Definition of MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Instructor: Aaron Jan S. Palmares, RMT

Ø Under the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 Republic Act 5527

Ø Medical Technology is defined as an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretion and excretion of the human body by various electronic, chemical, microscopic and other medical laboratory techniques either manual or automated which will aid the physician in the diagnosis study and treatment of diseases and in the promotion of health in general.

Medical Technology

Ø is a healthcare professional who performs diagnostic analytic tests on body fluids such as blood, urine, sputum, stool, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and synovial fluid, as well as other specimens. Medical technologists work in clinical laboratories at hospitals, doctor's offices, reference labs, and within the biotechnology industry.

Medical Technologist

Pleural Fluid

Synovial Fluid

Peritoneal Fluid

Gastric aspirate

Rectal Swab

A. Pre-analytical stage

Ø Automated front end processors3. Modular stand-alone system

OLA 2500™ Lab Automation System

A. Pre-analytical stage

Ø Automated front end processors3. Modular stand-alone system

Roche Modular Pre-analytics.

b

Early Beginning ofMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Instructor: Aaron Jan S. Palmares, RMT

Ø Cave man noted

change in urine properties associated with diseasesØ Urinalysis is the oldest

laboratory test

STONE AGE

ANCIENT TIMES

Ø Egyptians and Babylonians noted the color, odor, and taste of urine

Ø Polyuria of diabetes was also noted

1550 B.C.

Ø Ebers Papyrus discovered at Thebes Ø First written records of

parasitic infections such as Taenia, Ascaris and Hookworm.

Ø Vivian Herrick traces the beginning of Medical Technology

Ø Formulated the famous Hippocratic Oath

460 – 370 B.C.

Ø Father of MedicineØHe described the four “humors” or body fluids in man

ØQualitatively measure a deficiency or excess of bodily fluids (i.e., blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) with respect to the changing seasons.

460 – 370 B.C.

BLOOD YELLOW BILE

PHLEGMBLACK BILEAutumn, Cold and

Dry

Too much Earth: Melancholic

Spring, Hot and Moist

Too much Air: Sanguine

Summer, Hot and Dry

Too much Fire: Choleric

Winter, Cold and Moist

Too much Water: Phlegmatic

MIDDLE AGES

Ø “Blood Letting" was a means of curing most afflictions

Ø A patient was bled with leeches or by cutting a blood vessel

1098 – 1438 A.D.Medieval Period

Ø Study of urine was a fad Ø Early Hindu doctors believed that sweet urine attracted ants

Ø Ruth Williams believed that Medical Technology started during the Medieval Period

14th Century

University of Bologna

Anne Fagelson

believed that

M.T. started

when Allesandra

Gilliani, first "technologist" was

employed at University of Bologna

in Italy

17th Century (1625)

Ø Development of the microscope was first described

17th Century (1673)

Ø First functional microscope became available.

Anton van

Leeuwenhoek, invented compound microscope & described blood cells, saw protozoa, and classified bacteria

17th Century (1673)

Microscope Replica

Drawings of Bacteria

17th Century (1628 – 1694)

Ø Malphigi - greatest of the early microscopist.

Ø known as the Founder of Pathology due to his contributions in embryology and anatomy.

Malphigi

18th Century

Ø Laboratory Test were greatly improved, moving from qualitative to quantitate.

ØBacteria grown, stained, and studied under microscope

Ø Bacteriology

19th Century

ØBacteria grown, stained, and studied under microscope

Ø Bacteriology

19th Century

19th century (1837)

Ø A pioneering course in Medical Microscopy was first taught in Paris

19th Century (1821-1902)

Ø Pathology was practiced during the time of Rudolf Virchow.

(1821-1902)

Ø Father of Modern Pathology

Ø Founded Cellular and Comparative Pathology

19th Century (1848)

Ø Hermann von Fehling,

a German chemist, performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar

Fehling’s Test Hydrated Copper

19th Century (1850’s)

Ø Analine dyes that were used throughout the laboratory then and today were developed

Ø Rapid advancements in Chemistry laid the ground work for the development of our modern Clinical Chemistry.

Ø Medical Technology became known in Germany and spread in Greece, Japan, Turkey, England and United States.

HISTORY OFMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

IN THE

UNITED STATES

Ø Emergence of Clinical Laboratories in the U.S. is due to advances in Medical Science

Late 19th century

19th Century (1844)

Dr. Douglas

opened first

chemical

laboratory and

began laboratory instruction in the

University of Michigan

University of Michigan

1878

Ø Dr. William H. Welsh - Father of American Pathology

Øset up the first pathology laboratory

in America at Bellevue Hospital.

Dr. Welsh

Ø He gave the first laboratory course in Pathology in an American Medical School

Dr. Welsh

1885

Ø Dr. William Welsh became the first professor of Pathology at John Hopkins UniversityJohn Hopkins University

1896

Ø The first recognized Clinical Laboratory in the States opened at the John Hopkins Hospital by

Dr. William Osler.

1896

Ø Another Clinical Laboratory opened at the University of Pennsylvania (William Pepper Laboratory)

Late 1890’s

ØClinical Laboratories operated in hospitals at Boston, New York and Philadelphia.

Boston New York Philadelphia

1900

A census indicated

that 100 technicians

were employed in the

United States. All were men, but not all were medically technicians.

1908Ø James Todd published ‘A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis (now Clinical Diagnosis and Management by

Laboratory Methods)

1914 - 1918

Ø was an important factor in the growth of the clinical laboratory Ø Pathologists

learned a lot from treating

the wounded

Ø World War I

1915

Ø the State of Pennsylvania passed a law that required all hospitals be equipped with adequate laboratories employing trained technicians

Pennsylvania

1920

Ø The census recorded 3,500 technicians, over half were now women

1921 The first formal laboratory

course was established at

Woman's Medical School

and Woman's Hospital in

Philadelphia is recorded in

the files of the Registry of Medical

Technologists.

1922

Ø the American Society of Clinical Pathologists, ASCP, was organized.

Ø 3035 U.S. hospitals indicated they had established a department for the Clinical Laboratory.

1923

Ø the University of Minnesota offered the 1st degree program in Medical Technology

Ø “Courses in Medical Technology for Clinical and Laboratory Technicians”

1936

Ø American Board of Pathology was formed

1937

Ø Blood Banking became a practical procedure

1939

Ø American Medical Technologists was formed

WW II (Era of Sophistication)

Ø World War II Use of

blood increased, Instrumentation became advanced, automated equipments appeared, QC programs begun.

1957

Ø Technicon introduced

the first Autoanalyzer

1970 – 1980’s

Ø Discrete sampling instruments were developed

History of Medical Technology in the Philippines

US ships of the 6th US Army Lingayen Gulf

Manila was taken and Corrigidor was liberated

26th Medical laboratory of the 6th US Army (located at Quiricada, Sta. Cruz Manila)

9th day January in 1945

June 1945

THE 6TH US ARMY LEFT THE

LABORATORY

September 1945Ø Dr. Pio de Roda Ø Mariano Icasiano (Manila City Health Officer)Ø Manila Public Health Laboratory

Ø Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana and Dr. Pio de Roda trained high school graduates to work as medical technicians

1947

1954 Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana prepared the syllabus

for the training program Then, a six-month laboratory training with a

certificate upon completion was given

1954 Philippine Union College Baesa, Caloocan, Rizal1956 • Dr.Jesse Umali –1st GraduateSchool Year 1957-1958 • Dr. Antonio Gabriel• Dr. Gustavo Reyes• UST Faculty of Pharmacy

June 17,1957 • Department of Education• 1st –3rd year

June 1960 • Permit to Internship Program

June 14 1961 • 4-year B.S. Medical Technology

Thank You