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GPS ASSIGNMENTGPS ASSIGNMENT

Ashley GoodwinAshley Goodwin

11stst Block Block

Dr. LineBargerDr. LineBarger

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Table of ContentsTable of Contents Introduction: Page 1Introduction: Page 1 Assignment #1: Pages 3-8Assignment #1: Pages 3-8 Assignment #2: Pages 9-13Assignment #2: Pages 9-13 Assignment # 4: Pages 14-20Assignment # 4: Pages 14-20 Assignment #5: Pages 21-29Assignment #5: Pages 21-29 Assignment # 7: Pages 30-34Assignment # 7: Pages 30-34 Assignment # 9: Pages 35-40Assignment # 9: Pages 35-40

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GPS ASSIGNMENT SSWH#1GPS ASSIGNMENT SSWH#1 SSWH1 The student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of

complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE.

A. Describe the development of Mesopotamian societies; include the religious, cultural, economic, and political facets of society, with attention to Hammurabi’s law code.

B. Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in Ancient Egypt.

C. Explain the development of monotheism; include the concepts developed by the ancient Hebrews, and Zoroastrianism.

D. Identify early trading networks and writing systems existent in the Eastern Mediterranean, including those of the Phoenicians.

E. Explain the development and importance of writing; include cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.

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Discuss the aspects of theMesopotamia Society

People began to live and farm People began to live and farm in Mesopotamia before 4500 in Mesopotamia before 4500 B.C. around 3000 B.C. this is B.C. around 3000 B.C. this is around the time the Sumerians around the time the Sumerians arrived.arrived.

Three disadvantages to their Three disadvantages to their environment: unable to predict environment: unable to predict a flood, period of little/no rain, a flood, period of little/no rain, the village was defenseless, the village was defenseless, natural resources were limited.natural resources were limited.

The earliest language written The earliest language written in Mesopotamia was in Mesopotamia was Sumerian.Sumerian.

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Explain the development of Monotheism. Define and Explain the development of Monotheism. Define and explain Zoroastrianism.explain Zoroastrianism.

Monotheism is the belief in one God, it comes from the Monotheism is the belief in one God, it comes from the Greek words mono, which means “one”, and theism Greek words mono, which means “one”, and theism which means “god-worship”. which means “god-worship”.

Hebrews were Monotheists they believed in only one Hebrews were Monotheists they believed in only one God which they called Yahweh. They believed Yahweh God which they called Yahweh. They believed Yahweh had power over all peoples, he was not a physical being, had power over all peoples, he was not a physical being, and no physical images were to be made of him. They and no physical images were to be made of him. They asked him for protection from their enemies.asked him for protection from their enemies.

Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster, after whom teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster, after whom the religion is named. In this religion water (apo,aban) the religion is named. In this religion water (apo,aban) and fire (atar,adar) are agents of ritual purity. Most and fire (atar,adar) are agents of ritual purity. Most Zoroastrians are found in India, Italy, Pakistan and Iran, Zoroastrians are found in India, Italy, Pakistan and Iran, communication with them is uncommon today.communication with them is uncommon today.

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Discuss the early trading networks and writing systems. Discuss the early trading networks and writing systems. Discuss the importance of the Phoenicians.Discuss the importance of the Phoenicians.

After Crete’s decline, the most powerful traders along the After Crete’s decline, the most powerful traders along the Mediterranean were the Phoenicians. Important trading Mediterranean were the Phoenicians. Important trading cities in Phoenicia included Byblos, Tyre, and Sidon.cities in Phoenicia included Byblos, Tyre, and Sidon.

The Phoenicians traded goods they got from other lands The Phoenicians traded goods they got from other lands wine, weapons, precious metals, ivory, and slaves. They wine, weapons, precious metals, ivory, and slaves. They were also known for great crafts made from wood, metal, were also known for great crafts made from wood, metal, glass and ivory.glass and ivory.

The Phoenicians invented a quick writing system that The Phoenicians invented a quick writing system that used words for sound and they introduced this writing used words for sound and they introduced this writing system to their trading partners.system to their trading partners.

The Phoenicians started the early trading systems and The Phoenicians started the early trading systems and they invented the alphabet.they invented the alphabet.

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Define and discuss the importance of cuneiform, Define and discuss the importance of cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.

Cuneiform is a system of writing with wedge shaped Cuneiform is a system of writing with wedge shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians around 3000 B.C. symbols, invented by the Sumerians around 3000 B.C. Cuneiform was one of the first recorded languages to be Cuneiform was one of the first recorded languages to be used.used.

Hieroglyphics was an ancient Egyptian writing system Hieroglyphics was an ancient Egyptian writing system where pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds. where pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds. Pictures stood for ideas in hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics Pictures stood for ideas in hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics comes from glyph which means “sacred carving”. They comes from glyph which means “sacred carving”. They played a important role in describing and understanding played a important role in describing and understanding the past history of Egypt.the past history of Egypt.

The Phoenician alphabet was a writing system that The Phoenician alphabet was a writing system that developed out of the North Semitic alphabet and was developed out of the North Semitic alphabet and was spread over the Mediterranean area by Phoenician spread over the Mediterranean area by Phoenician traders.traders.

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GPS Assignment SSWH #2GPS Assignment SSWH #2 SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese

and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE.

A. Describe the development of Indian civilization; include the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire, the “Golden Age” under Gupta, and the emperor Ashoka.

B. Explain the development and impact of Hinduism and Buddhism on India and subsequent diffusion of Buddhism.

C. Describe the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou and Qin.

D. Explain the impact of Confucianism on Chinese culture; include the examination system, the Mandate of Heaven, the status of peasants, the status of merchants, and the patriarchal family, and explain diffusion to Southeast Asia, Japan, and Korea.

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Discuss the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire. Discuss the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire. Discuss the Golden Age. Discuss AsokaDiscuss the Golden Age. Discuss Asoka

Chandragupta began the Maurya Empire in 321 B.C. This Chandragupta began the Maurya Empire in 321 B.C. This united India for the first time.united India for the first time.

Government raised money through tax income, farm from Government raised money through tax income, farm from trade, farming and mining.trade, farming and mining.

Gupta’s grandson Asoka brought the Mauryan Empire to Gupta’s grandson Asoka brought the Mauryan Empire to its greatest heights. its greatest heights.

After his death the empire fell apart. A 500 year period of After his death the empire fell apart. A 500 year period of turmoil followed his death.turmoil followed his death.

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Define Hinduism and Buddhism. What Define Hinduism and Buddhism. What impact did they have on India.impact did they have on India.

Buddhism teaches that desire causes suffering and that Buddhism teaches that desire causes suffering and that humans should overcome desire by following the Eightfold humans should overcome desire by following the Eightfold Path. Path.

By 250 B.C. Hinduism and Buddhism were India's two By 250 B.C. Hinduism and Buddhism were India's two main faiths.main faiths.

Hinduism is a complex polytheistic religion that blended Hinduism is a complex polytheistic religion that blended Aryan beliefs with the many Gods and cults of the diverse Aryan beliefs with the many Gods and cults of the diverse peoples who preceded them.peoples who preceded them.

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Discuss the Zhou and QinDiscuss the Zhou and Qin

In the third century B.C. the Qin Dynasty In the third century B.C. the Qin Dynasty replaced the Zhou Dynasty.replaced the Zhou Dynasty.

The ruler who founded the Qin dynasty The ruler who founded the Qin dynasty employed Legalist ideas to subdue the warning employed Legalist ideas to subdue the warning states and unify his country.states and unify his country.

In 202 B.C. the Qin dynasty gave way to the In 202 B.C. the Qin dynasty gave way to the Han dynasty, one of the largest in Chinese Han dynasty, one of the largest in Chinese history.history.

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Discuss Confucianism. What impact did it have. Discuss Confucianism. What impact did it have. Discuss the mandate of heaven.Discuss the mandate of heaven.

Confucianism has no clergy and with no Gods to worship, Confucianism has no clergy and with no Gods to worship, Confucianism is not a real religion in the traditional sense. Confucianism is not a real religion in the traditional sense. It’s an ethical system that provides direction for personal It’s an ethical system that provides direction for personal behavior and good government.behavior and good government.

The Mandate of Heaven in Chinese history, the divine The Mandate of Heaven in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority. The approval thought to be the basis of royal authority. The Mandate became central to the Chinese view of Mandate became central to the Chinese view of government.government.

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GPS ASSIGNMENT SSWH4:GPS ASSIGNMENT SSWH4:

A. Explain the relationship of the Byzantine Empire to the Roman Empire.

B. Describe the significance of Justinian’s law code, Theodora and the role of women, and Byzantine art and architecture.

C. Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire.

D. Analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center.

E. Explain the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia, with particular attention to its impact on Tsar Ivan III and Kiev.

F. Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism.

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Explain the relationship of the Explain the relationship of the Byzantine Empire to the Roman EmpireByzantine Empire to the Roman Empire A separate government and difficult communications with A separate government and difficult communications with

the west gave the Byzantine Empire its own character, the west gave the Byzantine Empire its own character, which was different from that of the Roman Empire. Most which was different from that of the Roman Empire. Most Byzantines spoke Greek.Byzantines spoke Greek.

In 527 a high ranking Byzantine nobleman named In 527 a high ranking Byzantine nobleman named Justinian gained his uncles throne from the Eastern Justinian gained his uncles throne from the Eastern Empire. Soon he set up an complex society. He did this Empire. Soon he set up an complex society. He did this by establishing the Justinian Code. by establishing the Justinian Code.

The Justinian Code consisted of four major works.The Justinian Code consisted of four major works.

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Describe the significance of the Justinian’s code, Describe the significance of the Justinian’s code, Theodora and the role of women, and the Theodora and the role of women, and the

Byzantine art and architecture.Byzantine art and architecture. Justinian’s code was very Justinian’s code was very

important. It decided legal important. It decided legal questions that regulated questions that regulated whole areas of Byzantine whole areas of Byzantine life. Marriage, slavery, life. Marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, property, inheritance, women’s rights, and criminal women’s rights, and criminal justice were just some of justice were just some of those areas.those areas.

Theorda was the most Theorda was the most powerful women in powerful women in Byzantine history. She came Byzantine history. She came from poverty, early in life from poverty, early in life Theorda was and actress. Theorda was and actress. Soon she meet Justinian, Soon she meet Justinian, and in 525 they married.and in 525 they married.

Theorda died in 548, this Theorda died in 548, this caused Justinian to caused Justinian to become so depressed become so depressed that he passed no major that he passed no major laws for the rest of his laws for the rest of his reign.reign.

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Analyze the establishment of Christianity as Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire.the official religion of the Byzantine Empire.

During the Byzantine Empire, Christianity underwent a During the Byzantine Empire, Christianity underwent a dramatic development. It had begun to develop differently dramatic development. It had begun to develop differently in the Western and Eastern Roman Empires due largely in the Western and Eastern Roman Empires due largely to the distance and lack of contact between the two to the distance and lack of contact between the two regions.regions.

As the east and west grew apart, the two traditions of As the east and west grew apart, the two traditions of Christianity competed for converts. Missionaries from the Christianity competed for converts. Missionaries from the Orthodox Church, for example, took their form of Orthodox Church, for example, took their form of Christianity to the Slavs, (groups that inhabited the Christianity to the Slavs, (groups that inhabited the forests north of the black sea.)forests north of the black sea.)

The two most successful missionaries, Saint Methodius The two most successful missionaries, Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril, worked among the Slavs in the ninth and Saint Cyril, worked among the Slavs in the ninth century.century.

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Analyze the role of Constantinople as Analyze the role of Constantinople as trading and religious center.trading and religious center.

The main street running The main street running through Constantinople through Constantinople was the Mese or “Middle was the Mese or “Middle Way”. Merchant stalls Way”. Merchant stalls lines the main street and lines the main street and filled the side streets. filled the side streets. Products from the most Products from the most distant corners of Asia, distant corners of Asia, Africa, and Europe Africa, and Europe passed through the stalls.passed through the stalls.

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Explain the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Explain the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia with particular attention to its impact on Russia with particular attention to its impact on

Tsar Ivan IIITsar Ivan III

Thanks to its Byzantine ties, Kiev grew from Thanks to its Byzantine ties, Kiev grew from a cluster of crude wooden forts to the a cluster of crude wooden forts to the glittering capital of a prosperous and glittering capital of a prosperous and educated people.educated people.

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Define the role of Orthodox Christianity Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schismand the Schism

Orthodox Christianity believes in the gospel of Jesus Orthodox Christianity believes in the gospel of Jesus and in the bible. They also believe that God uses and in the bible. They also believe that God uses sacraments to convey his love to humans. The services sacraments to convey his love to humans. The services are conducted in Greek or local languages.are conducted in Greek or local languages.

The largest of the Eastern Orthodox churches is the The largest of the Eastern Orthodox churches is the Russian Orthodox Church. It claims 90 million members Russian Orthodox Church. It claims 90 million members worldwide.worldwide.

Schism was a major split within an established religious Schism was a major split within an established religious denomination, usually on the grounds of differences in denomination, usually on the grounds of differences in belief or practice, leading to the setting up of a separate belief or practice, leading to the setting up of a separate breakaway organization, or the offense of causing such breakaway organization, or the offense of causing such a splita split

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GPS Assignment SSWH #5:GPS Assignment SSWH #5:

A. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. B. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and

Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. C. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia

Muslims. D. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn

Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta). E. Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World

and Europe. F. Analyze the impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire;

include the stabilization of trading networks from China to the Mediterranean world.

G. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

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Explain the origins of Islam and the Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. growth of the Islamic Empire.

Islam means “ submission to the will of Allah.” Their God Islam means “ submission to the will of Allah.” Their God is called Allah. The founder of Islam is Muhammad, the is called Allah. The founder of Islam is Muhammad, the holy book they use is called Qur'an. Islam has no clergy holy book they use is called Qur'an. Islam has no clergy but a scholar class called the Ulama and the Imam, who but a scholar class called the Ulama and the Imam, who may lead prayers.may lead prayers.

Person achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Person achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and having a just life. These pillars are: faith, Islam and having a just life. These pillars are: faith, prayer, almsgiving, or charity to the poor, fasting which prayer, almsgiving, or charity to the poor, fasting which Muslims perform during Ramadan: pilgrimage to Mecca.Muslims perform during Ramadan: pilgrimage to Mecca.

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Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic Europe, and Africa and assess the economic

impact of this trade.impact of this trade.

Two major sea-Two major sea-trading networks trading networks existed the existed the Mediterranean sea Mediterranean sea and the Indian Ocean. and the Indian Ocean. Through these Through these networks, the Muslim networks, the Muslim Empire could engage Empire could engage in sea trade with the in sea trade with the rest of the world.rest of the world.

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Explain the reasons for the split Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslimsbetween Sunni and Shia Muslims

SunniSunni ShiaShia

Believe that the first four caliphs Believe that the first four caliphs were “rightly guided”were “rightly guided”

Believe that Ali, the Prophet’s son-Believe that Ali, the Prophet’s son-in-law, should have succeeded in-law, should have succeeded Muhammad.Muhammad.

Believe that Muslim rulers should Believe that Muslim rulers should follow the Sunni, or Muhammad’s follow the Sunni, or Muhammad’s example. example.

Believe that all Muslim rulers Believe that all Muslim rulers should be descended from should be descended from Muhammad; do not recognize the Muhammad; do not recognize the authority of the Sunna.authority of the Sunna.

Claim that the Shi’a have distorted Claim that the Shi’a have distorted the meaning of various passages the meaning of various passages in the Qur’anin the Qur’an

Claim that the Sunni have distorted Claim that the Sunni have distorted the meaning of various passages the meaning of various passages in the Qur’an.in the Qur’an.

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Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography ( Ibn Battuta)medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography ( Ibn Battuta)

IBN Battuta(1325) traveled to Mecca for a pilgrimage and while IBN Battuta(1325) traveled to Mecca for a pilgrimage and while there he decided to devote his life to travel. He dictated a book that there he decided to devote his life to travel. He dictated a book that was an encyclopedia of Islamic practices around the world. He was was an encyclopedia of Islamic practices around the world. He was an Moroccan Muslim scholar and traveler who is known for the an Moroccan Muslim scholar and traveler who is known for the account of his travels and excursions. His journeys lasted for a account of his travels and excursions. His journeys lasted for a period of nearly thirty years and covered almost the entirety of the period of nearly thirty years and covered almost the entirety of the known Islamic world and beyond, extending from North Africa, West known Islamic world and beyond, extending from North Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Easter Europe in the West, to the Africa, Southern Europe and Easter Europe in the West, to the Middle East, Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and Middle East, Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance readily surpassing that of his China in the East, a distance readily surpassing that of his predecessors and his near-contemporary Marco Polo. predecessors and his near-contemporary Marco Polo.

IBN Sina was born in 980 C.E. in the village of Shana near IBN Sina was born in 980 C.E. in the village of Shana near Bulchara Russia. His father Abdullah, was from Balkh and his Bulchara Russia. His father Abdullah, was from Balkh and his mother near Bukhara. He turned his attention to Medicine at the mother near Bukhara. He turned his attention to Medicine at the age of 17 years and found it, in his own words, age of 17 years and found it, in his own words, "not difficult""not difficult". . However he was greatly troubled by metaphysical problems and in However he was greatly troubled by metaphysical problems and in particular the works of Aristotle. particular the works of Aristotle.

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Describe the impact of the Crusades on both Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe.the Islamic World and Europe.

The Crusades are a forceful example of the The Crusades are a forceful example of the power of the church during the medieval period. power of the church during the medieval period. The call to go to the Holy Land encouraged The call to go to the Holy Land encouraged thousands to leave their homes and travel to thousands to leave their homes and travel to faraway lands. Those who stayed home, faraway lands. Those who stayed home, especially women had a chance to manage especially women had a chance to manage affairs on the estates or to operate shops and affairs on the estates or to operate shops and inns.inns.

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Analyze the impact of the expansion of the Mongol Analyze the impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire; include the stabilization of trading Empire; include the stabilization of trading

networks from Mediterranean world.networks from Mediterranean world. Around 1200, a Mongol clan leader Temujin sought to Around 1200, a Mongol clan leader Temujin sought to

unify the Mongols under his leadership. He fought and unify the Mongols under his leadership. He fought and defeated his rivals one by one. Over the next 21 years defeated his rivals one by one. Over the next 21 years Genghis led the Mongols in conquering much of Asia.Genghis led the Mongols in conquering much of Asia.

His first goal was China. Soon Central Asia was under His first goal was China. Soon Central Asia was under Mongol control. Shortly after Genghis died the Mongols Mongol control. Shortly after Genghis died the Mongols conquered territory from China to Poland.conquered territory from China to Poland.

The Mongols guaranteed safe passage for trade, The Mongols guaranteed safe passage for trade, caravans, travelers, and missionaries from one end of caravans, travelers, and missionaries from one end of the empire to another. Trade between Europe and Asia the empire to another. Trade between Europe and Asia had never been more active. Ideas and inventions had never been more active. Ideas and inventions traveled along with the trade goods.traveled along with the trade goods.

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Analyze the relationship between Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

JudaismJudaism Christianity Christianity IslamIslam14.5 million followers14.5 million followers 2 billion followers2 billion followers 1.2 billion followers1.2 billion followers

God: YahwehGod: Yahweh God: God/ Jesus ChristGod: God/ Jesus Christ God: AllahGod: Allah

Founder: AbrahamFounder: Abraham Founder: Jesus ChristFounder: Jesus Christ Founder: MuhammadFounder: Muhammad

Holy Book: Hebrew BibleHoly Book: Hebrew Bible Holy Book: BibleHoly Book: Bible Holy Book: Qur’anHoly Book: Qur’an

Leadership: RabbisLeadership: Rabbis Leadership: Priests, Leadership: Priests, ministers, and nunsministers, and nuns

Leadership: No clergy but a Leadership: No clergy but a scholar class called the scholar class called the Ulama and the imam (lead Ulama and the imam (lead the prayers)the prayers)

Beliefs: There is only one Beliefs: There is only one God, who watches over and God, who watches over and cares for his people.cares for his people.

Beliefs: There is only one Beliefs: There is only one God who watches over and God who watches over and cares for his people.cares for his people.

Beliefs: People achieve Beliefs: People achieve salvation by following the five salvation by following the five Islam “Pillars of Faith”Islam “Pillars of Faith”

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GPS Assignment SSWH #7:GPS Assignment SSWH #7:

A. Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the importance of Charlemagne.

B. Describe the political impact of Christianity; include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV.

C. Explain the role of the church in medieval society.

D. Describe how increasing trade led to the growth of towns and cities.

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Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the

importance of Charlemagne.importance of Charlemagne.

During the Middle Ages, the manor system was the basic During the Middle Ages, the manor system was the basic economic arrangement. The manor rested on a set of economic arrangement. The manor rested on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs. rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs.

The manor was a largely self-sufficient community. The The manor was a largely self-sufficient community. The serfs and peasants raised or produced early everything serfs and peasants raised or produced early everything that they needed and what their lord needed for daily life- that they needed and what their lord needed for daily life- crops, milk, cheese, fuel, cloth, leather goods, and crops, milk, cheese, fuel, cloth, leather goods, and lumber.lumber.

Peasants paid tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill. Peasants paid tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill. Peasants also paid tax on marriage.Peasants also paid tax on marriage.

Charlemagne or “Charles the Great” ruled the kingdom. Charlemagne or “Charles the Great” ruled the kingdom. He conquered new lands to both the south and the east. He conquered new lands to both the south and the east. Through these conquest Charlemagne spread Through these conquest Charlemagne spread Christianity. He reunited Western Europe for the for first Christianity. He reunited Western Europe for the for first time since the Roman Empire.time since the Roman Empire.

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Describe the political impact of Christianity; include Pope Gregory VII and

King Henry IV.

The Church was not happy that kings such as Otto, had The Church was not happy that kings such as Otto, had control over clergy and their offices. It especially resented control over clergy and their offices. It especially resented the practice of lay investiture, a ceremony where Kings the practice of lay investiture, a ceremony where Kings and nobles appointed Church officials. Church reformers and nobles appointed Church officials. Church reformers felt that King’s should not have power like that. In 1075, felt that King’s should not have power like that. In 1075, Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture. The furious Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture. The furious German emperor, Henry IV, called a meeting of the German emperor, Henry IV, called a meeting of the German bishops he appointed. The emperor ordered German bishops he appointed. The emperor ordered Gregory to step down from papacy. Gregory Gregory to step down from papacy. Gregory excommunicated Henry. German bishops sided with the excommunicated Henry. German bishops sided with the pope. pope.

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Explain the role of the church in medieval society.

When Charlemagne was crowned as the Roman When Charlemagne was crowned as the Roman Emperor in 800, the Church sought to influence both Emperor in 800, the Church sought to influence both spiritual and political matters. The Church had it’s own spiritual and political matters. The Church had it’s own organization. Power was based on status. The structure organization. Power was based on status. The structure of the Church consisted of three different ranks of of the Church consisted of three different ranks of clergy( religious officials). clergy( religious officials).

The Pope in Rome headed the Church. All clergy The Pope in Rome headed the Church. All clergy including bishops, and priest fell under his authority. including bishops, and priest fell under his authority. Bishops supervised priests, the lowest ranking members Bishops supervised priests, the lowest ranking members of the clergy.of the clergy.

The Church established courts to try people accused of The Church established courts to try people accused of violating canon law.violating canon law.

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Describe how increasing trade led to the

growth of towns and cities. Most trade took place in towns. People visited the stalls Most trade took place in towns. People visited the stalls

set up by merchants from all parts of Europe. Cloth was set up by merchants from all parts of Europe. Cloth was the most common trade. Other items included bacon, salt, the most common trade. Other items included bacon, salt, honey, cheese, wine, leather, dyes, knives, and ropes. honey, cheese, wine, leather, dyes, knives, and ropes. Local markets met all the needs of daily life for a small Local markets met all the needs of daily life for a small community.community.

Trade routes spread across Europe from Flanders to Italy.Trade routes spread across Europe from Flanders to Italy.

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GPS Assignment SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the

Renaissance and Reformation. A. Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the

rise of Florence and the ideas of Machiavelli.

B. Identify artistic and scientific achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the “Renaissance man,” and Michelangelo.

C. Explain the main characteristics of humanism; include the ideas of Petrarch, Dante, and Erasmus.

D. Analyze the impact of the Protestant Reformation; include the ideas of Martin Luther and John Calvin.

E. Describe the Counter Reformation at the Council of Trent and the role of the Jesuits.

F. Describe the English Reformation and the role of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.

G. Explain the importance of Gutenberg and the invention of the printing press.

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Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of

Florence and the ideas of Machiavelli. A wealthy merchant class developed in each A wealthy merchant class developed in each

Italian city- state. City- states like Milan and Italian city- state. City- states like Milan and Florence were relatively small, a high Florence were relatively small, a high percentage of citizens could be intensely percentage of citizens could be intensely involved in political life. Merchants dominated involved in political life. Merchants dominated politics. Many merchants believed they politics. Many merchants believed they deserved power and wealth because of their deserved power and wealth because of their individualities.individualities.

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Identify artistic and scientific achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the

“Renaissance man,” and Michelangelo. Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and

scientist. A true “Renaissance Man” he was interested in scientist. A true “Renaissance Man” he was interested in how things worked. He studied how a muscle moves and how things worked. He studied how a muscle moves and how veins are arranged in a leaf.how veins are arranged in a leaf.

Leonardo painted one of the best known portraits in the Leonardo painted one of the best known portraits in the world, “ The Mona Lisa.” He also produced a famous world, “ The Mona Lisa.” He also produced a famous religious painting “ The Lat Supper.”religious painting “ The Lat Supper.”

Michelangelo is most famous for the way he portrayed Michelangelo is most famous for the way he portrayed the human body in painting and sculpture. He created the human body in painting and sculpture. He created figures that are forceful and show heroic grandeur. One figures that are forceful and show heroic grandeur. One of his best achievements are “ The Dome of St. Peter’s” of his best achievements are “ The Dome of St. Peter’s” this painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the this painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the structure of Pavid.structure of Pavid.

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Explain the main characteristics of humanism; include the

ideas of Petrarch, Dante, and Erasmus.

Humanism was a system of thought that is Humanism was a system of thought that is based on the values, characteristics, and based on the values, characteristics, and behavior that are believed to be best in human behavior that are believed to be best in human beings, rather than on any supernatural authoritybeings, rather than on any supernatural authority

Francesco Petrarch was one of the earliest and Francesco Petrarch was one of the earliest and most influential humanist. Some have called him most influential humanist. Some have called him the father of Renaissance humanism. The study the father of Renaissance humanism. The study of classical texts led to humanism, and of classical texts led to humanism, and intellectual movement that focused on human intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.potential and achievements.

3939

Analyze the impact of the Protestant Reformation; include the ideas of Martin Luther and John Calvin.

Martin Luther’s parents wanted him to become a lawyer. Martin Luther’s parents wanted him to become a lawyer. Instead he became a monk and a teacher. From 1512 Instead he became a monk and a teacher. From 1512 until his death he taught scripture at the University of until his death he taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg in the German state of Saxony. All he wanted Wittenberg in the German state of Saxony. All he wanted was to be a good Christian and not to lead a religious was to be a good Christian and not to lead a religious revolution.revolution.

Protestantism is a branch of Christianity. It developed Protestantism is a branch of Christianity. It developed during the reformation ( the 16during the reformation ( the 16thth century protest in Europe century protest in Europe against beliefs an practices of the Catholic Church.) against beliefs an practices of the Catholic Church.)

Three distinct branches of Protestantism emerged at first. Three distinct branches of Protestantism emerged at first. They included: Lutheranism, based on the teachings of They included: Lutheranism, based on the teachings of John Calvin in Switzerland, and Anglicanism, which was John Calvin in Switzerland, and Anglicanism, which was established by King Henry VIII in England. Protestantism established by King Henry VIII in England. Protestantism spread through Europe in the 16spread through Europe in the 16thth century, and later the century, and later the world.world.

4040

Describe the Counter Reformation at the Council of Trent and the role of the Jesuits.

To help Catholics remain loyal was a movement within To help Catholics remain loyal was a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself. This movement the Catholic Church to reform itself. This movement was known as the “Catholic/counter Reformation.” was known as the “Catholic/counter Reformation.” Important leaders in this movement were reformers Important leaders in this movement were reformers such as: Ignatius of Loyola, who founded new religious such as: Ignatius of Loyola, who founded new religious orders and two popes.orders and two popes.

In 1540, the pope created a religious order for his In 1540, the pope created a religious order for his followers called the society of Jesus. Members were followers called the society of Jesus. Members were called Jesuit. The Jesuits focused on three activities. called Jesuit. The Jesuits focused on three activities. First they founded schools throughout Europe the First they founded schools throughout Europe the second mission was to convert no Christians to second mission was to convert no Christians to Catholicism. Their third goal was to stop the spread of Catholicism. Their third goal was to stop the spread of Protestantism.Protestantism.

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All information came from the 10th Grade World History Book. The

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