1-Dasar Farmakologi.ppt

8/15/2019 1-Dasar Farmakologi.ppt

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rondhi_psik Unej 2012

ARMAKOLOGI

KEPERAWATAN

Dasar-Dasar armakologi

Ns.Rondhianto, M.Kep.

Departemen Keperawatan Medikal Bedah dan Kritis

P!K " UN#$

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5mwup_dEjEIB_nyJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBlaXRvMDNyBHBvcwMxODUEc2VjA3Ny/SIG=1hdl2mmkl/EXP=1157167278/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Ddokter%252Brumah%252Bsakit%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526b%253D181%26w=200%26h=146%26imgurl=www.pdpersi.co.id%252Fimages%252Fnews%252Fcontent%252Fsuplemen1.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pdpersi.co.id%252Fpdpersi%252Fnews%252Fcakrawala.php3%253Fid%253D3206%26size=10.9kB%26name=suplemen1.jpg%26p=dokter%2Brumah%2Bsakit%26type=jpeg%26no=185%26tt=422%26oid=ea38383214785e9e%26ei=UTF-8


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Kompetensi :

etelah mahasiswa mempelajari pen%antar

&armakolo%i, diharapkan mahasiswa akan

dapat'

Menjelaskan pen%ertian &armakolo%i

Menjelaskan sejarah &aramakolo%i

Menjelaskan peran perawat dalam

pen%o(atan dan perawatan klien Menjelaskan prinsip"prinsip pem(erian

o(at


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PENGERTIAN ARMAKOLOGI

)armakolo%i ' &armakon dan lo%os

)armakon '

Makna sempit ' o(at

Makna l*as ' sem*a +at selain makanan % dpt men%aki(atkan

terjadina per*(ahan s*s*nan - &*n%si jarin%an t*(*h

o%os ' ilm*

FARMAKOLOGI ADALAH ILMU YANG MEMPELAJARI PENGARUH BAHAN

KIMIA PADA SEL HIDUP DAN SEBALIKNYA REAKSI SEL HIDUP

TERHADAP BAHAN KIMIA TERSEBUT


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E!ARA" Pen%%*naan t*m(*han dan s*(stansi lain s(%

/o(at sdh ada sjk 000 thn ll

Bangsa sumeria s*n%ai ti%ris dan e&rat3

Pen%%*naan %aram l*ka3, (iji"(ijian, k*litpohon, dll

Mesir Kuno Ra(*n senja 4 hati sapi dipan%%an% dan

di%er*s 5it 6 (anak tdpt dlam hati sapi3


5/28

Lan#$t%%%

7inapen%%*naan ekstrak t*m(*han dan hewan ttt *tk pen%o(atan,misal '

a. Minak almond ' Kanker, anti(akteria

(. 6loe 5era ' antialer%i, antikanker, amenorea, hipo%likemia, la8ati9e

:. ;in%sen% ' tonik*m, anti:on9*lsant, antipreti:, 7ere(rotoni:,

Di*reti:, #8pe:torant, hpertensi9e, hpo%l:emi:d. 69okat ' 6lope:ia, 6l+heimer


6/28


Pertenga&an A'a( )*Berkem(an% pesat

>.U di 6merika erikat dan ne%ara eropa

(arate(a%ian (esar intetis

Perl* '13Uji la(oratori*m ' hewan

23Uji klinis s*karelawan3


7/28


D?K>#R

6P?>#K#R

P#R6@6>

D!6;N?! D6N >#R6P!

P6?K6N, D!>R!BU!, P#MBU6>6N ?B6>

P#MB#R!6N ?B6>, M#N;K6$! R#P?N

K!#N, #)#K ?B6>

R##P

FARMAKOTERAPI AND NURSING

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5xYRqPdEqmQAFBaJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBlb3VjMmY0BHBvcwMyNDMEc2VjA3Ny/SIG=1gveri7ph/EXP=1157167505/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Ddokter%252Brumah%252Bsakit%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526b%253D241%26w=200%26h=156%26imgurl=www.pdpersi.co.id%252Fimages%252Fnews%252Fcontent%252Finap.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pdpersi.co.id%252Fpdpersi%252Fnews%252Fartikel.php3%253Fid%253D925%26size=6.4kB%26name=inap.jpg%26p=dokter%2Brumah%2Bsakit%26type=jpeg%26no=243%26tt=422%26oid=72cb237636c85ea2%26ei=UTF-8http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5x9kpPdEZpIA8keJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjb3ZrYjNkBHBvcwM0BHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1h41qn4i6/EXP=1157166564/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Ddokter%252Brumah%252Bsakit%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526x%253Dwrt%26w=150%26h=199%26imgurl=www.pdpersi.co.id%252Fimages%252Fnews%252Fcontent%252Fdokter.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pdpersi.co.id%252Fpdpersi%252Fnews%252Fcakrawala.php3%253Fid%253D2886%26size=6.6kB%26name=dokter.jpg%26p=dokter%2Brumah%2Bsakit%26type=jpeg%26no=4%26tt=422%26oid=b5a938e586ff4ff4%26ei=UTF-8http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5x4IpPdEIjkB5J6JzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjcXBoZjEwBHBvcwMzBHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1fqslpqfr/EXP=1157166472/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dpemeriksaan%252Boleh%252Bdokter%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526x%253Dwrt%26w=150%26h=205%26imgurl=www.vita-insani.co.id%252Fimages%252Fmcu4.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.vita-insani.co.id%252Fdata%252Fmcu.php3%26size=14.0kB%26name=mcu4.jpg%26p=pemeriksaan%2Boleh%2Bdokter%26type=jpeg%26no=3%26tt=6%26oid=ea8debf316e3fa4e%26ei=UTF-8


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Peran pera+at ?(at ' menem(*hkan dan mer*%ikan

13 ?9er dosis 4 toksis kematian

23 Under dosis 4 tdk sem(*h 4 k*man resisten3 4 penakit

(ertam(ah parah

Peran perawat /P#N>!N;

13 Memastikan o(at di(erikan dan dimin*m oleh klien ses*ai

den%an dosis, r*te % tepat

23 Memonitor respon-e&ek o(at """ e9al*asi """ lanj*t-stop

o(at AAA



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NURSING PROESS DALAM

FARMAKOLOGI

6#M#N>

D!6;N?6

P6NN!N;-;?6 !N>#R5#N!

#56U6!

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5me4ofdEubIAAw6JzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBkNWlidmw1BHBvcwM1MgRzZWMDc3I-/SIG=1i45fncr1/EXP=1157165880/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dpasien%252Brumah%252Bsakit%2526toggle%253D1%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526b%253D41%26w=230%26h=166%26imgurl=www.pdpersi.co.id%252Frsgandaria%252Fimages%252Fnews%252Fcontent%252Fperawat.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pdpersi.co.id%252Frsgandaria%252Fnews%252Fhotnews.php3%253Fid%253D2%26size=6.5kB%26name=perawat.jpg%26p=pasien%2Brumah%2Bsakit%26type=jpeg%26no=52%26tt=160%26oid=0616bf73b9964840%26ei=UTF-8


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11/28


+# RPD Penakit % pernah diderita ata* :edera A dan terapi o(at

termas*k reaksinaA

?(at 2 % disimpan pd wakt* lampa*, (a%aimana

penimpananna, tan%%al kadal*arsaA

?(at"o(at an% di(eli sendiriA

,# LINGKUNGAN KLIEN 6n%%ota kel*ar%a A >etan%%a A Usia dari an%%ota r*mah tan%%aA

Kemamp*an menjalani akti9itas hid*p sehari"hariA

Pola makan, pen%ar*h ke(*daaan dan ekonomiA

*m(er ke*an%anA


12/28

Data O'#ekti, a# Peng'a$ian Fisi'

ead to toeA tat*s okalis A

6ntropometri, dll

7lini:al i%n AAA

)# Pemeri'saan La)ora*orium

Bio:hemi:al ' (, 6, mt, 6l(, %lo(., dll

-# Pemeri'saan Diagnos*i'

Misal '7> s:an. Ro, U;, dll


http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5x9kpPdEZpIA8EeJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjdmNoOTVjBHBvcwMyBHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1fm8s22vn/EXP=1157166564/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Ddokter%252Brumah%252Bsakit%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526x%253Dwrt%26w=193%26h=182%26imgurl=www.pdpersi.co.id%252Frsj%252Fimages%252Fdokter.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pdpersi.co.id%252Frsj%252Frajal.php3%26size=9.9kB%26name=dokter.jpg%26p=dokter%2Brumah%2Bsakit%26type=jpeg%26no=2%26tt=422%26oid=939160f9c95e9f74%26ei=UTF-8http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5me4ofdEubIA.g2JzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBkMWU4ZzZsBHBvcwM0MwRzZWMDc3I-/SIG=1grm11non/EXP=1157165880/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dpasien%252Brumah%252Bsakit%2526toggle%253D1%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526b%253D41%26w=250%26h=182%26imgurl=www.pdpersi.co.id%252Fsumberwaras%252Fimages%252Fctscan.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pdpersi.co.id%252Fsumberwaras%252Ffasilitas.php3%26size=8.8kB%26name=ctscan.jpg%26p=pasien%2Brumah%2Bsakit%26type=jpeg%26no=43%26tt=160%26oid=1b6699f6799e0ac2%26ei=UTF-8http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5xYRqPdEqmQAFBaJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBlb3VjMmY0BHBvcwMyNDMEc2VjA3Ny/SIG=1gveri7ph/EXP=1157167505/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Ddokter%252Brumah%252Bsakit%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526b%253D241%26w=200%26h=156%26imgurl=www.pdpersi.co.id%252Fimages%252Fnews%252Fcontent%252Finap.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pdpersi.co.id%252Fpdpersi%252Fnews%252Fartikel.php3%253Fid%253D925%26size=6.4kB%26name=inap.jpg%26p=dokter%2Brumah%2Bsakit%26type=jpeg%26no=243%26tt=422%26oid=72cb237636c85ea2%26ei=UTF-8


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DIAGNOA KEPERAWATAN Di (*at (erdasarkan analisa data hasil pen%kajian

Dapat dihasilkan le(ih sat* dia%nosa.

Dia%nosa keperawatan dapat (ersi&at akt*al ata*

potensial-resiko. Misal '

13 Resiko ketidakpat*han thd re%imen pen%o(atan.

23 K*ran% pen%etah*an thd re%imen pen%o(atanC3 dll


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PEREN-ANAAN)ase peren:anaan dari proses keperawatan

ditandai den%an penetapan t*j*an-hasil an%

diharapkan '

13 Berp*sat pada klien &o:*s on 7lient3

23 Plannin% realistik

C3 Dapat diterima (aik oleh klien ma*p*n perawat

3 Dikerjakan (ersama"sama d%n pem(eri as*hankesehatan lainna

3 Batas wakt* % realistik


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IMPLEMENTAIPrinsip dalam implementasi '

13 Pen*l*han tt% o(at ' in&ormasi har*s

dises*aikan d%n minat klien E tin%katpemahaman.

23 Pem(erian o(at dan pen%kajian e&ek o(at

C3 Per%*nakan pendekatan % positi&.

3 $adilah penden%ar dan pen%amat % akti&.

3 Men%ik*tsertakan an%%ota kel*ar%a-teman.


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PRINIP PEM.ERIAN O.AT Perhatikan prinsip F Benar '

1. Benar Klien 4 periksa identitas

2.Benar ?(at 4 periksa la(el CG3" aat mem(a:a permintaan o(atna dan men%am(il o(at" Bandin%kan la(el o(at d%n o(at an% diminta" aat o(at dikem(alikan

C. Benar Dosis

. Benar R*te oral, parenteral, topikal, rektal, inhalasi3

. Benar @akt*F. Benar Dok*mentasi


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.enar Klien

Klien an% (enar dapat dipastikan den%an '

1. Periksa identitas klien

2. Minta klien mene(*tkan namana sendiri, ata*p*nmenanakan pd kel*ar%a klien % ada (ila klien tdk sadar.

Be(erapa klien akan menjawa( den%an nama sem(aran%ata* tidak (erespon, maka %elan% identi&ikasi har*sdiperiksa pada setiap klien pada setiap kali pen%o(atan.

Pada keadan %elan% identi&ikasi hilan%, perawat har*smemastikan identitas klien se(el*m setiap o(at di(erikan


18/28


.enar O'at

?(at % (enar adalah o(at % diresepkan atas nama klien. !ntr*ksi melal*i telepon *nt*k pen%o(atan har*s ditandatan%ani

oleh dokter % menelepon dalam wakt* 2 jam.

Komponen dari instr*ksi pen%o(atan antara lain '1. >an%%al dan saat intr*ksi dit*lis

2. Nama o(at, dosis o(at, r*te pem(erian, &rek*ensi pem(erian,dan tanda tan%an dokter

Note ' $ika salah sat* komponen tidak ada ata* intr*ksi pen%o(atan

tidak len%kap, maka o(at tidak (oleh di(erikan E har*s se%eramen%h*(*n%i dokter terse(*t *nt*k men%klari&ikasina Keeand aes, 1HHF 3.

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5xXjpfdEn2sA1jqJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBlYnBldDZwBHBvcwMxMTQEc2VjA3Ny/SIG=1h6mcr1cq/EXP=1157166947/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Ddokter%252Brumah%252Bsakit%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526b%253D101%26w=200%26h=140%26imgurl=www.pdpersi.co.id%252Fimages%252Fnews%252Fcontent%252Fsuntik.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pdpersi.co.id%252Fpdpersi%252Fnews%252Fcakrawala.php3%253Fid%253D3003%26size=5.6kB%26name=suntik.jpg%26p=dokter%2Brumah%2Bsakit%26type=jpeg%26no=114%26tt=422%26oid=22088f0de659c17c%26ei=UTF-8


19/28


.enar Dosis

Dosis an% (enar adalah dosis an% tepat dan

ses*ai an% di(erikan *nt*k klien tertent*

P#R6>!6N ' 6N!6 D6N 6N6K23

Pen%hit*n%an dosis o(at dilak*kan se:ara

ak*rat d%n mempertim(an%kan tersediana

o(at dan dosis o(at an% diresepkan, dalamkeadaan tertent*, (erat (adan klien j*%a har*s

dipertim(an%kan.

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5xXjpfdEn2sA1jqJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBlYnBldDZwBHBvcwMxMTQEc2VjA3Ny/SIG=1h6mcr1cq/EXP=1157166947/**http%3A/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Ddokter%252Brumah%252Bsakit%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253DFP-tab-img-t-t410%2526b%253D101%26w=200%26h=140%26imgurl=www.pdpersi.co.id%252Fimages%252Fnews%252Fcontent%252Fsuntik.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pdpersi.co.id%252Fpdpersi%252Fnews%252Fcakrawala.php3%253Fid%253D3003%26size=5.6kB%26name=suntik.jpg%26p=dokter%2Brumah%2Bsakit%26type=jpeg%26no=114%26tt=422%26oid=22088f0de659c17c%26ei=UTF-8


20/28

DOI O.AT

Dosis terapeutik dosis

dengan efek yang

diharapkan:

Dosis minimal

Dosis maksimal

Dosis optimal

Dosis toksis keracunan

Dosis letal kematian


21/28


.enar Wakt$

@akt* % (enar adalah saat dimana o(at an%

diresepkan har*s di(erikan kepada klien.

Pem)erian ! 6da % di (erikan I jam se(el*m - ses*dah makan,

6da an% har*s di(erikan dalam selan% wakt* an% sama

sepanjan% 2 jam misalna setiap J jam3 seperti anti(iotik.

Periksa tan%%al kadal*arsa, jika telah melewati tan%%alna

jan%an di(erikan.


22/28

Lan#$tan%%%

Berikan o(at pada saat kh*s*s. Berikan o(at"o(at an% terpen%ar*h oleh makanan, seperti

tetrasiklin, se(el*m makan Berikan o(at"o(at seperti kali*m dan aspirin an% dapat

men%iritasi m*kosa lam(*n% (ersama"sama den%an makananata* setelah makan

6nti(iotika har*s di(erikan dalam selan% wakt* % tetap

7ontoh '

a. e(el*m ' I jam se(el*m makan ' %olon%an antasida, 1 jamse(el*m makan ' :aptopril, ne&idipin

(. etelah makan ' anal%esik i(*pro&en, indometasin, dll3,anti(iotika, dll



23/28


.enar R$te

R*te an% (enar adalah jalan mas*kna o(at *nt*ka(sorpsi an% tepat dan memadai.

R*te an% le(ih serin% dari a(sorpsi adalah '

13 ?ral melal*i m*l*t 3' :airan, s*spensi, pil , kaplet-kaps*l

23 *(lin%*al di (awah lidah *nt*k a(sorpsi 9ena3

C3 >opikal dipakai pada k*lit 3

3 !nhalasi semprot aerosol 3

3 !nstilasi pada mata , hid*n% , telin%a , rekt*m ata* 9a%ina3

F3 Parenteral ' intradermal , s*(k*tan , intram*sk*lar , danintra9ena.


24/28


.enar Dok$mentasi

Dok*mentasi an% (enar adalah men:atatin&ormasi an% ses*ai men%enai o(at an%telah di(erikan melip*ti nama o(at , dosis , r*te

, wakt* dan tan%%al , inisial dan tanda tan%anperawat.

Dok*mentasi har*s dilak*kan se%era setelahmelak*kan tindakan. Respon klien terhadappem(erian pen%o(atan perl* j*%a di :atat.


25/28


KART/ PEN0/L/"AN O.AT

Nama o(at A 6lasan sa*dara memakai o(at A

Dosis A @akt*"wakt* pemakaian o(at A al"hal kh*s*s an% sa*dara har*s ata*

tidak (oleh lak*kan sewakt* men%%*nakan

o(at A #&ek sampin% an% m*n%kin terjadi dalam

pen%o(atan A


26/28

Note : "AK KLIEN DLM PEM.ERIAN

O.AT

ak klien *nt*k men%etah*i alasan

pem(erian o(at.

ak klien *nt*k menolak pen%o(atan



27/28


E1AL/AI

#&ekti&itas pendidikan kesehatan men%enai terapi o(at

dan pen:apaian t*j*an.

$ika t*j*an tidak terpen*hi, perawat perl* menent*kanpene(a(na dan men%kaji *lan% ses*ai se(a(na.

Kaji *lan% (ersama klien dan kel*ar%a men%enai

ken*t*han *nt*k perawatan tindak lanj*t, jika di(*t*hkan.


28/28

rondhi psik Unej 2012

Ma$ 'ela#ar2 ins3aAlla&2 le'i&

m$(a& mengerti 44

"a5e ni6e (a3

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1-Dasar Farmakologi.ppt

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