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1
Health & Safety Executive (HSE)
Implements the Health & Safety laws
HEALTH & SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES
Employer/Employee
Health & Safety at Work Act 1974.
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YOUR LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES
• Take reasonable care at work of your own Health & Safety and that of others who may be affected by what you do or do not do
• Do not interfere with or misuse anything provided for your Health & Safety.
• Cooperate with your employer on Health & Safety matters. Assist your employer on meeting statutory obligations
• Bring to your employers attention anything you think represents a serious or imminent danger
• Bring to your employer’s attention any weakness you might spot in their Health & safety arrangements
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EMPLOYERS LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES
• Provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are safe and without risk to health
• Safe in use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances
• Provision of information, instruction, training and supervision as necessary to ensure health and safety at work of employees
• Ensure access to and exit from the workplace is safe
• Provide adequate facilities and arrangements for welfare
• Produce a Health & Safety policy statement in companies that employ 5 or more people
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PERSONAL HYGIENE
• Keep overalls clean ensure they are washed regularly
• Wash hands thoroughly before contact with food
• Avoid washing with solvents (eg white spirits) can cause Dermatitis
• Use barrier cream enables dirt and germs to be removed when washing off the cream
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ACCIDENT PREVENTION
• The best way to reduce the risk of accidents is to try and remove the cause
• Wherever possible the workplace should have…………
• Clearly defined passageways • Good lighting/Ventilation• Reduced noise levels• Non slip floorings
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Hazards that cannot be removed……
• Safe guards fences around machines
• Safe systems of work can be introduced
• Wearing safety goggles, helmets, and boots can be made standard practise
• Other protective clothing can be supplied such as ear defenders, respirators, eye protection and overalls
• REMEMBER!!!!!!!!!!! Overalls and protective clothing must be provided by the employer
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PERSONAL ATTITUDES TO SAFETY TRAINING
• Make yourself aware of the companies Health & Safety policy procedures and act in accordance
• Be aware of what dangers can occur.
• Note what protection is available, and how to use it to prevent accidents
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Also employers have a duty to……….
• Carry out risk assessments
• Identify and implement control measures
• Inform employees of the risks and control measures
• Periodically review the assessments
• Record the assessment if more then 5 people are employed
• Employers must be prepared to consult a safety
representative if one is appointed
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Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
Occurrence Regulations (RIDDOR)
• Injuries – fatalities (Including members of the public) or injuries resulting in 7 days off work
• Diseases – if a doctor advises employee is suffering from work – related disease listed under RIDDOR
• Dangerous occurrence something that happened the could have resulted in a reportable injury
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• Reportable accidents employer uses form F2508
• Fatalities must be reported within 10 days
• The employer must maintain an Accident book to record details of ALL types of injuries however Minor.
• Accident forms should be completed by the injured employee as soon as possible.
• If a Third party completes the form employee check all details are correct before signing.
• The form can be used in legal proceedings• ………………………………………………………
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Fire Precautions Act
• Employer Duties include
• Safety in relation to fire hazards from work processes and activities
• Fire risk Assessment
• Written fire risk assessment (where 5 or more people are employed)
• Means of detecting and giving warning in case of fire
• Escape routes /Fire fighting equipment
• Training of staff in fire safety
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Fire safety and emergencies
• Fire triangle – fuel – oxygen – heat (ignition source)
• Protect area around combustible materials with heat mat
• Keep clean working area start to finish
• Electrical faults (major cause of fires) must only be carried out by qualified person and to BS 7671 standards
• Providing a fire extinguisher in the immediate working area
• Completing hot work minimum of 1 hour before leaving site
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If you discover a fire
• Raise the alarm immediately
• Leave by the nearest exit and report to muster point
• Call the fire service
• Remain at muster point until given the all clear
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Classes of fire
• Class A – fires involving solid materials, extinguished by water
• Class B – Flammable liquids, extinguished by foam or carbon dioxide
• Class C – Flammable gasses, extinguished by dry powder
• Class D – Flammable metals extinguished by dry powder
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Fire fighting equipment
• Extinguishers – buckets of sand or water – fire resistant blankets – automatic sprinkler systems – hose reels and hydrant systems
• Types of extinguisher
• Water – red – main uses on wood paper or fabrics
• Foam – Cream – used on petrol, oil, fats and paints
• Carbon dioxide – Black – used on electrical equipment
• Dry powder – blue – used on liquids, gasses, electrical equipment
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• All fire extinguishers are red but with 5% of the colour of the original extinguisher
• Mainly red (colour blind) people can distinguish red
• The fact that they are now all the same colour means you have to read the label
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Fire extinguisher safety check list
• Never use a unless you have been trained to do so
• Never use water on electrical fires
• Never use water on oils and fats
• Never handle the nozzle of carbon dioxide extinguisher it causes freeze burns to the hands
• Never use carbon dioxide extinguishers in a small room
• ALWAYS read the operating instructions before use.
• Personnel safety must always come before efforts to contain a fire
• ……………………………………………………………………….
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The Electricity at Work Regulations (1989)
• Employer/employee or self employed person must comply with the regulations
• Employer impose duty on every employee to comply with regulations
• Duty holder = person responsible in respect of systems, equipment and conductors
• Reasonable practicable – issue resolved with minimum costs in terms of physical difficulty, time, trouble and expense.
• Absolute = A requirement must be met regardless of cost or any other consideration
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Electricity on Site
• Safety covered by Electricity at work Regulations 1989 which in turn are covered by HASAWA
• Electrical installations should comply with BS 7671
• Employers required to have specific codes of practice for employees
• Including maintenance records of portable appliances (PAT tests)
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• HSE recommend PAT test every 3 months for construction site applications by a competent person
• Visually inspect power tool EVERY TIME you use it
• Supply to work on site from a generator or local supply
• Sites often have (RCDs) trip out supply any current leakage
• Never interfere with or alter any installations
• Only an authorised person may carry out any alterations
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Electricity on – site safety checklist
• Do not use lighting circuits for power tools
• Power tools should be double insulated
• Never carry a portable electric tool by its cable
• Ensure equipment is not damaged before it is plugged in
• Always have enough light for the job
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• Keep lights clean
• Check all cables are correctly insulated, not damaged or frayed
• Check plugs/sockets clean and in sound condition
• Check for current PAT labels
• Check RCD protection provided where necessary
………………………………………………………………
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Provisions and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER)
• Risks to person using equipment to be prevented or controlled
• Including all tools (power or hand) threading/bending machines
• Equipment provided should be suitable for the intended use
• Safe for use, maintained in safe condition, inspected
• Used by people trained and instructed
• Suitable safety measures (protective devices markings, warnings
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Tools and Equipment
• Use right tool for the right job
• Cutting tools saws, drills etc sharp in good condition
• Hacksaw fitted with teeth pointing forward
• Avoid mushrooming chisels causes flying splinters
• Electrical power tools 110/230 volts PAT tested
• Cartridge operated tools (training must be given)
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Manual Handling Operations Regulations
• Lay down requirements for moving loads by hand involving pushing, pulling, lowering of loads
• Control measures identified
• Avoid hazardous manual handling by using mechanical lifting
• Make risk assessment of any hazardous manual handling
• Reduce risk of injury by training staff in kinetic lifting techniques
• Risk assessment 5 factors – the task, load, working environment, capability of person and use of protective clothing
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Manual Handling
• Plan the lift
• Access the load
• Check your pathway is clear
• Lift using Kinetic lifting technique
• Maximum load for a fit person is 20KG
• Team lifting good communication visual and verbal
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Lifting Operations & Lifting Equipment
Regulations
• Reduce risks to persons from lifting equipment
• Equipment must be strong, stable enough for use and marked to indicate safe working loads
• Positioned and installed to minimise any risks
• Used safely work planned, organised, performed by competent people
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Risk Assessments
• Checking systems of work to keep you safe at work
• Employer is legally bound to assess risks in the workplace
• Risk factors are calculated using the formula……………
• Likelihood x Consequence = risk
•
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• Risk exposure - people that may be affected by the work activity of process
• Safeguards hardware – describes in- built safety features of work equipment
• Control measures- describe additional
safeguards.
• Where these are Identified they must be followed through and recorded
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Method Statements
• Produced for high risk activities such as working at heights.
• Combining findings and control measures of all risk assessments associated with the activity
• Document given to employees etc as guidance on how the work is going to be carried out
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Permit to Work Systems
• Used as safety control for very high risk or potentially fatal activities
• Fixed checklist of tasks completed before a task can begin
• Permit usually countersigned by supervisor
……………………………………………………………..
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Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations
• PPE to be supplied and used at work wherever risks to Health & Safety cannot be controlled in other ways
• PPE must be assessed as suitable before use
• Maintained and stored properly
• Provided with instructions on how to use safely
• Used correctly by employees
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Personal Protective Equipment
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Foot Protection• Protects toes, ankles and feet from injury also from
electric shock• Foot injuries 15% of reported accidents (30,000
each year)• Safety boots = metal toe protection rubber soles
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Hand Protection
• 1 in 4 related injuries happens to hands and fingers
• Dermatitis accounts for 700,000 lost work days each year
• Wear barrier cream wear appropriate
• Wear appropriate gloves
• General purpose gloves prevention of cuts /bruises
• Rubber gloves for hazardous substances
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Head Protection• 80% head injuries not wearing head protection
• Adjust helmet to fit/Do not paint
• Inspect regularly for dents, crack wear and tear
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Working at Heights Regulations
• Working at heights defined as height 2 metres or more above ground level
• All work at height is properly planned
• Takes into account weather conditions
• Those involved are trained and competent
• Place where work is done is safe
• Equipment inspected
• Risks from fragile surfaces are properly controlled
• Risks from falling objects are properly controlled
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Access to work
• All access equipment is regularly checked and recorded
• Ladders not suitable for long term working
• Inspect ladders stills and rungs for damage
• Ladders are not painted
• Ladders should be placed on firm ground
• When ladders are extended there must be a 3 rung overlap
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• Ladder exposed position guarded by barriers
• Angle of ladders 4 up to 1 out or 75 degrees
• Ladder access to a platform 1m or 5 rungs above access point
• Secured at the top and at the bottom as necessary
• Ladders tested annually and results recorded
• Don’t rest ladders on fragile surfaces
• 3 classes of ladders class 1 (heavy duty for industrial use)
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Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Regulations (COSHH)
• Hazardous substances can be solids, liquids, dusts, fumes, gases or micro – organisms that may present a risk to health.
• The employer must assess the risks
• Decide what precautions are needed
• Prevent or adequately control exposure
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• Ensure control measures are used and maintained
• Monitor the level of exposure to the substance
• Carry out appropriate health surveillance where required
• Prepare procedures to deal with accidents and emergiences
• Ensure employees are informed, trained and supervised
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Chemical Safety
• Chemicals not contained or handled properly can be:
• Inhaled as dust or gas
• Swallowed in small doses over a long period
• Absorbed through the skin or clothing
• Touched by or spilled on unprotected skin
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Some chemical can cause:
• Injury to the eyes, skin, organs – from fires and burns etc
• Silent illnesses exposure after months, years, example asbestos
• Allergy to the skin such as a rash, coughing and breathing problems
• Death – some poisonous chemical can kill outright
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Why do chemical accidents happen?
• Hurrying, over confidence, not adhering instructions
• Spills and leaks can be dangerous if not cleaned up
• Vapours may build up where there is no proper ventilation
• – toxics - corrosives – flammables – reactives
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• Some chemicals exposed to heat or sunlight can explode
• Contact between a chemical/ wrong material can cause harmful reactions
• Dispose of old chemicals safely ( chemical changes can happen over time)
• There are 4 main types chemicals (toxic agents corrosives, flammables and Reactives)
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Toxic agents
• Close containers tightly when not in use
• Be sure the work area is well ventilated
• Wear correct PPE
• Wash hands often
• Safely dispose of contaminated clothing
• Keep any antidotes handy
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Corrosives
• Dangerous to the eyes and respiratory tract.
• PPE – goggles, breathing devices, protective gloves
• Make sure ventilation is good
• Contact with corrosives wash with water/shower
• Eyes affected flush with water for 20 minutes get medical assistance
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Flammables
• Liquids and gases that burn such as LPG, methanol, ethanol, ether and petrol. To protect yourself:
• No flames, sparks or cigarette lighters allowed near flammables
• Keep only a small quantity of flammables in the work area
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• Store and dispose of flammables safely
• In an emergency: Evacuate, turn off all flames
• Clean up flammables and ventilate the area fully
• Call the emergency services
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Reactives
• Understand dangers involved do a risk assessment
• Know your chemicals before working with them: read about them and test them for stability
• Handle with care. trouble?? close doors/evacuate
• Follow all recommended safety rules/procedures
• Know what to do in an emergency
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Accidents
• Seek or administer immediate first aid if qualified to do so
• Get help if necessary, i.e. phone for an ambulance
• Report accident to the site supervisor
• Write down details in an accident report book
• Complete a company accident report form
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Emergency procedures
• Dial emergency services, give your name, number and service required
• Give exact location of the accident
• Nature of the emergency (type of accident)
• Arrange for someone to meet the emergency services
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Electric shock and first aid
• Lethal level of electric shock is about 50mA
• First –check your own personnel safety
• Break the electrical contact by switching off the
supply, removing the plug, or wrenching the cable free.
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• If not possible use piece of non conductive material such as wood to push the casualty free.
• Check the casualties response, to assess their level of consciousness, ask a question or give a command
• Talk to them and gently shake them to gauge their level of response
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• Casualty appears unharmed advise them to rest
• If no sign of movement or breathing, summon help immediately
• Start CPR (cardio pulmonary resuscitation)
• CPR is based on ABC – airway, breathing and circulation
• Place casualty in the recovery position, if they have no obvious back Injury
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Treatment for burns
• Based on the severity of the burn
• Run the burnt area under cold water for 10 minutes
• Remove jewellery/constricting
• Cover the injury with a sterile dressing
• DO NOT USE!!! Adhesive dressings, break blisters or interfere with the injured area.
• DO NOT!!! Apply lotions,ointments,creams or fats to the injured
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Treatment for shock
• Shock (reduction in pressure of the circulating blood)
• Lay casualty down, keeping the head low
• Raise and support the legs
• Loosen tight clothing
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• Keep casualty warm above and below
• Contact emergency services
• Check and record breathing, pulse and level of response
• DO NOT!! Let the casualty move unnecessarily, eat, drink or smoke
• Also do not leave the casualty unattended
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Treatment for bleeding – Minor cuts, scratches and
grazes
• Wash/dry your own hands put on disposable gloves
• Clean the cut, if dirty under running water
• Pat dry with sterile dressing
• Clean surrounding area, cover cut completely with sterile dressing
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Severe bleeding
• Put on disposable gloves
• Apply direct pressure to the wound with pad or clean cloth
• Raise and support the injured limb
• Lay casualty down to treat for shock
• Bandage the pad (not too tight this may stop circulation)
• Treat for shock
• Dial 999 for ambulance
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Treatment for eye injuries
• Wash your hands
• Clean with cool water or sterile fluid from a sealed container to remove loose material
• DO NOT!! attempt to remove anything embedded in the eye
• If chemicals are involved flush the open eye with water or sterile fluid for at least 10 – 15 minutes.
• Apply an eye pad and send the casualty to hospital