1ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Air Quality Reporting and Air Quality Reporting and AssessmentAssessment

RNDr. Jaroslav Fiala, CSc.

Czech Hydrometeorological Istitute

2ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Air pollution is still a serious Air pollution is still a serious environmental problemenvironmental problem

Despite apparent improvement of air quality over the past decades, there are still substantial impacts on human health, ecosystems and crops.

Loss of statistical life expectancy (months) due to anthropogenic PM2.5 emissions

Current levels of particles and ozone concentrations cause annually around 380,000 premature deaths in Europe

Around 47% of EU’s sensitive ecosystem area received nitrogen (a nutrient) at levels that cause eutrophication and can lead to ecosystem alterations and biodiversity loss

3ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

How EEA cotributes to solv air pollution issues?How EEA cotributes to solv air pollution issues?

• Collect, process and disseminate air emission and air quality data

• Assess and report on trends in air emissions and in air quality

• Assess impact of air pollution • Support the development, implementation and

evaluation of EU policies• Cooperate with European and international

organisations/institutions

EEA provides information support for policy makers:EEA provides information support for policy makers:

4ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Legal framework of AQ reporting in EULegal framework of AQ reporting in EU

• Air quality framework directive 96/62/EC• Daughter directives to 96/62/EC

– 1st DD (1999/30/EC) SO2, NO2, NOx, PM10, lead

– 2nd DD (2000/69/EC) benzene, CO

– 3rd DD (2002/3/EC) ozone

– 4th DD (2004/107/EC) Cd, As, Hg, Ni and PAHs

• Decision 2004/461/EC laying down a questionnaire to be used for annual reporting on ambient air quality assessment in zones and agglomerations

• Exchange of Information, Decision 97/101/EC establishing a reciprocal exchange of (AQ) information and data from networks within the member states

5ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Guiding documentsGuiding documents

• Guidance on the annexes to Decision 97/101/EC on exchange of information as revised by Decision 2001/752/EC (April 2002)

• Commission Decision 2004/279/EC concerning guidance for implementation of Directive 2002/3/EC relating on ozone in ambient air

• Guidance on AQ assessment in zones and agglomerations

6ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

EEA’s ROLE: EEA’s ROLE: Public DATABASES and Public DATABASES and INTERACTIVE TOOLSINTERACTIVE TOOLS

• AirBase: air quality monitoring data• Air Emissions database• EPER: high emissions from certain industrial

facilities to both air and water • Pilot ozone-web: near-real time ozone data

7ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Data service – Air Quality DataData service – Air Quality Data

Publicly available Airbase measurement data: http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/available2.asp?

type=findkeyword&theme=air%20quality

AirBase Air Viewer:http://

dataservice.eea.europa.eu/map/airview/

http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/map/airview/?configfile=config_value.xml&sessionid=27072

8ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Daughter Directive1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

SO2 NO2 NOx/NO PM10 PM2.5 Pb CO C6H6 O3 VOC HM PAHReporting EU countries 26 26 24 26 15 14 26 20 26 10 11 4Total number of stations 2152 2663 1878 2229 257 257 1219 566 1948 149 263 49Of whichTraffic 466 766 643 648 77 62 627 269 326 87 63 7Urban background 847 1088 647 948 104 97 409 197 911 45 85 30Industrial 506 423 307 359 21 55 117 65 217 10 55 5Regional background 293 339 275 236 48 43 46 29 446 7 60 7

Reporting non-EU countries 6 7 7 6 3 6 5 7 2Total number of stations 84 90 59 60 12 32 16 56 6Of whichTraffic 27 34 26 25 9 20 12 17 1Urban background 30 30 17 19 3 4 3 14 3Industrial 15 12 7 7 6 7Regional background 12 14 9 9 2 1 18 2

Total reporting countries 32 33 31 32 18 14 32 25 33 12 11 4Total number of stations 2236 2753 1937 2289 269 257 1251 582 2004 155 263 49

Airbase

http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/metadetails.asp?id=949

9ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Data service – Air EmissionsData service – Air Emissions

EEA air pollutant emissions data viewer (NEC D)http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/viewdata/viewpvt.asp?id=444

EEA air pollutant emissions data viewer (CLRTAP) http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/viewdata/viewpvt.asp?id=435

European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER)

http://eper.ec.europa.eu/eper/flashmap.asp

10ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

OzoneWebOzoneWeb

• A GIS-based system for collecting, providing and visualizing near real-time ambient ozone levels across Europe.

• Also provides background information on ozone and its health impacts.

• Website aimed at use by the general public.

• http://www.eea.europa.eu/maps/ozone/map/

• Developed 1st half 2006. Live in June 2006

11ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Ozone web - statusOzone web - status

12ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

EEA’s ROLE: ASSESSMENTSEEA’s ROLE: ASSESSMENTS

• Indicators• Spatial assessment – AQ mapping• Air Pollution in Europe Report• Environment for Europe - The Fourth Assessment

(Belgrade) Report • Summer Ozone Report• Tropospheric Ozone Report

13ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

EEA activities: IndicatorsEEA activities: Indicators

14ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Indicators – emissions of primárních PM a SIA precursorsIndicators – emissions of primárních PM a SIA precursors

• Aggregated emissions of PPM (PM10) and secondary particulate precursors (NOx, SO2, NH3) were reduced by 45% across the EEA member countries between 1990 and 2005

• This was mainly due to the reduction in emissions of the secondary particulate precursors which were reduced by 45% during this period, but also due to reductions in primary PM10 emissions from energy industries, due to the move away from coal to natural gas for electricity generation and improvements in the performance of particulate abatement equipment at coal-fired power stations

• Total EU-15 emissions of fine particles were reduced by 46% between 1990 and 2005 with the highest decrease in the energy industry sector which reduced its emissions by 65% during this period

• EU-12 emissions of fine particulate matter were reduced by 54% mainly due to reductions achieved in the industry and energy sectors which reduced their emissions by 70% and 60%, respectively

15ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Air Quality IndicatorsAir Quality Indicators

In the period 1997-2005• 16-45% of the urban population was potentially exposed to ambient air

concentrations of PM10 in excess of the EU limit value set for the protection of human health.  No discernible trend over the period.

• 21-47% of the urban population was potentially exposed to ambient air NO2 concentrations above the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (40 g NO2/m3 annual mean). There was a slight downwards trend over the period

• 13-60% of the urban population in Europe was exposed to ambient ozone concentrations exceeding the EU target value set for the protection of human health (120 g O3/m3 daily maximum 8-hourly average, not to be exceeded more than 25 times a calendar year). There was no discernible trend over the period

Populací vážené roční průměrné koncentrace PM10 / µg.m-3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

AT BE BG CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

16ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

AQQsAQQsList of zones in EU Member States

in relation to air quality thresholds

laid down in Council Directives 96/62/EC, 1999/30/EC, 2000/69/EC and 2002/3/EC

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/legislation/pdf/zones_2006.pdf

17ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Air Quality Air Quality MappingMapping

18ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Air pollution health impact assessmentAir pollution health impact assessmentPremature deaths per 1 000 000 due to air pollution

0 500 1000 1500 2000

BulgariaRomaniaGreeceCroatia

HungaryItaly

BelgiumCzech

PortugalSan Marino

MaltaNetherlands

SloveniaSlovakia

SpainPoland

GermanyUnitedLatvia

LithuaniaAustria

DenmarkFranceEstonia

LuxembourgSw eden

FinlandIreland

PM10

Ozone

EEA : EU24 (EU25 - CY): 327,000 premature deaths attributable to particulate pollution, 2004

CAFE Thematic Strategy: 348,000 attributable deaths (year 2000)

19ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Outputs - ProductsOutputs - Products

• EEA state and outlooks reports• EEA studies• Brífinky• EEA technical reports• EEA multimedia publications• Internet/web services

www.eea.europa.eu

20ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

DPSIR casual chain applied in assessmentsDPSIR casual chain applied in assessments

21ETC/ACC Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Selected AQ ReportsSelected AQ Reports

• Air pollution in Europe 1990-2004 http://reports.eea.europa.eu/eea_report_2007_2/en

• Europe's environment — The fourth assessment http://reports.eea.europa.eu/state_of_environment_report_2007_1/en

• Air pollution by ozone across Europe during summer 2007 http://reports.eea.europa.eu/technical_report_2008_5/en