservation a necessity. Executive Order 12003 has set atarget for 20% reduction in energy usage from the adjusted FY75 Baselineenergy consumption for all installations. There are many possible waysof reducing energy consumption, including:

* Insulating

* Weatherstripping

* Using alternative energy sources

a Installing more efficient heating, ventilating, and air condi-

tioning (HVAC) equipment

* Tuning up existing equipment

" Upgrading controls

* Installing computer based controls

Large scale computer-based controls known as Energy Monitoring Con-trol Systems (EMCS) have a great potential for energy conservation.EMCS can be installed to control an entire installation, part of an instal-lation, or a single building. They have the capability of implementingmany energy conservation control strategies and can help provide better

facility operation and maintenance. Large scale EMCS have a high initialcost and many buildings do not have enough energy consumption to justifybeing placed on such a system. Historically, equipment in these buildingswas left on continuously or turned off manually or by time clocks. Obvi-ously, leaving equipment running when not required is unpalatable. Unfor-tunately, inspiring people to be energy aware and turn off equipment

when it is not needed is difficult. Time clocks or a method of turningoff equipment based on time seems to be an answer. In fact, electro-mechanical time clocks have been successful but only when there has not

been very many of them and there is only limited access to them. Usuallytime clocks work fine until the fitst time change, or seasonal change,or when someone is uncomfortable and disables the time clock. Time clocksalso have to be set up for worst case conditions that may only happenone day or one week a year.

To alleviate these problems, NCEL has been investigating computer-based devices suitable for single building application that can imple-ment Optimum Start/Stop control strategies. To demonstrate the feasi-bility of these devices an Intelligent Time Clock (ITC) was developed bycontract and reported in Reference 1. Significant problems were experi-enced in utiiizing the ITC but it successfully demonstrated the validityof the Optimum Start/Stop control strategy. Due to the shortcomings andproblems of the ITC, a Single Building Controller using standard

off-the-shelf components has been developed. The experience gained fromthe development has been used to improve the Tri-Service EMCS specifica-tions.

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

In the late 1970s NCEL developed an energy controller device aspart of the Navy's Energy Conservation R&D Program. The device, calledan Intelligent Time Clock (ITC) and described in Reference 1, was in-tended as a cost-effective alternative to conventional time clocks withthe added capability of temperature sensing to intelligently decide whento turn equipment on or off. After extensive software debugging, one oftwo units was operational by April 1980. That unit was installed inBuilding 560, NCEL to control its steam heating system. During its first3 weeks of ITC control, natural gas usage by the boiler plant at the

NCEL complex decreased an average of 18.6% from the weekly average forthe previous 2 months with a conventional time clock.

Despite the energy savings capabilities, the ITC lacked a goodman/machine interface. From the experience gained, it was decided todevelop another machine to overcome the ITC difficulties. That device,the NCEL Micro Energy Monitoring and Control System (MEMCS), meets therequirements of the recent micro EMCS guide specification and many ofthe requirements for the small EMCS guide specification. These speci-fications (Ref 2 and 3) are now available for implementing single build-ing EMCS.

2

NCEL Requirements

NCEL's physical location near the ocean in Southern California makesheating loads necessary from November until March. The steam heatingsystem at NCEL consists of boilers, distribution piping, space steamradiators, and motorized steam valves.

ITC

Initially, one motorized steam valve controlled by a conventionaltime clock fed heat to a major portion of Building 560 (Figure 1).* Atime clock turned on the steam for a continuous 7 hours per working day.

The ITC was installed in the late 1970s to control the motorizedsteam valve, resulting in a reduction in natural gas consumption. Labo-ratory direction in energy conservation has been to use the experiencegained from work with the ITC to replace the ITC with a new machine.

ITC major drawbacks were two: (1) lack of a good man/machine inter-

face, and (2) only a single source for hardware/software. The ITC re-quired a person to load information using toggle switches; the methodproved to be slow, prone to errors, and frustrating to the individual.It was realized that, ideally, a machine for implementing energy manage-ment should be simple and have a friendly man/machine interface.

MEMCS

As a result of the ITC experience, NCEL developed the MEMCS by adapt-ing off-the-shelf hardware, building a new controller for the motorizedsteam valve, (see Figure 2(a)). Technical details on the MEMCS hardwareand software are presented in the Appendix. System configuration ispresented in Figure 2(b).

To improve the man/machine interface, the MEMCS uses a cathode-ray-tube screen and a typewriter-like keyboard for an operator to answersimple questions to define the system configuration. MEMCS also uses amenu-type prompt with the system operator being given a set of choicesdisplayed on the screen, and then being able to select among the choicesby using a simple keyboard entry. Figure 3 presents a menu example. Ifa wrong entry is selected by the operator, the MEMCS repeats the possiblechoices to let the operator know of the error.

In addition to the controller system, steam flow distribution wasimproved by installation of several branch motorized steam valves. Thesteam flow controllability was thus enhanced and the energy savings in-creased by providing steam only to the areas requiring heat.

*Heat for the rest of the building was not controlled by this motorized

steam valve.

3

SYSTEM FUNCTION

Control Algorithms

Optimized Start/Stop. When a conventional time clock is used tostart and stop a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) sys-tem, the system operates on a daily fixed schedule, independent of envi-ronmental conditions. In contrast, with an optimized start/stop strat-egy, the HVAC start/stop signal can be adjusted daily, depending on eachday's weather condition.

An optimized start/stop algorithm is shown graphically in Figure 4.Parameters are defined in Table 1. To determine optimum start-up time,the controller senses the building heating system capacity and spacetemperature during a predefined time interval between earliest turn on(ETO) and latest turn on (LTO). If the space temperature is above theupper limit or below the lower limit, the controller turns on the HVAC.To evaluate optimum shutdown time, the controller monitors the outsideair (OA), and space temperatures and compares these to or takes intoaccount the building thermal inertia between earliest shut down (ESD)and latest shut down (LSD). The HVAC then is turned off at the earliestpossible time.

All the time and temperature setpoints shown in Figure 4 are pro-grammable or easily changed to allow application in diverse environmentsand situations.

Run Time Mode. From LTO to ESD the controller operates on a deadband mode, where the heating system valve is closed if the space tempera-tures are above Run H or open if below Run L (see Figure 4). Care mustbe taken to set the dead band wide enough to prevent frequent cycling ofthe steam valve.

The optimum start/stop and run time control strategies have beenused in the MEMCS successfully. The algorithms developed are translatedinto a computer program and executed to control the HVAC system.

Energy Savings at NCEL

Maximum energy savings obtained with the optimum start/stop wouldoccur in the spring and fall when climatic conditions are not severe;less savings would be expected during the winter months.

Table 2 shows energy use at NCEL during the cold weather season inthree past fiscal years with energy savings devices controlling the heat-ing system. Degree days are also shown. The following information isderived from Table 2:

Using FY80 as a basis for comparison, note:

" cooler temperatures in FY82, except November

" decrease in natural gas consumption during FY81 and FY82

4

Total KBtu used for heating:

MBtu Money Saved*

FY80 ..... ............... .. 9,985FY81. ..... ............... .. 9,273difference .... ............ ... 712

$8,686.40

FY80 ..... ............... .. 9,985

FY82 ..... ............... .. 8,611

difference .... ............ .1,374

$16,762.80

Total ..... .................. ... $25,449.20

Natural gas consumption reduction during the total heating season:

Between FY80 and FY81. ....... .7.1% using the ITC instead ofconventional time clocks

Between FY81 and FY82 ... ...... 7% additional savings with

the MEMCS

Total ..... .............. .14.1% savings with intelligent

control

DISCUSSION

The MEMCS field installation has been a valuable learning experi-ence, especially since noncomputer-oriented people have been using thedevice. Modifications have been made in areas where difficulties were

encountered. Basically, those modifications have resulted in clearermessages to indicate to the user what to do next.

Further advantages of single-building controllers include:

0 Monitors and controls energy 24 hours a day

0 Turns equipment off automatically during weekends or holidays

0 Is more reliable than mechanical devices

0 Will generate hardcopy records of environmental data

* Has battery backup for memory in case of power failure toremember the working setpoints and time of day

* Priced low (estimated cost is $10,000)

*Based on a cost of $12.20 per MBLu of natural gas.

5

Several units already designed to perform energy savings r a now commer-cially available; some of these include the control algorithms. In Refer-ence 4 these commercially available units are surveyed. Another purposeof Reference 4 is to aid the EMCS prospective user in the analysis andmodification of existing buildings to reduce both fuel consumption andoperating cost. Reference 4 is summarized in NCEL Tech Data Sheet 82-02,published in February 1982.

CONCLUSIONS

It has been demonstrated that a single-building EMCS is capable ofsaving a considerable amount of energy by using the optimum start/stop

and the dead band mode strategies instead of a conventional time clockstrategy.* Single-building EMCS can now be obtained off-the-shelf whichcan implement the optimized start/stop strategy. A good man/machineinterface using menu prompting or other techniques to simplify use byPublic Works employees is necessary to allow non-computer operators toeffectively use these systems.

REFERENCES

1. Civil Engineering Laboratory. Technical Note N-1588: EMCSmodules/intelligent time clock (ITC), by D. Shiroma. Poit Hueneme,

Calif., Sep 1980.

2. Federal Construction Guide Specification. FCGS-13950: Micro energymonitoring and control systems. Washington, D.C., Jul 1981.

3. FCGS-13949: Small energy monitoring and control sys-tems. Washington, D.C. Jul 1981.

Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory. Contract Report CR 82.028:Controlling energy consumption in single buildings. Atlanta, Ga., New-comb & Boyd, July 1982. (Contract No. N62583-81-MR-593)

5. Civil Engineering Laboratory. Contract Report No. 79.002: Deadband controls guide, by J. Paoluccio. La Jolla, Calif., Nov 1978.

*These savings have been demonstrated on one of the most difficult

HVAC systems - a steam distribution system with individual radiator

controls.

6

Table I. Limits Definition List

ETO Earliest turn on

LTO Latest turn on

TLI Temperature low limit initial (on section)

TLF Temperature low limit final (on section)

THI Temperature high limit initial (on section)

THF Temperature high limit final (on section)

ESD Earliest shut down

LSD Latest shut down

OLI Temperature low limit initial (off section)

OLF Temperature low limit final (off section)

OHI Temperature high limit initial (off section)

OHF Temperature high limit final (off section)

7

OHF empratre ighlimt fnal(of setion

Table 2. Natural Gas Consumption During Test Period

MechanicalTime Clock ITC MEMCS

Month (FY80) (FY81) (FY82)

MBtua Degree Daysb MBtua Degree Days b MBtua Degree Days b

Nov 1,908 249 633 154 600 209

Dec 2,052 271 1,904 224 1,776 313

Jan 2,158 246 1,498 250 1,767 382

Feb 1,413 203 1,808 206 1,735 229

Mar 1,262 275 1,858 257 1,660 296

Apr 1,192 203 1,572 202 1,073 210

Total 9,985 1,447 9,273 1,293 8,611 1,639

aNatural gas.

bTo determine degree days, the average daily temperature is

subtracted from 65'F; then all differences are added togetherfor each month.

8

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6- R .I o t enera tor

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Figure 3. Menu example.

12

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1

Appendix

MEMCS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

HARDWARE (see Figure 2b)

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is a single-board computer made by INTEL Corp., Model No.ISBC 80/10B, featuring:

* MULTIBUS compatible 1EEE-796

* Up to 4K bytes onboard RAM (random access memory)

e Up to 16K bytes onboard ROM (read only memory)

e One serial input/output (I/O) port RS-232C standard

9 Six programmable 8-bit I/O ports

9 Direct addressing up to 64K bytes of memory

* One multimodule connector (ISBX bus)

One reason the INTEL Single Board Computer products were selectedis that a development system purchased by NCEL several years ago couldbe used to write the EMCS control algorithms in assembly language, whichcould then be converted to machine language and programmed into EPROMS(erasable PROM) by the NCEL development system.

Multimodule boards are special-purpose, add-on circuit boards thatreside on the component side of the ISBC 80/10B board and are interfacedthrough the multimodule connector (ISBX bus). The multimodule boardused is the ISBX 331 Fixed/Floating Point Math Multimodule Board, whichperforms fairly high-speed mathematic functions. It can accept data andcommands from an ISBC microprocessor and performs a repertoire of 43floating point/fixed point commands faster than is possible through con-ventional programming routines. This board contains an 8231 ArithmeticProcessing Unit (APU). Some of the operations that can be performedare:

* Square root, logarithm, and exponential functions

* Add, subtract, multiply, and divide functions

* Trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions

e Floating-to-fixed or fixed-to-floating conversions

14

Exponentation, multiplication, and division functions are mainly used in

the control algorithms.

Memory Boards

4K Bytes of CMOS RAM for MULTIBUS. This RAM board, model no. ISBC094, has an onboard rechargeable battery which supplies power in case of

a power failure. The time variant parameters are stored in this board;therefore, a battery backup system conveniently maintains those setpointsand protects the system against a power failure. The memory is protectedfor up to 96 hours after power is removed.

16/32/64K Bytes of ROM for MULTIBUS. This ROM board has variablestorage capacity, depending on the type of ROM used.

Capacity

ROM (K bytes)

2758 16

2716 32

2732 64

Thus, system software can be expanded in the future if it is required todo so.

ROM, a nonvolatile memory device, does not require battery backup.In this board the main MEMCS control algorithms are stored.

Analog to Digital Board

This board, National Semiconductor Model No. BLC 711, has 32single-ended input channels with an analog-to-digital conversion rate of50 kHz. Its main function is to scan all the temperature transducersand convert each of them into a digital word. It is also compatiblewith the INTEL MULTIBUS.

Real Time Clock (RTC) Board

This board, a self-supporting timekeeper designed to operate in anI/O slot of the INTEL MULTIBUS, can provide: seconds, minute, hour,day, month, and year by interrogating the appropriate port. This board,Model No. TCU-410 by Digital Pathway, is also battery-backed for 3 monthssince the current time/date must be power failure proof.

For the machine-to-outside-world interface, an optically isolateddigital 1/O board made by DATEC under the 80001-3001 model number, with

capacity for 32 channels of input/output, was used. The logic supportsa full bi-directional circuit. Optical coupling of each channel enablesexternal circuits, which exhibit different common mode voltages (up to600 volts), to be directly connected to the system without interchanneloperational interference due to ground loops, damage to hardware, orperformance.

This I/O board is memory-mapped into the system so that it can betreated as four continuous memory locations.

15

Power Supply and System Chassis

The previously mentioned boards require regulated DC voltage at+12, -12, +5, and -5 volt levels and were met by using the ISBC 640 PowerSupply. The supply provides sufficient power for a fully loaded INTELSingle-Board Computer and up to 11 other expansion modules such as mem-

ory, I/O, or disc control.All outputs have current limiting and overvoltage protection capa-

bilities. Special logic allows sensing for power failure and generatesa TTL (transistor-transistor-logic) level signal for orderly systempower-down control. The DC output power is accessible on keyed connec-tors that mate directly with the ISBC 604/614 Cardcage Assemblies.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Monitor (Modified)

The Monitor is used as the basic block for more complex subroutines,such as making inputs or outputs from or to the console. The monitorwas modified so that after initializing the UART (universal asynchronousreceiver transmitter), a specific location in memory is examined to deter-mine if this is the first program execution. If it is, then the setpointsand all other information required to rua the main program will be prompt-ed. In a warm start, such as after a power failure, the initializationsession is bypassed and program execution is started automatically becausethe necessary information is contained in battery backed memory boards.

Application Programs

The following application programs are used to control the HVAC.

Optimized Start/Stop. This program automatically adjusts the

start/stop signal for the HVAC equipment in accordance with indoor temper-atures, heating system capacity, building thermal inertia, and outsideair (OA). By using the optimized start/stop the HVAC saves energy bybeing turned on/off when it is really necessary, not just on a scheduleof a time clock. A graphical illustration of an optimized start/stopcontrol strategy is presented in Figure 4.

Basically the program starts as soon as ETO is reached as long asit is a working day (not a holiday or a weekend).

Between ETO and LTO the inside/outside temperatures are comparedwith a continuous function such as an exponential. Depending on theheating system capacity, the program determines an optimum start time towarm up or cool down the working spaces to a predetermined setpoint.

Between ESD and LSD the program also looks at inside/outside temper-atures and, depending on the building thermal inertial, it determines aconvenient stop time before the close of working time (COW). The stoptime can be before the COW time because the building retains warmth orcoolness for several hours.

16

Run Time Mode Program. This program runs from the time the equip-

ment is turned on until it is turned off. The controller operates as a

dead band temperature controller (see Reference 5), maintaining the build-

ing temperature within a temperature band set by Run H and Run L (see

Figure 4).

System Programs

Menu. With this program the user inputs:

* temperature setpoints

* time-related parameters

e controller configuration

* holidays

* setting of the real time clock (RTC)

e requests for a hardcopy record of temperature sensors

* requests for manual control of the system

Temperature setpoints are those used in the optimized start/stop

algorithm (see Figure 4).The time-related parameters used in the optimized start/stop are:

ETO, LTO, ESD, and LSD (see Table I for definitions).The controller configuration includes:

* Entering how many motorized steam valves to be controlled

* Assigning names to each of the areas served by each steam

valve

9 Assigning four temperature sensors for each motorized steam valveto monitor the representative area served by that valve

* Assigning weighting factors for each of the four temperaturesensors for calculating an average total temperature

W T! +W 2 T2 + W T3 +W T4

Average Total Temperature 1 2 2 3 3 44W I+ W 2+W 3+ W4

where WI_ 4 are weighting factors

T1- 4 are temperature sensors

A larger weighting factor can be assigned when the particular temper-ature sensor monitors a larger area. Also, a null factor can be assignedin case of a temperature sensor failure.

17

Holiday input is used to load up to 10 holidays in memory in ad-vance. The controller enters a holiday mode when a match occurs bitweenthe present date and a holiday stored in memory. During the holidaymode, no heat is supplied for 24 hours.

When initializing the RTC, the correct time and date is loaded intothe RTC board and the day of the week stored in memory. The memory andRTC are battery-backed to preserve that information in case of a powerfailure.

The hardcopy record of temperature sensors is a convenient way toverify the correct operation of the controller. The six last transi-

tions of each steam valve and times of occurrence are also printed (seeFigure A-1 for example printout).

When manually controlling the system, the operator can overrideeach steam valve to an on or off state. This feature proved handy whenPublic Works needed to work on the heating system.

All inputs are done on the typewriter-like keyboard. The menu-type

prompts have allowed noncomputer people to operate the machine success-fully. Figures A-2 through A-8 are basic flow charts and also describethe MEMCS software.

18

Transation HisTory

POINT TRANSITLONS TIME

PUBLI.AT0IN OFF -) ON 09.32

,iN-) IOFF 09$44

Vt 60-N0RTH ON -,OFF 09-05~OFF -> O 09$24ON - OFF 09s43

1fF - ON 10.01ON -, OFF 10:24OIF -) oN 10,45

:LIMMANI , ON - tOFF 08. 52: .IFF -; N 09. :12ON-) OFF 09t42:iIF -) ON 11:12ON -) OFF 11:19FF - ON 11:23

L.44 I t,,5 OFF -)ON 09t117

N -OFF 09.47OFF ON 10:10O3N -).FF 10#25

OFF ON 11.03iiN - .'F J1:14

L43# L. ,4 OFF -) ON 06o49'IN - .JFF 09t4)

OFF -) ON 09v4?

MA11I'YAL. OFF -> ON 07s09ON - OFF 07#49jFr -) ON 08:49ON -) OFF 09s04'OF - ON 091'-J2ON -, OFF 09;41

Figure A-1. Sample printout of transition history at NCEL.

19

time

initializedata base

configureequipment

midnigmaiye-loal? midnigh

Fiur A2.MAN-OP hee llman otiesar snrd

20 escl

C :midnight

updateday ofthe week

testholidays

printout

initializemax & minand flap

rturn

Figure A-3. Midnight routine executed at 00:00;00 hour to update, print outinformation, and reinitialize variables.

21

menu

print Amenu

inputselection

add yesc qu ip.

............. ..... ijjlllll

add yes modifyholida data base A

override I I I li dit '' litr wee kerid Ill. :fl

mod yes inputtime o new values A

ate +

manual Yesontro

end yes

? return

Figure A-4. Menu routine to modify the program flow, depending on user

selection to the prompt.

22

updateanalog

Fiur A5.Rotnetodrvcth /Dbordtopefrmtb aalgconversionsen*1

do3 9

subrotint

no

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o-u.n cfToffb, on-susb.f-ub

ese no~

Figur c-.untopr space temperature wtthtrdlmt n

to open or close the equipment relays.

24

i time

Ssubroutine

ct = current time

Figure A-7. Routines to compare the current time from the RTC with the timingparameters and return a code, depending on the time limits.

25

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RanHe -e Dec

Fiur uAbroutine t ovr iecokifrainfo e oDc

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no,

DISTRIBUTION LIST

ANRMY Fal Flipr. ILetterkennm Arm% Dlvot, ( hatriliSbUre PAAEB (AFIi LlD). WAright Paitterson Oil: (RI)A) NM IS( R&lD I ~ tdall. 1:1 S'A11( i l ( vikilliams% AZI

.'.li(; ()EF. Nethers). Goooellov% AFIl IX\ AF I v h ( llice N(rt & ( I01-1. l'11(dall. FI.: (15(11.Wright- Patte rson: Hf [IQ DELF Scott, WI SANIS( I INNI). Norton AFBM (AN: Sarno lDee (Saucrlaidetihur!. CA: Stinto Librar ( )flut NFI: ~~rhPtir.i.I ncrg% ( .ini rs. n. I ;oin. ()OilI

AFFS( DEB. lindall. Fl.: I10. RI)\A & RI)V("WARMIY ARRAIDfOM. l)oser. NJ HMI)S(-RF (iI Me( Iclian) I lunts\ lfe -NI : C ontracts l'acs lIILi-

D~irectorate. Fort Ord. (A: I)AEN-(NN [-N. 'A ashnton DC(: l)..N N-MI'l -1) \%ashignelon DC(1)AEN-NIP. Washington l)( F RADCN l t ) ech Stiplp I ir (111:I SI)- ) It I nMoiul~it h NJ. Nat ick R&DIC'ommand (Kv oh IN)u N atick NI A: tech. R0,. I\. It'lol li achuca. Al

A RMY- (F RI Encrg Sysiins. Champaign. ItI: I ibrar\, (harnpaign 11ARMIY CORPS OF ENGINEERS NIRD-Fnip. MDi%- CInth NF: Seattle IDist I ihrar%. Seattle \%AAARMIY CRREL 6. Phetteplace Ilanouer. NilA RMY FNGR 1)151 ibhrar%. Portland ORARMIY ENVIRON. I INf IENE- A(iC Y IISI-. -A \\.ter OIA) I n.e Div .Nbcrdicr Pro% 61nd MDlA RM Y N AlFE RIA I S & NI FCII1ANIC KS R I SlA R(I I ( I NIlI R 1) 11 I lnoc. %% a Itert"ii it MAARMY MISSILE R&D) (Nil SCM Into (enr (DOI ) Rcdstonc .Nrsenal. AlASO) PWD I S MI W I131 i%). l'hildadelphia. I'ABUREAU OF RE( LAMA ION ('ode 15 2 (C Sclander I )cli\ ci ( C0

(INCIANT (IV ENGR SOI PP PLANS OFFR NI IRIC Of K. NVN(NAVRES ('odc 13 I lir. Facifliies Ness Oricans. I A(NNI Code MIAI1-04. Washinctoit. lDC (odle MA I - N 1A .siiii W) NM\I - 1144, \kiArsiIIwton M)(NO ('ode NC PA-r.I. Washington 1)0: ode OP 9's, ' .hiiret'r DOC ole C )l-4 DC.is.I. (odc C lNA\

INH~24 (11): 01-019S. Washing toll. D)C: 014,18'j, V. aslililtor. DO(ONIFLEACl. O KINANWA PWI) - Fnvr I\s Saseho .l.t 1%0 S .r1i, 0t1ru . 'o . J ilat(( MNAVNMARIANAS Code N4. Ouamn(OMOCEANSYSLANl l'W-FA(' %(;\IN I Ott Notlolk N-(OMIOCEANSYSPAC SCE. Pearl I larbor III(OMS1!BI)EN(,RI1 ONE Operattions Ollr. San Di)cgo. (NAl)EFFI'EISIPPCEN I)FSC'-OWE' I term Fitir Ii!) Alcsindria. VAl)OL Div Ocean Energs S\% (ons Solar Ettern Wash IL(. IN4 I I ch I it, I Reports Sectoon). Idaho Mills. 11)l-1l( lDetert technical Into (tr Alcsandria. VAlDlNSRDC (ode 4111 IR. (jierichl. Bcthcesda \il)()lNSRI)( (ode 511 (LibrarW. Aninapolis Nil)ENVIRONMENTAL PROlIEClION A6 ,lNCY Reg. IllI Librars. Philadelphia PA.N Rcig VIll. N-\S

D~enver (0FI(OMBAlIRA(ENIANl PV.O. Viriia Itch NVN(iIIEP OIC. Corotta. (AGSA Assist Comnm IDes & (flst Wl-IA) 1 ) R lDibicnr Washington. DC). ()I ot Dcs & ( ont-cM)P (1) 1 -akin)

Washington. DC([IC & RSltech Pres. Servtce. Niedcn. Mi ,shitwton. DCKWJAIEIN MISRAN BMI)S(.RKI.-(ClIBRARY OV CO1NGRESS Washinton. VC (Science, A, Ich 1)..IM ARI NE (CO)RPS BASE (ode 4(k,. aitp I .ce unc. N( : Maint ( lIt (amrp Pendletoti (A: PWI) - Maimit

Cont rol I\ Ci (amp Bltler. Kav asaki lapin: PW() C amp I c eunec NC : PM). 0 amlp l'ertdletonl CAN. PW( .

(amp S. 1). Butler. Kawasakt JapanNMARINE CORPS tIIS (ode 1FF -2. \%^ihgiton IDCM(AS Facil. Fngr Div. (herrv Point NC: (O. Kaneohe ILas IWI (ode S4. Onalitico VA: Files Maint D~ept-

Operations D~iv. (herrY Point: P9.1) - Utilittes [I\s. Mu akun. Japan: PWO. 1suakuni. Japan: 'O. NYuma

AZ

MCDE( NSAMP REP. Quattico VAMCLB H5201. Harsum (A; Maintenance Officer. Bar,,tovu (A: lWO. Barstosi CAM(RD SCE. San Diego (ANAF PNVD -Engr D~iv. Atsmtgi. Japan: PWO. Atsugi JapantNALF OINC. San D~iego. (CANARIF ('ode 11141. Cherry Point. NC: (Code Wil. Jax. FL- (ode ti41t. Petnsacola FM.: SCE Norfolk. VANAS CO. (Guantanamo Bay Cuha: Code 114. Alameda CA: (ode 183 (File. Plain BR MGR): (Codei 187M~.

Brunswick ME: Code 19L) ENS P.J. Iliekcvl. Corpus Christi 'IX: Code 71). Atlanta. Marietta GA: C'odeSE. Patuxent Riv.. MD: Dir of Engrng. PWI). ('orpits Christi . IX: D~ir. Itil. Div.. Bermuda: Girover.PWD. Patuxent River. MD: MLakchurst. NJ: Lead. Chief. Pett% Offi-. PWikSelf lcp Div - Bees ilic IX: PW (J.Maguire). Corpus Christi TX: PWI) - Engr D~iv D~ir. Millington. IN: IWD - EnL'r IDiv. (itnro. Cuba: PWI)Engr Div. Oak Ilarhor. WA: PWI) Maint. C'ont. Oftr- Fallon NV: PWI) Maint. l)Is .. Nes Orleans. Belle

27

Chaisse1, I. N PAD. Ma~ijntenance Countrol D ir. . Bermu ,dai: l'V' Belle Uha.sw. L A: MMW Cha hem~ldBe-ile FV I'W( Kc\ W~est I.: PV.( Io I aikehlisI. NI VW( S inilfl Sicilf.: ['SWO Whilin iii F!.N Mlii, i IfIPWO. Dallas~ IX 'PW( . OIlm\ 11~c~ I: MM(. Niill initIin IN: PNN( . NI iraii. Sal iiI icgtI A P\\N 0.

%loifcCCt Field CA: S(T Noirfolk. N-N. S(T. Ba~rlicr, 'Piiii 11L SI . Culi Poiint .. I:V cRipilm Olf.

NASI)C-NNI( 1. ~r.,~i Mais VANA IL P.151ARPC I COULNIL Nial a Sluidic* Boa:rd . NN .i~hin1!t. IN ANA MM.F Lo III ndoin UKNAVAF ROSPRIC. .Nit- DIC. SCI .( Pln~cti it 1:

NAN'AIRII IN I heiiclciuki. Nffainin',i. P-N: Pi'WI). Inia i\, \Iij- liaijimiii. PA-NANAIRPROP IIS ICIN C*O, Ir..,llin. NJ

PNNIO I anarnia Cit\ . 1:1NANC( )NIAP[ AtS) IRSI A PNN( . Noirfolk VA: SIT U-Cnit I Naple, Iliiih: SC I .N ii~ IllN AV( I NIS5I A C. Sa I N m ucI . R P o .idc 441 Neci Ndk il. (i rcce. iffN) - NI jit I .ii . Il [)i let)i!

Gairciai 1' : PW( . [Fmioith. ;Nu'rrdidi. SCI . HIiib.. 1YN .- V( (NS I RA.C(I N ( urircul urn I n~i rSidI* (Mr. Gu.iiII %SNAV~L) I RANI'P.( (11 I-N I echlnical I ibrair, . I'coicia. 1:1NAVEDIL IP.A( N I- snci ep 11 odc 421 Noiipmii. RINANLODI 11(1( CI K Idc C415. Indi-in I leadI \il)N A I- -NC P"O . Brlch~.d ~ l I K. MMiC .( i rM~iI IC Bll.h IctiIklil C. MMN )-. u01111 Sill, Ili Si CA

NA VI- AC. UI NC 0%1 \A~ oind I I N. A .. 4 vkilldfi.I VA: Of 03, 11 11 A.i~.ii 5Ic vandrjia. VA. ( oic

4W.; Alce.indri. .N. ( Aid 1k 144 Sl ean.Ini.. VAN-N. ( ode D44103 -N c ~jn.ilm \A NN: ( odc 4 4 I - A vIc adlna. VA. -L. odc 44'4N1>4. I Ck Ii I ib Veakl 1.iir, N\A. ( odck I I3. AIC\;liidi tit. NA: 1 Codc I I I -IAc\i.1il it. VA N: .Code4 CSI -N cxi andria . N A

NA\ F :N(IN(; MI15 - L 11I S l ( ic 411', %li,hinin W II PO- I \\ jiiiiimii. D( . I iba\.\ NN..xlininuii.

N.-AlNI N1 1(CI(W I AN I IIN C. ode II. Nottilk. N N. (.ic 4441 1 lil. N NV: I iti BRP Icpiit\ lii.Nalivlc lia. I Iiio.Nillolk. N N. RI)I&I I 1 0 44 N. Noillolk. NN

NAV-NC I M.( (A11 NC il DP. (I () N .C CI. "It'. 14 1 %Iit iI V-IfhiLiL P-N . (I itiV 19PPi 4 I' l'iIdcpIt: I 1 P-N -. tileIc S' 2.P.)1A IIW. lhi!.nlphi.i P -N. ( 'idc I I I'IiiIdiillpi. 1 PVN I ibrm\. - lhil...Ilphii.. PA: .Roll( . 411111l.ic0'.Crime IN

N.NNIAN( L.NIL(M 5 PAN( I\ (K\.1 ( ic I'l. I'c..t II.iihlui Ill. (1()D) liii' PI.ANPI HARBORlCP Ill. ( okc4402.1 D l . I'cail Ilailu.i 111. C..iinicici Pearl I Iaiulu~r. Ill. I iirm - Pc.tI Ilarblii Ill

%.-NI-.-I-NO(IC - SC Ill IV 5 (iide 4W4. (,.idkh, (hIatic~Itol. SI . (ok 'dc44. RI) . -SI( (Iiii1csiun S(:I irr% Charle'.tin. S(

%,xUNi-.Nc i i( (M1 - NN I-S I IIN -NRColI( (111iiil,il'. 1%cil'.iiilC P.Iiis I- ( o~ 4OI1411 San liiunii. C.A:I.ibrir\ - Sin Brum,. C. C)P 20 Sall Bruiiio. ( -N RD) I lI 1 0 C odc -'M1S I s mBuiio. 1.-A

NANI-NIINI OM (N (IN I RM IN 15 -NRCl ( C. N-SN % IAN llriiikhun. %) , -NR )l( C. 011.111nL."i. NA. ( ltiacis.

ORl C. Soiulh%%c't Plic. lanili. lIT ( C (I -Ro.Cl(C ( * NA\S C Ic.nim \ N ii Linia itch. N-NA. ( MI (-C R( IC[Uloit Panania C. anal: P.C( ( C.-Al 611,11ii. R( P. (I ( i oc 4' I'muiiiiotli NA .C Rl( C. Kc\ N ct I IRol)('( . Kc CIn ik - Iceland :RolII( c.- N. ( o rpit. I lin I V R- P)1(' . Pa'cif ic. -SaniI Butim C.NP( v 1(()(('

Yaip: P.1)11.1-C Ill( _ SPA . 'Nirliilk VAN-

N AVNI Al 1 \% I) - I- ni.r I11% )n Iiuai - SC I - ( it:l So. I - Stibu lli B . I'1

NAVI I(LNNSYSIS(1 N I tiile 44J311 ( I echl Iml'if Sman Ijeo Vi.~i I-N "I, I ltii I Sall IDicmei. C. A "t. ic 'liI

San D~migo. (CA: Coude SI I San I icini. (-NNAVORDMNISILSIVA I-,NI 1') -I-n I lit D. Whmtc sand'. WN

NAN (RI)SIN PAND - Dlir. Fnmer ID' ii. I1(iaii lici.!. Nil). I'NC . I liiiisIe KNNAWLI:10114 ( ile 344. Alexanidria NANNVPIIP.S Di)rccliir, Wmnitikii i' DCNAVPI IIIASI: (O. A( I 2 Noirfolk. -, S CN: (1 mmutmdq,. SIM. AN AV P.U it-f D)1I N ( title 3144I - Nk-,nfi. - Ni11.ol Iin~ i I. ':\ II 1 nm1 1 i IapI enc 1NI\ - P55le. 1 ( a

lLjune. NCNAVRGI( [)('I:N PWII. Okin-i.a. lapinlNAVREGMEDC( FN 5(1-: CI Sinl I)icmt.i. I AN, S(CI -iampl Icndicii I V SN:I Gum S ni o.I Nc~iipot- RI.

5(1> uPakland CANAVRI;( NIIl I N S(1- Yoikisuka. lapinlNAVSCI C(I COF CVI- ;3 Port I Iiicili. I A

NAVSL-,SYS( (151 (titk (1325. Priigram Mizir. \% ihiniztun. 0(.Iid P515 Wih -N Do Naimii. . Si .N

NNVS!:C(RL ACI PWO. Adamk AK. PNO. I d/ell ScoillinmI. IMNN. P'uerto iPcoi: P5541(. I urn Si 01 )i,i1s I

NAVSL(SIA PWI) - Engr D liaIi -Do1

NAVSlIIPYI) (odk 204.4. Long Bea~ch ( A, ( titlc 2442. (1 ibrarurs Puetmm Sou~ndI. Iircniii'iiNN \%A itl id l4.

Pirpsmoiuh. VA5: (udk AS2 fl Pearl I liri 11 Ill 'titule 4M1. Pugetc ounil ( oic -l11i. Nai: 1, Nuflel C V-

28

'ode 444) Potsmouth Nil; C ode 444). Norlok ('ode 441). Puget Sou.nd. Brenier.in WkA: ( ode 453 It Ii

Supr i. Vallekjo ('A: I ibrars. Portsmouth Nil:' PW D~ept . L one Beach. ( A: PWDI (C'ode 4144) IDi Portsmouth.VA: PWDI (('ode 454-ll)) Portsmouth. VA: PW I) ('tide 4i3-Ill)) SI I P(143. Portsmout h. VA: PW(.Bretnerton . WA: PW( ). Miare Is.-: PW( . PUget Soun1d: SCE'. l'cari larbor IIl: 'tech I ibrar\. Vallejo. ('A

NAVSIA Adak, AK ((O. Birooklkn NY': ('ode 4. 12 Mlarinte C'orps D~ist, tIreasure Is- San l'raneisko ('A: IDirFulgr [)i\, PWI). Nia~port FL-: Iir Nicch Engr 37W('i)3 Norlolk. VA: Enir. D~ir.. Rolia Spain: L ong Beach.('A, MaNlatt 'ontl Di\-. Guantanamo Ba% (Cuba: Mlain. Di\. lDir ('tde i31 Rodmian Panamta C anal. l'WI)Fn.gr IDept Adak. AK: PWI)- Lnir D~i\, Nigdsa\ Is.: PV.O. Kcflas ik ICelanld: l'V.O. %la. port FL: S(1KGuarn: SCE'. Pearl I larbor Ill, S( 'F. San D iegio C'A: S(T si:li Sn i a. R. P.

NA'SLT'PAC'l ('0. Naples. italv: PNN'( Naples lthNAVSL PPFA(' PWI) - Maim, ('ontrol Iis. MIainnowt. NIl)NA'SLRFWPN('tN PWO. W\hite Oak. Silser Spring. Nil)NAVITC('i'lRA('EN SCF'. Pensacola FL-

NAVWPNCEN ('ode 2636 (China Lakc . Code. 3K)3 (China Lake. ( A: I'NO (4 ('tide 26)(hint I akv. (A: Roi('(W(ode 70)2). ('hita Lake (A

NA'WPNSTIA (('ichak) C'oils Neck. NJ: ('tie 09t 2,V Seal Bleach. (A

N AVPNS I*A PW Off'lice Yorktoun. VANAVWPNSTlA PWI) - Slaint. ('ontrol 1)I\.. (Concord. (''N: Pl'I- Stipt G en I'ti.r. Sea! Beach. (': IMO,(4

('harleston. SC: PWO. Seal Beach (ANAVWPNSt'PP('EN C'ode 01) Crane INNCi( ('onst. Lece. Sehool, Port Iluceini. CA'N( B( Code III Dais j~ii Ic. RI: (Code 15, Port lineinecii (A: Co de ],;,.;.r in icneme ('A: Co'tde 14;56 Port

Huieneme . ('A: Cotde 25111i Port Iuinele. ('A: ('ode 430) W\%V I: n~i um 0 inllport . NIS : ( ode 47)l 2.

(4u1liort . NIS: NE ESA (Code 252 (1P Winters) Porlt i neenl C A: P\(M (('(tie SO) Port 11IICnne. ('A:PWO. Daimilie RI: PWO. (htI[port. NIS

NkICB FIVE. Operations Dept: T[HIREE. Operation, 011,N()AA Lihrarv Rockvillc. NIL)NRL (otde 54)Washington. DC'NSC (ode 54.1 Norfolk. VA

NSD SCIE. Subic Ba.\. R.P. ('

NI.SC C'ode 131i Ness London. (1I: ('ode 5202 (S. Schads I Ness L ondonit. C I: ('ode LA13 R .S. Mi nnm. NessLononCT ('ode SBi 331 (Brownl). Nessport R

OFFICE SE('RE'IARY OF DEFENSE OASI) (NIRA&[L lDjr. oi Entin~. Pemnin. Washinvlton. DU(ONR ('oide 221. Arlington VA: Code 7444)F Arlington VAPACMISRANFAC III ANre. like Sands. PW() Kekaha. Kauai. IIIPIIIB('B I I'&E. San D~iego. CAPW(' ACE Office Norfolk. VA: ('0 Norfolk. VA: ('O. (('ode i10). Oaklan~d. (A: CO. (.real I ikes It.. ('(.

Peari Harbor III: ('ode 104. Great Lakes. Ii.: ('ode 11)5, Oaklanid. ('A: ('odte II)M. Grecat Lakes. I1L: ( ode 11)).

Oakland. (CA: ('ode 120). Oakland ('A: ('ode 154 Ii ibrarrl. (;real Lakes. IL: ('ode 21K) Great lake' IL.:('ode 41M), Great L~akes. IL.: ('ode 4MK. Oakland. ('A: ('odte 41M). Pearl H arbor. III: ('oide 4)M, San D~iego.(CA: ('ode 4244. (ireat Lakes. II.: ('ode 4211, O akland, (CA: ('OdeC 424. Norfolk. V. COI ('oe 4K Norlolk .'VA

('ode 505,A O akland. ('A: ('ode (0K), Great Lakes. Ii.: ('odte (0), San Diego ('a: ('oide '74K). ( ircat I ike'. 11:

Librars'. ('ode 120C,(' San Diego. ('A: I. ibrar\. Gutamt: I. ihra r\ . N. rk I 1k. It A: i ir\ ( lakland. ('A:ILibrar v. Pearl IHarbor. III: Librars'. Pensacola. Fl.: I-ibrars . Subie Jim . R.P. : i bram rs okosiik. aJA: 1,11,1D~ept I R Pascua I Pearl I larbor. III: 11iftli is Off icer. ( main

SPC'C PW() (('OdeC 1204) Nleehanicsbnrg PASIJPANX PWO. Williamsburg VA

TIVAN Smelser. Knoxville. TIenn. : Solar ( roup. Arnold. Ktiox i le INU.S. MERCHIANTl M1ARINE AC'ADEML Y Kirtgs Point. NY 4 Repri C'tst. dianUSAF REGIONAl. HOSPITAL. Fairchild AlFB. WAUlSCG( (Smith). Washington. DC(: G-NIMi'I-4 2 1.1 Spencer)USDA Forest Service Reg 3 (R. Blrown) Albutquerclue. N\MI.SNA ('h. Meeh. Engr. Dept Atmnapolis Nil): UNOiRNOi Di\. PWI). Annapolis Nil). Fi'tcrg-''nsron Studs'

('irp. Annapolis. NID: Environ. Prol. R&D) Prog. (J. Willim. rnpl N):W lInjDetWWut). Annapolis Nil): IJSNA is Frng D~ept. Annapolis. Nil)

USS FULTON WPNS Rep. Off'r (W-3) New York. NYARIZONA Kroelinger 'leipe. Al.: State Fnerg Programs OIL.. Phoeni\ AZ

AUBURN UNIV. Ml; Sci Dept. Lechner. Atiburn. AlBERKELEY PW Engr Di%. Ilarrison. lierkeles. ( ABONNEVIIL.E: l' WER ADMIN P'ortland OR I 1nerg,\ (onsrs (ill.. I), Das esBROOKhIAVLN NA'11. LAB M. Steinberg. Upton NYC'ALIFORNIA S'IAll. UNIVERSITY LONG BFA('lI. ('A ( 'I Ill APA IIIC'LEJMSON UNIV. C'ol. Arch.. Egan. ('lemnson. SC'('ONNEC(I 1( I' Office oif Policy & Nitit. [:nerg.\ I)i\ lariord. ("I

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(CORNELL UNIVLRSI'IY Ithaca NY (Scrials Dept. Frigr Lib.)D)AMES & NIO(RF LIBRARY LOS ANGELES. CADRURY ('OLLEGIE P1h "slics Dept. SpringlieIld. MOFLORIDA A I'L.AN'II LJNIVERSI'IY Boca Raton. I:1. (MNc.\llister)FOREST INST. FOR OCEAN & NIOUNI'AIN ('arson Cmit NV (Studles - Ibr11ar\sG EO RG;IA INS'I''IU'IE OF IE(CHIN(OLOG)(IY I LI1 R. Johnsoni Atlanta. G iA. (I. At ch. Bcni in. Al anta. G~AHARVARD UNIV. Dept. (if Architccture. IDr. Kim. ('amblridgc. MAIHIAWAI I STAVE1 D)E PT O F PL AN. & E( ( N IX HV onolulu III 'I'cch Inito ( 'irIOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Dept. Arch. McKro%%n. Arrcs. IAWOOD)S HOLE O('EANO6RAPI tIC INS]'. Woods Hle MA IWinil)KEENIE STATE C'OLLEGE Keene Nil (('unrinwham)I Eli61 GIIINIVIE RSI'I'Y Bet hichm [PA (-i ndct'niaii i ll. No.30. Flcckstci nciLOU)LISIANA IV NA'I'IRAL RESOU RUES & L-NL-R(Y D i% Of R&D,) Baton Rouge. I.AMAINE OFFICE OF ENERG;Y RESOURCELS Aug~usta. MEMISSOURI ENERGY AGENCY Jeffecrson Cmit MOMIT ('ambridgc MA I Rm 111-5)10. Te'ch. Report%. Engr. L-ib. I: C'ambridge MA, (I aricinanMONTANA ENERGY OFFICE A\nderson, llciena. Nil'NATUIRAL ENE R( Y LAB ibjtrajrs'. Iljonolin. IIINEW HIA MPSH IRE Concord Nil (( ow rnor 's (CouncilI on Ix ncrgflNEW MEXICO SOLAR ENERGY INST. IDr. Z%%ihcl las 'ruIccs NMINY CITY C'OMMUINITY ('OILE6iE BROO KLY'N. NY (LIBRARY)NY'S ENERGY OFFIC'E ILibrar.\. Albian NYOAK RIDGE NAIL. LAB 1'. kIund'.. Oak Ridic. INPURDUEF UNIVERSITY ILalasvctic. IN (CL Encr. 1-lb)SC'RIPPS INSI [LE OF O('EANOGRAPI IY L.A JOLLA. ('A (.\l)ANISISEA ITL.E UI'Prof' Sch\%acicIcr Scattlc WASTAT UNIV. OF NEW YO( RK Fort Schu \lcr, NYN WIongobar-dilEXAS A'&M ('NIVERSlY W.B. Ledbctter ('ollcicc Station. IX('NIVERSIVY 01 ('ALIFORNIA Encrc' Encginccr. D~~is ('': HI .I'RNI( RE. ('NA I.N"\\RI NO 'I

LIVERMORE: LAB. 10 KARl) UUI (SE. Ph'.sical Plant. San Frncisco. ('A1 NIVFRSITY OF I)EIAWARE: Nc\\ark. I)E (De~pt of (1'.l FigEnc~crin±. O'hcsson iUI NVE RSHJY OF FLORIDA Decpt Arch-. Morganl. (iincs.ilic. IT.U NIVERSIlY'N OF HAWAII HIONOLL'. III S('IEN('E ANND IL:('II. IVAN.U.N IVE RSI IY OF 11-1-INOIS (Ilall) Urbana. IL-: URBANA.,U IL )IiVRRYiUNIVERSH Y OF MASSA('IIISE1'S (Ilcroncniusl. ME1 Dept, A11tnbcrsl. MAUNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA-IIN('OIN Lincoln. NEI Ross Icc Shell' Pros.)UNIVERSITY ( F NEWV I IANPSI lIRE Flee. Engar. Decpot, Ir. Murdoch. IDurharni N,11.UNIVERSITY OF 'L XAS Inst. Marine Sci I Iibragr\) P'Iort Arkaisas IXUNIVERSITY OF 'LEXAS Al' AUTIN AUI'SlIN. IX 'I'IIOMIISON)ItNIVERSH Y OF WASIIINGi'lON Seattle WA IIF. Lingcr)UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN kMiI~atike WI ('tr of (ircat Lakcs StudicslARVID GRAN'r OLYMPIA. WAATLAN'TIC RICllFIELD ('0. D)ALLAS. 'IX ISMIlFI IBE('HITE. C'ORP. SAN FRANC'ISC'O. ('A (I'I 1111's)('IIEMED C'ORP ILakc Zurich IL LDcarborn C'hem. IDis .1b.)C'OLUMBIA GUIT F''RANSMISSION ('0. I1 IT''ON. I X W NG. I I,D)ESIGN SERVICES Bcck. Ventura. ('AD)IXIE I)IVING ('ENIER lDccatnr. GADURIACLI. 0 NEAL,. JENKINS & ASSOC'. ('olumibia SC'G;ARD) INC'. Dr. L.. llolmes, Nile,,. IL.ITI l N IA LII.1I'llNG Application eng. 1) clt (1B. liIchtn) C otme rs. 0GA 3012117MCDONNEI, AIR('RAFI' ('0. IFa'.man l Engrng IDept.. St. l-oui. MOMEI)ERMOEI' & ('0. Diiing IDiision. llarvcs. L.ANEWPOR'T NEWS SIIIPBLDIG & )RY)O('K ('O. Ncpiirt Nc\%% VA (lI'ch. Lib.)pA('IFL(' MARINE: 'TECHINOLOGY (M. Wagner) Dm'all. W\APG&F librarv. San Francisco. ('APOR'T'LAND) ('EMEN' ASSOC. Skokic It. IRsch & Decs Lab. I ib,RAYMOND IN'I'RNA'lIONAI. INC'. F Colc Soil l'cch Decpt. Pennsaukcnl. NJSAND)IA I.ABORA'I'ORIES Albuquerque, NMI IVorlinanI: I ibrarn Di%. limtorc ('ASOFILIPACK ASSOC' SO. NORWALK. C"I (S'IIPA('KIShIELL DVIEI.OPMEN'U ('0. Ilouton 'IX 10'. Scllar% Jr.)'LEX'IRON INC' BUFFALO. NY IRLSFARCII ('EN'I'IR li. i'lRW SYSTEMS REDOND)O BEA('II. ('A IL)AIIUI T LED 'l'E('hINO IO ((IES Windsor ILick% "I' (Ilamilton Std D~i\.. I ibran IWARD. WO.S'IENIIOID AR('III'IE("S Saicramento. ('AWES'IIN( IIOUSE EI.EC'IRIC CORP. Annapolis 1*1) (( ccanic Di\ Lllb. Brlin): Iibrars Pittsurgh P'A

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WkM C'LAPP LABS - BATITLLF I)UMBIRY MA 11LIBRARNY)BRAIlrZ La Jolla, CAFISHER San Diego. CaKETRON. BOB Ft Worth. TXKRLIC. r.P. Silver Spring, MIDF.W. MERMEL Wa%hington DCWALTZ Livermore. CA

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