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Exercise 2Exercise 2The MotherboardThe Motherboard

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Motherboard Form FactorsMotherboard Form Factors

AT-TypeAT-Type

Baby or Mini ATBaby or Mini AT

ATX-TypeATX-Type

Proprietary DesignsProprietary Designs

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Proprietary MotherboardProprietary Motherboard

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ATXATX Motherboard Motherboard

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Some motherboards are designed Some motherboards are designed for the original Pentium Processorfor the original Pentium Processor

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Others are designed for the Others are designed for the Pentium II ProcessorPentium II Processor

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AT Motherboard with Pentium CPU

AT Motherboard with Pentium CPU

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Power DistributionPower Distribution

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AT-Motherboard Power ConnectorsAT-Motherboard Power Connectors

BlackWiresBlackWires

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Power Connector

Power Connector

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Edge View of MotherboardEdge View of Motherboard

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Voltages supplied to the Voltages supplied to the motherboardmotherboard

+ 5 Volts+ 5 Volts

- 5 Volts- 5 Volts

+ 12 Volts+ 12 Volts

- 12 Volts- 12 Volts

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Voltage RegulatorVoltage Regulator

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CPU SocketCPU Socket

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The MPUThe MPU

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The Pin Grid Array (PGA) Socket.The Pin Grid Array (PGA) Socket.

MPUMPU

SocketSocket

LeverLever

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1.1.

2.

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3.3.

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4.

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FanFan

Heat SinkHeat Sink

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CPUCPU

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Industry Standard Architecture Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus.(ISA) Bus.

8-MHz Speed8-MHz Speed

Supports 8-bit and 16-bit data transferSupports 8-bit and 16-bit data transfer

Used for slow speed operations such as Used for slow speed operations such as modems and sound cards.modems and sound cards.

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ISA BUSISA BUS

8-bit Cards

16-bit Cards

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Motherboard

ISA boards installed.ISA boards installed.

16-Bit16-Bit

8-Bit8-Bit

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Peripheral Component Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) BusInterconnect (PCI) Bus

33 MHz33 MHz

Handles 32-bit and 64-bit data transfersHandles 32-bit and 64-bit data transfers

Processor independentProcessor independent

Supports Plug and PlaySupports Plug and Play

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PCI BUSPCI BUS

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SIMMsSIMMs

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Single In-line Memory Module (SIMM)

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Cache MemoryCache

Memory

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The Chip SetThe Chip Set

The support chips that make the The support chips that make the microprocessor a microcomputer.microprocessor a microcomputer.

Applications Specific Integrated Circuits Applications Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) that provide the signals, (ASICs) that provide the signals, controllers, interfaces and buffers that the controllers, interfaces and buffers that the system needs to operate.system needs to operate.

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ChipsetChipset

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Main functions of the ChipsetMain functions of the Chipset

A System Controller handles timing, A System Controller handles timing, interrupt and DMA control, and power interrupt and DMA control, and power management.management.

A Memory Controller provides A Memory Controller provides interconnection and control of memory interconnection and control of memory systems.systems.

A Peripheral Controller connects the MPU A Peripheral Controller connects the MPU to internal and external devices such as disk to internal and external devices such as disk drives, buses, and peripherals.drives, buses, and peripherals.

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Super I/OControllerSuper I/OController

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Super I\O ControllerSuper I\O Controller

Interface to the floppy drive.Interface to the floppy drive.

Interface to serial ports.Interface to serial ports.

Interface to parallel ports.Interface to parallel ports.

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KeyboardControllerKeyboardController

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Keyboard ControllerKeyboard Controller

Communicates with the microprocessor in Communicates with the microprocessor in the keyboard.the keyboard.

Performs a parity check.Performs a parity check.

Converts serial data from the keyboard into Converts serial data from the keyboard into the parallel data needed by the computer.the parallel data needed by the computer.

Generates an interrupt to alert the system Generates an interrupt to alert the system that a key has been depressed.that a key has been depressed.

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ROMBIOSROMBIOS

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Identifying the ROM BIOS.Identifying the ROM BIOS.

R3.60

Socket

Version #

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Electrically-Erasable Electrically-Erasable PROM… EEPROMPROM… EEPROM

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Real TimeClock

Real TimeClock

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The Real Time Clock (RTC) The Real Time Clock (RTC) contains:contains:

ClockClock

CMOS memoryCMOS memory

And in some cases the battery.And in some cases the battery.

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CMOS is used to hold SETUP CMOS is used to hold SETUP information.information.

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The FRUs on the Motherboard The FRUs on the Motherboard include:include:

The MPUThe MPU

Any board plugged into the PCI bus.Any board plugged into the PCI bus.

Any board plugged into the ISA bus.Any board plugged into the ISA bus.

The SIMMsThe SIMMs

The ROM BIOSThe ROM BIOS

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ATXATX Motherboard Motherboard

9.6 ”

12 ”

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Power DistributionPower Distribution

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ATX-Motherboard Power ConnectorATX-Motherboard Power Connector

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Motherboard Power Motherboard Power ConnectorConnector

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Power

ConnectorPower

Connector

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Power Supply Output VoltagesPower Supply Output VoltagesATX-TypeATX-Type

+5 Volts+5 Volts

+12 Volts+12 Volts

-12 Volts-12 Volts

-5 Volts-5 Volts

+3.3 Volts+3.3 Volts

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Pentium 4,Heat Sink & Fan

Pentium 4,Heat Sink & Fan

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ISA Bus?ISA Bus?

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PCI BusPCI Bus

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AGP AGP

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Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)

Operates at twice the speed of the PCI bus Operates at twice the speed of the PCI bus or at 66MHz.or at 66MHz.

Even higher speed versions are being Even higher speed versions are being developed.developed.

Presently used only by Video Cards Presently used only by Video Cards

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DIMMsDIMMs

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Dual In-line Memory Modules (DIMMs)Dual In-line Memory Modules (DIMMs)have components and pin have components and pin

connections on both sides of board.connections on both sides of board.

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ChipsetChipset

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Super I/OControllerSuper I/OController

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ROM BIOSROM BIOS

BatteryBattery

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I/O PortsI/O Ports

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10101 10101

I/O PortsI/O Ports

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The motherboard is the heart and The motherboard is the heart and soul of the computer.soul of the computer.