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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Telecommunications – Part 2Telecommunications – Part 2
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Outline
Addressing on Internet (IP Address) Web, HTTP, and URLInternet Service Provider (ISP) Intranet Extranet Virtual private network (VPN)E-commerce Technologies Voice over IP (VoIP)Personal area network (PAN, Bluetooth)Wireless Networks
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Addresses on Internet
Each computer has IP Address (“Internet address”) - unique combination of
4 numbers (e.g. 130.179.16.50)Corresponding Domain Name System label
(e.g., www.umanitoba.ca or spica.cc.umanitoba.ca for 130.179.16.50)DNS = method of addressing using idea of inverted tree
country
spica(Web server for university Web site and course sites)
Root
.net .com .edu .org .ca
umanitoba
ccDomains UofM systems for teaching
Organization
One of UofM systems for teaching
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Web, HTTP & URL
World Wide Web (Web) is part of the Internet using HTTP and files encoded in HTML and XML (markup languages)
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)Application protocol for transferring multimedia files on the WebDefines how messages are formatted and transmittedCommunication between Web page server and Web browser client
URL=Web addressExtends DNS by specifying directories and file names – hypertext links (http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/management/faculty/btravica/9200/chapter-7-1.ppt)
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)
A commercial organization with a permanent connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to subscribers
High speed – always onShaw – Cable ModemMTS – DSL (telephone line with additional equipment, higher speed)
Dial-up (using classical telephone line)Simpatico
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Intranets & Extranets
Intranet (written with lowers case “i” vs. “I” in Internet)Private network, usually using Internet technology Protected from outsiders by firewalls
Hardware and/or software placed between intranet and external networks to prevent outsiders from invading internal networks
ExtranetIntranets that allow authorized access by external stakeholders (e.g., suppliers, customers)
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Intranet or extranet that uses Internet (e.g., an employee or contractor accesses intranet from some location outside the home organization)
Internet is public network but it is used as if it is private
Messages are encoded and “tunneled” through Internet
Communication happens between VPN clients and servers
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Virtual private network (VPN)
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Organizational Benefits of Internet
Triggered E-Commerce – globalized markets
Reducing communication and paper costsEmail, Internet telephony (Voice over IP), VPN
Online access to organizational information (intranet, VPN)
Enhancing coordination and collaboration (communication and group support systems in intranet, VPN, extranet)
Lower transaction costs (buy/sell on Internet; time & labor savings)
Enhancing relationships with suppliers and customers (extranet, Internet)
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Technologies for Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce
For developing Web Storefronts (commercial Web site, store):
Product catalogues, electronic shopping carts, customer profiles, electronic payment
For Managing Web Storefronts:
Product catalogue
Link to electronic payment systems
Connect to back-office systems (e.g., accounting, shipping)
Security (user authentication, firewalls)
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For managing customer relationships:
Collect and analyze data on behaviour of online customers
Registration forms
Search terms customers use
Clickstream tracking (screen items clicked on – links,
icons, moving paths)
Collaborative filtering (compare customer tracking data
with data from customers with similar profiles, predict
preferences, and try cross selling)
Technologies for B2C E-Commerce
Note: Privacy concerns!
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Wireless Web
Wireless Web StandardsAllow Web content to be reformatted to fit small screens (cell phone)
WAP (wireless application protocol)Uses Wireless Markup Language (WML)Optimized for tiny displays (e.g., cell phones)
I-modeDeveloped in Japan, being introduced in Europe and North AmericaUses compact HTML (easier to integrate than WML)
NOTE: Health risks!
Voice over IP (VoIP)
Using Internet to transfer voice
Based on new Internet protocol – VoIP
Standard packet switching used
Computers used or VoIP phones
VoIP phone has an Internet address and can be plugged in at
any location without changing its address
Big savings in comparison to classical phone
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Personal Area Network
PAN – Bluetooth is the popular protocolCovers small area (10m in diameter)10 devices can be linkedChannel: radio wavesUses for connecting:
microphone and headphones to cell phonekeyboard & mouse to CPUcomputer to printer
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Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) and WiMax
WiFi Network transmitter with router with antennas as access points (“hot spot”), and computers linked to it at distances from 100m to ~10KmThere can be many “hot spots” to cover larger spaces (campuses, airports, hotels, remote settlements – see: BOSCO in Uganda
How it works )
WiMAX50km range, high bandwidthGood for rural areas
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Midterm Exam
Questions: Multiple choice & true/false (about 60)Short answer (about 10)Fill-in-Blank (several)
Short answer type of question - Answer in one sentence or a phrase: Q: What is the relationship between data and information? A: Information is created from data, by organizing it and making it meaningful.Q: List three network topologies. A: ring, star, and bus.
Fill-in-Blank (example: ____ is the main communication protocol of the Web. A: HTTP)
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Midterm Exam
How to study:
1. Focus on the Concepts list (Note: some concepts are more
complex – Internet, database…)
2. Define each concept in your own words (focus on key terms)
3. Define similarities with & differences from related concepts
(e.g., different types of IS)
4. Have additional information on the concept (example,
management implication, or drawing)
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