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Developing the Developing the Research ProblemResearch Problem
KNES 510KNES 510
Research Methods in KinesiologyResearch Methods in Kinesiology
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Finding a TopicFinding a Topic
Be aware of research being done in your Be aware of research being done in your department by the research faculty (website)department by the research faculty (website)
Be alert for controversial issues in your area of Be alert for controversial issues in your area of interestinterest
Read a review paperRead a review paper primary source primary source – firsthand source of data in research; – firsthand source of data in research;
the original studythe original study secondary source secondary source – source of data in research in – source of data in research in
which an author has evaluated and summarized which an author has evaluated and summarized previous researchprevious research
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Criteria in Selecting aCriteria in Selecting aResearch ProblemResearch Problem
Is the problem in the realm of research?Is the problem in the realm of research? Does it interest Does it interest youyou?? Is it worthwhile?Is it worthwhile? Is it Is it feasiblefeasible?? Is it Is it timelytimely?? Can you attack the problem without prejudice?Can you attack the problem without prejudice? Are you prepared in the Are you prepared in the techniquestechniques to address to address
the problem?the problem?
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Purposes of the Literature ReviewPurposes of the Literature Review
Identify the problemIdentify the problem Develop the hypothesesDevelop the hypotheses Develop the methodsDevelop the methods
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Steps in the Literature SearchSteps in the Literature Search
1.1. Write the problem statementWrite the problem statement2.2. Consult secondary sourcesConsult secondary sources
– EncyclopediasEncyclopedias– Research reviewsResearch reviews
3.3. Determine descriptors (Determine descriptors (CVCV))4.4. Find Find primaryprimary sources using sources using
– Indexes and bibliographiesIndexes and bibliographies– Computer searchesComputer searches
5.5. Read and record the literatureRead and record the literature6.6. Write the literature reviewWrite the literature review
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Step 1 – The Problem StatementStep 1 – The Problem Statement
Specify the research question you are Specify the research question you are askingasking
Be complete but conciseBe complete but concise
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Step 2 – Consult Secondary SourcesStep 2 – Consult Secondary Sources
This step is necessary only if you have This step is necessary only if you have very limited knowledge of your subjectvery limited knowledge of your subject Encyclopedias – Dated info but provides basic Encyclopedias – Dated info but provides basic
terms, appropriate journals, etc.terms, appropriate journals, etc. Research reviews – written by experts, Research reviews – written by experts,
summarizes current research, provides summarizes current research, provides suggestions for future researchsuggestions for future research
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Step 3 – Determine DescriptorsStep 3 – Determine Descriptors
Critical VariablesCritical Variables Terms to help locate sourcesTerms to help locate sources Too broad – too Too broad – too manymany results results Too narrow – too Too narrow – too fewfew results results
Where do I Look?Where do I Look? TextbookTextbook Recent articles are best (search reference lists)Recent articles are best (search reference lists) InternetInternet PubMedPubMed (Medline) (Medline) CSUF LibraryCSUF Library
Research and information servicesResearch and information services Online databasesOnline databases CINAHLCINAHL SPORTDiscusSPORTDiscus
How do I Look?How do I Look?
Peer reviewed journalsPeer reviewed journals No popular magazinesNo popular magazines Keywords (and, or, “”)Keywords (and, or, “”) AuthorsAuthors Ideas Ideas Professional meetingsProfessional meetings
Posters, orals and Posters, orals and symposiasymposia
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Step 4 – Find Primary SourcesStep 4 – Find Primary Sources
See example using CSUF library website See example using CSUF library website via portalvia portal
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Step 5 – Read and RecordStep 5 – Read and Recordthe Literaturethe Literature
((what they did, found & meaningwhat they did, found & meaning))Dalton, P. A. and M. J. Stokes. Acoustic myography reflects force changes during dynamic concentric and eccentric contractions of the human biceps brachii muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 63:412-416, 1991.
Biceps brachii EMG and PMG amplitude
Lifted different wall pulley weights, 0 to 8.5 kg
iAMG and iEMG both increased linearly with force during concentric and eccentric contractions, with slopes of concentric regression lines significantly different than eccentric regression lines
Dalton, P. A. and M. J. Stokes. Frequency of acoustic myography during isometric contraction of fresh and fatigued muscle and during dynamic contractions. Muscle Nerve. 16:255-261. 1993.
Isometric: Rectus femoris
AMG MPF Isometric muscle actions of rectus femoris at 10, 25, 50, 60, 75, and 100% MVC; rectus femoris was measured under both “fresh” and “fatigued” conditions.
For rectus femoris, AMG MPF increased quadratically under both fresh and fatigued conditions, with no significant difference between conditions. During concentric contractions of biceps brachii the MPF increased with force, but decreased at the heavier loads. The MPF of eccentric contractions of biceps brachii did not significantly alter with force.
Concentric and Eccentric: Biceps brachii
Concentric and eccentric muscle actions of biceps brachii with 0.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 kg
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Step 6 – Write theStep 6 – Write theLiterature ReviewLiterature Review
Three components:Three components:1.1. IntroductionIntroduction (1-2 pages) (1-2 pages)
2.2. BodyBody (10-15 pages) (10-15 pages)
3.3. SummarySummary and Conclusion (1 page) and Conclusion (1 page)
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Citing Your ReferencesCiting Your References
For this class, use either American For this class, use either American Psychological Association (APA) 5Psychological Association (APA) 5thth edition guidelines or AMA journal style edition guidelines or AMA journal style ((talk to your chairtalk to your chair))
Example:Example:
Khamoui AV, Brown LE, Nguyen D, Uribe BP, Coburn JW, Noffal, GJ, Tran TT. Relationship between force-time and velocity-time characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(1):198-204, 2011.
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Reference ListReference List
Entries should be arranged in Entries should be arranged in alphabeticalalphabetical order by order by authors' last names. authors' last names.
Write out the last name and initials for all authors of Write out the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work. a particular work.
Capitalize only the first word of a title or subtitle, Capitalize only the first word of a title or subtitle, and any proper names that are part of a title. and any proper names that are part of a title.
1. Celes R, Brown LE, Pereira MCC, Schwartz FP, Junior VAR, Bottaro M. Gender muscle recovery during isokinetic exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 31(12):886-889, 2010.
2. Khamoui AV, Brown LE, Nguyen D, Uribe BP, Coburn JW, Noffal, GJ, Tran TT. Relationship between force-time and velocity-time characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(1):198-204, 2011.
Information for AuthorsInformation for Authors http://
journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Pages/InstructionsforAuthors.aspx
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