1

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Telecommunications – Part 2Telecommunications – Part 2

Information Systems for Management 2

Outline

Addressing on Internet (IP Address) Web, HTTP, and URLInternet Service Provider (ISP) Intranet Extranet Virtual private network (VPN)E-commerce Technologies Voice over IP (VoIP)Personal area network (PAN, Bluetooth)Wireless Networks 

Information Systems for Management 3

Addresses on Internet

Each computer has IP Address (“Internet address”) - unique combination of

4 numbers (e.g. 130.179.16.50)Corresponding Domain Name System label

(e.g., www.umanitoba.ca or spica.cc.umanitoba.ca for 130.179.16.50)DNS = method of addressing using idea of inverted tree

country

spica(Web server for university Web site and course sites)

Root

.net .com .edu .org .ca

umanitoba

ccDomains UofM systems for teaching

Organization

One of UofM systems for teaching

Information Systems for Management 4

Information Systems for Management 4

Web, HTTP & URL

World Wide Web (Web) is part of the Internet using HTTP and files encoded in HTML and XML (markup languages)

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)Application protocol for transferring multimedia files on the WebDefines how messages are formatted and transmittedCommunication between Web page server and Web browser client

URL=Web addressExtends DNS by specifying directories and file names – hypertext links (http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/management/faculty/btravica/9200/chapter-7-1.ppt)

Information Systems for Management 5

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A commercial organization with a permanent connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to subscribers

High speed – always onShaw – Cable ModemMTS – DSL (telephone line with additional equipment, higher speed)

Dial-up (using classical telephone line)Simpatico

Information Systems for Management 6

Intranets & Extranets

Intranet (written with lowers case “i” vs. “I” in Internet)Private network, usually using Internet technology Protected from outsiders by firewalls

Hardware and/or software placed between intranet and external networks to prevent outsiders from invading internal networks

ExtranetIntranets that allow authorized access by external stakeholders (e.g., suppliers, customers)

Information Systems for Management 7

Intranet or extranet that uses Internet (e.g., an employee or contractor accesses intranet from some location outside the home organization)

Internet is public network but it is used as if it is private

Messages are encoded and “tunneled” through Internet

Communication happens between VPN clients and servers

Information Systems for Management 7

Virtual private network (VPN)

Information Systems for Management 8

Organizational Benefits of Internet

Triggered E-Commerce – globalized markets

Reducing communication and paper costsEmail, Internet telephony (Voice over IP), VPN

Online access to organizational information (intranet, VPN)

Enhancing coordination and collaboration (communication and group support systems in intranet, VPN, extranet)

Lower transaction costs (buy/sell on Internet; time & labor savings)

Enhancing relationships with suppliers and customers (extranet, Internet)

Information Systems for Management 9

Technologies for Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce

For developing Web Storefronts (commercial Web site, store):

Product catalogues, electronic shopping carts, customer profiles, electronic payment

For Managing Web Storefronts:

Product catalogue

Link to electronic payment systems

Connect to back-office systems (e.g., accounting, shipping)

Security (user authentication, firewalls)

Information Systems for Management 10

For managing customer relationships:

Collect and analyze data on behaviour of online customers

Registration forms

Search terms customers use

Clickstream tracking (screen items clicked on – links,

icons, moving paths)

Collaborative filtering (compare customer tracking data

with data from customers with similar profiles, predict

preferences, and try cross selling)

Technologies for B2C E-Commerce

Note: Privacy concerns!

Information Systems for Management 11

Information Systems for Management 11

Wireless Web

Wireless Web StandardsAllow Web content to be reformatted to fit small screens (cell phone)

WAP (wireless application protocol)Uses Wireless Markup Language (WML)Optimized for tiny displays (e.g., cell phones)

I-modeDeveloped in Japan, being introduced in Europe and North AmericaUses compact HTML (easier to integrate than WML)

NOTE: Health risks!

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Using Internet to transfer voice

Based on new Internet protocol – VoIP

Standard packet switching used

Computers used or VoIP phones

VoIP phone has an Internet address and can be plugged in at

any location without changing its address

Big savings in comparison to classical phone

Information Systems for Management 12

Personal Area Network

PAN – Bluetooth is the popular protocolCovers small area (10m in diameter)10 devices can be linkedChannel: radio wavesUses for connecting:

microphone and headphones to cell phonekeyboard & mouse to CPUcomputer to printer

Information Systems for Management 13

Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) and WiMax

WiFi Network transmitter with router with antennas as access points (“hot spot”), and computers linked to it at distances from 100m to ~10KmThere can be many “hot spots” to cover larger spaces (campuses, airports, hotels, remote settlements – see: BOSCO in Uganda

How it works )

WiMAX50km range, high bandwidthGood for rural areas

Information Systems for Management 14

Midterm Exam

Questions: Multiple choice & true/false (about 60)Short answer (about 10)Fill-in-Blank (several)

Short answer type of question - Answer in one sentence or a phrase: Q: What is the relationship between data and information? A: Information is created from data, by organizing it and making it meaningful.Q: List three network topologies. A: ring, star, and bus.

Fill-in-Blank (example: ____ is the main communication protocol of the Web. A: HTTP)

Information Systems for Management 15

Midterm Exam

How to study:

1. Focus on the Concepts list (Note: some concepts are more

complex – Internet, database…)

2. Define each concept in your own words (focus on key terms)

3. Define similarities with & differences from related concepts

(e.g., different types of IS)

4. Have additional information on the concept (example,

management implication, or drawing)

Information Systems for Management 16